MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENAIN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE

Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 153RD COLLOQUIUM OF THEINTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION

HELD IN MAKUHARI, NEAR TOKYO, MAY 22-27, 1995

EDITED BY

YUTAKA UCHIDAScience University of Tokyo, Japan

TAKEO KOSUGINational Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan

and

HUGH S. HUDSON

University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERSDORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

Table of Contents

Preface xix

I. Magnetic Atmospheres of the Sun and Stars

I.I. The Solar Corona, the Magnetic Atmosphere of the Sun

Coronal Structures, Local and GlobalL. W. Acton 3

Dynamical Processes in the Solar CoronaK. Shibata 13

Heating Mechanisms of the Solar CoronaT. Sakurai 21

Solar Coronal Heating: MHD Models and Observational SignaturesG. E. Vekstein 29

Heating of Active Region Corona by Transient Brightenings(Microflares)

T. Shimizu, T. Tsuneta, A. Title, T. Tarbell, R. Shine,and Z. Frank 37

The Heating of Soft X7f ay Coronal Loops/. A. Klimchuk1 and L. J. Porter 39

Temperature Structure of Solar Active RegionsT. Yoshida-aid S. Tsuneta 41

Temperature and Heating Distributions along the Steady CoronalLoops

R. Kano and S. Tsuneta 43vLong Time Statistics of Magnetically Driven MHD Turbulence,Solar Flares and Coronal Heating

C. Chiuderi, M. Velli, G. Einaudi, and A. Pouquet 45Mass-Flow Effects on Wave Heating by Resonant Absorption

R. Erdelyi ' " 47Ha Surges and X-ray Jets in AR7260

R. C. Canfield, K. P. Reardon, K. D. Leka, K. Shibata,T. Yokoyama, and M. Shimojo 49

Surface Driven. Evolution and Activity of Atmospheric MagneticStructures

G. van Hoven, Y. Mok, D. L. Hendrix, and Z. Mikic 51

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1.2. High Temperature Outer Atmospheres of Other Stars

Chromospheres of Coronal Stars/ . L. Linsky and B. E. Wood 55

Evidence of Magnetic Coronae in Other StarsS. Serio 63

Recent VLBI Observations of Stellar CoronaeR. L. Mutel ' 71

Coronal Structure in M Dwarf StarsM. S. Giampapa, R. Rosner, V. Kashyap, T. A. Fleming,J. H. M. M. Schmitt, and J. A. Bookbinder 81

X-ray and EUV Observations of Active Binary Stellar Coronae:Relationships to Solar Studies of Flare Parameters and CoronalAbundances

R. A. Stern 83Element Abundances in Stellar Coronae

/ . J. Drake, J. M. Laming, and K. G. Widing 85

II. Wind and Mass-Loss from the Sun and Stars

11.1. Wind and Mass-Loss from the Sun

Yohkoh Observations of Coronal Mass EjectionsH. Hudson 89

Quiet Corona and Mass Loss ,'G. Noci 97

Mechanisms of Solar (and Stellar) Mass LossR. Rosner 107

Acceleration of'the High Speed Solar WindW. I.'Axford and J. F. McKenzie 115

Declining Phase Coronal Evolution: The Statistics of X-ray ArcadesA. H. McAllister, A. J. Hundhausen, J. T. Burkepile,P. Mclntosh, and E. Hiei 123

Development of a Coronal Helmet Streamer of 24 January 1992E. Hiei and A. J. Hundhausen 125

Observations of Solar Wind beyond 5 Rs and within 0.3 AU byInterplanetary Scintillation

M. Kojima, Hi Watanabe, Y. Yamauchi, and H. Misawa 127

11.2. Wind and Mass-Loss from.Starsi

HST and IUE Observations of Stellar Mass-Loss from K and EarlyM Evolved Stars

G. M. Harper 131Prominences on Late Type Active Stars

P. B. Byrne 139

IX

Stellar CMEs and Flare Mass MotionsE. R.Houdebine 147

X-ray Emission from O-Stars5. Kitamoto, T. Suzuki, K. Torii, and Y. Ohno 157

III. Production of Superhot Plasma and High-EnergyParticles in the Sun and Stars

111.1. Solar Flares

Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Solar FlaresS. Tsuneta 161

Non-Thermal Processes and Superhot Plasma Creation in Solar,Flares

T. Sakao and T. Kosugi 169Mass Motions in Flares

R. D. Bentley 177Energy Build-up Processes of Solar Flares Studied by OpticalObservations

H. Kurokawa 185High-Quality Images Based on the Steer Algorithm Deconvolutionfrom the Correlation Data Observed with Nobeyama Radioheliograph

