MAGNIFICENT MACHINES - Integrated · PDF fileand complete the table. ... LAWN MOWER. Name: ... HERE IS A DIAGRAM OF MY MACHINE WITH THE PARTS LABELLED MY MACHINE WILL BE CALLED. Name:

MAGNIFICENT MACHINESInteract Discovery Sheets forYears 5-8Science

© 2008 Interact Curriculum Press

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in written form from the publisher.

Interact Curriculum PressP.O. Box 757Whangaparaoa, 0943New Zealand

www.interactcurriculum.comPrinted and bound by CM Digital, Albany, New Zealand

ISBN 978-1-877481-25-3

1

CONTENTS

3 Introduction

5 Focus Question

7 Concept 1.0 - Investigating Machines

8 Levers and Inclined Planes

9 Machines and their Parts

10 Pioneers and Machinery

11 Machine Hunt

12 Machines in My Community

13 Machinery

14 Types of Machines

15 Design-a-Machine

16 Figure it Out

17 Heavy Object Moving Race

18 Simple Machines

19 Solving Problems

20 Nehemiah’s Walls

21 Concept 2.0 - Forces

22 Friction 1

23 Friction 2

24 Friction

25 Concept 3.0 - Energy Transfer

26 Energy

27 Energy from Creation

28 Energy

29 Energy Transfer

30 Contact or Non-contact

31 Working Words

32 Self-evaluation

33 Acknowledgements

MAGNIFICENT MACHINES

3

INTRODUCTION

The Interact Curriculum is based on the idea that education should be about Interaction – interacting with God, the world, and with others. It encourages engaging teaching practice in lessons that develop a range of thinking skills and provide for students with different learning styles. It is our intention to provide a range of resources to assist teachers in their planning and classroom teaching. Interact Discovery Sheets are a reproducible resource to support the companion Interact Teacher Manual. They are not intended to be used as a full programme in their own right. We hope that these Discovery Sheets help you in your teaching this term.

5


Qthe focus question is:

How is energy harnessed for our benefit?

77

Cinvestigating machines

Concepts and scripturesScientists ask questions about how machines work and how to make them work better, and we can also investigate ways of making simple and complex machines

• Levers, wheels and axles, ramps, screws and wedges are simple machines that make work easier

• Complex machines are constructed of more than one simple machine, and can include magnets

• We are commanded to love and serve others. As scientists we can use our understanding of the way things work to serve people and to make the world a better place

Lk 10:27

1.0


Name:© 2008 Interact currIculum press reproducIble by purchaser only

8

Levers and Inclined Planes

Machines make work easier. Do you know that all machines are made up of only two

kinds of simple machine? If you look closely you will see that every machine is made up of

either inclined planes or levers.

Write names of machines in the Venn diagram below.

Machines with levers Machines with inclined planes

3© 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM LIMITED REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Name:

An inclined plane is a plane whose angle to the horizontal is less than

a right angle. It includes ramps and stairs and wedges and screws.

A lever is a stiff bar pivoted about a fulcrum (pivot point) to transfer

a force to a load. Seesaws, wheelbarrows and fishing rods are levers.

Wheels and axles are spinning levers. A pulley is a wheel with a

grooved rim in which a rope can run in order to change the

direction of a force applied to the rope. Gears are levers because

when one side of a gear goes up, the other side goes down.


9Name:C 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

In the appropriate boxes draw the partsyou can find in the machine below.

Machines and their Parts

A FUN MACHINE

WEDGE FULCRUM COG

WHEEL OR AXLE PULLEY RAMP

LEVER SCREW GEARS



Find or draw pictures of machinery.

Pioneers and Machinery

PIONEERS

A lever fordigging

A wedgefor

cutting

A wheel andaxle for

transporting

An inclinedplane for

transporting

NOW


11

This machine is a

It has a lever in it

and works by

Name:C 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM LIMITED REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Go on a hunt to see different machines.Write the name of the machine, what it is made up of

(levers, pulleys etc) and how it works.

