Maintenance of HR

8/9/2019 Maintenance of HR

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Maintenance of HumanMaintenance of Human

ResourceResource

Abhisheik SharmaAbhisheik Sharma

Strategic HRM.Strategic HRM.


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OHSOHS

Overall Health & Safety MeasuresOverall Health & Safety Measures


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What is Health?What is Health?

Health at the individual employeeHealth at the individual employeelevel is not just the absence of illnesslevel is not just the absence of illness

but also includes positive health orbut also includes positive health oroptimal functioningoptimal functioning


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What is Health Contd.What is Health Contd.

Health at the organizational levelHealth at the organizational levelnow includes human resource factorsnow includes human resource factors

such as turnover rates, the numbersuch as turnover rates, the numberof grievances, and the overall moraleof grievances, and the overall morale

of employees of the organizationof employees of the organization


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The Central Labour Institute.The Central Labour Institute.

Mumbai, 1959.Mumbai, 1959.

Industrial SafetyIndustrial Safety

Industrial HygieneIndustrial Hygiene

Industrial MedicineIndustrial Medicine Industrial PhysiologyIndustrial Physiology

Industrial PsychologyIndustrial Psychology

Industrial ErgonomicsIndustrial Ergonomics EnvironmentalEnvironmental

EngineeringEngineering

Staff TrainingStaff Training

Small Scale IndustriesSmall Scale Industries

ProductivityProductivityMajor Accident HazardsMajor Accident Hazards

ControlControl

Management InformationManagement Information

ServicesServicesSafety and HealthSafety and Health

CommunicationCommunication

Construction SafetyConstruction Safety


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Reasons for Occupational healthReasons for Occupational health

and safetyand safety

MoralMoral -- An employee should not have to risk injury or death atAn employee should not have to risk injury or death atwork, nor should others associated with the work environment.work, nor should others associated with the work environment.

EconomicEconomic -- many governments realize that poor occupationalmany governments realize that poor occupational

health and safety performance results in cost to the State (e.g.health and safety performance results in cost to the State (e.g.through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs forthrough social security payments to the incapacitated, costs formedical treatment, and the loss of the "employability" of themedical treatment, and the loss of the "employability" of theworker). Employing organizations also sustain costs in the event ofworker). Employing organizations also sustain costs in the event ofan incident at work (such as legal fees, fines, compensatoryan incident at work (such as legal fees, fines, compensatory

damages, investigation time, lost production, lost goodwill fromdamages, investigation time, lost production, lost goodwill fromthe workforce, from customers and from the wider community).the workforce, from customers and from the wider community).

LegalLegal -- Occupational requirements may be reinforced in civil lawOccupational requirements may be reinforced in civil lawand/or criminal law; it is accepted that without the extraand/or criminal law; it is accepted that without the extra"encouragement" of potential regulatory action or litigation, many"encouragement" of potential regulatory action or litigation, manyorganisations would not act upon their implied moral obligations.organisations would not act upon their implied moral obligations.


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Legal Aspects Covered in IndiaLegal Aspects Covered in India

The Factories ActThe Factories Act

The Mines ActThe Mines Act

The Workmen's Compensation ActThe Workmen's Compensation Act

The Employee's State Insurance ActThe Employee's State Insurance Act


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The Factories Act, 1948.The Factories Act, 1948.

a social legislation which has been enacted fora social legislation which has been enacted foroccupational safety, health and welfare of workers atoccupational safety, health and welfare of workers atwork places.work places.

for investigation of complaints, serious/fatal accidentsfor investigation of complaints, serious/fatal accidentsas well as suo moto inspections to check complianceas well as suo moto inspections to check complianceof provisions of this Act relating to :of provisions of this Act relating to :--

HealthHealth

SafetySafety

Welfare facilitiesWelfare facilities

Working hoursWorking hours

Employment of young personsEmployment of young persons

Annual Leave with wages etc.Annual Leave with wages etc.


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The Mines and Minerals (Development andThe Mines and Minerals (Development and

Regulation Act, 1957, ('MMDR') and theRegulation Act, 1957, ('MMDR') and the

Mines Act, 1952Mines Act, 1952 An Act to provide for the regulation of mines and theAn Act to provide for the regulation of mines and the

development of minerals under the control of the Union.BEdevelopment of minerals under the control of the Union.BEit enacted by Parliament in the Eighth Year of the Republicit enacted by Parliament in the Eighth Year of the Republicof Indiaof India

Development, Conservation, Concession, Labour Safety,Development, Conservation, Concession, Labour Safety,Taxation & Impact Assesment in Mines, Minerals, Granite,Taxation & Impact Assesment in Mines, Minerals, Granite,Marbles, Stone etc.Marbles, Stone etc.


