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MAJ GEN(DR) B. NAGARAJANMAJ GEN(DR) B. NAGARAJANADDITIONAL SURVEYOR GENERALADDITIONAL SURVEYOR GENERAL
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SURVEYING & MAPPINGSURVEY OF INDIA
INDIAN GEODETIC INDIAN GEODETIC DATUMS– HORIZONTAL AND DATUMS– HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICALVERTICAL
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
NEW MAPPING POLICYNEW MAPPING POLICY
VERTICAL DATUMVERTICAL DATUM
MAP PROJECTIONSMAP PROJECTIONS
DISCUSSIONSDISCUSSIONS
EARTH AS WE SEE FROM EARTH AS WE SEE FROM SPACESPACE
ACTUAL SHAPE OF EARTH
Geoid Best Fitting Local ellipsoid and Geocentric Ellipsoid
INDIA
NN
CG
P(X,Y,Z) (,,h)
CG
Geoid
Geocentric & Locally Best Fitting Ellipsoids
Yw
Xw
Zw
Globally Fitting Ellipsoid
Ye
Ze
Xe
Locally Best Fitting Ellipsoid
Translations - x, y, zRotations - x, y, zScale - s
Representation of a pointRepresentation of a point
Horizontal : EllipsoidHorizontal : Ellipsoid
Vertical : GeoidVertical : Geoid
Relationships between the earth's surface, the geoid and a reference
ellipsoid
PRESENT COORDINATE PRESENT COORDINATE SYSTEM IN USESYSTEM IN USE
EVEREST ELLIPSOIDEVEREST ELLIPSOID
Everest is a Locally best fitting ellipsoid.Everest is a Locally best fitting ellipsoid. In India the horizontal co-ordinates are In India the horizontal co-ordinates are
computed on the Everest Spheroid.computed on the Everest Spheroid. Semi-major axis is having an error of 1 km.Semi-major axis is having an error of 1 km. Origin of the co-ordinates has been taken as Origin of the co-ordinates has been taken as
Kalianpur. Kalianpur.
The system which is truly universal is satellite The system which is truly universal is satellite based, as Global Positioning System (GPS). based, as Global Positioning System (GPS).
This is Geo-centric EllipsoidThis is Geo-centric Ellipsoid. .
GLOBALLY ACCEPTED DATUMGLOBALLY ACCEPTED DATUM
Need of Switchover Need of Switchover from EVEREST to from EVEREST to WGS-84 EllipsoidWGS-84 Ellipsoid
Use of GPS becomes easier as its co-ordinates are Use of GPS becomes easier as its co-ordinates are referred to in WGS -84.referred to in WGS -84.
Updation of maps using Satellite Imageries like that Updation of maps using Satellite Imageries like that from IRS, IKONOS, Quick Bird etc. becomes easier as from IRS, IKONOS, Quick Bird etc. becomes easier as the satellite parameters are also referred to in the satellite parameters are also referred to in geocentric reference frame.geocentric reference frame.
Open Series maps being published by SOI are based Open Series maps being published by SOI are based on WGS-84 ellipsoid on UTM projection.on WGS-84 ellipsoid on UTM projection.
Observations using satellite missions like Galileo, Observations using satellite missions like Galileo, Glonass can also be made use of.Glonass can also be made use of.
All the guided missile systems, latest state-of-the-art All the guided missile systems, latest state-of-the-art weaponry are based on geocentric co-ordinate weaponry are based on geocentric co-ordinate system, it becomes mandatory for us also to switch system, it becomes mandatory for us also to switch over to similar co-ordinate system.over to similar co-ordinate system.
METHODS TO REALISE GEOCENTRIC METHODS TO REALISE GEOCENTRIC CO-ORDINATESCO-ORDINATES1. Using Transformation Parameters1. Using Transformation Parameters2. Redefining and Transforming Horizontal Datum2. Redefining and Transforming Horizontal Datum3. Re-observing in Entirely New co-ordinate System 3. Re-observing in Entirely New co-ordinate System (ITRF) (ITRF)
Using Transformation ParametersUsing Transformation Parameters
Already available co-ordinates in Everest Already available co-ordinates in Everest Spheroid can be transformed to WGS-84 by Spheroid can be transformed to WGS-84 by using transformation parameters, already using transformation parameters, already determined.determined.
These transformed co-ordinates will be These transformed co-ordinates will be suitable only for Mapping on small scale like suitable only for Mapping on small scale like 1:25,000 or 1: 50,000 scales.1:25,000 or 1: 50,000 scales.