Machine Hunt

This machine is a

It has a ramp in it

and works by

This machine is a

It has a screw in it

and works by

This machine is a

It has a wedge in it

and works by

This machine is a

It has a wheel on it

and works by

This machine is a

It has gears on it

and works by



Look at machines in your communityand complete the table.

Machines in My CommunitySA

MPL

E 1

A DIAG

RAM

OF

MY

MAC

HINE

AND

ITS

NAM

E

WHE

RE

THE

MAC

HINE

IS U

SED

PARTS

AND

FEAT

URES

OF

THE

MAC

HINE

HOW

THE

MAC

HINE

HELP

S US

SAMPL

E 2

SAMPL

E 3

SAMPL

E 4


13Name:C 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM LIMITED REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Think about the advantages and disadvantages ofmachinery. Write them in the spaces below. Colour the

advantages blue and the disadvantages red.

Machinery



There are many kinds of machines. They can be grouped assimple machines or complex machines.

Look at the machines around the house and school, and sortthem into the groups. Draw and write the names.

Types of Machines

SIMPLE MACHINES COMPLEX MACHINES

LAWN MOWER


15

My machine will be used at:

My machine will be made up of:

It will work by:

It will be used for:

WORK TO HELP PEOPLETOY TO MAKE LIFE EASIER

HOME SCHOOLBUSINESS

PLAYGROUND GARAGE

LEVER PULLEY RAMP WHEEL & AXLE FULCRUM

WEDGES SCREWSOTHER

Name:C 2008 IINTERACT CURRICULUM LIMITED REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Design-a-machine

HERE IS A DIAGRAM OF MY MACHINE WITH THE PARTS LABELLED

MY MACHINE WILL BE CALLED



Is your brain in gear? Figure out how each part ofthe machine works and describe its function.

Figure it Out

A FUN MACHINE

BRAKELEVER

VALVERELEASELEVER

Evaluation• What types of machines did you use?

• How effective were they?

• What might you have done better?

• What questions do you have to help you do it better next time?

Copyright by Nadine McEwing 1996 and used with permission

Setting up• Mark the starting point with a chalk-drawn line or a pre-painted line

• Alongthislineplacefivecones.Thesewillbethestartingpoints

foreachoftheteams

• Markthefinishingpointbystandingonthestartinglineandtaking30pacesforward.

Mark the line

• Alongthislineplaceanotherfiveconesparalleltotheonesont

hestartingline

• By each of the cones on the starting line, place the equipment, making sure that next to

each of the cones there is one of each type

Materials• Fiveheavyobjectsthatallweighthesamee.g.twoconcreteblockswiredtogetheroralarge sack of wet sand• Five pulley systems• Five crowbars (or anything else that can be used as a lever)• Five bricks (or anything else that can be used for a fulcrum)• Five 2’’x 4’’ each a metre long• Fivesetsofroundpipeabout40cmlong(oranythingelsethatcanbeusedasrollers)• Five cones or markers• Largeconcrete/asphaltareae.g.tenniscourts,netballcourtsorcarparkarea• Thenumberofitemsneededisdependentonthenumberofteamsplaying

Heavy Object Moving Race

The Object of the Race

• Eachteammustmoveaheavyobjectdownaracewayandacrossthefinishlinewithout

picking up or carrying it

3© 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Name:

The Race• Dividetheclassintofiveteams• Allocate each team a starting point• Eachteamhastomoveitsheavyobjectdowntheracewayandacrossthefinishline• Tohelpthemmoveittheyaretousetheequipmentprovided• No one is allowed to pick up or carry the heavy object• Theteamtofirstcrossthefinishlinewithitsheavyobjectisthewinner


17


18 3© 2008 INTEGRATED EDUCATION LTD REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Name:

SimpleMachines

Simple MachinesName of Machine

Benefits To Me

InclinedPlane

Wheel-and-axle

Screw

Pulley

Lever

Wedge

Whichsimplemachinedoyouthinkhashadthegreatestimpactonpeople?Explain.



Solving Problems

Sometimes machines can help us with problems.Look at the problems and think about how you might

be able to solve them with machines.