S. Enome 195Loop-Top Hard X-ray Source in Solar Flares

5. Masuda, T. Kosugi, K. Shibata, H. Hara, and T. Sakao 203Radio Imaging Observation of a Solar Flare Cusp

K.-Shibasaki ; 205Flares and Plasma Flow Caused by Interacting Loops

Y. Hanaokaf 207Electron Time-of;Flight Measurements

M. J. Aschwanden 209Hot and Cool Post-Flare Loops: Formation and Dynamics

...:-. B. Schmieder, P. Heinzel, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, ,J. E. Wiik, and J. Lemen 211

Ultraviolet (1200 to 1800 A) Emission during the Impulsive Phaseof a Class 3B-X3 Solar Flare Observed with SOLSTICE

P. Brekke, G. J. Rottman, J. Fontenla, and P. G. Judge 213

111.2. Stellar Flares

Optical Emission from Stellar Flares 'C. J. Butler " 217

Flares on Active Binary SystemsS. Catalano 227

Stellar X-ray FlaresB. Haisch 235

Hard X-ray Emissions from Protostar CandidatesK. Koyama, Y. Tsuboi, and S. Ueno 243

X-ray Flares and Variability of Young Stellar ObjectsT. Montmerle and S. Casanova 247

Radio Emission from Solar and Stellar FlaresT. 5. Bastian ' 259

Radio Evidence for Nonthermal Magnetic Activity on Main-Sequence Stars of Late Spectral Type

K. R. Lang 267An Analysis of X-ray Flares in Pleiades Stars

S. Sciortino, G. Micela, F. Reale, V. Kashyap, R. Rosner,and F. R. Harnden, Jr. 277

Simultaneous X-ray, EUV, UV, and Radio Observation of theCorona of the RS CVn Binary HR1099

A. Brown, S. L. Skinner, R. T. Stewart, and K. L. Jones 279On the Origin of Intense Radio Emission from Solar and StellarFlares

A. V. Stepanov 281Magnetic Structures and Giant Flares in HR1099

B. H. Foing, S. Char, T. Ayres, C. Catala, D. S. Zhai,S. Jiang, L. Huang, J. X. Hao, E. Houdebine, S. Jankov,J. Baudrand, J. Czarny, J. F. Donati, P. Felenbok,S. Catalano, G. Cutispoto, A. Frasca, M. Rodono,J. E. Neff, T. Simon, A. Collier-Cameron, C. J. Butler,and The MUSLCOS 1989 Campaign Collaboration 283

III.3. Models of Flares

Arcade Flare ModelsT. G. Forbes 287

Problems for Arcade and Loop Flare Models Revealed by YohkohY. Uchida 295

Bifurcation and Stability of the Coronal Magnetic FieldK. Kusano, Y. Suzuki, K. Moriyama, K. Fujie, andK. Nishikawa . 303

