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Making Infrastructure Accessible and Principles of Universal Design
Charlotte McClain-NhlapoKaren Peffley
Disability & Development, HDNSP
MENA: Including Persons with Disabilities in Development:Opportunities & AccessibilityJune 17, 2009
Changing international landscape UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (CRPD)
Convening power Response to Financial crisis as an opportunity
Information available and cost effective
Liabilities for not building accessibly
Why the WB should address accessibility
Since June 2005, USAID enforces a policy directive on accessible construction and reconstruction
IFC performance standards require considering the needs of vulnerable people, including individuals with disabilities
Bi-lateral donors (GTZ, DFID, AusAID) have introduced policies to include disability in their programs
EU Directive for Equal Treatment in Employment and Occupation (2000)
IBRD/IDA Lag Behind USAID and IFC on Promoting Accessibility
In a general sense, accessibility is a feature which allows an environment, object or instrument to be used safely and independently.
For technical use, it is a stringent set of standards that have been mandated nationally or internationally for the construction of the built environment for the use by persons with disabilities.
Accessibility
The objective of accessible infrastructure is part of creating an enabling environment.
An enabling environment is one in which ALL can participate, including people with disabilities.
The components are:• Physical• Social/attitudinal• Economic• Institutional• Technological
Enabling Environment
Barriers include environmental barriers, especially those that exist in the built (human-made) infrastructure.
For example, obvious barriers include stairs that create barriers to wheelchair users.
Less obvious barriers include the lack of tactile or high colour-contrast surfaces which assists people with navigation of streets and buildings.
Physical
Inaccessible latrine
Step at entry prevents use by
wheelchair users
Accessible latrine
Entrance on grade allows access by all.
Addressing barriers in the physical environment may be among the easiest barriers to resolve, and often a precursor to achieving parity for people with disabilities in other areas.
Physical, cont.
“The design of products and environments, programs and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without need for adaptation or specialized design.” (CRPD, Article 2)
Concept, approach, goal
Benefits entire population
Participatory and Local specific
Not an international/national standards
What is Universal Design?
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and Intuitive Use
4. Perceptible Information
5. Tolerance for Error
6. Low Physical Effort
7. Size and Space for Approach and Use
Principles ofUniversal Design
Achievable with small, inexpensive changes that:
• Would not require major changes in procurement
practices
• Would not add significantly to costs
• Work with governments to assess their own
codes/guidelines policy, legal framework and
compliance with regards to UD and accessibility
Mainstreaming UD in Bank operations
The principle of accessibility is based on the principle of non-discrimination and the full participation of people with disabilities in all aspects of life.
The CRPD emphasizes that limited access or lack of accessibility in various ways often results in human rights violations.
Article 9 stipulates States must implement programs of action to make physical, social and technological environments more equitable and accessible.
Articles 21 and 24 further address accessibility in information and education.
The CRPD
Country Signed CRPD Ratified CRPDAlgeria Yes Egypt Yes YesIsrael Yes Jordan Yes YesLebanon Yes Libya Yes Malta Yes Morocco Yes YesOman Yes YesQatar Yes YesSaudi Arabia YesSyrian Arab Republic Yes Tunisia Yes YesU. A. E. Yes Yemen Yes Yes
World Bank lending for infrastructure-related programs and projects rose to US$11.7 billion dollars during fiscal year 2008.
Further increases anticipated in public spending by governments on infrastructure in response to the fiscal crisis anticipated.
Consistent with the Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan, 2007- 2011.
Opportunities
Transport Sector issued guidelines for inclusive transportation
HDNSP and SDV collaborated on a Social Analysis and Disability guidance note
Publication Design for All: Implication for Bank Operations
Forthcoming publication/training on Accessible BRT in LCR
FURL: DisabilityToolkit
Improving Access in Bank Financed Operations
HDN, SDN, LEG and OPCS (with input from the regions) produced an Action Plan to Introduce Universal Design in Bank-Financed Projects
Accessibility is primarily a project design and technical specifications matter, and indirectly a procurement one
By implementing UD, the Bank would be proactively aligning itself with the tenets of the CRPD and other development agencies.
Action Plan on Accessibility in Bank Operations
Steps to achieve enabling environments include:
Consider accessibility early in process Involve disabled persons in the design and review of
projects and programs Address all aspects of environments
• Physical• Social/attitudinal• Economic• Institutional• Technological
Educate policy makers and designers
Use Universal Design as a guiding principle