MAGNETIC CURRENT

By ED LEEDSKALNIN, ROCK GATE 1945

IQ.Q:NZ'TI e C'tJJUt.&Vf

8y EDWARD L!.EDS.KALHJN ROCK CATE

NOllut.ad, !'lod~. o. 1. A. CQPYri9ht OCt.Obet. 1945, b'J Cdlltu4 Leo&tbl nltl

Tbit: taitinQ 11 lioed vp so vhen. you ~eaa i~ yo'll loo);; &ast. •nd all tho detcciption you wil ~ read about a.gnetic curre~t. Jt will be j~st a• good for your electricity.

?ollowing iu the result of my two YéAr& experiment with G~gnets at Rock Cate. Geventec:n m.ilca southwest f ro:'!l ).fJ.Ami, Plorida. S.twoen TWeney- fifth l'!nd 'l'f.lont-y­sixch Latitud• and tightieth and 8ighty•firs t Longitude west .

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' i ret I will deJori~ ~at a magnet i t. You have s e en a t r algh t bar maqnets , U shape magnots , ephere or ball ma~gnete and Al nico ~agnets i n many ehapas, and usually a hole in the middle .

r n. &11 .. gnett one ucl of the &retal it North Pole an4 the other South Pole, and those vhicb havo no end. on e sid e ic Norch Pole and t he other South Pole.

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Now about the sphere maqnct. i f you ha~ a 8'l"'RC»f0 MAQldT you can change the polet i .n t.he ephere l a. any t i de you want or take the polee out e.o the epher e will not be a JD&gnet any wore .

I n Surnmary - · Prom t b h you can see that the aagnet can. be ahifte4 and coneentrated a nd a l so you ean see that t be u ta! i a not t:he u-.1 uonet . The real .. onet ia the tv.batanee tba t i e circulating in the JMtal.

And. both Nor th And. SOuth Pol• individual m.agnett. 'J'Iuwy are so ..all that they can. "-'' t hrough ·&11)'thi.ng . • In fact c:bey can pua througb dtal ea.sier eMn t hrougb t.he a .ir.

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They are in conatant .aot.ion. ~hey are xunning on• ki.n4 of magnets againat tbe otbor kind, and if guidod ln the right channels th•y poaGess perpétual powor .

!he North and South Pol• -.gnéts.they •~e co~c force, the,y hold together thie .arth u4 ev~in;- on. it.

&&eh North and sou~h Pole aagnet is equal in seren9th. but thQ $trength of eaeh individual magnet doean•t amount ~o anything. To be of practical u•• th•y will h.avtl to be in g:r.,.t ~.re.

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:r:n peJ:'liUUlent IM.g<nete they are oirculating in the ldt.al in g:reat nuabe.ra . ond they cir.cula.te i.n the follow:\ng wo..y : Each k.ind of t ho Ngnuta are comi no out of choir own end of t he pole and aro ru.nn i ng uound. and are runnlng i n ehe othf'!r en4 of the pole and bAck to Jta own end. &nd then over and over again. All tho ind.ividual =gnets do not run around. so=e ru.n a.way &nd ne'/er eme back:. but nri ono• take their place.

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~ho e&rth itoolf ia a oreae big magcet.

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Tn 9ener .. l theae t:ot'th a.nd Sout.h Pole l ndiv-.ldual or.s.gneea &re eireulatln~ in th• •~nte way u in the- pe.nun«<.t oagnet MU.l. . The 'lelcth Polo indivi<Nal :nagnots are eo~nlng out of t-be earth's Sout.h Pole and •r• nuuúng acound in tho eo~th"$ Noreh Pole and back ~o i~o own pole, and South Polc individual m.t\Qneta are c:orn1ng out of the e.a.rth' D Nort h Pole and are running around, and ir1. eart.h south Pole a.nd. ~ck to its own en.d. Than both North and South Pol~ i.ndlvi dual .. .agncu~• ata.r-t to run over and over ~9~-

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ro • pen~&D60t. u.gnec bar betwe.en. the pol•• there i• • euai-neu.tral p.art whore thare ie noe .ucb. go.i.ng 1o or 0\tt, but cm t.b. ....r-t.b thet::e i e no pl ace whu e tbe ~qn•t• a:r:e not vo.u"V in or out, but: the IMgnec• aro running in .an4 out at pole end.• more thM a c. the .Squ.ator .

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Now you get the equipment and r will tell you, so you can see for yourself that it ia in the way r

have told.

Jn a pe.rrnanent Jr.agnet bar becw4en che pol ea t here ie a seMi -neutral pa.rt whcrc t.here is noc euch 90inv in or out, but on the e&reh cber• is no plaee whe.re the ma.gnets a.re not ooing in or out., b'..1t the ma.gnets •r• running .1!"1 .and out at pole

ondé ~ore t.hAn at the Equator.

My location ie too fu lf.Way fro:n. the magnetic: polea so all t:t:Y saagneta are vo..ai<!ed by the general stream of !ndividual North and south Pole magnetu that are paasin;

by.

I n rouqh eet!mation the eAr t h 'a Sou th magnetic pole is two hundred •nd aixcy ~les Weat !rom thG 5arn6 meridian che éArth'& No~eh ~gnetic pole ie on . That

causea the Nort.h &1\d SOUth Pole ugnets .to run in t~orthust ar.d Sout.h\ileat direction.

Now you get. the equip~ent &114 I will t ell you. eo you ClU ... tor yoo.reelf that i t ia i n the w.v I have tole!~

• Cet a peraanent Ngnet belr four inches lon'q • A O s:hapl! aaqnet that is atrong ~ough to U fe freo ten c.o tventy pound•. • An Alnico ~agnet about threo 1nches long, tvo and one- half inchos wide.

one-inch thick. Mole in the middle and polea i n each ond • Sovaral teot in longtb of h.11rd steel fishin; lJ.ne. Line when it is not in

coll it et•Y• straight and • & eoft steel welding rod one-eiohth of an incb thlck and thru faet long.

Frota the fi1hiog wire and the n l ding roe! you will .alce aagnet• or o~••••~ &nd if you l\ang t.he<'l 14P in fino threoda by !ldddlo ar.d ~eep tl>em thue they will be pe.nunont aag:net• .

~~en you aro ~king a rnagnet pole in tho welding rod o~e u shape magnet. South Pole magnet to M$ke North Pole D&gnet in tha rod and usa U shape north Pele a.agnat to ..aJee South Po le ugnet in t.he ro4. You CM dreg the magno~ over t.he rod froca end to end, but neve.r ltop !n aJ.ódle.

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u !f you stop in middl• there will be &."\ extt-a pole se it will diatW'b tb& ~gnot•s eirculation. use i~on filinga to teet the rod 1! there ia any m&gnets i n the ~iddlo, and if there is the fi l i ngs will cling to it . Then drag the pe~r.ent ma;net over the rod and it will tAké it out.

To t.ake the uqnet out fro.z. rod 4!00• approac'!'l or touch the rod eneS with tho same kind of mAgn•t chat is in the r od, by dipping the rod endG in iron fil ing:s. you wJll seo how it work.s.

• Break thrcte piecl!s of the ateel fiahinc¡ Hee just long e:nough to go in botween the two polea o f U abape ~rNnen.e mag:net.

• Put the."'l cndwhe between tho two polea, and tAke. t he.m out . • K•ng: orte by saiddle wi th fine thread, a.nd hang it up .in &s~ oide of t.ho

rOOD. where theré il no otbe.r N.gnet or r.etal •rou.nd.

Now you will ht.ve a penu.nent aagnet or coarpaea to t..at the pola.d.t-y i1l othec magnot•. Por more delicate ~e~ h•rtg the magnet in spider web.