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Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923

An Act to provide for the payment byAn Act to provide for the payment bycertain classes of employers to theircertain classes of employers to their

workmen of compensation for injury byworkmen of compensation for injury byaccident.accident.

It covers Employers Liability ofIt covers Employers Liability ofCompensation, Amount of Compensation,Compensation, Amount of Compensation,Penalty for default, Notice, Claim, Reports,Penalty for default, Notice, Claim, Reports,Remedies, etc.Remedies, etc.


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The Employees' StateThe Employees' State

Insurance Act, 1948Insurance Act, 1948 "An Act to provide for certain"An Act to provide for certain

benefits to employees in case ofbenefits to employees in case ofsickness, maternity and employmentsickness, maternity and employmentinjury and to make provision forinjury and to make provision forcertain other matters in relationcertain other matters in relationthereto."thereto."

http://esic.nic.in/http://esic.nic.in/


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Rising Health Care InsuranceRising Health Care Insurance

CostsCosts Per capita health care expendituresPer capita health care expenditures

increased between 5% and 9% perincreased between 5% and 9% peryear between 1993 and 2002year between 1993 and 2002

Insurance companies provideInsurance companies provideincentives and support to reduceincentives and support to reduceaccidents and illnessesaccidents and illnesses


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General Workforce TrendsGeneral Workforce Trends

The workforce is becoming older,The workforce is becoming older,includes more women, and isincludes more women, and isethnically and racially diverseethnically and racially diverseaffecting internal health relatedaffecting internal health relatedissuesissues


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Internal FactorsInternal Factors

Internal factors in health and safetyInternal factors in health and safetyinclude:include:

Job stressJob stress SafetySafety

Diversity and discriminationDiversity and discrimination

Sexual harassment, violence, andSexual harassment, violence, and

incivilityincivility


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Job Role StressorsJob Role Stressors

Role ambiguityRole ambiguity -- lack of clarity andlack of clarity andspecificity about ones occupationalspecificity about ones occupationalrole responsibilitiesrole responsibilities

Role conflictRole conflict -- the presence ofthe presence ofcompeting or incompatible rolecompeting or incompatible roledemandsdemands


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Job Stressors ContinuedJob Stressors Continued

Role overloadRole overload -- having too muchhaving too muchwork to do, too little time to do thatwork to do, too little time to do thatwork, and/or not having thework, and/or not having theresources to complete the workresources to complete the workrequiredrequired


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Emerging Job StressorsEmerging Job Stressors

Conflict between work and familyConflict between work and familyrolesroles

Technological advancesTechnological advances may blurmay blurwork and nonwork roleswork and nonwork roles

Increased service industry jobs mayIncreased service industry jobs mayrequire more emotional regulationrequire more emotional regulationdue to frequent customer interactiondue to frequent customer interaction


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SafetySafety

The overall number of occupationalThe overall number of occupationalinjuries and days missed due toinjuries and days missed due toinjuries has declined.injuries has declined.

With the expansion of serviceWith the expansion of service--producing businesses, we have seenproducing businesses, we have seen

an increase in the number of deathsan increase in the number of deathsin the retail and transportationin the retail and transportationindustriesindustries


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How to Improve SafetyHow to Improve Safety

Safety climateSafety climate -- refers to the sharedrefers to the sharedperceptions of an organizationsperceptions of an organizationspolicies, practices, and procedurespolicies, practices, and procedureswith respect to the priority placed onwith respect to the priority placed onsafetysafety

Work designWork design-- creating physicalcreating physical

barriers between employees andbarriers between employees andknown hazardsknown hazards


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Diversity and DiscriminationDiversity and Discrimination

Discrimination is associated withDiscrimination is associated withnegative mental health outcomesnegative mental health outcomes

Diversity can increase stress andDiversity can increase stress andmake communication with coworkersmake communication with coworkers

more difficultmore difficult


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Sexual Harassment, Violence, andSexual Harassment, Violence, and

IncivilityIncivility

Increases in the service industry willIncreases in the service industry willincrease the potential for aggressionincrease the potential for aggressionfrom customersfrom customers

Sexual harassment may lead toSexual harassment may lead topsychological distress and overallpsychological distress and overallhealth issueshealth issues