MHD Simulations of Coronal Current Sheet DynamicsB. Kliem and J. Schumacher 305

The Active Role and Models of Reconnecting Current Sheets inthe Solar Atmosphere

B. V. Somov N 307The Evolution of Magnetic Arcades under Footpoint Motion

G. S. Choe and L. C. Lee 309Hydrodynamic Modeling of Flares Well-Observed by Yohkoh/SXT

F. Reale, G. Peres, and H. Hudson 311

XI

On Thermal Hydrodynamical Model of Solar FlaresW. Q. Gan 313

MHD Simulation of X-ray Jets Based on Magnetic ReconnectionModel

T. Yokoyama and K. Shibata 315Energy Release in the Current-Carrying Magnetic Loops

V. V. Zaitsev 317

IV. Magnetic Behavior of the Sun and Stars

IV. 1. Active Zones and Coronal Holes of the Sun and TheirCycle Variation

Magnetic Activity Cycle in the X-ray Coronal StructuresH. Hara 321

The Dynamics of Magnetic Flux Tubes in the Solar ConvectionZone

G. H. Fisher, Y. Fan, D. W. Longcope, and M. G. Linton 329Hot Spots for Solar Activity

T. Bai 337Solar Dynamo Driven by Global Convection and DifferentialRotation and the Magneto-Thermal Pulsation of the Sun

H. Yoshimura 345Formation of a Kinked Alignment of Solar Active Region

R. Matsumoto, T. Tajima, W. Chou, and K. Shibata 355

IV.2. Observed Domain of Activity on Stars

Stellar Magnetic Activity, Activity Cycles, and DynamosR. Pallavidni 359

Recent Measurements of Stellar Magnetic FieldsS. H. Saar 367

Active Longitudes and Rotation of Active StarsM. Rodon'o and A. F. Lanza 375

Dynamos in Different Types of StarsN. O. Weiss 387

Coronal Magnetic Activity in Low Mass Pre-Main Sequence StarsF. M. Walter 395

V. Governing Factors of Solar/Stellar Activity

The Sun as the Ultimate Challenge to Astrophysics: The VitalPhase of Solar Physics

E. N. Parker 399

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Poster Papers

Posters for Session I

Measurement of the Coronal Electron Temperature at the TotalSolar Eclipse on 3rd Nov. 1994

K. Ichimoto, K. Kumagai, I. Sano, T. Kobiki, T. Sakurai,and A. Munoz 413

Results from 3 November 1994 Solar EclipseB. H. Foing, J. E. Wiik, N. Henrich, F. David, T. Beaufort,B. Altieri, R. Orosei, R. Laureijs, L. Metcalfe, E. Maurice,P. Reuter, and D. Bois 415

Interpretation of SXT Data Concerning the Diffuse CoronaP. A. Sturrock, M. S. Wheatland, and L. W. Acton 417

Temperature Structure of the Diffuse CoronaC. R. Foley, J. L. Culhane, L. W. Acton, and J. R. Lemen 419

Measurements of Active and Quiet Sun Coronal Plasma Propertieswith SERTS EUV Spectra

/. W. Brosius, J. M. Davila, R. J. Thomas,B. C. Monsignori-Fossi, and J. L. R. Saba 421

Calculation of Soft X-ray Images from MHD Simulations of Heatingof Coronal Loops

A. J. C. Belien, S. Poedts, and J. P. Goedbloed 4232D and 3D Nonlinear MHD Simulations of Coronal Loop Heatingby Alfven Waves

S. Poedts and J. P. Goedbloed 425Generation of Linear and Nonlinear Magnetic Tube Waves in theSolar Atmosphere

Z. E. Musielak, R. Rosner, and P. Ulmschneider 427Magnetic Roots of Enhanced High Coronal Loops

/. G. Porter, D. A. Falconer, R. L. Moore, K. L. Harvey,D. M. Rabin, and T. Shimizu 429

Dynamic Behavior of the Coronal Streamer BeltX. P. Zhao and J. T. Hoeksema 431

Minor Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Activity andRelated Coronal Signatures

G. Cauzzi, A. Falchi, R. Falciani, E. Hiei, andL. A. Smaldone 433

He I 10830 A in Solar Active Regions and its Correlation withChromospheric Lines

R1. Kitai, I. Tohmura, Y. Suematsu, M. Akioka, and D. Soltau 435X-ray and Magnetic Features of Ha Surges

A". Okubo, R. Matsumoto, S. Miyaji, M. Akioka, H. Zhang,M. Shimojo, Y. Nishino, K. Ichimoto, K. Shibata,and T. Sakurai 437

xmHigh Resolution Observation of Solar Spicules and Their KinematicModelling

Y. Suematsu 439Location of Type I Radio Continuum and Bursts on Yohkoh SoftX-ray Maps

S. Krucker, A. 0. Benz, M. J. Aschwanden,and T. S. Bastian 441

Coronal Magnetic Fields from Polarization Observations atMicrowaves

F. Chiuderi Drago, F. Borgioli, C. E. Alissandrakis,M. Hagyard, and K. Shibasaki 443

Detection of Nonthermal Radio Emission from Coronal X-ray JetsM. R. Kundu, J. P. Raulin, N. Nitta, H. S. Hudson,A. Raoult, K. Shibata, and M. Shimojo 445