'!'O teat the etren&rth of a a&P4Jt uae iroD fi.ll.Dg'a •

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• PUt t he U shape pon na.nent ro.agnet two feet Woot from thc ha.nging mngnet. • nold the North Pols 1Mgnet i n ' lovcl wit h the hanging rnagnet. th~n\ you wlll

oeo that the south polo of the hangi ng rnognet i• turning to you and the North Pole magnot AWAY fro~ you .

• Now put the South Pole par&lanént magnet pol$ in the e:U'Ie level, thil time North ·Pole m4gnet will turn to you and south Polo rnavnet aw~y from you.

lfhia expe.rt-Dt ahowll t.wo thio.aa. one t.bat the aapeta c.u k eU~t out iD atraJ.oht at.re. .... , an.cl th• otber what..-.r ldlMS ot -peta you are 8e~DcS.iAg out the othar k:i.D4 of aapeta are co.i.D.g baélt to J"'\l•

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• t"ake two piec::ee of at"l fisbinc; line vire. put the. in o shepe Ngnet. hold a little whllo, take thea out. bend a littlo back in one end and hang theca up.

• Ha ke it :;o th.at one Ngnet•s lower end ia ~rorth Pole magnet and tha othe.r South Pole magrHtt

• t>J.ttk.e it so that they hrutg th.cee inches aport. • Put North Pol• North •ido, and South Pole South e:lde. • Now ~ke the four•inoh long pe.rmanent magnot bar, hold. North Pole in No.t't h

aide and South Pole in South side . • t<aise slowly up to the two hrulging JM.g·oete, t hen you will seo that the

hanging magneu: are closing up. • Now reve.r6e, put Morth Pole o( bar ma~et South a14e and SOuth Pole North

s:ide. This time when b6r magnet approaches the h&n;ing Dagnets will IPE'Md out.

'l'bJ.a 4ll1Cl)4riaent ebova tb.at Rorth and So\lth Pole .. peta are equal i.n et.r-ath ao4 that tU •tr .... of 1ocli'Yi4ual .. gnet• are 1'UAIÚ.Il0 oa.e Jd.Dd: of .. crnete •~ainet ~ otb•r h!n4.

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• CUt a atrip of a tin c&n about two inche.a wide a.nd a foot long. • PUt tho North Pole of the ti ehape ae,gnet en tos> of the strip, and dip the

lowe~ end in iron filinga. and eee bow much it lifta. • How put the South Pole on top and ae& how ~uch it lifts.

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• change seve:ral timea, tlten you wil l eee that the North Pol e lifttJ more t han the South Pole

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• Ncw put the North Pole ...agnet under t.hé iron filino box, and see how .uch 1 t pu1haa u¡>.

• Now cMnge. put Sout:h Pole uonot under the box. and aee ha..t much 1 t pus hes up.

• 00 ehio s evexa l c~ee, then you will Géé t hat the South Pole magnet pu~hes up more th&n ~orth Pole m~gnet .

rtd.a ...,._riment ehowa again that oo •t:.1'e.DOth .

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• Now to~ke t-he thrH-foot lor.g sote •t"l "-ld.i.nq rod. It is already magnet!~ed as a perm&nent magnet . hanq it in a fine thread so !t ia in level .

• Now mo4sure ~eh and you will see thot the South e nd is longer. .

In oy loeation ac Rock Cate, between Twonty-fifth ~nd TWenty-slxth LAtitude and Eightieth and Sighty-first Longitud• West. in three-foot long ~vnet the Sou&h Pele er.d is about a aixteen.th of • -n lnch longec. rartJ~er North it $houl4 be longer yet. buL at SQv.at.O:r boU:. -.da ot th• .. P • t ~<l be equa1 io l noth. In ea::th•a South ~isphere tbe Nor~b Pole end of magnet •hould be longer.

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All my hang i ng ma9nete or compa$Ces they nevex point to the eorth ' s magnetic polo , ne i thQr to the geo;rephic.al pole. They point A little Northe as t.. The only rea&on 1 c an figur e out why they point in t hat WAy iw, l ook irt9 fron.t t.he oamo geographica l ~eridian the North m0gnetic pole ie on, the South magnetic pQl~ ic ona hund.réd Ar\d fift•en longitudea Wes t from lt. In r:ouoh e.atimation the u.rt:.h•e sout.h magnetie pole ia two hundred and sb:ty rnilo1 Wóat fro:n t:he •41'!\e !l'le.ridian the e.arth's North mag:netic pole il on. That ceu••• tbe North and South Pole JM.g:nets to run in Nor·cheaat and soucbwest direction

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_. l.oc.tioa. i• t-oo far away froa t.he aa.,g:n.eti c pol e a ao •11 trlY ...agnets are 9uided by the general atre&a of 1n4J.vldual North and South Polo sugnet.s t.bat are paaeing by.

What is magnetic current?

Ha.gncatic 1 2.1'\aving todo with a magnet or Jl!'.agnetism.

Current- 1 2.pae•ing frcxa one to ar.-othor. '7.aornethil\9 t.hat flow•. aa a st-reatr.~

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Now t will ~•11 you wbat aagneti c current la.

Kagnetic eu.rrent ia the ..... •• electric current. CUrr•nt ia • vrong expreeaion.

Reall,y it ia not on.e cuzrent, they are two currenta, one ourre.nt 1• co.rpoaK ot l!IOrt.h Pole ind.i:wldu..l ugneta in concentrated etre..._. and the other ia cc.poaed: of Bouth Po le i.Juti Yidu&l aagnet,a U conce:ntr•ted atrea..a, and they are ru.GD.irtQ on• atreu againat the othu atr•aa le wb.irliDg, ecrevlike faabion, and witb high IDeed.

One eurrttnt &lene i f ic be Nor't-h Pole cagnet current or SOutil Pole uvnoc eurrent it cannot run alone .

"rO :n&a. on.e cu.rre:Dt will bave to rw:t. a,gainat t.ho ot.her •

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Making Magnetic CUrrent with

batteries from metal by acid.

How tbe currents run when they exit a car battery and wbat they can do.

You wil l see the principle of how permanent magnets a re ~ade by North and South pole i ndividual magnet currents running in a s ingle wire

from a battery.

This magnet -making wi th a s ingle wire, it illustrates how all magnets a re made.

Each pol e sout h or North is roade by thier own maqnets in t he way chey are running in the wire.

llow X wil l tell you how the cuzrenta AM runo.l.Dg wben th~ c0111e out of a car battexoy, aD4 ~t ~ cua 4o.

Now get the equipment .

• First put a vooden box on floor~ open side up, cut evo notcho1 in Ddddle so you can put a one-eigth of an inch thick and eighteen•inch long copper wire ~croas t he box.

• Pue th• wi~:o ene end ea.~t. the other west. • St.ay yourself West, put ca.r batt.ery South side of t.h.e box poaitive tora.ir-.al

East , negAtivo t erminal weat. • oet two flexible leads and four clips to fit tho ~ttery and the baro

ecpper vire, · • ccnnect the EaGt énd of the eopper wire with poeitive terminal, clip the

West ond ot Che copper wire with the West side Clexible lead, • lea ve the cOMect-ion with negativ• terminal open.

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1' • Sreak two pieces of the ste•l fiahing line one inch long, • put each piece by ~ddl~ acroso the copper wire, one on top of the copper

vire and th• other u.nder. • hold with your fingar& .. • now t ouch the neqat1ve terminal with the loose clip. • hold until t.he copper wire gets hot. • T'a.ke thel:a off. now you na" two !Mqnets,

• hang them up by Dliddle in fine throad.