Using this technique switching over to WGS-Using this technique switching over to WGS-84 co-ordinate system can be completed by 84 co-ordinate system can be completed by mid of year 2007.mid of year 2007.
Redefining and transforming Horizontal DatumRedefining and transforming Horizontal Datum
2 D adjustment of the horizontal datum is 2 D adjustment of the horizontal datum is already over.already over.
This data coupled with deflection of vertical This data coupled with deflection of vertical and GPS data (WGS-84 co-ordinates) will be and GPS data (WGS-84 co-ordinates) will be used for redefining horizontal datum. e.g., used for redefining horizontal datum. e.g., NAD-27 to NAD-83.NAD-27 to NAD-83.
For this training of SOI personnel on software For this training of SOI personnel on software already available in any advance country will already available in any advance country will be required. be required.
Time required to complete the job will by the Time required to complete the job will by the end of year 2007.end of year 2007.
Re-observing in entirely new system (WGS-84)Re-observing in entirely new system (WGS-84)
For GCP Library, 300 stations with Primary Control For GCP Library, 300 stations with Primary Control will be available only by 2006.will be available only by 2006.
The Primary Control will be densified further by The Primary Control will be densified further by establishing 2200 stations.establishing 2200 stations.
This data will be adjusted and then made available This data will be adjusted and then made available for mapping purposes.for mapping purposes.
Process is time consuming.Process is time consuming. This also depends on the availability of Funds. This also depends on the availability of Funds. Advantage of old available data will not be utilised.Advantage of old available data will not be utilised. Time required to complete the job will be next 8-10 Time required to complete the job will be next 8-10
yearsyears
GCP LIBRARYGCP LIBRARY
DIEGO GARCIA
LHASA
ANKARA
Sl. No.
NAME OF GEO-SPATIAL DATA CENTRE
LOCAL ADDRESS OF THE CONCERNED GDC NO. OF
GCP'S
1. ANDHRA PRADESH SURVEY OF INDIA, CST & MP campus, Uppal,HYDERABAD-500039
Fax: 040-27206064 & 27200359E-mail : [email protected]
22
2. ASSAM & NAGALAND SURVEY OF INDIA,GANESHGURI,CHARIALIGUWAHATI-781006
Fax-0361-2261725E-mail : [email protected]
10
3. BIHAR SURVEY OF INDIA,Ramnagar House,Anandpuri West,Boring Canal Road,
PATNA-800001Fax-0612-2271780
E-mail : [email protected]
09
4. CHHATTISGARH SURVEY OF INDIA,Idgah Bhata,near water Tank,P.O. Sundernagar
RAIPUR-492001Fax-0771-2227250
E-mail : [email protected]
09
5. GUJARAT,DAMAN & DIU SURVEY OF INDIA, Motor Bales & Service Building, Ashram Road,AHMEDABAD-380009
Fax-079-26576696E-mail : [email protected]
22
GCP LIBRARY ON WEBSITE OF GCP LIBRARY ON WEBSITE OF GEODETIC & RESEARCH BRANCHGEODETIC & RESEARCH BRANCH
http://www.gandrb.inhttp://www.gandrb.in
Kokrajhar Guwahati
ChariduarrGolaghat
Sibsagar
Tinsukia
Lumding
Silchar
Tuensang
Kohima
TUENSANGLATITUDE: 26° 14' 06"LONGITUDE: 94° 47' 46"
DESCRIPTION A brass punched on an iron angle fixed in a concrete pillar of 1ft. x 1ft. and 0.5 m above the ground level. The GCP pillar is situated inside the campus of 3rd Battalion, Nagaland Armed Police, Tuensang, Kohima. It is situated at the south eastpart on top of a hillock and extremr southern end of the playground and 18 m west of the south east corner of the unit High School. It is best approachable from north side of the playground. The GCP pillar falls in the town of Tuensang,District Tuensang,Nagaland state. Ration,Transport, Medical,water and camping facilities are available near the GCP pillar.
SKETCH
NEW MAPPING POLICYNEW MAPPING POLICY Open Series MapsOpen Series Maps Defence Series MapsDefence Series Maps Switchover from Everest Co-ordinate Switchover from Everest Co-ordinate
System to Geocentric Co-ordinate System to Geocentric Co-ordinate System (ITRF). ITRF / GRS 80 ellipsoid.System (ITRF). ITRF / GRS 80 ellipsoid.
