Magneto Hydrodynamics Generator

7/24/2019 Magneto Hydrodynamics Generator

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In 1932, Michael Faraday, demonstrated the experiments

that there is an electromagnetic induction in a current carrying

conductor moving the earth magnetic field.

In 193, !." scientist #ela $arlovit% is the first one developed

the Magneto hydrodynamics generator.

In India, the M&' generator program is undergoing in

(hiruchirappalli in colla)oration *ith #harat heavy electrical

limited +#&-.

1. Introduction

(he Magneto hydrodynamic +M&' generator is a device thatconverts thermal energy of a fuel into electrical energy.


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The meaning of Magneto Hydro Dynamics


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(he -orent% force la* is the )asis for the Magnetohydrodynamic generator

(he -orent% force la* states that the charged particle

experience a force *hen is moving in the electromagnetic field.(his force can )e explained as

F/ 0 +v x #

here, F is the force acting on charged particl.

0 is the charge of the particle

is the velocity of particle

# is the magnetic induction

2.Lorentz force law


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3.Fradays law

hen a charged partcile moving in a magnetic field, itexpreience the retarding foce as *ell as produce voltage.

(his is the )asis of Faraday4s la*.

!

"

# $ut%ut current

Hot gaseous

conductor


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&. 'rinci%le( construction and wor)ing of

Magneto hydrodynamic generator *MHD+

6rinciple

(he principle of Magnetohydrodynamic generator is

)ased on -oren% la* and faraday7s la*.

In this system, the hot ioni%ed gaseous conductor

+*or8ing fluid is passed into the high magnetic field and

there)y the current is produced. #y placing suita)le

electrodes +node and cathode inside the cham)er,the output load is ta8en through the external circuit.


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M&' generator consist of a


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or8ing

(he gaseous +fluid conductor is passed into the

com)ustion cham)er through inlet.

#y using a fuel li8e oil +or natural gas +or coal, the

fluid conductor is heated to a plasma state and hence it

is ioni%ed.

(he temperature in the com)ustion cham)er is around

2===>$ to 2==>$.

(he heat generated in the com)ustion cham)er

removes the outermost electrons in the fluid conductor.

(herefore, the gas particle ac?uires the charge


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(he charged gas particles *ith high velocity enters into

the generator cham)er via no%%le.

(he positive and negative charge moves to corresponding

electrodes +anode and


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'otential *0+

Ionized gas *4+

Magnetic field *5+

(he diagram sho*s the

direction of charged

particle, magnetic field

and the current produced

ll three field are

perpendicular to each

other


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(he electrodes are connected to an external circuit to get aload output.

(he current produced in the M&' generator are direct

current +'


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(he overall efficiency of M&' generators are a)out 5=

to := @.

(he electrode are made generally using high

temperature ceramic materials such as car)ides +"i


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Advantages

1. (he on and off time is a)out second.

2. (here are no moving parts, it is very relia)le to use.3. (he M&' generator has high thermal efficiency

. It is a direct conversion device.

5. (hey have a )etter fuel utili%ation

:. It can produce large amount of po*er

;. (he si%e of the pant is small

6d7antages( disad7antages and a%%lications


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Disadvantages

1. (hey need high pure superconductor.

2. or8ing temperature is very high as a)out 2==>$ to 2==>$.

3. (he loss of po*er is very high

. (he components get high corrosion due to high *or8ing

temperature.


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Application

(he M&' generators are used to po*er su)marines and

aircrafts.

lectrical po*er production for domestic applications

(hey are used in a pulsed detonation roc8et engine

+6'C for space application

(hey can )e used as po*er plants in industry and

uninterrupted po*er supply system


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THANK YOU

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Magneto Hydrodynamics Generator