Statistical Study of Solar X-ray Jets Observed with the Yohkoh „;Soft X-ray Telescope

M. Shimojo, T. Hashimoto, K. Shibata, T. Hirayama,and K. L. Harvey 449

Simultaneous Observation of Solar Surges in Ha and X-rayM. Akioka and G. Cauzzi 451

Statistical Studies of Solar Ha Brightening Events and TheirRelation to Soft X-ray Events

C. Y. Yatini and Y. Suematsu 453The Three-Dimensional Structures of Elementary Coronal HeatingEvents

C. E. Parnell 455Causal Relation between Ha Arch Filament Loops and Soft X-rayCoronal Loops ^

K. Yoshimufa, H. Kurokawa, S. Sano, and H. Hudson 457Emerging Flux, Reconnection, and XBP

L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, B. Schmieder and P. Demoulin,C. Mandrini, G. Cauzzi, A. Hofmann, N. Nitta,H. Kurokawa, N. Mein, and P. Mein 459

Collision of Plasma Flows in a Current Loop/. Zhao, J. I. Sakai, and K. I. Nishikawa 461

Oscillations in a Quiescent Solar ProminenceR. Oliver and J. L. Ballester 463

Non-Equilibrium Effects on the Optically Thin Radiative LossFunction

0. Wikst0l and V. H. Hansteen 465Nonlinear Dissipation of Alfven Waves x

G. C} Boynton and U. Torkelsson \ 467On the Stability of Solar Photospheric Magnetic Flux Tubes

A. Takeuchi 469

XIV

A General Code for Modeling MHD Flows on Parallel Computers:Versatile Advection Code

G. T'oth 471A Regridding Algorithm for High Resolution Hydrodynamics ofFlaring Coronal Loops

R. M. Betta, G. Peres, S. Serio and F. Reale 473Rotational Modulation of Ha, Emission in RS CVn Systems

A. Frasca, S. Catalano, and E. Marilli 475Radio and X-ray Emission in Stellar Magnetic Loops

E. Franciosini and F. Chiuderi Drago 477Coronal Properties of Nearby Old Disk and Halo dM Stars

G. Micela, S. Sciortino, and J. Pye 479Spectral and Spatial Structure of TJ Carinae

Y. Tsuboi, K. Koyama, and R. Petre 481Comparison of High Resolution Optical and Soft X-ray Images ofSolar Corona

A. Takeda, H. Kurokawa, R. Kitai, K. Ishiura, and L. Golub 483

Posters for Session II

Large-Scale Arcade Formation on May 15, 1992 and its Inter-planetary Consequence

Y. Nakagawa, T. Watanabe, H. Hudson, and M. Kojima 489Observations of a Quiescent Prominence Straddling the Solar Limbduring the Total Eclipse of 11 July 1991

V. Gaizauskas, E. DeLuca, L. Golub, H. P. Jones,and L. November 491

Yohkoh SXT Observations of Prominence Eruption and DisappearanceH. Tonooka, R. Matsumoto, S. Miyaji, S. F. Martin,R. C. Canfield, K. Reardon, A. McAllister, and K. Shibata 493

Polar X-ray Arcade Formation and Giant CuspK. Fujisaki, H. Okubo, Y. Uchida, S. Hirose, S. Cable,and S. Tsuneta 495

The Skew of X-ray Coronal Loops Overlying Ha FilamentsS. F. Martin and A. H. McAllister 497

Studies of Solar Wind Onset in Coronal Holes Planned for SOHOA. H. Gabriel, F. Bely-Debau, and C. David 499

Low-Speed Solar Winds from Active RegionsH. Watanabe, M. Kojima, Y. Kozuka, and H. Misawa 501

Detection of Active Region Expansion in Interplanetary Space bySakigake Spacecraft at 1 AU

T) Nakagawa and Y. Uchida 503Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Coronal Rays

O. T. Matsuura, E. Picazzio, and H. Shigueoka 505

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Formation of Contact Binaries via a Magnetized Wind, a Parameter-Free Model v