Survey of India took a conscious Survey of India took a conscious decision to go for Geocentric decision to go for Geocentric Reference Frame.Reference Frame.
OSM Series:OSM Series: Polyconic / Everest Polyconic / Everest UTM / WGS84 UTM / WGS84
DSM Series:DSM Series: Polyconic / Everest Polyconic / Everest LCC / WGS84 LCC / WGS84
OSM Series:OSM Series: Polyconic / Everest Polyconic / Everest UTM / WGS84 UTM / WGS84
DSM Series:DSM Series: Polyconic / Everest Polyconic / Everest LCC / WGS84 LCC / WGS84
VERTICAL DATUMVERTICAL DATUM
CHANDIPUR
NIZAMPATNAM
PONDICHERRY
RAMESHWARAM
KANNIYAKUMARI
ANDROTH
BEYPORE
JAIGARH
MAGDALLAVERAVAL
AERIAL BAY
CAMPBELL BAY
EXISTING TIDE GAUGE STATIONS
PROPOSED TIDE GAUGE STATIONS
GARDEN REACH
DIAMOND HARBOUR
HALDIA
SAGAR
ENNORE
EXISTING & PROPOSEDEXISTING & PROPOSED
WAVEWAVE
NEW GENERATION WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMNEW GENERATION WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
BENCH MARKBENCH MARK
TIDE POLE ZEROTIDE POLE ZERO
HEIGHT OF BENCH HEIGHT OF BENCH MARK ABOVE TIDEPOLE MARK ABOVE TIDEPOLE ZEROZERO
LOW WATERLOW WATER
HIGH WATERHIGH WATER
MEAN SEA LEVELMEAN SEA LEVEL
HEIGHT OF BENCH HEIGHT OF BENCH MARK ABOVE MARK ABOVE
MEAN SEA LEVELMEAN SEA LEVEL
HEIGHT OF HEIGHT OF BED PLATE BED PLATE
ABOVE ABOVE ZERO OF ZERO OF
TIDE TIDE GAUGEGAUGEWAVEWAVE
NEW GENERATION WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMNEW GENERATION WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
BENCH MARKBENCH MARK
HEIGHT OF BENCH HEIGHT OF BENCH MARK ABOVE TIDE MARK ABOVE TIDE GAUGE ZEROGAUGE ZERO
LOW WATERLOW WATER
HIGH WATERHIGH WATER
MEAN SEA LEVELMEAN SEA LEVEL
HEIGHT OF BENCH HEIGHT OF BENCH MARK ABOVE MARK ABOVE
MEAN SEA LEVELMEAN SEA LEVEL
BEDPLATEBEDPLATE
ZERO OF PRESSURE SENSORZERO OF PRESSURE SENSOR
PRESSURE SENSOR PRESSURE SENSOR TIDE GAUGETIDE GAUGE
FLOAT TYPE FLOAT TYPE TIDE GAUGETIDE GAUGE
STILLING WELLSTILLING WELL
OBSERVATIONS USING AUTOMATIC TIDE
GAUGES
Data ExtractionData Extraction
MEAN SEA LEVEL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0.0 m
1.0 m
2.0 m
3.0 m
4.0 m
TIME (Hour)
HEIG
HT
CHART DATUM
N + H = h
N – IS THE GEOIDAL SEPARATION WHICH VARIES
H – IS ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHT
h – IS THE ELLIPSOID ELEVATION
To Convert h to H you need N. The Accuracy of Elevations Depend on how well you know N.
EARTH SURFACE
GEOID
ELLIPSOID
h
H
H
hN
N
GEOID UNDULATION MAP OF INDIA
GEOID UNDULATION COMPUTED USING OSU 91A MODEL USING ONLY UPTO DEGREE 100 COEFFICIENTS
UNDULATIONS REFER TO GRS 80 REFERENCE ELLIPSOID
MSL
H1H2
h1
h2
h2 > h1
H1 > H2
AB
MSL & Ellipsoidal Heights
ELLIPSOID
Heights by Satellite Altimeter is Ellipsoidal Height
ProjectionProjection Transformation of Three Dimensional Space Transformation of Three Dimensional Space
onto a two dimensional maponto a two dimensional map A systematic arrangement of intersecting lines A systematic arrangement of intersecting lines
on a plane that represent and have a one to one on a plane that represent and have a one to one correspondence to the meridians and parallels correspondence to the meridians and parallels on the datum surfaceon the datum surface
ClassificationClassification
A) Based on Extrinsic propertyA) Based on Extrinsic property Nature:Nature:
• Plane, Cone, CylinderPlane, Cone, Cylinder Coincidence:Coincidence:
• Tangent, Secant, PolysuperficialTangent, Secant, Polysuperficial Position:Position:
• Normal, Transverse, ObliqueNormal, Transverse, Oblique
B) Based on Intrinsic PropertyB) Based on Intrinsic Property Property of Projection:Property of Projection:
• EquidistantEquidistant• Conformal or OrthomorphicConformal or Orthomorphic• Equivalent or Equal areaEquivalent or Equal area
Generation:Generation:• Geometric, Semi Geometric, MathematicalGeometric, Semi Geometric, Mathematical
ClassificationClassification contd. contd.
