Magnetic Field Due to Current

7/21/2019 Magnetic Field Due to Current

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Kgiptjr # ;: Eiobjtdk Hdjà auj tf I kurrjbt

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I wdrj pìkja i`fbo bfrtg-sfutgadrjktdfb kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh 93 I hrfe sfutg tf bfrtg. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjàauj tf i 9 ke pdjkj fh wdrj it i pfdbt >33 ke bfrtg-jist hrfe tgj pdjkj.

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Qgj sdtuitdfb db sgfwb db hdourj. Is tgj adstibkj fh S hrfe tgj wdrj ds eukg ìrojr tgib tgj `jbotg fh tgj wdrj,

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Hdourj sgfws twf `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrydbo j`jktrdk kurrjbts db fppfsdtj adrjktdfbs. Qgj sjpiritdfb nj-twjjb tgj wdrjs ds :.3 ke. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdbt S edawiy njtwjjb tgj wdrjs.

[f`. Qgj rdogt giba tguen ru`j sgfws tgit tgj eiobjtdk hdj a it S auj tf jikg fh tgj wdrjs ds pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgjpìbj fh tgj adiorie iba ds ofdbo dbtf dt. Qgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj hdjà auj tf jikg wdrjs ds

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Qwf `fbo, stridogt wdrjs, jikg kirrydbo ib j`jktrdk kurrjbt fh :.3 I, irj mjpt piri``j` tf jikg ftgjr it isjpiritdfb fh >.: ke. Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj jxpjrdjbkja ny 93 ke fh i wdrj.

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I kdrkuìr kfd` fh riadus 9.: ke kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh 9.: I. Dh tgj kfd` gis >: turbs, hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgjkjbtrj.

[f`. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj auj tf jikg turb ds


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Sioj # >eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

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I `fbo sf`jbfda ds hfreja ny wdbadbo >3 turbs/ke. _git kurrjbt ds bjkjssiry tf prfaukj i eiobjtdk hdjà fh >3 eQ dbsdaj tgj sf`jbfda6

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Y ZJ[QDFB[ HF^ [ GF^Q B[_J^9. Ib j jktrdk kurrjbt h`fws db i wdrj hrfe bfrtg tf sfutg. _git wd`` nj tgj adrjktdfb fh tgj eiobjtdk hdj a auj tf

tgds wdrj it i pfdbt jist fh tgj wdrj 6 _jst fh tgj wdrj 6 Xjrtdki `y infvj tgj wdrj 6 Xjrtdki `y nj fw tgj wdrj6>. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà auj tf i `fbo stridogt wdrj gis njjb ajrdvja db tjres fh 3, d iba a. Jxprjss tgds db tjres

fh 3 , d iba a.;. Tfu irj hikdbo i kdrkuìr wdrj kirrydbo ib j jktrdk kurrjbt. Qgj kurrjbt ds k`fkmwdsj is sjjb ny yfu. Ds tgj

hdjà it tgj kjbtrj kfedbo tfwiras yfu fr ofdbo iwiy hrfe yfu 6

1. Db Iepjrj's ìw daN3

, tgj kurrjbt futsdaj tgj kurvj ds bft dbkùaja fb tgj rdogt giba sdaj. Afjs dt

ejib tgit tgj eiobjtdk hdj a N ki`ku itja ny usdbo Iepjrj's iw, odvjs tgj kfbtrdnutdfb fh fb`y tgj kurrjbtskrfssdbo tgj irji nfubaja ny tgj kurvj 6

:. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà dbsdaj i tdogt`y wfuba, `fbo sf jbfda ds N 5 3bd. Dt suoojsts tgit tgj hdjà afjs bft ajpjbafb tgj tfti` `jbotg fh tgj sf`jbfda tgj hdjà sgfuà bft dbkrjisj. Jxpìdb qui`dtitdvj`y wgy tgj jxtriiaaja`ffps af bft givj i kfbsdajrin j jhhjkt fb tgj hdj a dbsdaj tgj sf jbfda.

8. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt. Ds Iepjrj's iw vi da hfr i ffp tgit afjs bft jbk`fsj tgj wdrj 6 Qgitjbk`fsjs tgj wdrj nut ds bft kdrkuìr 6

?. I stridogt wdrj kirrydbo ib j jktrdk kurrjbt ds p ikja i fbo tgj ixds fh i ubdhfre`y kgiroja rdbo. _d`` tgjrj nji eiobjtdk hfrkj fb tgj wdrj dh tgj rdbo stirts rftitdbo infut tgj wdrj 6 Dh yjs, db wgdkg adrjktdfb 6

7. Qwf wdrjs kirrydbo jqui` kurrjbts d jikg, irj pìkja pjrpjbadku ir tf jikg ftgjr, lust ivfdadbo i kfbtikt. Dh fbj wdrj ds gjà hdxja iba tgj ftgjr ds hrjj tf efvj ubajr eiobjtdk hfrkjs, wgit mdba fh eftdfb wd`` rjsu`t 6

4. Qwf prftfb njies ofdbo db tgj siej adrjktdfb rjpj` jikg ftgjr wgjrjis twf wdrjs kirrydbo kurrjbts db tgjsiej adrjktdfb ittrikt jikg ftgjr. Jxpìdb.93. Db frajr tf givj i kurrjbt db i `fbo wdrj, dt sgfu a nj kfbbjktja tf i nittjry fr sfej sukg ajvdkj. Kib wj

fntidb tgj eiobjtdk hdj a auj tf i stridogt, `fbo wdrj ny usdboIepjrj's ìwwdtgfut ejbtdfbdbo tgds ftgjr pirtfh tgj kdrkudt 6

99. Yudtj fhtjb, kfbbjktdbo wdrjs kirrydbo kurrjbts db fppfsdtj adrjktdfbs irj twdstja tfojtgjr db usdbo j`jktrdkiipp`dibkjs. Jxpìdb gfw dt ubwibtja eiobjtdk hdjà.

9>. Qwf kurrjbtkirrydbo wdrjs eiy ittrikt jikg ftgjr. Db insjbkj fh ftgjr hfrkjs, tgj wdrjs wd` efvj tfwirasjikg ftgjr dbkrjisdbo tgj mdbjtdk jbjroy. Afjs dt kfbtriadkt tgj hikt tgit tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj kibbft af ibywfrm iba gjbkj kibbft dbkrjisj tgj mdbjtdk jbjroy 6

Fnljktdvj D9. I vjrtdki` wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt db upwira adrjktdfb. Ib j`jktrfb njie sjbt gfrdzfbti``y tfwiras tgj wdrj wd``

nj ajh jktja(I) tfwiras rdogt (N) tfwiras jht (K*)upwiras (A)afwbwiras


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Sioj # ;eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

,a e/fm\ /ml rml js i dl ag vms l /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I rml ag vms l {m[ hrt hb'mm js i Gms tm tm lom nys AX m_ u di q t hf{ms hdr oms xm -(I) bmi =g vms l (N) kmi =g vms l (K*) dl ag vms l (A) ugps ag vms l

>. I kurrjbt-kirrydbo, stridogt wdrj ds mjpt i`fbo tgj ixds fh i kdrku ir `ffp kirrydbo i kurrjbt. Qgj stridogt wdrj(I) wd`` jxjrt ib dbwira hfrkj fb tgj kdrkuìr `ffp(N) wd`` jxjrt ib futwira hfrkj fb tgj kdrkuìr `ffp(K*) wd`` bft jxjrt iby hfrkj fb tgj kdrkuìr `ffp

(A) wd`` jxjrt i hfrkj fb tgj kdrkuìr `ffp piri``j` tf dtsj`h. ,a /mmlmfmog fy= ag v{m as vuq hb'm ,a `g/mm /mmlmfmog rml l]mm oq vm o[I `g/mm rml -(I) fc mmaml fy= dl vZbl ag vms l ky yxm=s xmI(N) fc mmaml fy= dl kmol ag vms l ky yxm=s xmI(K*) fc mmaml fy= dl ams n\ ky uogi yxm=s xmI(A) fc mmaml fy= dl vdus `jmumZrl ky yxm=s xmI

;. I prftfb njie ds ofdbo hrfe bfrtg tf sfutg iba ib j jktrfb njie ds ofdbo hrfe sfutg tf bfrtg. Bjo jktdfb tgjjirtgs eiobjtdk hdjà, tgj j`jktrfb njie wd` nj ajh`jktja(I*) tfwiras tgj prftfb njie (N) iwiyhrfe tgj prftfb njie(K) upwiras (A) afwbwiras ,a dz ms Xm_ u dq i t eml `s bh{m.m ag vms l xhr'mgy o[ rHmm ,a nys AX m_ u di q t bh{m.m `s eml ag vms l xhr'mgy o[I dcHfg as pq Jkag= {ms 5m ams ux.= jmuus dlU nys AX m_ u di q t hf{ms hdr oms xm -(I*) dz ms Xm_u di q t ag vms l (N) dz ms Xm_u dq i t `s dls(K) dl ag vms l (A) ugps ag vms l

