Major Battles of the Civil War 1861-1865. The Tale of the Tape NamesNorth, Federal, UnionSouth, Confederate, Rebel ColorBlueGray CapitalWashington, D.C.Richmond,

Major Battles Major Battles of of

the Civil the Civil WarWar

1861-18651861-1865

The Tale of the TapeThe Tale of the Tape

Names North, Federal, Union South, Confederate, Rebel

Color Blue Gray

Capital Washington, D.C. Richmond, VA

States 23, plus the territories11 States

13 stars in flag (1 each for Missouri and Kentucky)

Population 22 million 9 million (3.5 million slaves)

FinancialResources

75% of nation’s resources;wealth invested in industry

25% of nation’s resources; wealth in land and slaves

LeadershipStrong Political;

weak militaryStrong Military;Weak political

Industry 92% 8%

MotivationInitially: Preserve the Union Later: ending slavery added

Defend homes and land;Preserve Southern way of life

Ft. Sumter and the Ft. Sumter and the beginning of hostilitiesbeginning of hostilities

► Confederacy called Confederacy called for the Federal for the Federal Government to turn Government to turn over control of over control of federally held fortsfederally held forts

► Lincoln refused and Lincoln refused and attempted to attempted to resupply Ft. Sumter resupply Ft. Sumter in Charleston, S.C., in Charleston, S.C., with foodwith food

► On April 12, 1861, On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired Confederate forces fired on the fort effectively on the fort effectively beginning the Civil Warbeginning the Civil War

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Date StateLeaders

N/S

Victor & importance of outcome

April 12, 1861

South Carolina

AndersonAnderson

BeauregarBeauregardd

Confederate victory

led to Lincoln calling for 75,000 militiamen for 90 days

Began the war

Blockade the Confederate coastlineBlockade the Confederate coastline

Control the Mississippi Control the Mississippi RiverRiver

Capture RichmondCapture Richmond

Naming of Armies and Battles

► The Union named The Union named its armies and its armies and many battles after many battles after bodies of waterbodies of water

► The Confederates The Confederates named its armies named its armies by region and by region and battles by battles by city/towncity/town

Army of the PotomacArmy of the Potomac

Army of the TennesseeArmy of the Tennessee

Army of the OhioArmy of the Ohio

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

Army of Northern Army of Northern VirginiaVirginia

Army of TennesseeArmy of Tennessee

Army of the NorthwestArmy of the Northwest

Battle of ManassasBattle of Manassas

Battle of ShaprsburgBattle of Shaprsburg

Lincoln calls for volunteersLincoln calls for volunteers

► April 15, 1861, Lincoln April 15, 1861, Lincoln called for 75,000 called for 75,000 volunteers from the volunteers from the states to serve for 90 states to serve for 90 days to put down the days to put down the rebellionrebellion

► This lead to the This lead to the secession of Virginia, secession of Virginia, N.C., Arkansas and N.C., Arkansas and TennesseeTennessee

Lincoln offers Lee commandLincoln offers Lee command► Winfield Scott Winfield Scott

suggested to suggested to President Lincoln President Lincoln that Robert E Lee that Robert E Lee should be chosen to should be chosen to lead the Federal lead the Federal forcesforces

► Lee was called to Lee was called to Washington and Washington and offered the offered the command, which he command, which he turned downturned down

► ““I shall never bear I shall never bear arms against the arms against the Union, but it may be Union, but it may be necessary for me to necessary for me to carry a musket in carry a musket in the defense of my the defense of my native state, native state, Virginia.”Virginia.”

– – Robert E LeeRobert E Lee

“Lee, you have made the greatest mistake of your life...” – Winfield Scott

George George McClellanMcClellan

Ulysses S Grant Joseph HookerJoseph HookerAmbrose Ambrose BurnsideBurnside

George MeadeGeorge Meade

Union army in the east, responsible for guarding Washington, D.C. and

attacking Richmond, Virginia

Army of the PotomacArmy of the Potomac

James Longstreet

P.G.T. Beauregard

Joseph Johnston

Robert E LeeStonewall Jackson

Army of Northern VirginiaArmy of Northern VirginiaConfederate army in the east,

responsible for defending Richmond

First Battle of Bull RunBattle of ManassasBattle of Manassas

Date Date StateState Leaders N/S Leaders N/S Victor & Victor &

importance of importance of outcomeoutcome

July 21, 1861

Virginia

Irvin McDowell

P.G.T. P.G.T. BeauregardBeauregard

Confederate victory – increased southern morale

led to the Union army ask for 500,000 volunteers

Both sides realized it would not be short war

Ruins of a stone bridge over Bull Run Creek

First Battle of Bull Run

ShilohShilohPittsburg LandingPittsburg Landing

Date StateLeaders

N/S


April April

6 - 7, 6 - 7, 1862 1862

TennesseTennesseee

Ulysses S Ulysses S GrantGrant

Albert Albert Sidney Sidney

JohnstonJohnston

Union victoryUnion victory

Johnston killedJohnston killed

Union control Union control of Tennessee of Tennessee River River

Grant brings Grant brings attention to attention to himself with himself with victory (good victory (good and bad)and bad)

Seven Days (The Peninsula Campaign)