Azimuthal ProjectionsAzimuthal Projections
Cylindrical ProjectionsCylindrical Projections
Tangent
Oblique
Transverse
Secant
Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
Cylindrical Map ProjectionsCylindrical Map Projections
Cylindrical map projections are made by Cylindrical map projections are made by projecting from the globe onto the surface projecting from the globe onto the surface of an enclosing cylinder, and then of an enclosing cylinder, and then unwrapping the cylinder to make a flat unwrapping the cylinder to make a flat surfacesurface• MercatorMercator• Transverse MercatorTransverse Mercator• Cassini-SoldnerCassini-Soldner
Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection
Cylindrical, ConformalCylindrical, Conformal Meridians are equally spaced straight linesMeridians are equally spaced straight lines Parallels are unequally spaced straight Parallels are unequally spaced straight
lineslines Scale is true along the equatorScale is true along the equator Great distortion of area in polar regionGreat distortion of area in polar region Used for navigationUsed for navigation
REGULAR CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION:
THE MERCATOR
Transverse Mercator ProjectionTransverse Mercator Projection Cylindrical (Transverse)Cylindrical (Transverse) ConformalConformal Central meridian and equator are straight Central meridian and equator are straight
lineslines Other meridians and parallels are complex Other meridians and parallels are complex
curvescurves Used extensively for quadrangle maps at Used extensively for quadrangle maps at
scales from 1:24,000 to 1:250,000scales from 1:24,000 to 1:250,000 For areas with larger north-south extent For areas with larger north-south extent
than east-west extentthan east-west extent
TRANSVERSE CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION:
THE TRANSVERSE MERCATOR
Cassini- Soldener ProjectionCassini- Soldener Projection
Cylindrical, Tangent, TransverseCylindrical, Tangent, Transverse EquidistantEquidistant Cylinder is tangent along the meridian centrally Cylinder is tangent along the meridian centrally
locatedlocated Scale deteriorates away from central meridianScale deteriorates away from central meridian Normally used in 70 km belt from the central Normally used in 70 km belt from the central
meridian, as linear distortion factor at 70 km is meridian, as linear distortion factor at 70 km is 1.000061.00006
Used for old cadastral surveys in India.Used for old cadastral surveys in India.
CASSINI-SOLDENER PROJECTION
Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
For a conic projection, the projection For a conic projection, the projection surface is cone shapedsurface is cone shaped
Locations are projected onto the surface Locations are projected onto the surface
of the cone which is then unwrapped and of the cone which is then unwrapped and laid flatlaid flat
LCC PROJECTION
Lambert Conformal Conic ProjectionLambert Conformal Conic Projection Conical, ConformalConical, Conformal Parallels are concentric arcsParallels are concentric arcs Meridians are straight lines cutting parallels at Meridians are straight lines cutting parallels at
right angles.right angles. Scale is true along two standard parallels, Scale is true along two standard parallels,
normally, or along just one.normally, or along just one. It projects a great circle as a straight line – much It projects a great circle as a straight line – much
better than Mercatorbetter than Mercator Used for maps of countries and regions with Used for maps of countries and regions with
predominant east west expansepredominant east west expanse Used for plane coordinate system (SPCS) in Used for plane coordinate system (SPCS) in
USAUSA
LCC PROJECTION
Three partial equidistant conic maps, each based on a different standard parallel, therefore wrapped on a different tangent cone (shown on the right with a quarter removed plus tangency parallels). When the number of cones increases to infinity, each strip infinitesimally narrow, the result is a continuous polyconic projection
Polyconic ProjectionPolyconic Projection
In this projection all parallels are projected In this projection all parallels are projected without any distortionwithout any distortion
Scale is exact along each parallel and central Scale is exact along each parallel and central meridian.meridian.