Tbe ~pper magnet wi~l hang the ~ay lt is r.ow, but the onc below will turn around.

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• • Br eak five inche$ long piece of tbe fishi"9 line, • put the middlc of t he wire acr:oss o.nd on top of the; copper wire, • touch the batt•ry. • hold until the copper vire gets hot.

dip the middle of thc wlre 1~ iron tilinga,

then you will see how long ~ magnet c•n be modo with ~his oqui pm6nt.

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• Br~ak o:t.· cut severt~l piecea of tha hMrd atee l t i11hin9 wi re •• long a a to go be:twecn the poles of the U thape ll'ltlgnet,

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• nov hold tt«> pi.c:ec of the st.ecl wire end.s up And down. eme wire soueh side of the copper wire. and the other Horth s ide, the lower end• juot below the copper wir6 .

• Hola tioht 4nd toueb the bitttery. • hold until the coppe:r wire get.o hot~

• now Mng thC1D o,p by uwu ond juat above the coppe.r wirc, • touch battery, the South •ide Dagnet will s.vinq Sout-h, and

=agnet will sving North. the North side

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"-"_.,;~• • Put two piee~s on top of the copper wire, the ende j uat a l ittle ovor the

eopPe.r vire. • Thoae ends lyino on c:opper wire, one pointing South and the other North, • l~old t ight, • toU<:h blltc,ery. • hold until thé c.oppe.r ...:iro 9ets hot. • take off the o ne pointing South il South Pole m.ctgnet and the one pointing

North i s NOtth pole magnet. -1 1

• Put one wiro on top of the copper wire polnting &outh, other below pointing North.

• Kaonetite. • hano up by tail end• en tM eower wire, • t ouch bdt tecy they both will swin; South. • Puc 01\e: wir• on t.op of tho copl)4or "'ire pointing North, • Put the other below pointing SOU.th. • magneti:c, • hang up by t&il end above t he coppcr wire, • touch the battcry. both magnet.s vill $to~ing N'orth . . .

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• Cut six piece1 of fishing wiré ene ineh long. • put them by mi4dle on top and ~crosé tho coppe~ wire. • Hold eight, • touch ~ttery, • hold unt.il copper vire oota hot. • 1'ake o ff.

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• now put glata over the copper wire, • put those eix pieces of ~gnets on 9laas, on top of lhe copper wire

lengthwise juet so the enda don' t touch Nch other,

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touch r.he battecy1 they all will turn aeroas the eopper wire, .~

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• r'l()W pull threo to Sout.h aide and t.bree to North side in the saa.e vay. they lie nov but about one-t-.alf o·f an ineh awoy fra~~; the copper wire,

• touch battery. they all will jurnp on the copper wire.

o • ~ roll •ll ai.x together. let loose •... and you will see tbat they

won•t stay tooether.

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• Haoneti:e one plece in u •ha.pe .. qnet, • out North Polo end Eut on tbe eopper wire, • put South Pole Wcst, • t.ouch t .be ba.ttery. the rn.o.gnet w.lll owing 1oft. • Now put SOUt.h Pole Ea.ot •1de • Put Nortb Pole W"ut side, thi.s tille the •vnet will turn ri9ht.,

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• Take one piece of b&rd etee1 fishing vire. • dip in iron f111ng:s a.ftd •ee tbe.r• S. no :ugnot in lt..

This time hold the wire up. and down, t he lower end 01\ núddle of the coppe.r wiro. hold tight. Touch the O.ttery. bold unti-1 cM copper wire gets hot.

• Tak.e it off. • Dip ahe w1re in !ron f111ngo • . • and you will sea tha t it la no magnot .

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To JUke ~Ugneta with eurront• froa batt•ri•• an4 d.,vnUIO• with • a!ngle wire t he met-.1. wil.l have to bo put on the wire i.n auch a -.y ao tbat t:he aaonet• whicb are coaing out of t.he wize will be .nma.i,oo iD th.e •tal. atart..lng fn:. the lli44le o.f tbe IMt•l ud run to the en4 a.n4 not frora end to a1d41• a.n4 ~roaa •• tbey c:\14 thia l ·• •t ci.ro-. •

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r You have raad tNt to make a South Pole in • coil é:nd that is pointing to you, you will ha.ve to cun pocld.ve ti.e:t:rlclty in th.e coil .in clocbtiae 4.1.rection. I can tell you tha~ the poa.itlve electriciey ba.s "oth.ing to do wit.h makin; a South magnct pole in t ho eoll. t a Oh po~• soueh o.r North i1 ma4• 'by t heir own eagnota in the way they are running i.n the wi.re. 'l"hi• aagnot-aaki.nfl with • lio.qle vire, it illu•trate• how all aa.peta are 184•.

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xn a c&r b&ttexy tbe North Pol·• ao.a,gnets ru.n out of positive ter:rai.nal an<l SOU.tb Po1e macrneta run out of neg&tive t~~nal. 8oth ltind.a ot .. g:c.eta Aro t:'\1.1UÚ.ng, one kind ot aagnet• agai.Da t the otb~ ki.Zld, an4 e.r. :t'U%1Jling .in the .... rlQ'ht-h.ul4t .crev faald.on. ay ua.lng ~ ..... ~ling a.otiOtt &Dd rwm.iAq on• Jti.»d. o :t u .cruete againat the ot.her kin<l, they tbrow their OM:t .. gnata fn'lllll the wir• in oppoaite 4iroctiona. That is why if you put a magnet metal ac~ola the copper wire the one end ls North Pole ond t he othel': oncJ South Polo. . -\

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' o • Cet four pieces of wire si:e alxteen. slx inches long, two copper and two aot~ iron,

• bend ono ond of oach wir e back ao the cli.pt can hold 1t better. • use copper wire firat. • Put bocb wires in elips, • ccnnect with bat.tery, ha.ve the vi:re en41 aqua.re, • now put tha loo$e enda together, and pull th~ avay

thQn you will notice that comet:h ing i& holding you back:.

O ) wt'-.at. i a it? 'rhey are magnete

When you put t l\e ende toqether. th• North a.nd. South Polo lr'.Agnets •re pa.ssing froro one wire to the othor, and in doing it they pull tho wlro onds tQglther .

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You will see the space l eft where the magneta were i n.

When you put the ends to~ether. the north and south pole magnets are pasaing trom one wlre to the other.

If they cannot pass over to the othor wire, they cxpand the wire and creaeo an e~ding ~ubblc with met•l sparks r~ing oue. Whcn ~he

bubble i s cool, break it up .

• Now put the sote iron wire in tho clip!l, • put the loose enda cogétbft.r. and • pul.l the~:t away~ thb ttt.e the paesing :aagnet.s hold th.e wi.re .roda tOgethér

stron9er . • Put. the end& togather many eimea then you 'wil l see which wire end oets red

first, and which wi ll rnake the bi9ger bubblo i n ~he end, ana watch tho littlc sparks c~ing out frorn the bubblea.

• Stret eh the bubbles out while they are in liquid form,

then you vill aee in thc ~le that sométhing is whirling a~ound.

Those litcl~ aparks you see comi no o~t of the bubble, they are not the maqnete, but the NOJlOtc are eh• ones which throw the Oparks out of the bubblee.

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'-'1\en. all cM Dag:\et• tJ-..at are in the vire, U they cannot pa&s over to the other. vire. they a.re expend.i ng che bubble &nd .runni ng out of it a..od earrying che oet.&l aparks wi th tbetr.. When the bul::lble ie eool, b~U it '@~ thua yc)\a will ... t.he apace left when the qgn•ts wer• i .n..

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Batteries are not balanced.

Sometimes thero is more of Nortb pole magnots than there i s South pole magnets.

