Making Existing Buildings Smart - Green Building Congress · • Physical Services (Building Systems HVAC, Lighting, Elevators, Waste / Water Management etc) • Infrastructural ICT

© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi

Smart Buildings, Smart Cities & IoT Lab@NUSSekhar Kondepudi Ph.D

Making Existing Buildings Smart

[email protected] +65 9856 6472

© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi2

Trends

Typical Systems in a Building

A “Smart” Building

Some Ideas for Existing Buildings

Wrap Up & Discussion


• Buildings form undoubtedly the largest footprint in high-dense or mega cities.

• Key infrastructural component in leveraging the fact that high-dense cities lack space and buildings in such places predominantly occupy more than two-thirds of gross area

• Buildings – places of work, living, navigation & leisure in urban environment, have been one of the greatest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).

• We spend 90 % of our lives in Buildings

• Where we spend 90% of our lives

• Where we spend 70% of our electricity

• Where we spend 50% of our energy

• Where we spend 40% of our CO2 emissions

• Natural counterbalance to fluctuating renewables

• where we spend a lot of our $’s

• 2/3rds of the occupants are uncomfortable

½w

aste

d

7 © 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi

An integrated system can reduce ongoing operational costs by up to 36%


Sources: BOMA, EIA, AIA

Transportation

25%

Transportation

25%

Manufacturing

25%

Manufacturing

25%

Buildings

50%

Buildings

50%

The Energy Consumption of IT Equipment in Buildings is Increasing Significantly


2nd

Real estate is the 2nd largest expense on the income statement.

50%

Up to 50% of energy and water in buildings are often wasted.

2025

By 2025, buildings will be the #1 consumer of energy.

2x

Data center energy use doubling every 5 years.

Adapted from IBM

Adapted from IBM

Adapted from IBM

• Every day, the world creates 2.5 Quintillion (how many zeros ?) bytes of data

• 90 % of all the Data today has been created in the last 2 years (2011-2012)

• In the 11 years between 2009 and 2020, the size of the "Digital Universe" will increase 44 fold. That's a 41% increase in capacity every year.

• In addition, only 5% of this data being created is structured and the remaining 95% is largely unstructured, or at best semi-structured.

• Sources of this data : Sensors, social media posts, pictures posted, videos posted, comments, transactions, GPS data etc.

The Little Book of BIG DATA (2012), Norleen Burlingame © 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi11

• By 2015, 17 petabytes per year for all BASs in North America

• By 2021, 52 petabytes per year for new construction alone

• Approximately 2 petabytes: All U.S. academic research libraries

BAS Installations by Controls Segment,

New Construction, North America: 2015-2021

BAS Daily Data Throughput by Controls

Segment, North America: 2015-2021

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

(MB

)

HVAC ControlsLighting ControlsFire and Life SafetySecurity and AccessBuilding Management Systems

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

(Num

ber

of S

yste

ms)

HVAC ControlsLighting ControlsFire and Life SafetySecurity and AccessBuilding Management Systems


Trends






• Physical Services (Building Systems HVAC, Lighting, Elevators, Waste / Water Management etc)

• Infrastructural ICT Services (Pagers, Information System, Trouble Ticketing, Server farm, Office Systems, E-Mail, VoIP, VoD, Space-Management, Telecommunications)

• Security Services (Fire Alarm, Intrusion, Inundation, CO, CO2, Nox, Access Control, Asset Tracking, CCTV)

• Enterprise Services including CRM, ERP, Business and Financial Applications.


Renewable SourcesOffice

Appliances

HVAC

UPS

Electrical

Access Control

Lighting

IT

Power Meters

Elevators


Dampers

Cameras

AirFilters

IndoorAir QualityServices

Air HandlingUnit Controllers

CoolingCoils

Fans

AccessManagement

ExhaustFans Smoke

Detectors

CoolingTowers

Elevators

ZoneControl

HeatingUnits

Halon System

VAVUnits Diffusers

Cameras

IntrusionDetectors

CardReaders

ChemicalWater Control

Chillers &Boilers

PumpsOperatorsStation

Fire AlarmPanels

Thermostats/Humidistats

Parking Garage

Water Systems

Vending m/c

Electric, Gas, Heating

Computer Room Air Handlers

LightingSolarPV

Rack/Server IDF�PDU© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi16

AccessPowerLife

SafetyLighting IT

Video Security

NetworkHVAC

Power Monitoring

Control Systems

Building Automation

Systems

Lighting

Fire & Smoke

Detectors, Sprinklers

Cameras Housings

Servers Computers

Wiring Closet

Routers Switches Phones

Network

Digital Video

Recorder

Video Analytics

Life Safety Systems

Lighting Control

White Space IT

Apps

Network Mgmt

Systems

Active Access Control

Biometrics

LocksDoorsGates

Man-traps

ChillersBoilers

Air Handlers

Emergency Power SupplyUtilities


HVACElevators Fire Lighting & ClosingElectrical

DistributionSecurity IT & TelcoRefrig.

Building management consulting (including energy efficiency / performance contracting)

Facilities ManagementSecurity monitoring

Elevators Refrigeration

Lighting & ClosingFire ExtinctionSecurity Equipment

MV & LV Equipment

Servers, Mass Storage

Building Security FireLighting & Closing

Control

ED control & Monitoring Routers, VoIP

Building Automation

HVAC


Trends






� A building which enhances employee / occupancy productivity through better comfort and well being.

� It is a building that is managed comprehensively from concept to grave.

� It is well instrumented to enable monitoring and optimal operations

� It is integrated with the utility smart grid to optimize on time based energy demand

� It is sustainable – optimizing on water and waste and also partially offsets its energy needs via renewable sources on-site.


Ext

erna

l Int

egra

tion

Analytics and O

ptimization

WaterSmart Meters,

Use / Flow Sensing

EnergySmart Meter,

Demand Response ElevatorsMaintenance,Performance

HVACFans, Variable Air

Volume, Air Quality

LightingOccupancy

Sensing

Access/SecurityBadge In,

Cameras, IntegrationPerimeter, Doors,

Floors, Occupancy

Space UtilizationOccupancy/Management

24/7 MonitoringCondition Monitoring,Parking Lot Utilization

WeatherCurrent

Predictions

WeatherCurrent

Predictions

EmergencyServices

Alerts, Actions

EmergencyServices

Alerts, Actions

UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,

Cost Control

UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,

Cost Control

CommunityServices

Transportation,Traffic, Events

CommunityServices

Transportation,Traffic, Events

CommercialPotential

Advertisement

CommercialPotential

Advertisement

Voice/Video/Data

Integrated Building & Communications ServicesIntegrated Building & Communications Services

PortfolioRE Mgmt

PortfolioRE Mgmt

Asset MgmtLifecycle

Asset MgmtLifecycle

Energy UsePassive/Active

Energy UsePassive/Active

OccupancySpace Mgmt

OccupancySpace Mgmt

ComplianceReal Estate MgmtCompliance

Real Estate Mgmt

Building ServicesMaintenance/Projects

Building ServicesMaintenance/Projects

Tenant ServicesHelp Desk

Tenant ServicesHelp Desk

Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle

Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle

Industry SpecificHospital, Hotel, Etc.

Industry SpecificHospital, Hotel, Etc.

Fire FunctionalityChecks,

Detector Service

Source IBM


Energy is a growing cost item and a mission-critical commodity for many organizations today, therefore its efficiency is a critical component of a sustainability strategy whilst offering favorable business benefits.

Challenges & OpportunitiesEnergy consumption is a significant operational expense item for most industries and buildings making up about 20% of overall operating costs.

While there is a growing need for energy efficiency, most organizations:•Do not have a strategic approach to energy management•Do not understand their most energy consuming assets•Do not actively manage energy efficiently or effectively•Do not understand what technologies are available to drive energy efficiency

Why Buildings?•Buildings consume ~40% of the world’s energy – far more than what is used in other areas such as transportation•Regardless of age, nearly every building wastes energy.

Why Information Technology?•IT enables unprecedented efficiencies for many core business functions and the real estate portfolio is no exception•Building systems and solutions are the last to migrate to IP, yet are instrumental in controlling energy spend•Analytics enables the analysis of millions of data points per day from existing equipment to identify improvements to building operational efficiency


Existing facility BASs are not designed to optimize facility operations and minimize energy consumption. 40% of BASs save less energy than they are capable of saving, on average producing less than 55% of the expected savings

Design Intent Current BAS

Fac

ility

Per

form

ance

Smart Facilities

BAS Optimization

Operational Guidelines &

Fault Detection

Savings Opportunity

Source: “Achieving energy savings with building automation systems” www.automatedbuildings.com

Existing BAS Capabilities•Operations based on strategies that may be flawed•Static alarms that go off too late•Limited trending (number of points and time period)•Single facility view

Smart Facilities Capabilities•Optimal operating strategy•Dynamic alarms based on an energy model•Predictive analytics/maintenance•Prioritized list of recommendations•Enterprise/portfolio view•Supervisory control



Integrated Building Management Systems (IBMS)Integrated Building Management Systems (IBMS)

Visualization

Intelligent

Interconnected

Instrumented

Physical

• Role-based Dashboards

• Comparison of historical data with newly collected data

• Data modeling and analytics

• Building Management and Operations

• Database management• Data aggregation from multiple • buildings and systems• Connectivity – wired/wireless

• Open standards

• Vendor Building Management Systems• Data aggregation – single building

• Sensors and Meters

• Bricks and Mortar

FM

CIO

Source : IBM


ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Wireless

IP Telephony

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

Boilers

Chillers

BMS

AHU

Building Mgmt

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

BMS

Building Mgmt

IP Camera

CCTV

DVR

Lighting Control

General Lighting

Channel Controllers

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

Lighting Control

General Lighting

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

Access Control

Access Control

Source : Cisco


Energy & Power Metering

CCTV

DVR

Fire Alarm System

Smoke Sensor

Break Glass

Sounder

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Energy ManagementBuilding ManagementFacility ManagementSecurity ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Door Controllers

Access Control

Reader Technology

Intruder Panels

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

Boilers

Chillers

BMS

AHU

Lighting Control

General Lighting Channel

Controllers

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

UPS Monitoring

IP Camera IP Telephony

Wireless

Middleware ServerDisparate Protocols to Common Format + ICT Integration

© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi

Source : Cisco

27

Trends



Some Examples & Ideas for Existing Buildings



Adapted from IBM

Smart SensorsSmart Sensors

DashboardsDashboards

• Whole Office Sustainable Environment

• Comfort & Productivity as a Dimension

• Plug Loads – Build into Every Socket in Building

• All Environmental Parameters (Multi-Modal)Temperature

Humidity

Light

Noise

IAQ

Water

• Optimized Dashboard for Monitoring & Control @ Individual End-User Level

Zone / Floor Level

Building Level


• Integrated solution for• Automated Indoor / Outdoor Lighting Management

• Desktop & Connected Devices Power Management

• Integration with Access Control (early stage)

• Cooling/Heating Systems (next stage)

• Technologies• Wireless Sensor & Control network

• Over the Air Real-Time Updates

• Cloud / Mobile Command & Control

• Support for CFL as well as LED lighting

• Anytime, Anywhere Access

• Real Time Analytics• Facility wide data @ different level of granularity

• Conference Room Utilization data

Measure, Monitor, Analyze, Optimize Control

• User Comfort & Optimization• Scenes & Schedules for different zones

• Completely Automated Solution• Avoids manual interventions & errors

• Almost switch-less environment

• Providing benefits for• Retrofit / Brownfield Sites

• Energy Savings

• Efficient utilization of resources

• Productive & Comfortable work environment

• Ease of Installation/Maintenance


• Wireless Sensor Networks

• Energy & Environmental DataView, Compare, Share

• Analytics Prediction Energy Savings Strategies Operational Optimization

• Real-time Information / “Pulse”

34


Smart buildings use advanced data analytics to provide enterprise energy management services to commercial building owners, helping them reduce energy usage and maintenance costs, while improving occupant comfort.

Smart Buildings can leverage the convergence of IT and Building Technologies via a suite of data-focused services to reduce building operating costs by up to 30%. The continuous analytics improves equipment performance that results in a number of tangible and intangible benefits for building owners and occupants.

•Lower utility bills (decreased consumption and demand)

•Lower carbon emissions

•Lower maintenance costs (parts and labor)

•Increased equipment life

•Lower risk of catastrophic equipment failures

•Improved tenant comfort, retention, and leasing rates

Energy

Carbon

Maintenance

Comfort


• IT systems and applications that form an important constituent of the buildings such as wired and wireless networks, IP telephony, and digital signage systems

• Core building systems like lighting, elevators, HVAC, and security systems

• Over 150 very detailed software solution requirements were developed and implemented

Traditional Building

SystemsIT Systems & Applications

Lighting IP telephony

HVAC Calendaring Software

In-room projectors Trouble Ticketing systems

Blinds Digital signage


Unoccupied Power consumption with Smart

Policy

Peripheral conf. rooms- 32%Internal conf. rooms - 10%

Unoccupied Power consumption – Normal

Peripheral conf. rooms- 52%Internal conf. rooms - 18%

Regular Consumption

4887 kWh / day

Value Source

Power consumption during unoccupied state (% of usage)