K. Stfpien 507Formation of Reconnection-Driven Jets with Disk Accretion ontoMagnetized Young Stars

S. Hirose, Y. Uchida, K. Shibata, and R. Matsumoto 509Magnetically *Driven Jets from Accretion Disks: Nonsteady andSteady Solutions

T. Kudoh and K. Shibata 511

Posters for Session III

Active Region Evolution and Flare ActivityN. Nitta, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, K. D. Leka, H. S. Hudson 515

Relationship between Cold and Hot Post-Flare Loops andthe Impact on the Reconnection Flare Model

J. F. Seely and U. Feldman 517Pseudo-Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling of Flare Loops

K. Hori, T. Yokoyama, T. Kosugi, and K. Shibata 519Initial Dynamics in a Loop Flare of April 22, 1993

S. Yashiro, N. Kohara, Y. Uchida, S. Hirose, S. Cable,T. Watanabe, and T. Kosugi 521

Hard and Soft X-ray Observations of Solar Limb Flares/. T. Mariska, T. Sakao, and R. D. Bentley 523

X-ray Plasma Ejection in an Eruptive FlareM. Ohyama and K. Shibata 525

Isolating the Footpoint Characteristics of a Solar Flare LoopL. K. Harra-Murnion, J. L. Culhane, T. Fujiwara,H. S. Hudson, jT. Kato, and A. C. Sterling 527

Coronal Loop Interactions Observed in Optical Emission LinesR. N. Smartt, V. S. Airapetian, and Z. Zhang 531

Electric Currents^arid Magnetic Shear Variations during SomeFlares of M- and X-Class

A. Ambastha, J. M. Fontenla, and M. J. Hagyard . 533Relations between Filament Current Systems and Solar Flares

Y.-H. Tang, L.-S. Cui, C.-L. Yin, and A.-A. Xu 535Magnetic Field Structure and Accelerated Electrons in a GradualMicrowave/Hard X-ray Flare

H. Nakajima and R. A. Schwartz 537Hard X-ray and Microwave Observations of an Impulsive Burst on1994 January 6

M. Nishio, K. Yaji, and T. Kosugi 539Imaging Spectra of Hard X-ray from the Footpoints of SolarImpulsive Loop Flares

T. Takakura, T. Kosugi, T. Sakao, K. Makishima,M. Inda-Koide, and S. Masuda 541

XVI

Nonthermal Emissions in the Hard X-ray and Microwave Rangesfrom Flaring Loops

K. Yaji, T. Kosugi, and M. Nishio 543Hard and Soft X-ray Images of an LDE Flare

/ . Sato, T. Kosugi, and T. Sakao 545Electron Acceleration Site of the 1992 Sep. 6 Flare

K. Fujiki, H. Nakajima, Y. Hanaoka, K. Yaji, and R. Kitai 547The Height Distribution of Hard X-rays in Impulsive Solar Flares

L. Fletcher 549A Solar Flare in the Fe I 5324 Line on 24 June 1993

Y. Lin, H. Zhang, and W. Zhang 551Are White-Light Flares Related to High Energy Particles?

C. Fang, M. D. Ding, J. Hu, and S. Y. Yin 553X-ray Line Shift and Plasma Flow in Solar Flare

M. Takahashi and T. Watanabe 555X-ray Observations of an Over-the-Limb Solar Flare with LargeSpectral Line Shifts

A. C. Sterling, L. K. Harra-Murnion, H. S. Hudson,__ / . R. Lemen, and K. T. Strong 557

Dynamical Response of the Solar Atmosphere to Flare Heating, - E. K. Newton, A. G. Emslie, and J. T. Mariska 559Effects on Non-Thermal Particles on the UV and Optical Spectraof Solar Flares

J.-C. Henoux and C. Fang 561A Study of the Thermal/Nonthermal Electric Field Model UsingSpectral and Spatial X-ray Data from CGRO and Yohkoh

T. A. Kucera 563Energization of the 10-100 keV Electrons in Solar Flares by Strongly-Driven Reconnection

^ R. L. -Moore, T. N. LaRosa, J. A. Miller, and S. N. Shore 565Observations of the Creation of Hot Plasma in Solar Flares