Parallels are arcs of circles but are not Parallels are arcs of circles but are not concentric.concentric.
It is neither conformal nor equal area.It is neither conformal nor equal area.
Central meridian and equator are straight lines; Central meridian and equator are straight lines; all other meridians are curves.all other meridians are curves.
Central Meridian cuts all parallels at 90 degreesCentral Meridian cuts all parallels at 90 degrees Free of distortion only along the central Free of distortion only along the central
meridian.meridian. It has rolling fit with adjacent sheets in EW It has rolling fit with adjacent sheets in EW
direction.direction. Used in India for all topographical mapping on Used in India for all topographical mapping on
1:250,000 and larger scales.1:250,000 and larger scales.
Polyconic Projection contd.Polyconic Projection contd.
Azimuthal ProjectionsAzimuthal Projections
For an azimuthal, or planar projection, For an azimuthal, or planar projection, locations are projected forward onto a flat locations are projected forward onto a flat plane.plane.
The normal aspect for these projections is The normal aspect for these projections is the North or South Pole.the North or South Pole.
Scale Error = True Distance – Grid DistanceScale Error = True Distance – Grid Distance
Grid Distance = True Distance * Scale FactorGrid Distance = True Distance * Scale Factor
Scale Error for Lambert Grid = 1 / 824Scale Error for Lambert Grid = 1 / 824
Scale Factor = 1 – 1 / 824 = 823 / 824 = 0.99878 Scale Factor = 1 – 1 / 824 = 823 / 824 = 0.99878
False Northing and False EastingFalse Northing and False Easting
Calculating coordinates is easier if Calculating coordinates is easier if negative number aren’t involved.negative number aren’t involved.
State Plane and Universal transverse State Plane and Universal transverse Mercator coordinatesMercator coordinates
Expressed in coordinate units, not Expressed in coordinate units, not degrees.degrees.
SPECIFYING AN ORIGIN SHIFT:
THE FALSE EASTING AND FALSE NORTHING
Universal Transverse MercatorUniversal Transverse Mercator
Particular case of Transverse Mercator Projection.Particular case of Transverse Mercator Projection. The earth between latitudes 84The earth between latitudes 84 N and 80 N and 80 S, is S, is
divided into 60, 6divided into 60, 6 wide; wide; Latitude origin – the equatorLatitude origin – the equator Assumed (false) northing (y): 0 metres for northern Assumed (false) northing (y): 0 metres for northern
hemisphere; 10,000,000 metres for southern hemisphere; 10,000,000 metres for southern hemispherehemisphere
Assumed (false) easting (x): 500,000 metres; scale Assumed (false) easting (x): 500,000 metres; scale factor at the central meridian: 0.9996factor at the central meridian: 0.9996
Universal Polar Stereographic Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS)(UPS)
Defined above 84 degrees north latitude Defined above 84 degrees north latitude and 80 degree southand 80 degree south
ConformalConformal Meridians are straight linesMeridians are straight lines Parallels are circlesParallels are circles Scale increases from center pointScale increases from center point Used in conformal mapping of polar Used in conformal mapping of polar
regionsregions
State Plane CoordinatesState Plane Coordinates
Lambert Conformal Conic Projections are Lambert Conformal Conic Projections are used for rectangular zones with a larger used for rectangular zones with a larger east-west than north south extent.east-west than north south extent.
Transverse Mercator projections are used Transverse Mercator projections are used to define zones with a larger north-south to define zones with a larger north-south extent.extent.
One State Plane zone in Alaska uses an One State Plane zone in Alaska uses an oblique Mercator projection.oblique Mercator projection.
Projection ParametersProjection Parameters
To define the coordinate system To define the coordinate system completely, it is not sufficient simply to completely, it is not sufficient simply to name the kind of projection used, it is also name the kind of projection used, it is also necessary to specify the projection necessary to specify the projection parameters.parameters.
The set of parameters required depends The set of parameters required depends on the kind of projection.on the kind of projection.
The central meridian of the projection for The central meridian of the projection for cylindrical, where it touches the ellipsoid cylindrical, where it touches the ellipsoid surface.surface.
Projection ParametersProjection Parameters contd.contd.
The standard parallel(s) for conic The standard parallel(s) for conic projections.projections.