PROBLEM WAYS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM

GETTING THE HEAVY BOX

DOWN THE

STAIRS

GETTING THE HEAVY BOX

UP THE

STAIRS

GETTING A HEAVY BOX

ONTO THE TOPSHELF

MOVING A HEAVYBOX ACROSSTHE FLOORFROMA–B

A

B



Nehemiah’s Walls

When Nehemiah and his men were building the walls of Jerusalem they didn’t have modern machinery to help them. Instead they had to use simple machines like levers, pulleys, inclined planes,

wheels in the form of rollers, and wedges.

Find examples or each of these simple machines in the picture. Label them and write an explanation of what each type of simple machine was used for.

An example of an inclined plane Nehemiah used is the

It was used for

A second example of an inclined plane Nehemiah used is the

It was used for

An example of a pulley Nehemiah used is on the

It was used for

An example of a wheel or roller Nehemiah used is the

It was used for

An example of a wedge Nehemiah used is the

It was used for

Simple machines used by Nehemiah that we still use today include:

21

Cforces

Concepts and scripturesA force can make things move, change the speed of something that is moving, or change the direction of something which is moving

• Forces include contact forces, which use pushes and pulls, and non-contact forces which use fields

• Magnetic and gravitational force are examples of non-contact forces

• Friction is a contact force that slows down or stops things from moving and makes work harder. We can use friction to our advantage or reduce friction to make work easier

• God wants us to harness our energy to submit to him in order to have our energy used most efficiently

Jas 3:3-12

2.0




Friction is the force that slows down or stops things from moving.It makes work and play harder or slower. We can reduce friction

in a number of ways.

What do you know about friction already?

Friction 1

Experiment

If you made ramps out of different materials and slid blocks ofwood down each ramp, how could you learn about friction?Write some questions you could ask as you experiment.

Research. Draw pictures of your experiments to show friction at work.



Compare your results. What did you observe?

Friction 2

What does this teach you?

If you wanted the block to go even faster, what could you add tothe smoothest ramp?

What are the benefits of friction in our lives?

What problems are caused by friction?

What is an example of harmful “friction” between friends or familymembers?

How can you help reduce friction in relationships?


24

Friction

Brakes

Rubbingoutmistakes

Sliding a box along the floor

Sandpaper

Groovesontyres

Pushingatrolleywhenthewheelswon’tgoroundproperly

Rubbinghandstogethertogetwarm

Groovesonthebottomofmyshoes

Thinkabouteachofthefollowingtimeswhenfrictionaffectsthingsandputatickbesideitifitisusefulandacrossbesideitifitcausesaproblem.

Frictionissometimesusefulandsometimesaproblem.

Friction aor r


Name:

25

Cenergy transfer

Concepts and scripturesEnergy cannot be destroyed, but only changed into a different kind of energy

• Many objects have potential energy which can be changed into kinetic energy, depending on factors like force and mass

• Ideas about energy, work and machines have developed over time

• God is infinitely powerful. He is the almighty God. As scientists we can observe and measure energy and harness it to make the world a better place

Is 40:26; Heb 1:3; Gen 1:28; Col 1:17; Rom 1:20

3.0


26 Name:© 2008 Interact currIculum press reproducIble by purchaser only

Name:C 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Energy comes in many forms.Give examples of each type of energy below.

EnergyC

HE

MI C

AL

E L E C T R I C A LL I G H T

SO

UN

D

ME

CH

AN

I C

A L

N U C L E A R

HE

AT

ENERGY

ENERGY COMESFROM A POWERFUL

GOD AT WORK

27Name:© 2008 Interact currIculum press reproducIble by purchaser only

Name:C 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM LIMITED REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

God has made everything in the world including forces whichmake things move. Can you find examples of things which are

moved by the forces of water, steam and air?

Energy from Creation

WATER

STEAM

WIND


Energy

object kind of energy potential energy kinetic energy

Food

Trampoline

Car

Torch

Noteaten Eaten

Elastic Bouncedon

Mechanical

Potential energyisstoredenergy,inposition,waitingto

beused.Ithaspotential!