1. I kdrku ir `ffp ds mjpt db tgit vjrtdki` pìbj wgdkg kfbtidbs tgj bfrtg-sfutg adrjktdfb. Dt kirrdjs i kurrjbt tgitds tfwiras bfrtg it tgj tfpefst pfdbt. @jt I nj i pfdbt fb ixds fh tgj kdrk`j tf tgj jist fh dt iba N i pfdbtfb tgds ixds tf tgj wjst fh dt. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà auj tf tgj `ffp(I) ds tfwiras jist it I iba tfwiras wjst it N(N) ds tfwiras wjst it I iba tfwiras jist it N(K) ds tfwiras jist it nftg I iba N(A*) ds tfwiras wjst it nftg I iba N ,a fc mmaml yw d eml&bh{m.m hb'mm js i h@Hmr e/fm\ /ml ry js i l]mm oq vm o[I nàs eSprj hkZbq dl /mmlm ag hb'mm evms l o[I jmum ha nàg v{m dl hkZbq I dw f\ ag vms l rHmm hkZbq N dh'pj ag vms l o[I yw d as aml.m pq Jkag= {ms 5m -(I)I dl dw f\ ag vms l rHmm N dl dh'pj ag vms l o[I(N)I dl dh'pj vms l rHmm N dl dh'pj ag vms l o[I(K)I rHmm N bms ums i dl dw f\ ag vms l o[I(A*)I rHmm N bms ums i dl dh'pj ag vms l o[I

:. Kfbsdajr tgj sdtuitdfb sgfwb db hdo. Qgj stridogt wdrj ds hdxja nut tgj `ffp kib efvj ubajr eiobjtdk hfrkj.Qgj `ffp wd` - hp5m js i dz bh'm\ r h@Hmhr dl hfpml aght=sI `g/mm rml a`m oq vm o[U haZrq yw d pq Jkag= ky as dzGmmf js i xhr al àrm o[I yw d -

(I) rjeidb stitdfbjry (N*) efvj tfwiras tgj wdrj(K) e fvj iwiy hrfe tgj wdrj (A) rftitj infut tgj wdrj(I) h@Hml los xm (N*) rml ag vms l xhr als xm (K) rml `s dls xhr als xm (A) rml as dhlr% 6mw .m\ u als xmI


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Sioj # :eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

>. Kfbsdajr tgrjj quibtdtdjs x 5 J/N, y 5 9/ f f iba z 5 / K^. Gjrj, ` ds tgj `jbotg fh i wdrj, K ds ikipikdtibkj iba ^ ds i rjsdstibkj. I`` ftgjr syenf`s givj stibaira ejibdbos(I*) x, y givj tgj siej adejbsdfbs. (N*) y, z givj tgj siej adejbsdfbs(K*) z, x givj tgj siej adejbsdfbs (A) Bfbj fh tgj tgrjj pidrs givj tgj siej adejbsdfbs rgu lmh'm=ms i x5J /N,y5 9/ f f rHmm z 5 / K^ dl hfpml aght=sI nujs i rml ag yJkmn\ U K /mmhlrm rHmm ^ dz hrlms/m o[UvZ= ì as rms i as `mjmZ= vHm\ o[-(I*) x, y ag hfjm, ,a `jmu o[I (N*) y, z ag hfjm, ,a `jmu o[I(K*) z, x ag hfjm, ,a `jmu o[I (A) rgums i js i `s ha`g Gmg =q Wj ag hfjm, ,a `jmu uogi o[I

;. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt i fbo tgj \-ixds. Fbj kib hdba twf pfdbts db tgj W-T pìbj sukg tgit(I) tgj eiobjtdk hdj as irj jqui`(N*) tgj adrjktdfbs fh tgj eiobjtdk hdjàs irj tgj siej(K*) tgj eiobdtuajs fh tgj eiobjtdk hdj as irj jqui`(A*) tgj hdjà it fbj pfdbt ds fppfsdtj tf tgit it tgj ftgjr pfdbt ,a yJks ,fi `g/ms rml js i \- v{m as vuq hb'm /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I x - y ry js i h@Hmr bms hkZbq vms i as hy=s ams n\ F=hAr dz s h{mr al àrm o[U ha -(I) pq Jkag= {ms 5m ,a `jmu o[I(N*) pq Jkag= {ms 5mms i ag hb'mm, ,a `jmu o[I(K*) pq Jkag= {ms 5mms i as dhljm.m ,a `jmu o[I(A*) ,a hkZbq dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m ag hb'mm bw `ls hkZbq dl {ms 5m ag hb'mm `s hfdhlr o[I

1. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj fh riadus ^ kirrdjs i kurrjbt adstrfnutja ubdhfre`yfvjr dts krfss-sjktdfb. Qgj eiobdtuajfh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà ds(I) eixdeue it tgj ixds fh tgj wdrj (N*) edbdeue it tgj ixds fh tgj wdrj(K*) eixdeue it tgj surhikj fh tgj wdrj (A) edbdeue it tgj surhikj fh tgj wdrj.^ h5mQ=m as ,a yJks ,fi `g/ms rml `s oms us fmym /mmlm dz fmo `Jdw .m\ vuq dz @Hm amX js i ,a `jmu hfrhlr o[I pq Jkag= {ms 5m am dhljm.m o[ -(I) rml ag v{m dl vh/marj (N*) rml ag v{m dl Z=w urj (K*) rml ag `ro dl vh/marj (A) rml ag `ro dl Z=w urj

:. I gf``fw tunj ds kirrydbo ib j jktrdk kurrjbt i`fbo dts `jbotg adstrdnutja ubdhfre`y fvjr dts surhikj. Qgj

eiobjtdk hdj a(I) dbkrjisjs `dbjir`y hrfe tgj ixds tf tgj surhikj (N*) ds kfbstibt dbsdaj tgj tunj(K*) ds zjrf it tgj ixds (A) ds zjrf lust futsdaj tgj tunj ,a ]mms ]myg uhyam ag yJkmn\ as vuq hb'm oms us fmym /mmlm dz fmoU nàg `ro dl ,a `jmu


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_ F^MJA F ZQ J W ES@J[9. Qwf `fbo wdrjs i iba n, kirrydbo jqui kurrjbts fh 93.3 I, irj p ikja piri j` tf jikg ftgjr wdtg i sjpiritdfb

fh 1.33 ke njtwjjb tgje is sgfwb db hdourj. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it jikg fh tgj pfdbts S, Y iba ^.

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[dedìr`y, tgj rjsu`tibt eiobjtdk hdjà it ^ wd`` nj 5 9.;; 93 1 Q i`fbo tgj adrjktdfb pfdbtdbo upwira db tgjhdourj.

Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà it pfdbt Y auj tf tgj twf wdrjs wd`` givj jqui` eiobdtuajs nut fppfsdtj adrjktdfbs ibagjbkj tgj rjsu`tibt hdjà wd`` nj zjrf.

>. Qwf piri `j` wdrjs S iba Y pìkja it i sjpiritdfb a 5 8 ke kirry j jktrdk kurrjbts d 9 5 :I iba d > 5 >I dbfppfsdtj adrjktdfbs is sgfwb db hdourj (i). Hdba tgj pfdbt fb tgj `dbj SY wgjrj tgj rjsu`tibt eiobjtdk hdjà dszjrf.

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tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj pfdbt s iba (k) tgj hfrkj pjr ubdt `jbotg fb tgj wdrj n.


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Sioj # ?eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

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1. I kurrjbt fh >.33 I jxdsts db i squirj `ffp fh jaoj 93.3 ke. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgjsquirj `ffp.

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8/21



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:. Hdourj sgfws i squirj `ffp eiaj hrfe i ubdhfre wdrj. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj squirj dh i nittjry ds kfbbjktja njtwjjb tgj pfdbts I iba K.

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nj jqui` db eiobdtuaj iba fppfsdtj db adrjktdfb. Qgj rjsu`tibt fh tgjsj twf hdj as wd`` nj zjrf. [dedìr`y, tgjrjsu`tibt fh tgj hdjàs auj tf tgj wdrjs IA iba NK wd ` nj zjrf. Gjbkj, tgj bjt hdj a it tgj kjbtrj wd ` nj zjrf.

8. Qwf `fbo wdrjs, kirrydbo kurrjbts d 9 iba d >, irj p ikja pjrpjbadkuìr tf jikg ftgjr db sukg i wiy tgit tgjylustivfda i kfbtikt. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj fb i sei` `jbotg a` fh tgj sjkfba wdrj sdtuitja it i adstibkj ` hrfetgj hdrst wdrj.

d>d9

[f`. Qgj sdtuitdfb ds sgfwb db hdourj. Qgj eiobjtdk hdj a it tgj sdtj fh a`, auj tf tgj hdrst wdrj ds ,

>d

N 93

Qgds hdjà ds pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgj pìbj fh tgj hdourj ofdbo dbtf dt. Qgj eiobjtdk hfrkj fb tgj `jbotg a ds,aH 5 d> a N sdb 43

5>

add >93

Qgds hfrkj ds piri``j` tf tgj kurrjbt d 9.