They ohould be equal.

This includes gcne:ators w11ich do not run the South pole ~gneea in frame or b.se.

• Cet two piecee of lumber, one by six lnches, a foot long, • nail them cogethar so that ono l i es flat on floor And t~e other on top th&

odgeG ~9 and down. • Out a notch in end in upper pieee . four inche• deep 4nd &$ hiqh as to hold a

piece of wood or bra11 th4t would hold needle points in ends and have a hole in aúddle to hold the three•foot magnet.

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• Balance che :aognet Q"ood so i t would stop on i t .a rioht Ngnedc poaition, • Now put. t.ha c1.r battery South side positive termlnal East and n~ative

termino! we.st. • Connect tbe U:;;t end of the copper wire wit.h po1itive te..."'"::l.inal • and con.."'lece the Wut .nd of tbe copper vire with th4 west siáe lead. • hold the cop:per wi ~ ju.at &bove t.he magnec a qua.rt.er of a.o i:'tch Nor~ o!

zagnet ·s e!ld. • hold in level. and equ.are. • ttouch t:h.e battery, then you will see tbe magnet uwinging &ast.

o

t T ... Aj.~CJ • t---

~l/·0 • !t •

• How pu:. :.he• bf.ttery North •i<ie, pc-sitive tenainal &aat, neoa;tive t.erain.al weat.

• conne.et Ne.s; ena of che copper wi..re "'ith. nega.tive te.rmina.l. • connect Ea~t end of copper wire with east aide lead. • put the copper wire on top of ene ~gnet a quArter of an inch South of

ma.qnét • a: e .. ·1d, • hold the cop~r wiro juat above in sq~are and levol, • touch the po&itive ~~inal, tha~ you will S4e the magnet swinging weat.

If e.'".i.e bateery is riqht, m.agnet. s~~g e.'louqh. •nd the magnet rod. balancW good it. vill repeac the s~~ thJn9 eve~y tice.

15

:z: eh1nk the batt•ri•• -.r. D.Ot !Mde rigb.t. S:O..tt.ee there i• -=>r$ of :aorth Pole :agneta thcl t.hOJ:e la South Pol.• aag::a•ta. 'rhey abould be equa.l. '!'he sane 41 h:Qm 9enerators whieh do not run the South Pole Ngnet• in fr~ or base, but ru:\ d.it"ect.ly a.way tt-..e •~ aa they rW1 the No~th Po le ugnet• .

P'roa th4t tol lowinQ •x»ar~t rou. will aoe that th• batte:;y J.a not Nl..ance4 rigbt .

• Put t.he copper wire ae.rocs t.he box, or..e eM Uat, the other end We•t. • c:or.neet one lcad a foot west froaa &a-6t end • and ~· oth~ l ead ~ith weat ~~. • h.ang a magne:t in !>r;>ider web, • put th~ ~gnet in same level with the copper wiro. • Keep t he eopper wi re cnd a little away from magnot ' 8 North Pole • oonn•et !4ct lead with pooitive te~inal .

16

• t ap the neoativc terainal sevoral times wi~h the looae clip. and see what the magnec 11 dotno.

• cr.ar.ge the te-n:úr.al, • e:t->.ar,ge the tepping. • :ove the box and eoppe= viro to ~ south Pole end, ropeat - the ~~ t~~ng.

Then you will notice someti~et the eopper wire en4 puahes away the Nortb Pole magnet, a~d aomoei~es ! t pulle it i n 4nd ~he sama thinq ~ppen$ with S~~th Pole magnet. and aometimes it doec nothíng .

So it abowa th.e batt-.ry !a irregoular.

• connect the lead:s wich btlttery' s tenúnal$ eo m.ake a loop. • keep t~e 1-.ds on the &~oc level with battery, • drag a banging ma.gnet over the loop Md the co:mect.ions bltween tbe

bact~ry · s terminal&.

You will see :hat one end of the magnec keeps in.ide the loop. and the other cutside. and the ~ th1n9 happens vhen tbe ~gr.et ero•••• che connec~ion between the to~inals.

l7

Thia e~r~t indlc•t•• that the Sorth and south Pole .agnet curreuta were not OD1y rwuú,llg frca en.. teraill&l to ehe other, b~t ue ~ at'O\md iza &D.

orbit an4 are o.ot o.oly numirtcr one t.i.ae a.row:Ld~ tlut are rwm_ing aaa;y d . .-a W()Un.d \mtil the North tm4 south Pole indirldual ugneta sr•t throwtl out ot the wire ~ centrlfugaÁ force, eA4 b.Y crov6ing.

k'hile the North and South Pole ugnet-s were in thelr own terainala tl'ley only posaeeaed puahlng powe.r. the pulling ~r the:y acquire only if the other kind of mag-neto are in front of them, like the permo.nent magnete if you put the oppoaite magnet in fron t of it, then they wil l hold together ~. same w&y you have done with the aix inche• lon9 pieces of copper artd soft ir~~ wire.

r roa the ~rialot with the car battery YOU can 8M t:he pria.c:iJ>l• bow permanent aagneta a r e mode by "o~tb an~ south Pole 1Ddivi4ual maonet currente runn.iDQ" i.t1. a ai.D,gle wi.re free bat.tery.

Q ) How did t h• maqneu get in there? • A.a J: tai4 in the begituüng. t.be Nort.h •Qd south Pole JUguete they are the coaaio foJ:-ce,. th.-y hold together tbi• e.a.rtb u4 everyth.ia.o oo it.

18

B011.e Ut«l• and :a.on- JMt&le boTe aore of the ugu•t • th&n ot.hera. The NOrth &D4 soutb Pol• magnet a hav• the power to bui14 up an4 take 4own, for instance in welding tbe ngnet.a t.ake the tteldi!1g rod cSowr. and put it O!'l the velding, in e1ect.roplating ~~ put one met.al on the other. a.nd if yo-.; 1::\lrn a aetal too ~ucb in an electrie furnace the cetal wlll dlsa~r in air.

The North and south Pole magnete were put in the car bsttery ~ 4 oonerator.

Nher. th& Nort-b and SOUth Pole :uonets wen: in the batt.e.ry ~ built u.p a cha..rge that beld ~he Ngnets thecue.l~s.

Late·.r: on the ac!d takea the matt:or in partí> And 6e;:a.rate.a the Nonots an-d oends: t hem to their own terminAl&, and fr01t1 t .here they come out.

In other blttv-ie• the acid ta:Cec the zinc ir. ~ts a~ ae:w:ls t~e North Pole ~gnets to poaitiv~ ter.in&l and holds tbe S~th Pole .. gnets bv itael! for negat ivc te~nal.

lVhQr. the connection$ are made the ~nets will come oue of t he batteev and wi l l ccme out until tho ~inc wil l last. ~nen thé zinc ie ~one the ~gnets &re gonc, eoo.

The sa.me ie true if you put. iron. in aeid and aoaK: ot.her aetals, tor the othor terminal an4 whén tho connections are made tho ~gnets will e~e oue of the bactory, but when the iron !s gona the magneto a r e gone. too .

7bia ahou.l4 be auffioient to ••• tbat tb• No.n.h e.Dd SOU.th Pol• IU.~JD•t• are ho14 l ng too•tb•r e-..zyt.h.ing.

(ti;·.:·.

You sa.w bow eagnee.ic cu.rr-ents a.re udc in batto.ry f.r<n Mtal by •cid.

Next I will tell you how magnetic eurrents are .adc by pe~nent and eleccric l'r'.&.gnets:, ond then. witll0\1.1:. e ither.

Making Magnetic Current with

permanent and electric magnets, and without either.