Date Date StateState Leaders Leaders N/S N/S

Victor & Victor & importance of importance of

outcome outcome

June 25 to

July 1, 1862

Virginia


Robert E. Robert E. LeeLee

Confederate victory

Richmond(Confederate capital) saved


Victor & Victor & importance of importance of

outcome outcome

August 29-30, 1862

Virginia

John PopeJohn Pope

Stonewall Stonewall JacksonJackson

Confederate victory

regained control of most of Virginia

Lee decides to invade the Union

Second Battle of Bull RunSecond Battle of Bull RunSecond ManassasSecond Manassas

Cavalry crossing Bull Run Creek

AntietamSharpsburg

Date StateLeaders

N/S

Victor & importance of

outcome

Sept 17,

1862

Maryland


Robert E Robert E LeeLee

Military draw; seen as political victory for Union

Bloodiest day of the war– 25,000 casualties

McClellan forced to resign

led to Emancipation Proclamation

Antietam Creek Bridge 1862

Dunker Church (present day memorial and with dead Union & Confederates after 9/17/1862)

FredericksburgFredericksburg

Date StateLeaders

N/S


outcome

Dec 13, 1862

Virginia

Ambrose Ambrose BurnsideBurnside


Confederate victory

stops final Union advance of 1862

Looking across the Rappahannock River from the direction of the Union attack on Fredericksburg. Confederate forces had destroyed the bridges to make the crossing more difficult for the Union.

Union artillery at Fredericksburg

ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville


Victor & Victor & importance of importance of outcome outcome

May 2 to

May 4 1863

Virginia

Joseph Joseph HookerHooker


Confederate victory

Lee soundly beat an army that outnumbered him 2:1

Stonewall Jackson killed

The Death of Stonewall The Death of Stonewall JacksonJackson

► After the first day of fighting, Jackson was shot by friendly fire while returning to camp.

► Jackson lost his left arm from his wound and it was buried near Chancellorsville; he died a 8 days later on, May 10, from his wounds

► With Stonewall Jackson’s death, Lee lost one of his best generals.

► Lee: “I have lost my right arm, and I am bleeding at the heart”

Siege of VicksburgSiege of Vicksburg

Date StateLeaders

N/S


outcome

May 18 to

July 4, 1863

Mississippi


John John PembertonPemberton

Union victory

Union control of Mississippi River

(fulfilled a major part of the Anaconda Plan)

GettysburgGettysburg

Date StateLeaders

N/S


outcome

July 1 - 3, 1863

Pennsylvania

George George MeadeMeade


Union victory, over 43,000 casualties

Bloodiest battle of the war

the South would never invade North again

Gettysburg Gettysburg Day 1Day 1

► Skirmishes begin North of town as advanced scouting parties of the two armies converge

► Lee knows he needs to control the high ground. He orders General Ewell to take Culp’s Hill “If Practicable…”

► Ewell decides it is not practicable, and the Union controls the high ground

► The Union army forms a fishhook defensive position

► Confederates under James Longstreet attack the Southern en of the fishhook along the hills Round Top and Little Round Top

► Joshua Chamberlain’s 20th Maine defends Little Round Top preventing the Confederates from destroying the Union line


Charge of the 20Charge of the 20thth Maine – Little Round Maine – Little Round TopTop

Reenactment of Pickett’s Charge on the 3rd day of Gettysburg

Confederate Sharpshooter killed at Confederate Sharpshooter killed at Devil’s DenDevil’s Den

► Lee’s last ditch effort to win the battle and perhaps the war

► George Pickett’s Division is ordered to attack the Union line in what is known as “Pickett’s Charge”

► The attack fails and Pickett’s Division is wiped out

► Lee retreats, never to invade the North again. The bloodiest battle of the war is over


Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge

ChattanoogaChattanooga

Date StateLeaders

N/S


Nov 23to

Nov 25 1863

Tennessee


Braxton Braxton Bragg Bragg

Union victory

forced Confederate withdrawal from Tennessee

The WildernessThe Wilderness

Date StateLeaders

N/S


May 4 – 6, 1864

Virginia



Confederate victory

Union did not retreat and kept pressing Lee

The Atlanta CampaignThe Atlanta Campaign

Date StateLeaders

N/S


outcome

July 16 – Sept 2, 1864

Georgia

William William ShermanSherman

John Bell John Bell HoodHood

Union victory

captured the “heart of the South”

launched the “march to the sea”

Use of “total war”

"I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of "I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns and plenty of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton." - William Sherman to Abraham Lincolncotton." - William Sherman to Abraham Lincoln

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

Siege of PetersburgSiege of Petersburg

Date StateLeaders

N/S


outcome

June 15,1864 –

April 2, 1865

Virginia



Union victory

open the door to Richmond

led to Lee’s surrender

Union trenches at the siege of PetersburgUnion trenches at the siege of Petersburg

Union created “crater”Union created “crater”

Lee surrenders to Grant Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

April 9, 1965

Documents

Major Battles of the Civil War 1861-1865. The Tale of the Tape NamesNorth, Federal, UnionSouth, Confederate, Rebel ColorBlueGray CapitalWashington, D.C.Richmond,