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MAKE A NEW ENTRY TITLED- How Energy is Changed- 11/8 SHORT CHECKUP ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ON WEDNESDAY QUIZ/TEST ON ALL FOOD FOR ANIMALS STUFF ON TUESDAY AFTER LONG WEEKEND (11/15). CELLULAR RESPIRATION CLIP RELEASING CHEMICAL ENERGY CLIP. Energy transformations. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• MAKE A NEW ENTRY TITLED- How Energy is Changed-11/8
• SHORT CHECKUP ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ON WEDNESDAY• QUIZ/TEST ON ALL FOOD FOR ANIMALS
STUFF ON TUESDAY AFTER LONG WEEKEND (11/15)
•CELLULAR RESPIRATION CLIP•RELEASING CHEMICAL ENERGY CLIP
Energy transformations
• Marshmallow burned—thermal (heat) energy was released
• We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from?
• When the bonds of sugar were broken and reformed making CO2 and H2O– energy was released
• So…the energy was in the bonds of the molecules• The chemical energy of the sugar
molecules was released as thermal energy• So, did the C, H, and O atoms turn into
energy when the sugar was burned? • So where is the sugar?• In our body, this process is called
CELLULAR RESPIRATION and happens in CELLS
LIGHTENERGY
INPUTCHEMICAL
ENERGY
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
LESSstored energy
LIGHTENERGY
INPUTCHEMICAL
ENERGY
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
LESSstored energy
Carbon cycles between carbon dioxide and glucose as light energy is converted into chemical energy
LIGHTENERGY
INPUTCHEMICAL
ENERGY
OUTPUT
• WE HAVE TWO MAJOR IDEAS IN THIS UNIT (HOW WE USE FOOD)
1) GROWTH FROM FOOD—DIGESTION- CIRCULATION- REASSEMBLY, TIME 0-4 ACTIVITY, YOUR TURN HW
2) ENERGY FROM FOOD— part A CELLULAR RESPIRATION-MATTER IS CONSERVED WHEN BONDS OF THE FOOD MOLECULES ARE BROKEN AND ENERGY IS RELEASEDpart B HOW THE CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CHANGED/TRANSFORMED INTO A TYPE WE CAN USE TO POWER OUR CELLS (KINETIC)
• In COMBUSTION (sugar burning), we saw that heat was produced• Our usual body temp—37 C• Room temp is about 25 C• How could you use those two facts as
evidence that we produce thermal energy?• What other evidence can you think of
that thermal energy is produced in our bodies?
• Any similarities between the processes we do and the burning of the marshmallow?
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION is very similar to the marshmallow burning—same inputs and outputs Glucose and O2 CO2 + H2O and ENERGY
• About 60% of the energy released during CELLULAR RESPIRATION is released as thermal energy.
• The other 40% is available to the cell as usable energy for the activities that cells perform.
CHEMICAL ENERGY 40
THERMAL ENERGY
ATP IN A CELL
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Building glucose requires energy as an INPUT
GlucoseCarbon dioxide
molecules
Breaking glucose releases energy as an OUTPUT
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energyKinetic energy
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
60% will be lost right away as heat/thermal and 40% will be converted to a “useful” form of energy--ATP
SO…WHAT IS ATP?ATP IS ACTUALLY OUR ENERGY MOLECULE—NOT FOOD-EVEN THOUGH WE SAY FOOD IS OUR ENERGY
WHY ATP? SODA MACHINE ANALOGY1 GLUCOSE= 38 ATP’S
• In your body, there is actually a step between the chemical energy in glucose being transferred to useful kinetic energy in a muscle cell. Instead, your body first uses the chemical energy in glucose to build a molecule called ATP
What is ATP?
Ribose
Adenine
Phosphate groups
Ribose
Adenine
ATP consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Tri (3)“T”
ADENOSINE“A”
PHOSPHATE“P”
ATP and energy used by cells
• Cells use energy stored in the form of a molecule called ATP
• All other sources of energy must be converted and stored in molecules of ATP to be used by cells
P
ADENOSINE“A”
PHOSPHATE“P”
P
Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)
“mono-phosphate”
P
P P
Adenosine (A)2 phosphates (P)“di-phosphate”
Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)
“mono-phosphate”
P
P P
P P P
Adenosine (A)3 phosphates (P)“tri-phosphate”
Adenosine (A)2 phosphates (P)“di-phosphate”
Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)
“mono-phosphate”
P
P P
P P P
AMP“mono-phosphate”
ATP“tri-phosphate”
ADP“di-phosphate”
Note: you do NOT need to memorize names of these molecules
P P P
ATP(Adenosine triphosphate)
The molecular diagrams and names are to help you visualize the processes and help you put the concepts into a context
Building ATP requires energy as an INPUT
P P P
Breaking ATP releases energy as an OUTPUT
P P PKinetic energy
ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP
P P P
MOREstored energy
ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP
P P P
LESSstored energy
ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP
P P P P P P
ATP ADP P+
MOREstored energy
LESSstored energy
P P P
P P P
CHEMICALENERGY
INPUTENERGY
FOR CELLULARWORK
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
ATP
ADP P+
LESSstored energy
ATP cycles between ADP and ATP as chemical energy is converted into energy for cellular work
P P P
P P P
CHEMICALENERGY
INPUTENERGY
FOR CELLULARWORK
OUTPUT
LIGHTENERGY
INPUTCHEMICAL
ENERGY
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
LESSstored energy
P P P
P P P
CHEMICALENERGY
INPUTENERGY
FOR CELLULARWORK
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
ATP
ADP P+
LESSstored energy
LIGHTENERGY
CHEMICALENERGY
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
P P P
P P P
ENERGYFOR CELLULAR
WORK
ATP
ADP P+
Matter cycles as energy is transformed
CO2
Glucose
ADP + P
ATP
Photosynthesis
Show the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose to useful/kinetic energy in a muscle cell
kinetic
ATP IN MUSCLE CELL
Glucose
Chemical Energy
Chemical Energy
Muscle Cell
Show the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose all the way into the environment as thermal energy: START WITH GLUCOSE—THEN THE 40%-(TO THERMAL
Glucose
Chemical Energy
ATP in Muscle Cell
Chemical Energy
Muscle Cell
Kinetic
Muscle/ Environment
Thermal
• PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ENERGY IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1)How much energy was immediately released to the environment as thermal energy? ______%
2)How much energy was transformed into useful energy (ATP)? ______%
60
40
3) Where was the energy stored to begin with?
4) Where does all the energy ultimately end up?
In the BONDS of GLUCOSE
In the ENVIRONMENT as HEAT
Glucose
Chemical Energy
Environment
Thermal
ATP in Muscle Cell
Chemical Energy
Muscle Cell
Kinetic
Muscle/ Environment
Thermal