'fb.ie ti.JH you wi ll aake an equ.ip~ent tbat can U uae4 for tour pu.rpoeea. Electric ma~t. tran•fore.r, g~arator and hold•r ot perpetual motion.

1 9

• Bend i~on or ;oft •teel bAr one and one half i~ch in di•~tor. bend in a u ehape e3~~ prong a foot long~ &nd three inches bet~een thc prongc.

• make two spool• frcm bra11 or alu:rJ.nua $i)( inc!'tea :.ong Atld big enough for the bar to go i n.

• Wind f i fteen hundred turna of insul ated copper wire, ei~• aix~n. on eAeh o pool.

• Put on ae cloee to the b•nd aa it will go.

• Conneet tbe battL"'Y wtt:.h the eoil.s so t.hat e.ach C".lrrent is nmnir.g in both coils «t the aame ttm6. 4nd so that one end of the bar is North Pole and th• oth•r south Pole. Row you ha•• .n •l•ctr ic .agn•t.

'!'bi1 timre th.e • ..,. thi,n.g will be a tranlfonMr . lt will not be eeonomlcal. it is only to sh~~ how a transfo~er works.

• Wind a coil ot fifteeo. hun<h"ed tl.lrmJ with inculated. ~.r vire, size oighteen, on a spool l ean than three inches long, so th~t one inch and a half .square irQ:'I; rod can oo in euy,

• get. ~wo rods, one thrée. ehe other aix inchc.s long. I( possible havo them from lamir.aced i ron.

• Get t.wo radio blue l>ead. aix c.o •ioht·volc light bulbs. • Now eor~oct on• light bulb wich the three-loch coil* • put eho coil witbout a coré between the looaa ~nds of the iron pronos . • connect the aix·inch coila vit.h battery. • l.Hve ne<~atiw ~erm.lnal ope:"' .

• Tap tho negative terminal, then you will soe the wire ineide the li9ht bulb turn roeS.

• Put iron core in the coil's hole, • t~ t ho battéry, t hia timo it will make light .

-11111\-

O ) Why did lt not. Nko juat u MUCh light ~h• firat ti.JIU!!. the b&ttery put just as mucb =agnet in those i ro~ prong• the t!rst ttDe as it did che last time. u~t •a you see ... che coil did not got the magnot•.

NOW you 8M the 1t0ft i ron h•• • l ot to 4o to .ak.e aa.petic c:u.rr.ote . ( •o~t iron ha• • lot to do trñth .. IUng .....,.nettc curr~t )

20

Magnetic currénts , or if you want to ~all it electric curreot, make no l i ght. we only gct light if we put obstructions i n ~be light bulbs .

In t:he light bulbs the wire is so small that all magnets cannot pasG through ea!Jil y, &o they heat the wire up and bur n a.nd rnake livht.

If the wire in the liobt bolb had been as large lnside ~s it is outcide th&n there· would be no l ight . ·rhen t hose individual rnagnets which are in t he coil would d1ss1pate .in air.

Both North and south Pole it~ividual ~gnet currents which c~me out of t ho car battery and went in the transfo~r were di~ect cur rents . but t he light in the bu lb wa.s c.atlsed by alternatino currentG.

H-l.svo t.n t!!lJ'i" tMt. ~lv.,y8 eb<U'O. a.ro.o t~o eu.rr~t.e, Or.~ <.-ur.:-ent. a4on• c.x:30~ J'u.l\. TO run they have to (UO

oa~ 40'aiMt t:lu'! oehor. t

•• 1 1

' 1

~'

A1> ¡ PP - At.fti~Joi~T'Vot6 Po¡.e -1>~<:-'f' POI-é

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You. tzaAafo~ cun:a.t• iu. Jtin.d. ttow 1: will tel~ you how to trazufoaa curnnta in atrengtb .

21

~ ~ higber voltacre you. win4 the co!l with aaaller wire &Dd .ore turDA &D4 to haYe 1••• ..-oltaoe wiA4 ~· coil rith bi~ wtn &Dd leaa turDe.

-111111 :::::.:JÓ ·: ..

"i'he dJ fference. now ie tha.t thU tranafOr'INlr mak.e.s alternat lng curren te from direct eurrents ~ the I)O'Wer line tranaforaaers uao al.ternati.cg cur'renta to make alternating currenta.

ln thil transfoner, c:he !ron prono endiJ rcain r:.ho aaae aagnetic polarlty (aagnet polea) , but in PQW"Or line trAOAfo.D\e.rs tbe polarities (1:'0-gnet pol4ts) a lternato. In power line tran$former• the currents only are in motion and in this tr•neformer the currents are in motion and you aro. too .

@ ... -, , __ num- •-6--, _,..(1111111-o-

21.1

Now about the gen•rator.

Xn the first pl~ce all currente ara al t ernating. 1~ gat direct current1 wo have to use a comrnucator.

Tranafo~• an4 ~.aeratora o f ~ 4eecript~oD ar e aaking the currenta i n the • .,.. wt.Y ))y fillinq t h e coil•a i ron cor• with -.ag'J\et a au.4 l ett.inr;r th• i ron oore puah them out an4 into the coil .

~ ~

~ ~

• Connect the battery wlth the alectric m&gnet. it will be a f ield maqnot now. • PUt the t h:r:ee .. inch coil betwéon the iron prono• . • a.nd tAké it out, • do i t fa.st . • reveat it

then you will have • ateody light in the light bulb.

22

t Suppoao you had a vheel and =a.ny coila arounó the whe•l tu.rn.ing. thUt vou would. be oaking all kind.a of light. 00 not u):;e the uchine. L •lrcady bave che .applicet1on for patent in the Paten~ Offlce. l .. ~ tu 4iff,.x-.nt aachi.nea to Ñ):o NQ'Il•tic currentl, bu.t J: tound thia ccabina tlon between f" i-.14 aogneta and coile the moat effioiont.

• Put the coil in slowly and t aké it out clowly, then you will have no li9ht.

• Put tho aix-inch long &quare rod on top of the two iron prongs, lit 9ood so it liea even .

• Conncct the battery with electric ~aonot for ~ l ittlo while. • now dleconnact the battery, • connect the l ight bulb with the eleetric ~gnet the 1ame way it waa connected

with the b&ttery. • nov pull off the aix ... inch lOC'I.g b&r. eSo it quiekly.

then vou will see lioht in the bulb

GJJJJIII-~ 1111111--

• connact the battery up aqain with ~e eleetric magnet , put tho bar across che iron pron9e.

• hold awhile. • diaconnect t.he batt.ery .

Now the • l eotr-le aagn•t hol4a P4Q:Ietual .otion. lf not disturbed it will last indefinitely. I held it in thia poaition for eix oonthe, And when I pulled off the e i x-ineh bar 1 QOt juat as tuuch l i9ht out of it Afl I got:. in the first ti..me.

Thi• ~ri..mt. •howe that if you. •tart the North ~4 80utb Pole irullvidua.l oa.gnet• i D an orbit., t ben they rill neYer •top.

( 111111-¡ 111111-

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t::-= ===·-···=- ====::jLQ1

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o

3 lnch (1.62 cm)

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1.5 5nch " (3.81 c:m)

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! J 6 indt (1 5.24 cm)

' L r-: f i ' 1 .. S inch (l2.7 CM)

~ 1 12.1 M l SOO

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6 inch (1 , ,24 cm) ¡-··-··-·· ••··--------- .... lo.t I.Sioch• (2.81 cM)

3 inc:h (7.62 c m)

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;---j 5 hu::h (12.7 cm)

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. -;;: ' . '< ¡ . , • : < .... - .....