� With BMS

Peripheral rooms- 52%Internal rooms - 18%

� With Smart Policy

Peripheral rooms- 32%Internal rooms - 10%

� Inputs from Facilities

Conference room usage rate

� 50% � 6 Month Historical Data

% occupancy of conf. rooms

� 80% � AssumptionAdditional Savings due to Smart Policies

23 %

Annual savings -Normal

382912 kWh-

Annual savings with Smart Policy

470558 kWh

X X


Use the IP phone to•Confirm / Cancel / Extend the meeting reservation•Control A/V systems, Temperature, Lights & Blinds•Launch Webex meetings•Raise trouble tickets

Collaborate

Dynamic Room Configuration Wayfinding Administration Role Based Access Control Utilization & No-Show Reports

• View your meetings on Smartphone / Kiosk

• View ongoing meetings on wall signages• Wayfinding to room from current location

Locate

• Multi-channel reservations• Room configuration as per needs• Webex integration for one-click-launch• Integrates with MS Exchange for real-

time visibility of rooms

Schedule


Cisco Systems

Integrated Dashboards Centralized Policy Management

Historical & Real-time Reporting Alarms & Alerts

Navigation Work-order Mgmt

Policy & Scheduling

Monitor Control

Device Abstraction & Adapter Framework

Multiple Buildings / Communication Protocols

Device Modeling with Location AwarenessFoundation

Actions

Features

Experience

Analyze

Energy Efficiency SW Smart Spaces

Trouble TicketsRBAC Corrective Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance


Features Description

Dashboards• Quick visibility into building energy resource consumption• Peer Comparisons on key metrics• Per user customization

Monitor• Monitor building equipment parameters (visibility into health of equipment)• Time based historical trends (daily, weekly, monthly…)• Real time trends

Control • Control building equipment parameters

Schedule • Automated time based control of building equipment (on/off or set points)

Policy• Rules on building equipment parameters range• Conditional control• Load shedding control

Alarm Management• View Alarms and Alerts indicating potential failures / policy violations• Alarms and Alerts Lifecycle• Create Trouble tickets based on alarms/alerts

Notification• Subscription to alarms based on user’s preference• Notification using Email and SMS © 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi42

Features Description

Preventive Maintenance• Auto generation of work orders based on run hours monitoring and periodic

schedules

Corrective Maintenance • Support for operator driven (manual) work-order creation

Role Based Access Control

• Support for Role Based Access Control [RBAC] based on location / device type

Reporting• Standard Reports• User Generated Reports• Auto generation and dispatch of periodic reports

Internationalization (I18N) & Localization (L10N)

• Supports I18N• Supports L10N for English and French


• Frequent Feedback

• Historical Feedback

• Goal Setting

• Group Participation

• Public commitment

• Competition

• Rankings

• Comparative feedback

• Social norms – social influence

• Social pressure

What about people without Financial Incentives? Can we assess Feedback Strategies? Which Strategies Are Better for Which situation?



Energy Consumption Comparison of the Three Phases During Office Hours


Trends



Some Examples & Ideas for Existing Buildings



• Variety of Building Functions / Sub-Systems all of which coordinate with one another

• Sub-systems, components & devices which have nodes, end points and behave like a network in terms of their end use characteristics and interactivity with other nodes.

• “System of Systems” or a “network of networks”

• “Internet of Things” (IoT) for Buildings.

• This is completely analogous to an IT or Data Communications network

Example : Car Parking & VentilationExample : Car Parking, Security, Access Control Lighting


“The Skin”Dense sensor network on building surface and embedded in the systems and materials

“The Skeleton”The physical bricks and mortar of the building

“The Nervous System”The IP / Communciations Network

“The Brain”A policy engine at the center of the information systems

“The Muscles”The devices and subsystems attached to the network

“The Circulatory System”The electrical system

The Living Building

Adapted / Modified from CISCO



Thank YouProf. Sekhar Kondepudi

Smart Buildings, Smart Cities & IoT Lab@NUS National University of Singapore

E [email protected]@gmail.com

M : +65 9856 6472

Documents

Making Existing Buildings Smart - Green Building Congress · • Physical Services (Building Systems HVAC, Lighting, Elevators, Waste / Water Management etc) • Infrastructural ICT