The false easting and false northingThe false easting and false northing The unitsThe units Reference ellipsoidReference ellipsoid
Choosing a map ProjectionChoosing a map Projection The choice of map projection is made The choice of map projection is made
to give the most accurate possible to give the most accurate possible representation of the geographic representation of the geographic information, given that some information, given that some distortion is inevitable. The choice distortion is inevitable. The choice depends on:depends on:
The locationThe location ShapeShape Size of the region to be mappedSize of the region to be mapped The theme or purpose of the mapThe theme or purpose of the map
MODERNISATION OF INDIAN MODERNISATION OF INDIAN TIDE-GAUGE NETWORKTIDE-GAUGE NETWORK
INDIAN TIDE-GAUGE INDIAN TIDE-GAUGE NETWORKNETWORK
GPS receivers are being deployed to GPS receivers are being deployed to segregate the sea level rise from that of segregate the sea level rise from that of possible subsidence or upheaval of the land possible subsidence or upheaval of the land mass.mass.
Both tidal and GPS data are being transmitted Both tidal and GPS data are being transmitted in real time from the remote locations and in real time from the remote locations and received through dedicated VSAT network, at received through dedicated VSAT network, at the central hub installed at National Tidal the central hub installed at National Tidal Data Centre (NTDC) / National GPS Data Data Centre (NTDC) / National GPS Data Centre located at Geodetic & Research Centre located at Geodetic & Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehra Dun.Branch, Survey of India, Dehra Dun.
A 5.2 m VSAT antenna A 5.2 m VSAT antenna has been installed at has been installed at National Tidal Data National Tidal Data Centre, Dehradun to Centre, Dehradun to receive tidal and GPS receive tidal and GPS data on real time. Tide data on real time. Tide gauge stations has been gauge stations has been provided with 2.4 m provided with 2.4 m VSAT antennas for VSAT antennas for transmission of this transmission of this data. Redundant power data. Redundant power supply through UPS has supply through UPS has also been arranged. also been arranged.
GPS data is being encrypted at GPS data is being encrypted at remote locations (Tidal remote locations (Tidal Observatories) and decrypted at Observatories) and decrypted at central hub.central hub.
Tidal and GPS data are being Tidal and GPS data are being analysed in the real time to analysed in the real time to identify any possible signatures identify any possible signatures related to the tsunami and storm related to the tsunami and storm surge.surge.
DISASTER CONTROL STATION TSUNAMI WARNING
GPS ANTENNA
SOLAR PANEL
SATELLITE
NATIONAL TIDAL DATA CENTRE
VSAT ANTENNA
JETTY
NATIONAL GPS DATA CENTRE
TIDE GAUGE
GPS RECEIVER
REAL TIME DATA TRANSMISSION REAL TIME DATA TRANSMISSION FROM TIDE GAUGE STATIONFROM TIDE GAUGE STATION
VSAT ANTENNA
TIDE GAUGE STATIONTIDE GAUGE STATION
STILLING WELL
(1) Paradip(2) Visakhapatnam(3) Tuticorin(4) Cochin(5) Port Blair(6) Kandla(7) Ennore(8) Marmagao(9) Kavaratti(10) Haldia(11) Machilipatnam(12) Chennai(13) Nancowry(14) Minicoy
Phase – I (Completed)
Phase – II (Completed)
(1) Vadinar(2) Okha(3) Porbandar(4) Veraval(5) JNPT(6) Karwar(7) New Mangalore(8) Campbell Bay(9) Aerial Bay(10) Hugli Point
Phase – III (1) Garden Reach(2) Nagapattinam(3) Krishnapatnam(4) Kakinada(5) Androth(6) Gopalpur(7) Cuddalore(8) Kanyakumari(9) Rameshwaram(10) Beypore(11) Jaigarh(12) Sagar
Sl. No.Sl. No. PORT NAMEPORT NAME VSATVSAT PTGPTG GPSGPS CTGCTG NIOT-PTGNIOT-PTG
11 MarmagaoMarmagao
22 VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam
33 ParadipParadip
44 CochinCochin
55 Port BlairPort Blair
66 KandlaKandla
77 EnnoreEnnore
88 KavarattiKavaratti
99 TuticorinTuticorin
1010 HaldiaHaldia
1111 MachilipatnamMachilipatnam
1212 ChennaiChennai
1313 NancowryNancowry
1414 MinicoyMinicoy
1515 OkhaOkha
1616 PorbanderPorbander
1717 VeravalVeraval
1818 KarwarKarwar
1919 New MangaloreNew Mangalore
20 20 JNPTJNPT
2121 VadinarVadinar
2222 Campbell BayCampbell Bay
DISCUSSIONSDISCUSSIONS
Email ID: [email protected]