···; .. •. . ., ; ~ .. ....... . ;"'::

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23

'1"be ba.ng:iDQ aagneta t:M.t h&Ag up an4 4owu, they ahow tb•t there i ,a -=:ttion 1u.i4e the bar.

• Hold the perpetua! motion holder North ~ole magnet {o~ polo end ea~t) and south Pole 11\ilgnot tenainal for pole ond ;'.!est•,

• now raise it 'U) alowl.y to tha SOUth Pole h.anqing magne.t. then you will se• the SOUth Pole bangiog aagnet svinging South.

• uow put t.hc perl)etual motlon holder under the North Pole M.noino aagnet, • raiGo up slowly, then you will ceo the North Po le ha.nging magnet s wingil'l.g

worth.

Thia ex:peri.De-nt ahowa withO\It ..ay cloul>t t.hat the RoJ:;th ces South Pole iA4i-rl.&aal magneta •r• running in tbe l&ae direotion •• thoae in the eopper wir.1 whioh c ... out of the car battery, an4 in both i .n•taneea wbile the ruvneta are run.ning • .head 1.n Whirling aotion they uee4 the rlobt-bud tviat.

" H $

... 1 \

c:IIIIU- •~

111!111-o.:.~

w

• Cet tMt A.lnico magnet, • ar.d aake it so you. can tum it WCM.lnd if posaible aore tban two thor.tund

revolutions • minute . • Connoct t he l iQht hulb wlth the perpetua! motion ~oldor, • put it on the apinning Alnico maonot in thc holo between pronga and t.he r,¡:quare

iron bar, • l'\OW apin the Alnico Ngnet ~uou.nd And 6ee how D.Jch of the light you get. • No~ take thé iron ha€ off

th~ñ you will get more of tho liqht.

It ahowe that if it ia c:loa~, •~ of the aagnote which .. re in tllo iroo p.ronge w:Ul rw:a arou.nt\ io &n orbit, &Dd rill n.ot co.e out. But wben the orbit: ia broke;n,. tben tb•y wil l run in tbe coil an4 th.o r•wlt will ))e, ..or• U.ght.

~-0 o ," '--c"n"-:.¡

o 0:1 .,o . ""-- ......... ... 111111-

\ . ,._ ,o o,- , __ e"',,_ 1 - oO> "<> ......

" o .... ,-, " 111111~ / 1 -

<¡•!i!ll~ .... : "o'.:ofl!l!l"o o~o

..... o

(i!!lil-­!1(11!-

...... o

• Put A ~per box with plenty of Iron filingo 1n ic on the horizontAlly ap1nn1ng Alnico Qqnet, then you will ee.e how the $pinnlf19 magnot builds up ridgu and clicche..a .

• NO"W p.at the aagnet so that it can bé turn.ed. vert1cally. • Spin tbe rr.agnet. then you w111 see tl\e fil ing-a runninq against the IIIOtion and

bui ldin9 up ridgea and ditchea. • PUt on finef fllingt, then thete will be f iner ridges •nd ditch~s. • Spin one way and then the other w&y,

then you will have som~ rough idea how magnet a buil4 up the matter.

L;,.; h ñv#ert f ,. 1

~0 ----{11@~--:J-~

'fou aade uguett.o curre:nta in tb.ree diU:er.nt .,.ya, but iA pri.nciple ~•r &11 .. u ma4,e, ex.aotl.,y iD the aame VQ'.

Ugn.etic c:urrente are ;aade by coaceAtraticg, th.a 4ivi41a.g aA4 tben ahi.fti.Dg the exict.lng Nortb an<t South Polo lncUvidu.al lllagllets fra. one place to anotber

;¡;, ·., : 4- :-::;, ~- ....

~: .. ·· :·

t

"' ,¡~ ... {. . •

1 iJ.i ...

25

I will uee only one eoil. ~nd one u ehape pe~nent ~onet without u1ing the windiog: thAt tbé maehLne usos to increa;e the pe~nent YMgnet strength.

rf you had a permanent magnet that th& coil you uoe in the elect~ic megnet woul4 go in between the prongs of it. then that would be good to d~netrate. but i f you jlave not, then use the aUie one you bave.

Q -• Cet an iron core tho aa111e di~ensiona as in the three-inch coil, l:rut long e:nough to go be:tween the permanent m~gne.t prongs.

• Wind the sUte nueber of turns a.od • conneet with the light bulb.

11111 CJ

..Q, ' . . ' om

• Pasten the U shapo penu.ne.nt magnet ve.ry good, bend u_p, prongs dOoWn, Nortb Pole Horth. SOUth Pole Soutb. Nov puah the coil t-h.rough the prongo frora west to eut. Do it f•at.

then there will be llght in. the bulb, ' 'Q' ..

lt . . imi

... S n w

:.t o

• now pulh tne coil and ltop in rniddlo. and thon puoh agai n , .. this time you will lmv~ two li9he• while the coil went through ~he ~gnet pxong• only once.

:¿¡: ~ \ trJi¡ 1 • o

~ • o

~Q{ imi

(t) • o

You n.d two light$ tho firet ti.oe aleo. but you did not notice they e&~ne 1n quic:k succea•ion. When you puahed the coil'l ~ddle up to fiel4 aag~et's .¡ddle th~ cu.rrenta ran in one directio!'\, and whcn vou pushed the coll away f.rom the field magnet •a middle, t hen th9 curren te rovu,ned, then ran in tl\é. othe.r dJ. t"CI:Ction.

That ia why you 90t two light fla$hés while thé coil paaaed through the tiold ~qnet only one t~-

26

Her-e ia t he way in wh.ich tho No.rth and South Pola i ndivid.ual magne.t currente ran wh.ile you. pushed the coil fl'OIII we.at to &aót th.rough the field magnet.

• Take the. core out of the coll, • wind oua !ayer u.f wire On the core and make it eo that the North &lde ot tha

winding wire•s ond poin.ta Bast and south aid.o of the wJ.nd.i.ng wira•s end po.lnts West.

(01\.-S H

When you ¡>usbed the coil lO the m.idclle of the field magnet. the North Pole IMQ-net current carne out of the wire end that is pointing East. e.nd the Soutb Pole tM.gnet currant cante out of the w.ii'e and that J.g: pointing west, but when you pushed the coil away f.rm th8 middle of t.h~· field ma.gnet the currenttJ rever.fiCJd, t hen North Po le magne.t cu.rr~nt came out of the coil' s w-tre end. that is point.ing West a.nd SOV.th 'Pole. aagnet current came out ot the coil'e wlre end tbat i• polntJng- Baat.

With the eal;,.e wlndJ.ng if the North Pole field m.ngnet had be.en .southslde, and south polé fi~ld roagnet north'&:ide , then the ruru~ing of t ho currente would be reve.rced.

• '.

liiiJ • • v o

o .\.

hu¡

y •

When eu..rrente revoree" they 'reve.ree the :aagnet pole8 fn th• coil. eYory t-·im.e when \.he coil b awroachi09 tho Ueld ugnota, tbe currents which are aade ln the coil du..r:in<g that tlrl\0 are -.aklng magno t. poles in tho coll' • c:o.re onda, tho • ..,.. as those tJ..cld 11\fl.gn.ot pol eB thoy aro &pproachinq, but during the tJ.Joo tb.e coil io receding thoee curt:>entq are m.aldng thn c:oil 'e Jl\ftgnet polea oppoe.lto to t})e field ntayneta t..hoy are ncedinq ft·o:.. . • ~'cl\fi.:e "

·~ .) lH . :(~t a. ~~;:;:~~ .. ~""'-· ~ ~~- ., \- ·:2/~? ,_.. o o _)"" oJ J?'