2 S. K. Savy 567Discovery of Sub-Second Brightenings in Solar Flares with theNobeyama Radioheliograph

I T. Takano and the Nobeyama Radioheliograph Group 569Ganfjna-Ray Spectral Characteristics of Solar Flares

"©• K. Morimoto, M. Yoshimori, K. Suga, T. Masuda, and?t K. Kawabata , 571

Downward Beaming of Accelerated Particles in the 1991 November15 Fjare

M. Yoshimori, K. Morimoto, K. Suga, T. Matsuda, andK, Kawabata 573

High Energy Limit of Particle Acceleration in Solar FlaresK. Ohki 575

XV11

Characteristics of Stellar Flares on EV Lac from a Long-TermPhotometric Program

G. Leto, C. Buemi, M. Rodono, and I. Pagano 577Maximum Energy of Force-Free Magnetic Fields

T. Sakurai and J. C.Chae 579A Kinetic Model of Magnetic Field Reconnection

S. Takeuchi 581Computer Simulations on the Spontaneous Fast ReconnectionMechanism

M. Ugai, T. Shimizu, and T. Obayashi 583Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Reconnection in Eruptive Flares

T. Magara, S. Mineshige, T. Yokoyama, and K. Shibata 585Three Dimensional Simulation Study of the MagnetohydrodynamicRelaxation Process in the Solar Corona

Y. Suzuki, K. Kusano, and K. Nishikawa 587Computer Simulation and Visualization of Solar Flares

G. A. Hanoun and K. J. H. Phillips 589Pinch Processes near the Transition Region and Electron Bombard-ment of the Chromosphere in the Presence of Electric Current

M. Karlicky 591Alfven Wave Proton Injection and Acceleration in Solar Flares

D. F. Smith and J. A. Miller 5933D MHD Simulation of the Dynamic Current Injection Model ofLoop Flares

5. Cable, Y. Uchida, R. Matsumoto, and S. Hirose 595Nonlinear Simulation of Tearing Instability of a Magnetic Arcade

5. Koide 597Formation and Emergence of Current Loops in Weakly IonizedPlasmas

J. I. Sakai, M. Sjizuki, and T. Fushiki . 599Formation of Current,Loops Driven by the Kelvin-HelmholtzInstability

Y. Hasegawa, J. I. Sakai, and K. I. Nishikawa Z 601Simulation of a Cloud-Cloud Collision in an Electron-Positron ^Plasma

T. Kitanishi, J.-I. Sakai, and K.-I. Nishikawa . 603Cosmic Ray Chaos Requires New Physics

W. Unno, T. Kitamura, and S. Ohara 605Solutions of the Hydromagnetic Equation with Localized andUniform Resistivity

F. Jamitzky and M. Scholer . 607Large-Scale Active Coronal Phenomena in Yohkoh SXT Images

Z. Svestka, F. Farn'ik, H. S. Hudson, Y. Uchida, P. Hick,and J. R. Lemen 609

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Posters for Session IV3D MHD Simulation of Magnetic Flux Tubes in Co-RotatingCoordinates

W. Chou, T. Tajima, R. Matsumoto, and K. Shibata 613Distributions of the Magnetic Field Inclination in Sunspots

T. Shinkawa and M. Makita 615Dynamics of the Solar Granulation: Its Interaction with theMagnetic Field

A. Nesis, R. Hammer, and H. Schleicher 617A Model of Magnetic Field on Supergranules

S. J. Li, 0. R. Kim, and S. H. Kim 619Solar Convection and Magneto-Convection

5. Basu, D. J. Bercik, A. Nordlund, and R. F. Stern 621Triple-Dipole Model on the Large-Scale Magnetic Structure of the Sun

T. Saito, Y. Kozuka, M. Kojima, Y. Mori, M. Yasue,and Y. Matsuura 623

Solar Cycle Variation of the Rotation of the Large-Scale MagneticField of the Sun

Y. Kozuka, M. Kojima, and T. Saito 627Grand Minima in Solar Magnetic Activity

S. M. Tobias 629Spectral Imaging of AR Lac from 1981 to 1994

/. Pagano, M. Rodono, F. M. Walter, and J. E. Neff 631Two Mechanisms of a Current Sheet Creation in the Solar Corona

A. I. Podgorny, I. M. Podgorny, and S. Minami 633

List of Participants 635