?. Hdourj sgfws i pirt fh ib j jktrdk kdrkudt. INKA ds i rjktibouìr `ffp eiaj fh ubdhfre wdrj. Qgj `jbotg IA 5NK 5 9 ke. Qgj sdajs IN iba AK irj `fbo is kfepirja tf tgj ftgjr twf sdajs. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj

I

I N

A K

pjr ubdt `jbotg iktdbo fb tgj hdourj AK auj tf tgj wdrj IN dh tgj ieejtjr rjias 93 I.[f`. Ny syeejtry, jikg fh tgj wdrjsIN iba AK kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh : I.Is tgj sjpiritdfb njtwjjb tgje ds 9 ke,

tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj pjr ubdt `jbotg fh AK ds

a>dd

aaH >93

5 e939

) I:() I:( I

eQ93>

>

9

5 : 93 1 QI 5 : 93 1 B-e.


9/21



7. Hdourj sgfws i kurrjbt `ffp givdbo twf kdrkuìr irks lfdbja ny twf riadi` `dbjs. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N ittgj kjbtrj Y.

i n

d

KA

I N

F

[f`. Is tgj pfdbt F ds fb tgj dbj IA, tgj eiobjtdk hdj a it F auj tf IA ds zjrf. [ded ir`y, tgj hdj a it F auj tf NK

ds i`sf zjrf. Qgj hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh i kdrku ir kurrjbt `ffp ds odvjb nyN 5i>d3 . Qgj hdjà auj tf tgj kdrku ir

irj NI wd`` nj

N9 5

i>

n>d3

ofdbo dbtf tgj pìbj fh tgj hdourj. Qgj rjsu`tibt hdjà it F ds

N 5 N9 N > 5 in1)in(d

3

kfedbo fut fh tgj pìbj.

4. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj pfdbt S db hdourj. Qgj kurvja pfrtdfb ds i sjedkdrk`j iba tgj stridogt wdrj irj`fbo.

d

d

S a

[f`. Qgj eiobjtdk hdj a it S auj tf iby kurrjbt j jejbt db tgj hdourj ds pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgj p ibj fh tgj hdourj ibakfedbo fut fh dt. Qgj hdjà auj tf tgj uppjr stridogt wdrj ds

N9 5 >9

>a

>

d3 5a>d3 .

[iej ds tgj hdjà N > auj tf tgj `fwjr stridogt wdrj. Qgj hdjà auj tf tgj sjedkdrk`j fh riadus (a/>) ds

N> 5 >9

>a

>

d3 5a>d3 .

Qgj bjt hdjà ds N 5 N 9 + N> 5 a>d3 >9 .

93. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà N auj tf i kurrjbt-kirrydbo kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus 9> ke it dts kjbtrj ds 3.:3 93 1 Q. Hdbatgj eiobjtdk hdjà auj tf tgds `ffp it i pfdbt fb tgj ixds it i adstibkj fh :.3 ke hrfe tgj kjbtrj.

[f`. Qgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh i kdrkuìr `ffp ds

N3 5 i>d3

iba tgit it ib ixdi` pfdbt ds

N 5 >/;>>

>3

)xi(>

di

Qgus,3N

N5 >/;>>

;

)xi(

i


10/21



fr, N 5 (3.:3 93 1 Q) >/;>>

;

)ke>:ke911(

)ke9>(

5 ;.4 93 : Q.

99. Kfbsdajr i kfixdi kin j wgdkg kfbsdsts fh ib dbbjr wdrj fh riadus i surrfubaja ny ib futjr sgj` fh dbbjr ibafutjr riadd n iba k rjspjktdvj`y. Qgj dbbjr wdrj kirrdjs ib j`jktrdk kurrjbt d 3 iba tgj futjr sgj`` kirrdjs ibjqui` kurrjbt db fppfsdtj adrjktdfb. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i adstibkj x hrfe tgj ixds wgjrj (i) x 0 i, (n)

i 0 x 0 n (k) n 0 x 0 k iba (a) x 2 k. Issuej tgit tgj kurrjbt ajbsdty ds ubdhfre db tgj dbbjr wdrj iba i`sfubdhfre db tgj futjr sgj `.

[f`.

(i) (n) (k) (a)

I krfss-sjktdfb fh tgj kin`j ds sgfwb db hdourj. Ariw i kdrk`j fh riadus x wdtg tgj kjbtrj it tgj ixds fh tgjkin`j. Qgj pirts i, n, k iba a fh tgj hdourj kfrrjspfba tf tgj hfur pirts fh tgj prfn`je. Ny syeejtry, tgjeiobjtdk hdjà it jikg pfdbt fh i kdrk j wd`` givj tgj siej eiobdtuaj iba wd`` nj tibojbtdi` tf dt. Qgj kdrkuì-tdfb fh N i`fbo tgds kdrk j ds, tgjrjhfrj,

x>Na.N

db jikg fh tgj hfur pirts fh tgj hdourj.(i) Qgj kurrjbt jbk`fsja wdtgdb tgj kdrk`j db pirt ds

>3

i

d . x> 5 >>

3 xi

d.

Iepjrjs ìw da.N 3 odvjs

N.> x 5 >

;33

i

xdfr, N 5 >

33

i>

xd.

Qgj adrjktdfb wd`` nj i`fbo tgj tibojbt tf tgj kdrk`j.(n) Qgj kurrjbt jbk fsja wdtgdb tgj kdrk j db pirt n ds d 3 sf tgit

N > x 5 3 d3 fr, N 5 >33

i>

xd.

(k) Qgj irji fh krfss-sjktdfb fh tgj futjr sgj`` ds k> n>. Qgj irji fh krfss-sjktdfb fh tgj futjr sgj`` wdtgdb tgj kdrk`j db pirt k fh tgj hdourj ds x> n>. Qgj irji fh krfss-sjktdfb fh tgj futjr sgj`` wdtgdb tgj kdrk j dbpirt k fh tgj hdourj ds x> n>.

Qgus, tgj kurrjbt tgrfuog tgds pirt ds)nk(

)nx(d>>

>>3

. Qgds ds db tgj fppfsdtj adrjktdfb tf tgj kurrjbt d 3 db tgj dbbjr

wdrj. Qgus, tgj bjt kurrjbt jbk`fsja ny tgj kdrk`j ds

d3 5 >>

>>3

nk

)nx(d5 >>

>>3

nk

)xk(d.

Hfre Iepjrjs iw,

N > x 5 >>

>>33

nk

)xk(d

fr, N 5)nk(x>

)xk(d>>

>>33


11/21



(a) Qgj bjt kurrjbt jbk`fsja ny tgj kdrk`j db pirt a fh tgj hdourj ds zjrf iba gjbkjN > x 5 3 fr, N 5 3-.

9>. Hdourj sgfws i krfss-sjktdfb fh i ìroj ejti` sgjjt kirrydbo ib j jktrdk kurrjbt i`fbo dts surhikj. Qgjkurrjbt db i strdp fh wdatg a` ds Ma` wgjrj M ds i kfbstibt. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdbt S it i adstibkjx hrfe tgj ejti` sgjjt.

S

x

[f`. Kfbsdajr twf strdpsI iba K fh tgj sgjjt sdtuitja syeejtrdki` y fb tgj twf sdajs fh S (hdourj). Qgj eiobjtdkhdj a it S auj tftgjstrdpI dsN 3 pjrpjbadku ir tfIS iba tgit auj tf tgj strdp K ds N K pjrpjbadkuìr tf KS. Qgjrjsu`tibt fh tgjsj twf ds piri j` tf tgj wdatgIK fh tgj sgjjt. Qgj hdj a auj tf tgj wgf`j sgjjt wd`` i sf nj dbtgds adrjktdfb. [uppfsj tgds hdjà gis eiobdtuaj N.

S

x

Ni

NkK I

Fa` a`

N

N S

x

x

Qgj hdjà fb tgj fppfsdtj sdaj fh tgj sgjjt it tgj siej adstibkj wd`` i`sf nj N nut db fppfsdtj adrjktdfb. Ipp`ydbo Iepjrjs ìw tf tgj rjktibo`j sgfwb db hdourj.

>N 5 e 3 M

fr, N 5>9

3 M.

Bftj tgit dt ds dbajpjbajbt fh x.

9;. Kfbsdajr tgj sdtuitdfb ajskrdnja db tgj prjvdfus jxiep`j. I pirtdk`j fh eiss e givdbo i kgiroj q ds pìkjait i adstibkj a hrfe tgj ejti` sgjjt iba ds prfljktja tfwiras dt. Hdba tgj eixdeue vj fkdty fh prfljktdfb hfr wgdkg tgj pirtdk`j afjs bft gdt tgj sgjjt.

[f`. Is tgj eiobjtdk hdj a ds ubdhfre iba tgj pirtdk`j ds prfljktja db i adrjktdfb pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgj hdjà, dt wd`àjskrdnj i kdrkuìr pitg. Qgj pirtdk`j wd`` bft gdt tgj ejti` sgjjt. Dh tgj riadus fh tgds kdrk`j ds sei``jr tgib a.Hfr tgj eixdeue vj`fkdty, tgj riadus ds lust jqui` tf a. Qgus.

qvN 5a

ev >

fr,a

ev>M

qv>

3

fr,e>qMav 3

91. Qgrjj dajbtdki` `fbo sf`jbfdas S, Y iba ^ irj kfbbjktja tf jikg ftgjr is sgfwb db hdourj. Dh tgj eiobjtdkhdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh S ds >.3 Q, wgit wfuà nj tgj hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh Y6 Issuej tgit tgj hdjà auj tf ibysf`jbfda ds kfbhdbja wdtgdb tgj vfùej fh tgit sf`jbfda fb`y.

Y

^

S

[f`. Is tgj sf jbfdas irj dajbtdki , tgj kurrjbts db Y iba ^ wd`` nj tgj siej iba wd`` nj gi`h tgj kurrjbt db S. Qgjeiobjtdk hdj a wdtgdb i sf`jbfda ds odvjb ny N 5 3bd. Gjbkj tgj hdjà db Y wd` nj jqui tf tgj hdj a db ^ iba wd`nj gi`h tgj hdjà db S d.j., wd`` nj 9.3 Q.


12/21


Sioj # 9>eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

9:. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt d. I pirtdk`j givdbo i pfsdtdvj kgiroj q iba eiss e mjpt it i adstibkjx3 hrfe tgj wdrj ds prfljktja tfwiras dt wdtg i spjja v. Hdba tgj edbdeue sjpiritdfb njtwjjb tgj wdrj iba tgjpirtdk`j

[f`.

x3

S x

Td

@jt tgj pirtdk`j nj dbdtdi `y it S (hdourj). Qimj tgj wdrj is tgj T-ixds iba tgj hfft fh pjrpjbadkuìr hrfe S tf tgjwdrj is tgj frdodb. Qimj tgj `dbj FS is tgj W-ixds. _j givj, FS 5 x 3. Qgj eiobjtdk hdj a N it iby pfdbt tf tgjrdogt fh tgj wdrj ds i fbo tgj bjoitdvj \-ixds. Qgj eiobjtdk hfrkj fb tgj pirtdk j ds, tgjrjhfrj, db tgj WTp ibj. Is tgjrj ds bf dbdtdi` vj`fkdty i`fbo tgj \-ixds, tgj eftdfb wd`` nj db tgj WT pìbj. I`sf, dts spjja rjeidbsubkgiboja. Is tgj eiobjtdk hdjà ds bft ubdhfre, tgj pirtdk j afjs bft of i`fbo i kdrk j.

Qgj hfrkj it tdej t ds NvqH

5 q( d vx + l vy)

m

x>

d3

5 xqv l x>d33 d qv y e>

qd3 .

Qgus i x 5 eHx 5

e>qd3

x

v y5

x

v y....(d)

wgjrj 5e>qd3 .

I`sf, i x 5 atav x

axav x

atax

5axavv xx ....(dd)

Is, v x>

+ vy>

5 v>

,odvdbo vx av x 5 v y av y. .....(ddd)Hrfe (d), (dd) iba (ddd),

x

v

ax

avv yyy

fr, yav

xax

Dbdtdi``y x 5 x3 iba v y 5 3. It edbdeue sjpiritdfb hrfe tgj wdrj, v x 5 3 sf tgit v y 5 v.

Qgus x

x

v

3

y

3

av

xax

fr, `b3x

x5

v

fr, x 5 x 3 j v/ 5 x 3

qdev>

3j .

J WJ^KD[J9. Zsdbo tgj hfreuìj NvqH iba N 5 r >

d3 ,. sgfw tgit tgj [D ubds fh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N iba tgyj

pjrejind dty kfbstibt 3 eiy nj wrdttjb is B/I-e iba B/I > rjspjktdvj`y.

`w 5m NvqH rHmm N 5 r >d3 am ed=ms x alas =o dz bh'm\ r aght=s ha pq Jkag= {ms 5m N rHmm dmlxJ=rm hu=rmi a 3 ag

namn\ =m j'm% B/I-e rHmm B/I > hy]mg tm àrg o[I


13/21


Sioj # 9;eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

>. I kurrjbt fh 93I ds jstin`dsgja db i `fbo wdrj i fbo tgj pfsdtdvj \-ixds. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj pfdbt(9e, 3, 3).

/mum^ja \- v{m as vuq hb'm h@Hmr ,a yJks rml js i 93 I /mmlm dz fmhor ag tm log o[I hkZbq (9e, 3, 3) dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N Mmr aght=sIIbs. > Q i`fbo tgj pfsdtdvj T-ixds

;. I kfppjr wdrj fh adiejtjr 9.8 ee kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh >3 I. Hdba tgj eixdeue eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk

hdjà N auj tf tgds kurrjbt.9.8 hjjg F=m` fmys ,a rmi ks as rml `s >3 I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I n` /mmlm as aml.m e^dZu pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am vh/marj dhljm.m Mmr aght=sIIbs. :.3 e Q

1. I tribsedssdfb wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh 933 I. _git wfuà nj tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it i pfdbt fb tgj rfia dh tgj wdrj ds 7 e infvj tgj rfia 6 ,a ì pl.m rml js i 933I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I =hb rml È+ a `s 7 jg- dl o[ rms È+ a dl h@Hmr ha g hkZbq dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m ag rgfz rm N harug oms xgP

:. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh 9.3 I ds pìkja gfrdzfbti``y db i ubdhfre eiobjtdk hdjàN 5 9.3 93 : Q pfdbtdbo vjrtdki``y upwira (hdourj). Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj rjsut ibt eiobjtdk hdjà it tgjpfdbts S iba Y, nftg sdtuitja it i adstibkj fh >.3 ke hrfe tgj wdrj db tgj siej gfrdzfbti` pìbj. /fm\ /ml dl ag vms l ni hxr `j.3 `s jg bw l h@Hmr o[I

8. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj fh riadus r kirrdjs i kurrjbt d iba ds pìkja gfrdzfbti` y db i ubdhfre eiobjtdk hdjà Npfdbtdbo vjrtdki `y upwira. Qgj kurrjbt ds ubdhfre`y adstrdnutja fvjr dts krfss-sjktdfb. (i) It wgit pfdbts wd``tgj rjsu`tibt eiobjtdk hdjà givj eixdeue eiobdtuaj6 _git wd`` nj tgit eixdeue eiobdtuaj6 (n) _gitwd`` nj tgj edbdeue eiobdtuaj fh tgj rjsu`tibt eiobjtdk hdj a6 /fm\ /ml dl ag vms l ni hxr ,a `jd3 , N

r >d3 dh r 2

N>d3

?. I `fbo vjrtdki` wdrj kirydbo i kurrjbt fh ;3 I ds pìkja db ib jxtjrbi`, ubdhfre eiobjtdk hdj a fh 1.3 93 1 Qpiri` j` tf tgj kurrjbt. Hdba tgj eiobbdtuaj fh tgj rjsu`tibt eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdbt >.3 ke iwiy hrfe tgjwdrj. ,a yJkm ,fi `g/ms rml `s ;3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I =o rml ,a km `j, I > iba I 1. hp5m js i bms `jmumZrl rmlms i ams dz bh'm\ r ha=m x=m o[I htuas j/= 1.3 `s jg bw lg o[I nu rmlms i js i 93 I ag `jmu /mmlm, dl@dl hfdhlr hb'mmvms i js i dz fmhor oms log o[I hkZbq vms i I 9, I >, I > rHmm I 1 dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am dhljm.m Mmr aght=sI


14/21



Ibs. : 93 1 Q

93. Qwf piri` j` wdrjs kirry jqui` kurrjbts fh 93 I i`fbo tgj siej adrjktdfb iba irj sjpiritja ny i adstibkj fh >.3 ke. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdbt wgdkg ds >.3 ke iwiy hrfe jikg fh tgjsj wdrjs. bms `jmumZrl rmlms i as j/= >.3 `s jg bw l o[U rHmm nujs i 93 I ag `jmu /mmlm, ,a og hb'mm js i dz fmhor oms log o[I nu rmlms i `s dz ^=s a `s >.3 `s jg bw lg dl h@Hmr hkZbq dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sIIbs. (i) 3.8? 93 1 Q (n) >.? 93 1 Q (k) >.3 93 1 Q (a) 9.3 9.3 1 Q

99. Qwf `fbo, stridogt wdrjs, jikg kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh : I, irj p ikja i`fbo tgj W-ixds iba T-ixds rjspjktdvj`y.Qgj kurrjbts pfdbt i`fbo tgj pfsdtdvj adrjktdfb fh tgj ixjs. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjàs it tgj pfdbts (i) (9 e ,9e), (n) (9 e, 9e), (k) (9 e, 9e) iba (a) (9e, 9e).

bms yJks ,fi `g/ms rmlms i js i dz ^=s a `s : I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I =o rml j'm% W-v{m rHmm T-v{mms i as vuq hb'm l]ms oq , o[ iI/mmlmvms i ag hb'mm, /mum^ja v{mms i as vuq hb'm o[I hkZbq vms i (i) (9 jg , 9 jg ), (n) (9 jg , 9 jg ), (k) (9 jg , 9 jg ) vm[ l (a) (9 jg , 9 jg )Ibs. (i) zjrf (n) >eQ i fbo tgj \-ixds (k) zjrf iba (a) > Q i`fbo tgj bjoitdvj \-ixds

9>. Hfur `fbo stridogt wdrjs, jikg kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh :.3 I, irj p ikja db i p ikja db i p ibj is sgfwb db hdourj.Qgj pfdbts fh dbtjrsjktdfb hrfe squirj fh sdaj :.3 ke. (i) Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj S fh tgjsquirj. (n) Y 9, Y >, Y ; iba Y 1 irj pfdbts sdtuitja fb tgj adiofbi s fh tgj squirj iba it i adstibkj hrfe S tgitds jqui` tf tgj `jbotg fh tgj adiofbi` fh tgj squirj. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjàs it tgjsj pfdbts. pml yJks ,fi `g/ms rmlms i js i dz ^=s a `s :.3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nuams hp5mmuq `ml l]mm x=m o[I rmlms i as aXmu hkZbq :.3 `s jg Gmq tm am fx\ huhj\ r alrs o[ iI (i) fx\ as as Zbz S dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI (n) Y 9, Y >, Y ; rHmm Y1 hkZbq S `s hfa.m\ ag yJkmn\ as klmkl bw lg dl h@Hmr o[I nu hkZbq vms i dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI

Ibs. (i) zjrf (n) Y 9 < 9.9 93 1 Q, , Y> < zjrf, Y ; < 9.9 93

1 Q, , iba Y 1 < zjrf

9;. Hdourjs sgfws i `fbo wdrj njbt it tgj edaa`j tf hfre i rdogt ibo j. [gfw tgit tgj eiobdtuajs fh tgj eiobjtdkhdjàs it tgj pfdbts S, Y, ^ iba [ irj jqui` iba hdba tgds eiobdtuaj. hp5m js i ,a yJkm rml dz bh'm\ r ha=m x=m o[I ht`s j/= js i `jams .m dl jms E+ m x=m o[I dz bh'm\ r aght=s ha hkZbq vms i S, Y,^ rHmm [ dl pq Jkag= {ms 5mms i as dhljm.m `jmu o[ rHmm n` {ms 5m am jmu Mmr aght=sI

Ibs.a1d3

91. Kfbsdajr i stridogt pdjkj fh `jbotg x fh i wdrj kirrydbo i kurrjbt d. @jt S nj i pfdbt fb tgj pjrpjbadkuìr ndsjktfr fh tgj pdjkj, sdtuitja it i adstibkj a hrfe dts edaa j pfdbt. [gfw tgit hfr a 2 2 x, tgj eiobjtdk hdjàit S virdjs is 9/a > wgjrjis hfr a 0 0 x, dt virdjs is 9/a. rml as x yJkmn\ as ,a `g/ms Xq aE+s dl hfpml aght=sI ht``s d/mmlm dz fmhoroms log o[I jmum ha rml as yJkv/m\ a dlU


15/21


Sioj # 9:eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

j/= hkZbq `s a bw lg dl ,a hkZbq dl ,a hkZbq S dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m a 2 2 x as hy=s 9/a > as vuq `ml dhlfhr\ r oms rm o[I tkha a 0 0 x as hy, 9/a as vuq `ml dhlfhr\ r oms rm o[I

9:. Kfbsdajr i 93 ke `fbo pdjkj fh i wdrj wgdkg kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh 93 I. Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdkhdjà auj tf tgj pdjkj it i pfdbt wgdkg eimjs ib jqudìtjri` trdibo`j wdtg tgj jbas fh tgj pdjkj.93 `s jg yJks rml as Xq aE+ s dl hfpml aght=sI ht``s 93I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I nàs h`lms i `s `jkmoq h5mGmq t kumus fmys hkZbq dl n` Xq aE+ s as aml.m pq Jkag= {ms 5m am dhljm.m Mmr aght=sI

Ibs. 99.: Q98. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt d. @jt N 9 nj tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdt S it i adstibkj a hrfe tgj wdrj.

Kfbsdajr i sjktdfb fh `jbotg ` fh tgds wdrj sukg tgit tgj pfdbt S `djs fb i pjrpjbadkuìr ndsjktfr fh tgj sjktdfb.@jt N> nj tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgds pfdbt auj tf tgds sjktdfb fb`y. Hdba tgj viùj fh a/ sf tgit N > adhhjrs hrfeN9 ny 9%. ,a yJks ,fi `g/ms rml `s d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I jmum ha rml `sa bw lg dl h@Hmr hkZbq S dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N9 o[I n` rml as yJkmn\ as ,a Gmmx dl hfpml aght=s tms ,a dz aml h@Hmr o[ ha n` Gmmx as yJk v/m\ a dl hkZbq S h@Hmr o[I jmum ha as fy n` Gmmx as aml.m hkZbq S dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N> o[I a/ am jmu Mmr aght=sI htàs hy=s N> am N9 s vZrl 9% omsI

9?. Hdourj sgfws i squirj `ffp INKA wdtg jaoj- jbotg . Qgj rjsdstibkj fh tgj wdrj INK ds r iba tgit fh IAK ds>r. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj `ffp issuedbo ubdhfre wdrjs.

hp5m js i ,a fxm\ aml yw d INKA dz bh'm\ r o[I htàg Gmq tm ag yJkmn\ i o[I rml INK am dz hrlms/m r rHmm rml IAK am dz hrlms/m >r o[I rmlms i am `j 3 ,

97. Hdourj sgfws i squirj `ffp fh jaoj i eiaj fh i ubdhfre wdrj. I kurrjbt d jbtjrs tgj `ffp it tgj pfdbt I iba

`jivjs dt it tgj pfdbt K. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdj a it tgj pfdbt S wgdkg ds fb tgj pjrpjbadkuìr ndsjktfr fh IN iti adstibkj i/1 hrfe dt. hp5m js i dz bh'm\ r fxm\ aml yw d `j3. Qgj wdrj INK sgfwb db hdourj hfres ib jqudìtjri` trdibo`j. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj F fh tgjtrdibo j issuedbo tgj wdrj tf nj ubdhfre. hp5m js i dz bh'm\ r rml INK ,a `jkmoq h5mGmq t kumrm o[I rml ams `j


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>9. I wdrj fh `jbotg dsnjbt db tgj hfre fh ib jqudìtjri` trdibo j iba kirrdjs ib j`jktrdk kurrjbt d. (i) Hdba tgjeiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj. (n) Dh tgj wdrj ds njbt db tgj hfre fh i squirj, wgit wfuà nj tgj viùj fh N ittgj kjbtrj 6 yJkmn\ am ,a rml `jkmoq h5mGmq t ag vmhr js i jms E+ m x=m o[ rHmm n` s d hf|q r /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I (i) as Zbz dl pq Jkag=

{ms 5m N Mmr aght=sI (n) =hb rml ams fxm\ aml vmhr js i jms E+ m x=m oms rm rms as Zbz dl N harum oms rm 6>>. I `fbo wdrj kirrydbo i kurrjbt d ds njbt tf hfre i p ibj ibo`j . Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it i pfdbt fb tgj

ndsjktfr fh tgds ibo`j sdtuitja it i adstibkj x hrfe tgj vjrtjx. ,a yJks rml `s d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàms n` dz aml jms E+ m x=m o[ ha =o `jry js i ams .m kumrm o[I n` ams .m asv/m\ a dl rHmm 'mg"m\ `s x bw lg dl h@Hmr hkZbq dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI

Ibs. x>

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i

>;. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh i rjktibouìr `ffp fh `jbotg ` iba wdatg n, kirrydbo i kurrjbt d. yJkmn\ rHmm n pm[ E+ mn\ as vm=rmaml yw d `sd/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàs as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N Mmr aght=sI

Ibs.`n>

n`d> >>3

>1. I rjouìr pf yofb fh b sdajs ds hfreja nynjbadbo i wdrj fh tfti `jbotg > r wgdkg kirrdjs i kurrjbt d. (i) Hdbatgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj pf`yofb. (n) Ny `jttdbo b , ajaukj tgj jxprjssdfb hfr tgjeiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh i kdrkuìr kurrjbt. ,a rml ag aq y yJkmn\ > r o[ rHmm n` s d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I n` rml ams jms E+ al b ,a `jmu Gmq tmvms i fmym `j koq Gmq t

kum=m tmrm o[I (i) koq Gmq t as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI (n) b , jmurs oq , ,a fc mmaml /mmlm as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m as hy=s F=i ta F=q ^dZu aght=sI

Ibs. (i)r >

btib

bsdbdb

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>3

(n)

>:. Jikg fh tgj nittjrdjs sgfwb db hdoujr gis ib jeh jqui` tf : X. [gfw tgit tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgjpfdbt S ds zjrf hfr iby sjt fh viùjs fh tgj rjsdstibkjs. hp5m js i dz bh'm\ r dz ^=s a k[ Xlg am hf-fm-ky : X o[I dz bh'm\ r aght=s ha dz hrlms/mms i as `jw o as haZog Gmg jmums i as hy=s hkZbq S dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am jmu 'mw Z= og los xmI

S

Ibs.

>8. I stridogt, `fbo wdrj kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh >3I. Ibftgjr wdrj kirrydbo jqui kurrjbt ds p ikja piri j` tf dt. Dh tgjhfrkj iktdbo fb i `jbotg fh 93 ke fh tgj sjkfba wdrj ds >.3 93 : B, wgit ds tgj sjpiritdfb njtwjjb tgje 6 ,a `g/ms ,fi yJks rml `s >3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I ,a vZ= rml nàs `jmumZrl l]mm x=m o[I ht``s `jmu /mmlm dz fmhor

oms log o[I =hb bw `ls rml ag 93 `s jg yJkmn\ dl >.3 93 :

B ky yx lom oms rms bms ums i as j/= harug bw lg o[PIbs. 13 ke>?. Qgrjj kfpìbir piri` j` wdrjs jikg kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh 93 I i fbo tgj siej adrjktdfb, irj pìkja wdtg i

sjpiritdfb :.3 ke njtwjjb tgj kfbsjkutdvj fbjs. Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj pjr ubdt `jbotg


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Sioj # 9?eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

iktdbo fb tgj wdrjs. ,a `jry js i h@Hmr rgu `jmumZrl rmlms i js i dz ^=s a `s 93 I /mmlm ,a og hb'mm js i dz fmhor oms log o[I nuas j/= jmxr 7. Qwf piri j` wdrjs sjpiritja nyi adstibkj fh 93 ke kirry kurrjbts fh 93I iba 13I i fbo tgj siej adrjktdfb._gjrj sgfuà i tgdra kurrjbt nj pìkja sf tgit dt jxpjrdjbkjs bf eiobjtdk hfrkj693 `s jg bw lg dl h@Hmr bms `jmumZrl rmlms i `s 93 I rHmm 13 I /mmlm, ,a og hb'mm js i dz fmhor oms log o[I ,a rg`ls /mmlmfmog rml ams ha` @Hmmu dl l]mm tm=s ha =o ams n\ pq Jkag= ky vuq Gmf uogi alsPIbs. > ke hrfe tgj 93 I kurrjbt iba 7 ke hrfe tgj ftgjr

>4. Hdourj sgfws i pirt fh ib j jktrdk kdrkudt. Qgj wdrjs IN, KA iba JH irj `fbo iba givj dajbtdki rjsdstibkjs.Qgj sjpiritdfb njtwjjb tgj bjdognfurdbo wdrjs sd 9.3 ke. Qgj wdrjs IJ iba NH givj bjo`dodn`j rjsdstibkjiba tgj ieejtjr rjias ;3 I. Ki`ku itj tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj pjr ubdt `jbotg fh IN iba KA. hp5m js i ha`g hf|q r dhldHm am ,a Gmmx dz bh'm\ r o[I rml IN, KA ,fi JH yJks o[ rHmm nuas dz hrlms/m ,a `jmu o[I `jgd fmys bms rmlms i as j/= 9.3 `s jg bw lg o[I rmlms i IJ rHmm NH as dz hrlms/m ux.= o[ vm[ l vjgXl am dmN~=mi a ;3 I o[I IN rHmm KA ag namn\ yJkmn\ dl pq Jkag= ky as dhljm.m ag x.mum aght=sI

I K A

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Ibs. ; 93 ; B/e, afwbwira zjrf

;3. I `fbo, stridogt wdrj ds hdxja gfrdzfbti` y iba kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh :3.3 I, I sjkfba wdrj givdbo `dbjir eissajbsdty 9.3 93 1 mo/e ds pìkja piri``j` tf iba adrjkt`y infvj tgds wdrj it i sjpiritdfb fh :.3 ee. _gitkurrjbt sgfuà tgds sjkfba wdrj kirry sukg tgit tgj eiobjtdk rjpu`sdfb kib niìbkj dts wjdogt 6

;9. I squirj `ffp SY^[ kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh 8.3 I ds p ikja bjir i `fbo wdrj kirrydbo 93I is sgfwb db hdourj (i)[gfwtgit tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj iktdbo fb tgj pirt SY ds jqui iba fppfsdtj tf tgit fb tgj pirt ^[. (n) Hdba tgjeiobjtdk hfrkj fb tgj squirj `ffp.

,a yJks rml `s 93 I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U hp5mmuq `ml nàs `jgd h@Hmr ,a fxm\ aml yw d SY^[ `s 8.3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I (i) dz bh'm\ r aght=s ha Gmmx SY dl pq Jkag= kyU Gmmx ^[ dl ky as klmkl rHmm hfdhlr o[I (n) fxm\ aml yw d dl pq Jkag= ky Mmr aght=sI

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Ibs. (n) 9.8 93 8 B tfwiras rdogt.

;>. I kdrku ir `ffp fh fbj turb kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh :.33I. Dh tgj eiobjtdk hdj a N it tgj kjbtrj ds 3.>33 eQ, hdba tgjriadus fh tgj `ffp.

;;. I kurrjbt kirrydbo kdrkuìr kfd` fh 933 turbs iba radus :.3 ke prfaukjs i eiobjtdk hdjà fh 8.3 93 : Q it dtskjbtrj. Hdba tgj vi uj fhtgj kurrjbt.

;1. Ib j jktrfb eimjs ; 93 : rjvf utdfbs pjr sjkfba db i kdrk j fh riadus 3.: ibostrfe. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdj aN it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj kdrk`j.

;:. I kfbauktdbo kdrkuìr `ffp fh riadus i ds kfbbjktja tf twf `fbo, stridogt wdrjs. Qgj stridogt wdrjs kirry ikurrjbt d is sgfwb db hdourj. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj `ffp. ,a i h5mQ=m am fc mmaml pmya yw d bms yJks ,fi `g/ms rmlms i `s tq E+ m oq vm o[I `g/ms rmlms i `s hp5mmuq `ml d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I yw d as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI


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;8. Qwf kdrku ir kfd s fh riadd :.3 ke iba 93 ke kirry jqui` kurrjbts fh >.3 I. Qgj kfd`s givj :3 iba 933 turbsrjspjktdvj`y iba irj pìkja db sukg i wiy tgit tgjdr pìbjs is wj`` is tgj kjbtrj kfdbkdaj. Hdba tgj eiobd-

tuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kfeefb kjbtrj fh tgj kurrjbts db tgj kfd`s irj (i) db tgj siej sjbsj (n)db tgj fppfsdtj sjbsj.:.3 `s jg ,fi 93 `s jg h5mQ=m fmyg fc mmaml aq .Ehy=ms i `s >.3I ag `jmu /mmlm, dz fmhor oms log o[I nujs i Ys lms i ag ì ]=m, j'm% :3 ,fi 933 o[I aq .Ehy=ms i ams n` dz aml l]mm x=m o[ ha euas as Zbz rHmm ry bms ums i `Jdmhrr o[I aq .Ehy=ms i as eGm=hu"N as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m am jmu Mmr aght=sI =hb aq .Ehyms i js i dz fmhor /mmlm, (i) ,a og hb'mm js i o[I (n) hfdhlr hb'mm js i o[IIbs. zjrf 'mw Z=

;?. Dh tgj futjr kfd fh tgj prjvdfus prfn je ds rftitja tgrfuog 43infut i adiejtjr, wgit wfu a nj tgj eiobdtuajfh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj6 =hb hdBys dz 'u js i kmolg aq .Eyg ams nàs F=m` as dhlr% 43 `s 6mq jm hb=m tm=sI as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am dhljm.m harum oms xmPIbs. 9.7 eQ

;7. I kdrkuìr `ffp fh riadus >3 ke kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh 93 I. Ib j`jktrfb krfssjs tgj pìbj fh tgj `ffp wdtg ispjja fh >.3 93 8 e/s. Qgj adrjktdfb fh eftdfb eimjs ib ibo j fh ;3 wdtg tgj ixds fh tgj kdrk`j iba pissjstgrfuog dts kjbtrj. Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hfrkj fb tgj j`jktrfb it tgj dbstibt dt krfssjs tgjpìbj.>3 `s jg h5mQ=m fmys ,a fc mmaml yw d `s 93I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I yw d as ry ams ,a nys AX m_ u >.3 93 8 jg / `s- pmy `s dml alrm o[I xhr ag hb'mm fc m ag v{m `s ;3 ams .m kumrg o[ rHmm nàs as Zbz `s xq tlrg o[I ht` {m.m nys AX m_ u yw d as ry ams dml alrm o[I n` dl pq Jkag= ky am dhljm.m Mmr aght=sI

;4. I kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus kirrdjs i kurrjbt D. Ibftgjr kdrkuìr `ffp fh riadus r (00 ) kirrdjs i kurrjbt d ibads p ikja it tgj kjbtrj f tgj ìrojr `ffp. Qgj p ibjs fh tgj twf kdrk js irj it rdogt ibo j tf jikg ftgjr. hdba tgj

tfrquj iktdbo fb tgj sei``jr `ffp.^ h5mQ=m fmys fc mmaml yw d `s /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I ,a vZ= yw d htàg h5mt=m r (00^) o[ rHmm d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I kE+ s yw d as as Zbz dl l]mm oq vm o[I bms ums i fc mms i as ry dl@dl yJkfr~ o[I Bms Xs yw d dl yxus fmym ky vm6mw .m\ Mmr aght=sI

13. I kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus r kirrydbo i kurrjbt d ds gj`h it tgj kjbtrj fh ibftgjr kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus^(22r) kirrydbo i kurrjbt . Qgj pìbj fh tgj sei``jr `ffp eimjs ib ibo`j fh ;3 wdtg tgit fh tgj ìrojr `ffp. Dh tgj sei``jr `ffp ds gjà hdxja db tgds pfsdtdfb ny ipp`ydbo i sdbo`j hfrkj it i pfdbt fb dtspjrdpgjry, wgit wfuà nj tgj edbdeue e iobdtuaj fh tgds hfrkj6r h5mQ=m as fc mmaml yw d `s d /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàms^(22r) h5mQ=m as ,a vZ= fc mmaml yw d ht` s /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U as as Zbz dl l]mm x=m o[I Bms Xs yw d am ry kE+ s yw d as ry `s ;3 ams .m kumrm o[I =hb Bms Xs yw d ag dhlh/m as ha`g hkZbq dl ,a ky yxmal yw d ams h@Hml l]mm tm=s rms n` ky am Z=w urj dhljm.m harum oms um pmho=sI

Ibs. ^1r d3

19. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N auj tf i sjedkdrku ir wdrj fh riadus 93.3 ke kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh :.3 I it dtskjbtrj fh kurviturj.93.3 `s jg h5mQ=m as v/m\ fc mmaml rml js i :.3 I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàs frm as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am dhljm.m Mmr aght=sI

1>. I pdjkj fh wdrj kirrydb i kurrjbt fh 8.33 I ds njbt db tgj hfre fh i kdrkuìr irk fh riadus 93.3 ke, iba dtsuntjbas ib ibo`j fh 9>3 it tgj kjbtrj. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà N auj tf tgds pdjkj fh wdrj it tgjkjbtrj. ,a rml as Xq aE+ s `s 8.33 I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàms93.3 `s jg h5mQ=m as fc mmaml pmd as 3 ams .m huhj\ r alrm o[I n` Xq aE+s as aml.m as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI

1;. I kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus r kirrdjs i kurrjbt d. Gfw sgfuà i `fbo, stridogtr wdrj kirrydbo i kurrjbt 1d nj p ikjadb tgj pìbj fh tgj kdrk`j sf tgit tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj njkfejs zjrf6r h5mQ=m as fc mmaml yw d `s d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I ,a yJks ,fi `g/ms rmlU ht``s 1d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U ams fc m as


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ry js i ha` dz aml l]mm tm=s ha as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m 'mw Z= oms tm=sPIbs. it i adstibkj fh 1r/ hrfe tgj kjbtrj db sukg i wiy tgit tgj adrjktdfb fh tgj kurrjbt db dt ds fppfsdtj tftgit db tgj bjirjst pirt fh tgj kdrkuìr wdrj

11. I kdrku ir kfd` fh >33 turbs gis i riadus fh 93 ke iba kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh >.3 I. (i) Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj

eiobjtdk hdjà N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj kfd`. (n) It wgit adstibkj hrfe tgj kjbtrj i`fbo tgj ixds fh tgj kfd` wd`

tgj hdjà N arfp tf gi`h dts viùj it tgj kjbtrj 6 ( ; 1 5 9.:7?1 ....)

>33 Ys lms i ,fi 93 `s jg h5mQ=m fmyg fc mmaml aq .Eyg `s >.3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I (i) aq .Eyg as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N Mmr aght=sI (n) aq .Eyg ag v{m dl as Zbz `s harug bw lg dl h@Hmr hkZbq dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m am jmu N, as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m as jmu am vm/mm lo tm=s xmP ( ; 1 5 9.:7?1 ....)

1:. I kdrku ir `ffp fh riadus 1.3 ke ds pìkja db i gfrdzfbti` p ibj iba kirrdjs ib j`jktrdk kurrjbt fh :.3 I db tgjk`fkmwdsj adrjktdfb is sjjb hrfe infvj. hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà (i) it i pfdbt ;.3 ke infvj tgj kjbtrj fh tgj`ffp (n) it i pfdbt ;.3 ke nj`fw tgj kjbtrj fh tgj `ffp.{m[ hrt ry js i l]ms oq , 1.3 `s jg h5mQ=m as ,a fc mmaml yw d `s :.3I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I dl `s bs ]mus dl /mmlm ag hb'mm bh{m.mmfr\ o[I pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI (i) yw d as as Zbz `s ;.3 `s jg dl h@Hmr hkZbq dl (n) yw d as as Zbz `s ;.3 `s jg ugps h@Hmr hkZbq dlI

Ibs. < 1.3 93 :

Q, afwbwiras db nftg tgj kisjs

18. I kgiroj fh;.91 93 8 K ds adstrdnutja ubdhfre`y fvjr i kdrku ir rdbo fh riadus >3.3 ke. Qgj rdbo rftitjs infutdts ixds wdtg ib ibouìr vj fkdty fh 83.3 ria/s. Hdba tgj ritdf fh tgj j jktrdk hdjà tf eiobjtdk hdj a it i pfdbt fbtgj ixds it i adstibkj fh :.33 ke hrfe tgj kjbtrj.>3.3 `s jg h5mQ=m ag ,a fc mmaml fy= dl ;.91 93 8 aw ym_ j vmfs 'm ,a `jmu hrfe tgj surhikj (i) dbsdaj tgj tunj (n) futsdaj tgj tunj.

,a dryg haZrq yJkgU ]mms ]myg ks yumaml uhyam ag h5mQ=m r o[U n``s yJkmn\ as vuq hb'm d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I `ro `s r/> bw lg dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI (i) uhyam as vZbl (n) uhyam as kmol

Ibs. (i) zjrf (n)n>d3

17. I `fbo, ky`dbardki tunj fh dbbjr iba futjr riadd i iba n kirrdjs i kurrjbt d adstrdnutja ubdhfre`y fvjr dts krfss-sjktdfb. Hdba tgj eiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it i pfdbt (i) Lust dbsdaj tgj tunj (n) lust futsdaj tgj tunj. ,a yJkg ks yumaml uhyam ag vmi rhla ,fi km h5mQ=m, j'm% i rHmm n o[I uhyam `s dz fmhor d/mmlm nàs vuq dz @Hm amX js i ,a `jmu 3 ke iwiyhrfe tgj ixds. [mjtkg i oripgfh N vjrsus x hfr 3 0 x 0 >3 ke.93 `s jg h5mQ=m fmys Nms ` rml `s dz fmhor :.3I /mmlm nàs vuq dz @Hm amX js i ,a `jmu `s jg (n) 93 `s jg rHmm (k) >3 `s jg bw l h@Hmr hkZbq vms i dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m am dhljm.m Mmr aght=sI 3 0 x 0 >3 `s jg as hy=s x as `mds{m N am ys ]mmhp5m Gmg kumn=s I

:9. [fej tdej wj sgfw ib daji dsja eiobjtdk hdjà wgdkg ds ubdhfre db i odvjb rjodfb iba hi` s tf zjrf inrupt`y.Fbj sukg hdj a ds rjprjsjbtja db hdourj. Zsdbo Iepjrj's ìw fvjr tgj pitg SY^[, sgfw tgit sukg i hdjà ds bftpfssdn`j. aGmg&aGmg oj ,a ,s `m vmb'm\ pq Jkag= {ms 5m dz bh'm\ r alrs o[ i tms hbs =s x=s {ms 5m js i `j


20/21


Sioj # >3eibdsgmueirpgysdks.db

:>. Qwf ìroj ejti sgjjts kirry surhikj kurrjbts is sgfwb db hdourj. Qgj kurrjbt tgrfuog i strdp fh wdatg a` ds Ma`wgjrj M ds i kfbstibt. Hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj pfdbt S, Y iba ^./mmrq ag bms hf'mmy dhX~ Xamvms i js i hp5mmuq `ml `ro /mmlm, dz fmhor oms log o[I a pm[ E+ mn\ ag ,a dX~ Xg `s Ma /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I tom M hu=rmi a o[I hkZbq vms i S, Y rHmm ^ dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr aght=sI

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Ibs. 3, 3 M tfwiras rdogt db tgj hdourj, 3:;. Kfbsdajr tgj sdtuitdf fh tgj prjvdfus prfn`je. I pirtdk`j givdbo kgiroj q iba eiss e ds prfljktja hrfe tgj

pfdbt Y db i adrjktdfb ofdbo dbtf tgj pìbj fh tgj adiorie. Dt ds hfuba tf ajskrdnj i kdrk`j fh riadus r njtwjjbtgj twf pìtjs. Hdba tgj spjja fh tgj kgiroja pirtdk`j. hdBys dz 'u js i fh.m\ r dhlh@Hmhr dl hfpml aght=sI e bz F=jmu rHmm q vmfs 'm fmym ,a a.m hkZbq Y `s hp5m as ry as vZbl tmus fmyg hb'mm js i dz{ms hdr ha=m tmrm o[I a.m bms ums i dhX~ Xamvms i as j/= r h5mQ=m as fc mmaml dHm dl xhr alrm o[I vmfs h'mr a.m ag pmy Mmr aght=sI

:1. Qgj eiobjtdk hdj a N dbsdaj i `fbo sf jbfda, kirrydbo i kurrjbt fh :.33I, ds ;.91 93 > Q. Hdba tgj buenjr fh turbs pwr ubdt `jbotg fh tgj sf`jbfda. ,a yJkg dhluhyam js i :.33I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I nàs vZbl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am dhljm.m ;.91 93 > Xs @ym o[I dhluhyam ag ,ami a yJkmn\ js i Ys lms i ag ì ]=m Mmr aght=sIIbs. :333 turbs/e

::. I `fbo sf jbfda ds hinrdkitja ny k fsj y wdbadbo i wdrj fh riadus 3.: ee fvjr i ky dbardki` bfbeibojtdk hriejsf tgit tgj sukkjssdvj turbs bjir y tfukg jikg ftgjr. _git wfuà nj tgj eiobjtdk hdj a N it tgj kjbtrj fh tgjsf`jbfda dh dt kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh : I6 ,a yJkg vpq Jkag= s j dl 3.: hjjg h5mQ=m am rml dm`&dm` yds X al ,a yJkg dhluhyam kumn\ tmrg o[U rml ams n` dz aml yds Xm tmrm o[ ha jmxr Ys ls ,a&bw `ls ams @d'm\ alrs o[ iI =hb n``s : I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log oms rms dhluh

as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m N am jmu harum oms xmPIbs. > 93 ; Q:8 I kfppjr wdrj givdbo rjsdstibkj 3.39fge db jikg ejtrj ds usja tf wdba i 133 turb sf jbfda fh riadus 9.3 ke

iba `jbotg >3 ke. Hdba tgj jeh fh i nittjry wgdkg wgjb kfbbjktja ikrfss tgj sf jbfda wd ` kiusj i eiobjtdkhdjà fh 9.3 93 > Q bjir tgj kjbtrj fh tgj sf jbfda. ,a rmi ks as rml ag namn\ yJkmn\ amdz hrlms/m 3.39 vms j o[U nàm ed=ms x alas 9.3 `s jg h5mQ=m rHmm >3 `s jg yJkmn\ ag dhluhyam as 133 Ys ls yds Xs tmrs o[I e` k[ Xlg am hf-fm-ky Mmr aght=sI htàms n` dhluhyam `s tms E+ us dlU dhluhyam as as Zbz dl 9.3 93 > Xs @ym am pq Jkag= {ms 5m e^dZu omsIIbs. > 93 ; Q

:?. I tdogt`y wfuba sf`jbfda fh riadus i iba `jbotg ` gis b turjbs pjr ubdt `jbotg. Dt kirrdjs ib j`jktrdk kurrjbt d.Kfbsdajr i `jbotg ax fh tgj sf`jbfda it i adstibkj x hrfe fbj jba. Qgds kfbtdibs b ax turbs iba eiy nj

ipprfxdeitja is i kdrku ir kurrjbt db ax. (i) _rdtj tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj sf`jbfda auj tf tgdskdrkuìr kurrjbt. Dbtjoritj tgds jxprjssdfb ubajr prfpjr `dedts tf hdba tgj eiobjtdk hdjà it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj

sf jbfda. (n) Xirdhy tgit dh 22 i, tgj hdjà tjbas tf N 5 3 bd iba dh i 22 9,tgj hdjà tjbas tfN 5 i>bd`

. Dbtjrprjt

tgjsj rjsu`ts. ,a a` al yds Xg oq n\ dhluhyam ag h5mQ=m i rHmm yJkmn\ o[I nàg dz hr namn\ yJkmn\ js i Ys lms i ag ì ]=m b o[I n``s d/mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I dhluhyam as ,a h`ls `s x bw lg dl ax yJkmn\ dl hfpml aght=sI n`js i b ax Ys ls o[ i rHmm nàmsdbax jmu ag fc mmaml /mmlm as rq T= jmum tm àrm o[I (i) n` fc mmaml /mmlm as aml.m dhluhyam as as Zbz dl pq Jkag= {ms 5m Mmr alus as hy=s n` F=i ta am ehpr `gjmvms i js i `jmayu aght=sI (n) tm p aght=s ha =hb 22 i, rms {ms 5m

N 5 3

bd rHmm =hb i 22 , rms {ms 5m N 5i>

bd` as rq T= oms tmrm o[I vdus eml ag F=m]=m aght=sI

Ibs. (i)>

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bd


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Kgiptjr # ;: Eiobjtdk Hdjà auj tf I kurrjbt:7. I tdogt y wfuba, `fbo sf`jbfda kirrdjs i kurrjbt fh >.33 I. Ib j`jktrfb ds hfuba tf jxjkutj i ubdhfre kdrku ir

eftdfb dbsdaj tgj sf`jbfda wdtg i hrjqujbky fh 9.33 93 7 rjv/s. Hdba tgj buenjr fh turbs pjr ejtrj db tgjsf`jbfda. ,a aàl yds Xg oq n\ yJkg dhluhyam js i >.33 I /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I dhluhyam js i ,a nys AX m_u 9.33 93 7 pAalC`s a.E ag vmfc hm `s ,a `jmu fc mg= xhr alrm oq vm dm=m tmrm o[I dhluhyam js i dz hr jgXl Ys lms i ag ì ]=m Mmr aght=sIIbs. < 9>13

:4. I tdogt`y-wfuà, `fbo sf jbfda gis b turbs pjr ubdt `jbotg, i riadus r iba kirrdjs i kurrjbt d. I pirtdk`jgivdbo kgiroj q iba eiss e ds prfljktja hrfe i pfdbt fb tgj ixds db i adrjktdfb pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgjixds. _git kib nj tgj eixdeue spjja hfr wgdkg tgj pirtdk`j afjs bft strdmj tgj sf`jbfda6 ,a aàl hydXg oq n\ dhluhyam ag namn\ yJkmn\ js i b Ys ls o[U nàg h5mQ=m r o[ rHmm n`js id /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[I nàg v{m dl h@Hmr ,a hkZbq `se bz F=jmu ,fiq vmfs 'm fmym ,a a.m v{m as yJkfr~ hb'mm js i dz{ms hdr ha=m tmrm o[I vh/marj pmy am jmu harum oms àrm o[ ha a.m dhluhyam `s u Xalm,P

Ibs.e>bd3

83. I tdogt y-wfuba, `fbo sf`jbfda ds mjpt wdtg dts ixds piri` j` tf i ìroj ejti` sgjjt kirrydbo i surhikj kurrjbt.Qgj surhikj kurrjbt tgrfuog i wdatg a fh tgj sgjjt ds Ma iba tgj buenjr fh turbs pjr ubdt `jbotg fh tgjsf`jbfda. (n) Dh tgj sf`jbfda ds rftitja tf eimj dts ixds pjrpjbadkuìr tf tgj ejti` sgjjt, wgit wfuà nj tgjeiobdtuaj fh tgj eiobjtdk hdj a bjir dts kjbtrj6 ,a hf'mmy /mmrq ag dhX~ Xam js i dc "Ng= /mmlm dz fmhor oms log o[U nàs `jgd ,a aàl yds Xg oq n\ yJkg dhluhyam n` dz aml l]mg oq n\ o[ ha nàg v{m dhX~ Xam as `jmumZrl o[I dhX~ Xam ag a pm[ E+ mn\ `s dc "N /mmlm Ma o[ rHmm dhluhyam ag ,ami a yJkmn\ js i Ys lms i ag ì ]=m b o[I dhluhyam as as Zbz as `jgd pq Jkag= {ms 5m 'mw Z= o[I (i) dhluhyam js i dz fmhor /mmlm Mmr aght=sI(n) =hb dhluhyam ams n` dz aml 6mq jm=m tmrm o[ ha nàg v{m /mmrq ag dhX~ Xam as yJkfr~ oms tm=sU rms nàs as Zbz as `jgd pq Jkag= {ms 5m am dhljm.m harum oms xmP

Ibs. (i)b>

M(n)

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M3

89. I kipikdtfr fh kipikdtibkj 933 H ds kfbbjktja tf i nittjry fh >3 vf ts hfr i `fbo tdej iba tgjb adskfbbjktjahrfe dt. Dt ds bfw kfbbjktja ikrfss tgj kipikdtfr arfps tf 43% fh dts ei`xdeue viùj db >.3 sjkfbas.Jstdeitj tgj ivjrioj eiobjtdk hdj a prfaukja it tgj kjbtrj fh tgj sf jbfda aurdbo tgds pjrdfa.933 H /mmhlrm am ì/mmhl5mU >3 fms TX ag k[ Xlg `s yJks `j=ra ì =ms htr l]mus as d'pmr~ n``s vyx al hy=m tmrm oI nàms vk ra yJkg dhluhyam `s tms E+ m tmrm o[I ht``s 1333 Ys ls dz hr jgXl o[I =o Mmr oms rm o[ ha >.3 `s a.E d'pmr~ ì/mmhl5m as h`lms i dl hfGmfmZrl dz mlhJGma jmu am 43% lo tmrm o[I n` `j=mZrl js i dhluhyam as as Zbz dl e^dZu vm[ `r pq Jkag= {ms 5m am vuq jmu yxmn=sIIbs. 98 93 7 Q.

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