Whlle you ha ve the asu.ll coil haody X wi.ll tell :,re aSout Msmeta. " ~O • • Run South Pole cna.vnet curreot in the vire end that polnts West . and • tfoxth Po le magnat curront in t.he wiro end tha~ polntn ltllst.

Now North end of the ' coil is South Pole $~d south e~ of the coil i~ North Pole. Now run tlorth Pole ;Ugnet current in West end of the w.tre, and

• south Pole m.agn.et in ust end of tho wire . Ttús time the North end of the coil will ba Nort.h Pola. and South end ot t ha eoll the Soutb Pole.

.. '

2?

Yo-u -act. th4!l one-inch long J:".&qnec• vith a single wire. but i! you bad

• th• eame size of wire in a coil you now ~~ve ~~d wo~ld • put a big~er steel bar in the coil

then yo~ would have a biQger and stronger magnet .

But to ~ a etronger m.agnet: yet. you would have to

wind l'llOre layera on top of the coil tbat you have now.

~en you were ~ing ehe small ~gncta with a sir4le copper ~i re you waated too ..any lforth e.nd South Pole i:1dividu.l :ugnet:s . You o:\ly 'iJOt in the •teel vire very c.'Ull par:: ot the ug:1ecs that c:&:M out of the copper wir•. You are still wasting tho ~orth •nd South Pole ~gnet.a. You do not ge~ on•·half of the magnets io the ete•l or ircn ~r from those wh1ch are in th~ eoil. ~ g•t .or• maguet out ot a coil ... A .. • put lhe coil in at••l or i ron tubo, ~

e..,.,e:'l t.he tube oucside the coil will be • :nagnet the eame as the eoil•e core, ~Jt. the ~et poles vill be opposite. lt :llcans a.t the aame coil er.d if the eo~e end is Nor~h Polo the tubé cr.d vill be soueh Pole. In this vay you vill get al.rao•t aqain as •uch ugzse: out of the coil and in the core ~.d tube.

vou ca.n do bet.ter yet,

o~• , ...... ~ ... . · ... '•.,

··. o

o •

• join one end of t-hc coil' s core end with the s.a:ne meul, joining core vith tube make t wo holet in end of metal for the coil wir• ends to go oue,

• f~oten ~ ring on tor>,

r:ow you have the tllOet otfic1e.nt eli.nt elect.t'ic l':\t\gnet for lift!nq pu-rpooes .

' ' ' ';! . ' : '

' '

' '

·;-_ " '

l8

• Take the coil out of the electric magnet, • run the current• in the coil, • QUt a hard ltéol bar one •nd to tbe coil ' s North Pole, • hold awhile, • ;.a_ke &v.ay,

now the bar is A perm.nent ~gnet.

"tha~ e:nd at coil' s a i de is soutb Pol• :aagnct. ~md the othe.r Noreh Pele m.agnet. ~O""' thh pe.rsanent Ngnet can make other h.ard eteel bara in pel'lllaJ'\e:nt maoncta but every reAqnec that it makes will be a wcaker magnet than itoelf .

!'he coi 1 cade thi • p.e~t .. pe~ in ~· ,... .ay that the J>oe.I.'IM.Dent M&,gnett aro makirur oth•r penun.ent .. peta.

• Put thls s>e-~~t aag_net in the coil' s hole. • Reverac it. Put bar •e North Pole tnd in coil•s South Pol e ~~d. • tun c~rrent lr. the coil for awhile, • take the: bar out.

no~ you h~ve a qtronger perm&nént magne:, but the polea Are reversed.

-~ •

~e;··., ..

·· ... -~ .. -... ' .

,"> •• •••• • o .

29

When you were pushlng t he coil through the U ohapod magnet you got t wo fletlfhes in the light bulb with one p~oeaoe through the U ehope magnet, and I .now~ you fro. whieb •n4a of coil• a wlre th• curr•ote c ... out Vhile they .ade the fla•hee .

~ +-­

(lllj o

~·

!+­hu¡

' -· NOw X will .....a eo you cu &e t\l&lly IM that it i a in tbe -.y X told you .

• ~ake the light bulb o(f the coi!, • put t.h• <:ore in it, • eonnect the coil with a loop ·t hat would reach aix feet East from the U ehapo

magnet. • I<eep t.:he loop e nd a foot ap&rt, • strGtcb Soueh eide w!ro ctralght, ttake lt eo it eannot rnove . • Get those li ttle hanginq magnets which hang one end up, the other down, • ha.ng the SOuth Polo Ngnet on the l oop wire. • now puah the coil through the. U sha.pe ma9net a..nd watch the hanging magnot.

Pirat it vill swlng SOuth, then North. · .

. s~ ¡;

o,f)~ ... " w "..;(

• Now hang Nor.th ~ole m•gnot on the wire, watch again while you are puahing tho coil through the u ehape lll&gnet, this time tirtJt it will swing North, then South, , .

¡; r.\ .., ll $

o o~ w •~t: .. ::.;l

• Ho.ng both ma.gnete . Watc:h a,gain and you will soe tJta.t bOth Ngnets at the •ame. time first they fiwl no to their own s1de and theJ\ to the othu &id.e .

. . . . .. t ~ 6i ~

"() • o o"":. O• Uf the tlMglng !M.gnete do not swing- ._hile Y0\1 •re pushino the coil t::hrouQh the U sht\pe maqnet . then the U aha~ sagnet is not atro119 enough. The U ehape ~Mgnet ohould be stronq enough' to 11ft t wenty pounda .)Vou can put two magnete together or uae electric ~qnot, ~na ~till bétter you can, put the coil in electrie maonet, t hen you won•t havo to puuh i t. Then you can •it Oown and tap tho battery and aao the hanginq .r11agnets ow.inglng, If you wtmt to use the e lec trie magnet ·be eur• thot tho North Pole is in North sida, and the SOutl\ Polo i n Só"ut.h side, and put t ho coil i n the prongs in t he aamg way as it Ja now.

All C\1rrenta are aa4e in the a&tM way by filling th• coil an.c.t iron co~• wit:h North u4 $0\lt.b Pole 1n4ividu.al S~agneta a.n4 t hen giving enougb tiae for the .. =-t• to " t CNt a.ft4 ~ •~ o"r .aga.i.n.

~- ..

~·. · .. .

. . .. . .

~

30

31

How I wil l tell you what haPpened to the U ehape aagnet while you pu•h~ the coil throuqh it from w••t to Ba1t.

• S.t up the th.re.• ... foot oagnet so i t c.-.n turn. • put tbe coil vith core in it in th6 U lha.pe aa.gnet. • now appr oach th• three-foot JDagnec •a South Pole wlth th• u shape u.c;net•s

South Pol e. • IHJ &oon as the th.ree-foot magr.et begina to r.'IOve you atop and ma.r Jt t ho

diata.nce. • T&kc the coil avay. approacb again • a1 aoon a s - tho three-foot Ngnet begina to move awa,y, the.n stop a.nd mark the

diat~ee.

then you will oe• how re.uch atrenqth the U eha.pe magnet l.oat whi le you were pur;hing t he coil in and l\alfw~y out , of t he U shape magnot.

-,--,--­• o

u 1'ho U aha.pé ugnet W.i.S losing its st-re.nqth up to the tiee it began to break away from the iron eore, but during the time the o ahape m.agnet b.roke away it regained ito 1trength . The breaki ng away from t~e lt:on c or e recharged t he U eh~pe lf'~gnet, thon it béea.:n.e normal again and r eady for t he né.Xt start. Dwd.ng th4t J;'•cbarginsr th• new aupply ot ... gn•t• c.-. trcc tbe air or the earth•• aagnetic ti•ld.

!tOW ,. ••• hov t he aaguetic currents are .. cs. by the O aMPe aapet .

n ... . . . . \ . .. ..

