Birds are endothermic. They can maintain their own internal
body temperature.
Slide 3
Birds have feathers. These greatly enhance flight and provide
excellent insulation for roosting in cold areas of at night;
swimming in cold water or flying at altitudes where the temperature
is low.
Slide 4
Birds have water tight, hard- shelled eggs. Birds have a common
ancestor with reptiles, and have similar water tight shells. Birds
evolved a hardening compound in their egg shell (phosphatized
calcium carbonate) which increases the eggs strength.
Slide 5
Birds skin is watertight. This, and their watertight eggs,
allowed them to retain moisture and invade drier parts of the
land.
Slide 6
Birds bones are light and hollow. This minimizes weight during
flight. Their bodies are rigid and fused. (like the body of a
plane). This helps minimize stress on the skeleton during
flight.
Slide 7
Birds have beaks in place of teeth. Beaks are lighter than
teeth. Beaks arent good for chewing. Birds have a gizzard where
food is crushed and ground up. Some swallow small rocks to help
with the grinding up of food. (Thats why chickens and doves peck in
the gravel)
Slide 8
Birds are more complex than earlier life forms. The birds today
are more complex than early birds.
Slide 9
What do birds and reptiles have in common? BirdsReptiles
Slide 10
Mammals are endothermic They can be active in cold areas.
Slide 11
Mammals have hair (even whales have some) This serves as
excellent insulation for cold areas.
Slide 12
Mammals have mammary glands. They use these to feed their often
defenseless young. This adaptation allowed mothers to forage for
food themselves and then feed young with the milk they
produced.
Slide 13
Most mammals have teeth. In meat eaters most teeth are pointed.
In plant eaters some teeth are shaped for snipping plant, some for
grinding. In some whales, a fringe-like filter called baleen takes
the place of teeth.
Slide 14
Almost all mammals give birth to live young (not laying
eggs).
Slide 15
What do mammals and reptiles have in common?
MammalsReptiles
Slide 16
Continental Drift South America has separated from Antartica
and Africa North America has separated from Europe India has moved
north and slammed into Asia, forming the Himalayas. Australia
separated from Antarctica and moved north. The Rockies and the
Andes formed. Land now links the Americas, and the migration of top
predators from North America has wiped out many South American
animals. Global climate has cooled; giant glaciers and ice caps
have formed again in North America, Eurasia, and at the poles.
Slide 17
By the end of this time period (now) the continents have
drifted into the positions we know today- and the continents drift
continues.
Slide 18
Major Evolutionary Events 65 MYA- Present Mammals are abundant;
most huge mammals die off, grazing mammals increase. First primates
appear. Grasses Spread Continents have moved into their present day
locations. The global climate has cooled. In the VERY, VERY recent
past, the first humans evolve, as primate venture from a forest
lifestyle to the plains.
Slide 19
Humans-Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens first show up in the fossil
record 95,000 years ago (very close the to end of our timeline) We
are relative new comers to this planet.