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HR ResponsesHR Responses

Organizational health and safetyOrganizational health and safetyinterventions can be classified intointerventions can be classified intotwo general categories:two general categories:

Initiatives that reduce and preventInitiatives that reduce and preventstrain and injury from occurring in thestrain and injury from occurring in thefirst placefirst place

Initiatives that help to rehabilitateInitiatives that help to rehabilitateindividuals who have alreadyindividuals who have alreadyexperienced strain and injuryexperienced strain and injury


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Preventative InterventionsPreventative Interventions

Primary interventionsPrimary interventions -- aimed ataimed atreducing or eliminating thereducing or eliminating the sourcesource ofofstrain and risk in the workplace andstrain and risk in the workplace andare targeted at everyoneare targeted at everyone

Secondary interventionsSecondary interventions -- targettargetindividuals that are particularly atindividuals that are particularly at

risk and help them to manage therisk and help them to manage thecauses of stress, strain, and injurycauses of stress, strain, and injury


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Basics of preventive techniquesBasics of preventive techniques

Accident analysisAccident analysis

Monitoring of hazardsMonitoring of hazards Reporting and investigation ofReporting and investigation of

accidentsaccidents

Prevention and control of accidentsPrevention and control of accidents

Ensuring safety measureEnsuring safety measure


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CompensationCompensation

Financial incentives may promoteFinancial incentives may promotesafe behaviors as long as thesafe behaviors as long as theincentive programs are aligned withincentive programs are aligned withother organizational systemsother organizational systems


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HallmarksHallmarks

of a successful Training programof a successful Training program

Strong administrative support.

Sound implementation strategies.

Effective coordination of program components.


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Employee Involvement and JobEmployee Involvement and Job

EnrichmentEnrichment

Organizations can involve theirOrganizations can involve theiremployees in the development andemployees in the development andimplementation of policies andimplementation of policies andpractices related to occupationalpractices related to occupationalhealth and safetyhealth and safety


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Diversity TrainingDiversity Training

Diversity training can be integratedDiversity training can be integratedwith other, more general trainingwith other, more general traininginitiatives such as team building,initiatives such as team building,mentoring programs, andmentoring programs, andmanagement trainingmanagement training


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WorkWork--Life Balance InitiativesLife Balance Initiatives

Flexible work hours and childcareFlexible work hours and childcareassistanceassistance

Flexible leave options that go beyondFlexible leave options that go beyondthe requirements of the FMLAthe requirements of the FMLA


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Safety ManagementSafety Management

Ways to target and prevent injuries:Ways to target and prevent injuries:

Eliminate hazards entirely byEliminate hazards entirely byredesigning jobs such that exposure toredesigning jobs such that exposure tohazards is no longer necessaryhazards is no longer necessary

Block access to hazards that theBlock access to hazards that theorganization cannot eliminateorganization cannot eliminate

Training employees to recognizeTraining employees to recognizehazards and avoid themhazards and avoid them

Transparent & Comlete CommunicationTransparent & Comlete Communication


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HealthPromotionHealthPromotion

Health promotion programs areHealth promotion programs areaimed at increasing positive healthaimed at increasing positive healthbehaviors such as exercise andbehaviors such as exercise andrelaxation techniques, whilerelaxation techniques, whiledecreasing negative health behaviorsdecreasing negative health behaviorssuch as smoking or unhealthy dietssuch as smoking or unhealthy diets


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GuidelinesGuidelines

Conduct Health and Safety AuditsConduct Health and Safety Audits

Incorporate Health and Safety intoIncorporate Health and Safety into

Performance AppraisalsPerformance Appraisals Incorporate Health and Safety intoIncorporate Health and Safety into

Compensation SystemsCompensation Systems


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Guidelines ContinuedGuidelines Continued

Integrate the Health and SafetyIntegrate the Health and SafetyFunctions Within the OrganizationFunctions Within the Organization

Monitor the External Environment forMonitor the External Environment forHealth and Safety IssuesHealth and Safety Issues

Promote the Importance of HealthPromote the Importance of Healthand Safetyand Safety


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ConclusionConclusion

Environmental factors have increasedEnvironmental factors have increasedthe importance of health and safetythe importance of health and safetyin the workplacein the workplace

Organizations have responded withOrganizations have responded withvarious initiativesvarious initiatives

Guidelines have been provided toGuidelines have been provided topromote health and safety in thepromote health and safety in theworkplaceworkplace

Documents

Maintenance of HR