Examplesinclude •energystoredinfood

(chemicalpotentialenergy)

•energystoredinatrampoline(elasticpotentialenergy)

Kinetic energyisenergythatiscausingmovement.

Examplesinclude •energytorunwhichcamefromstoredenergyinfood(chemicalenergy)

•energytopushapersonjumpingonatrampoline(elasticenergy)

Energy is either being used or waiting to be used

Completethechartbelow


Name:



Draw lines from the types of energy to the correct pic-tures to show the type of energy that is present as the

rock goes from the cliff and falls to the ground.

Energy Transfer

HEATENERGY

GRAVITATIONALPOTENTIALENERGY

SOUNDENERGY

KINETICENERGY

We can see that energy is never lost, it is

t


ContactorNon-contact

Forces can act from a distance. Some energy gets transferred through contact and some gets transferred without contact.

Brainstorm as many examples of forces as you can

and group into the categories below:

Contact Forces

Non-contact Forces


Name:

WorkingWords

© 2008 INTERACT CURRICULUM REPRODUCIBLE BY PURCHASER ONLY

Thenamegiventotheabilitytodowork

Thepivotaboutwhichaleverturns.Alsoknownasapivotpoint

Atoothedwheelthatconnectswithanothertoothedwheelorwitharackinordertochangethespeedordirectionoftransmittedmotion

Aplanewhoseangletothehorizontalislessthanarightangle,e.g.wedge,screworramp

Arigidbarpivotedaboutafulcrum,usedtotransferaforcetoaloadandusuallytoprovideamechanicaladvantage

Pushingandpullingthatresultsfrominteractionbetweenobjects

A sloping floor or path etc that joins two surfaces at differentlevels

Adevicethatdoesworkormakesworkeasier

Aresistancethatoccurswhentwoobjectsaretryingtoslideacrossoneanother

AblockofsolidmaterialthatisshapedlikeanarrowVincrosssectionandcanbepushedordrivenbetweentwoobjectsorpartsinordertosplitorsecurethem

Acombinationoftwoormoresimplemachines

Anameusedforthelevers,ramps,screws,pulleys,inclinedplanes,wedges,gearsthatdoworkontheirownormakeupcomplexmachines

Awheelwithagroovedriminwhicharopecanruninordertochangethedirectionofaforceappliedtotheropeetc

Aspiralinclinedplane

Match the terms to their meanings

ComplexMachine

Energy

Force

Friction

Fulcrum

Gear

InclinedPlane

Lever

Pulley

SimpleMachine

Ramp

Screw

SimpleMachine

Wedge




Self-evaluation

Name:

How do you feel about the effort you putinto researching this project?

DRAW THE FACE THAT BESTDESCRIBES THE WORK YOUHAVE DONE

TOPIC

What did you find the most difficult about your research project?

I didn’t try ashard as Ishould have

I tried hardsometimes

I tried hardmost of thetime

I worked reallyhard

Decidingwhat Ineeded toknow

Findingresources and information

Decidingwhich information I could use

Taking notesthat helpedto answer thequestion

Presentingmy information

The thing I was most pleased with was

Something I will try to do better next time is

Teacher Evaluation:

■ Verydifficult

■ Difficult

■ Okay

■ Noproblems

■ Verydifficult

■ Difficult

■ Okay

■ Noproblems

■ Verydifficult

■ Difficult

■ Okay

■ Noproblems

■ Verydifficult

■ Difficult

■ Okay

■ Noproblems

■ Verydifficult

■ Difficult

■ Okay

■ Noproblems

33

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Johann Hartwig, Linda Stevenson, Clare Woods, and Sarah Dawson for their contribution to graphic design and illustration of the Interact Discovery Sheets, and to Nadine Martin, who assisted with the development of some sheets, and Anna Johnstone for her proofreading skills.

Helen Pearson

Co-author, Editor and Publisher of Interact Curriculum

Documents

MAGNIFICENT MACHINES - Integrated · PDF fileand complete the table. ... LAWN MOWER. Name: ... HERE IS A DIAGRAM OF MY MACHINE WITH THE PARTS LABELLED MY MACHINE WILL BE CALLED. Name: