Major Events of IslamPost-Classical Period

500-1250

Madnick/Global History 9 1

Mohamed

• Born in Mecca, 570 • died 632• 622- Hegira

–moved from Mecca to Medina --created first Islamic city-state with

Muslim government and military forces• Muslims believe he died in Jerusalem and went up

to heaven

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Umayyad Dynasty, 661-750

• Capital city in Damascus, Syria (ME)• Rapid spread of Islam in Afro Eurasia• Why did it spread so quickly?–Muslim horse cavalries were faster than

traditional foot soldiers–Muslims allowed conquered people to keep

their cultures–Message of Islam was appealing

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Umayyad Dynasty, 661-750

• Cultural diffusion–Most conquered people spoke Arabic –Many converted to Islam in AfroEurasia

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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258

• Capital city at Baghdad

“It is an excellent military camp. Besides, here is the Tigris to put us in touch with the lands of China and bring us all that the seas yield”

Al MansurFounder of

Baghdad

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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258

• Golden Age of Islam• Major achievements in science, math,

medicine, art, literature• Translation Movement: Greek texts translated

into Arabic• Baghdad became major trade center of the

world

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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258

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•silk, porcelain, and paper from China•sugar, spices, precious metals from India •ivory, gold, and black slaves from Africa •jewels and wool from Turkey•pearls from Arabia•furs and white slaves from Russia. •taxes from all over the empire

Other Events

• 1055-Turks invaded Baghdad from CA–Converted to Islam and kept Abbasid rulers–AKA Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks

• 1099-Christian armies invaded from WE and conquered Jerusalem–Muslims and Christians fought over control

of Jerusalem for the next 300 yrs. in wars called the Crusades

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Other Events

• 1216-Mongols invaded ME from CA– Led by Ghenghis Khan–Converted to Islam and created the world’s

largest empire ever

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Delhi Sultanate, 1100-1398

• Muslim empire in India

• Capital city at Delhi• Many Muslims

moved from Baghdad to Delhi to escape Mongol invasions

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Delhi Sultanate, 1100-1398

• Trade increased between the ME and SEA• Cultural Diffusion—–Many Hindus converted to Islam to escape

the caste system–Urdu: new language combined Arabic and

Hindi– Sikhism: new religion combined Islam and

Hinduism

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