. QIIJ

.:~--- ·-·-:-. ... . . . . . . .

32

You already kcov th.at before che •coJl QOt in bet.v.en the U shape :Ng-net pro~• thcse lit.tle individual ~:~agnet.s were running out: of t.he U shape ugnet proJl9s in all directions, but as eoon as t.h& eoil ' a co:e came in effective dietan.ce from the u ahape magnet'l prongs ehen these little i~Aividual magnets began to run ir. t he core and coil and ke-pt runn ing until t he co;re bt:oke AWbY fro:o the u &hbpe oagnet prongs. Now you IM those little individual magnets ran out of the u shape Ngnet ar...d r&n in the 10!t iron CO)!'e, but the t:oft ircm core never held the · t:~aqnete, it pushed th• out . ..,.,

' . .

. '

• put Uve o:r si.x th!n iron a t rips on edge , • alant j ust &o they will not flop over,

· ~··.'. ~ .. .. ' ·"' . . tr ••

• now 'PProach to the ~~s of thoac atrips with a aagnet and you will aoe they flop ovcr,

• ñol4 thc &t.riPG a U .ttle loose by tho ~. ehen ehoy tdll sprea.d out.

I tlda.Jt tbia ie anouqh to ahow that the ~ft iroo neve.r ha14 th.oae Nqftet8. It puabed th .. out. As •oon as ~hose little individual ~~gnets ~et pushed out of the soft i ron core chen chey run ir. the coil.

-. o-• 19 ~ o- - •

Who-a t .h.oy nm in tha coJ.l thay ara in hulk form. 'l"he coil ' a pa.rt ia to 4iv1d.• thoaa llttla indS.vi4ual a.asn:aata froa buUt for. ic ... 11 p&tha.

The coil la not neeaeea.ry t.o -..lt4l -...onet:lc: eu.r- rent e . ~ta e&D be ..a with • ai.Dola wi.r•· '1'be coil l a c.c.aa·azy to .l.Dc.r .. •• tM aao\Ult: aD4 au:ezagt..b of th• cu~·te. 'l"he c:oll ia aiaUa.r to any eel l batte.-ry. One cell a l o!'l.e dou not amoune t.o anything. TO be Qood, ttlfltlY cells ha ve to be in a batta:y. 1'hé aame in a coil to ~ good many turne hov& to bé in a coil.

~"''"'~ c_.t,R...Jtt .J:~r\c }\ •wcr• o\. 1\<. ~' ',...p Q t:. ' ' •··. S'\'· ;.<t;¡ .

...... . ,...\•·<:~- --.c~ . .. e. ... ~

c ......... , -\!-e ,..... ..... e_ ""~·~ , f

,)40 ... ( ..... '- •

33

Whu the IUgnet• t.h.at •r• in bu.lic fona ~ter c.he coil t.he.n the coil divi des t.b• in a.all pathe. It 1• done in this w~;

When the bulk :uonets en~er tho coil 'they flll t.he coil' s wire witl'l North and SOUth Pole inclivldu~l oagneta. No!'th ~le n.agnets pointi.t'.g towa.rd ~th Pole u ahape :agnet and South Pole pointinc¡ t.ow•rd: Nort:h Po le u s!w;pe eaagnet.

Now t.he wire in t b.o eoil i• ooe eontinuoua aagnet.. On• aide of the vire is South Polo and the other North Pole.

Now we have tho•e lietle North and South Pole i ndividuel magnets in the wi r e , but they a r e not runni ng in the way we want. 'l'hoy are running •eros• t hG wir•.

we wan: t he ~Agnota to r un through the wire lengt hwiae, but there ie only one way to do it, we h•v• to increate the nur~r ot those North ~a South Pole indi vidual .... ~Jr..ets:. <ro do it the c-oil vlll bave :o app.roaeh Md enter ~he U thape m.agnet , but when ~he coil reaehea the aiddle of ;he u s..hape ,...onet c:he lialt is tbere ao the running ot the currence ltop.

In the core and thc coil there is plenty of thosé little roagnets. but they otopped to rvn through che wira length wlao. now they run on l y acroae the coil'e wire.

to mako the MA9"6ta run in ~h• wire len9thwiae again the coil will have to get avay from t.he u aha,pe :.aqnet.. As s.oon •• che coil be9in1 to ~• •wa.y frCGI t .he U ahape n.ag:net. then those l!ttle North anc! SOUtb Pole individual rugneta begin to run •gain ~~o~gh the ~ire l•ngth-vise. but in oppcslte 4irection until the magnct s i n the i~on coxe are gone.

34

z t.ol4 you t:hat the coil 1• a .. gnet. 4ur·1Dg t.ba e~ the ~t• are ..a.. DOW

I vill abow yOU.

• Cet o small paper box to go in between ~é pronge of the u shape ~'gnet. • put iron filings in it . • Wra.p aix-inch long aoft iron wire with pape~. • put tho wire io box ln iron fil!nga, • now put the box beewe.n the U e ha~ a&gnet pronge. • Raia& thoe wi~e up, tñen you will aH filing atranda c:linginq to the i.nsulated

iroc wire. • Raiae the wire up alowly, ~hen th6 f1l1n~ str&r~o will sag a~d fall. • take thc box out. • pu t tho wire in tho fil.l.ngs aga in, • raiao up &nd you will cee that tho wiro is no ~onet. ~t during the time it w•• betwcen che u ah.Ape :ugnet prong1 i t. was a magcet.

'l'hia abowa tbat cturin.q t.he tl..e tbe coil .,...... tbrough th• o ab&pe upet the coil b4K:o.e• a ...asrnet, bu.t ita funotion J.a double. so.. i.o4iTi4\lkl Mort.h &D4 South Pole .. gneta run through tbe coil•a wire croa.wiae, an4 aoae run through the coil• a wir• luothwiae.

o

• ~

.~ Y~ you t..b.lnic. tl'-'lt. 1.t h not ta:r to u.~• hon wir~ t.o ~tr•~e how NO'n•tic cu.rre.ct& a:re oad•. bUt I can t.ell YO"- that 1f I do r.ot \,;$8 iro:\ co.ro in tl"...e co!l 1 can ..u 1t0re of tbc nagnotlc curr~ts wltb •oft iron wlro coil than I can v lth coppe~ wire coll. So y~ s•e ic. ia POrftctly Q~ to UG'! iron tc!iro t.o d~vtr•te how n".A.QnOtic cun:ent• •r• aade. ·tou ce..:t do th• C(l»oolt thl no with tho CO'QX>er vi.c• tn ueing iron UUngs, buc only on & tm~llor s:c:o.le.

35

You ~Jaw how t.he magnete are running through a •.dr• cros.swise .

O.fore thc Magnets start to run through the wire l•nothwlse tbey are lined up in a aqua~e acros& tht vire . on& side of the wir• la Nortb Pole ~gnot aide and tbe other &ide ia south Polo m&9Dee side.

41 ·· · o [J . ·· ·>

Whon the coil begins to approach t he mi ddle of the ü ehape magnet and the currcnt& begin to run than the magnét s which are in the wire begin to s l ant, North Pole magneta pointing east t hé oame as thc eoil ' $ wire end, where tht North Pole magnet current e~~e out a.nd South Pole magnets pointir.g west the sarne as thc coil ' s wire ond where the South Pole ~gnet eur- r ent e~ out.

t •

o

V 'oJhen the coil reac:hee th9 m.iddle of the U sha.pe magnet then the currenta etop to nm. No-~ the North and south Polc magnets are pointing acrosu the wiro &QAin.

•··· o[) • ···>

Wben the coi! begins to move away fr~' the middle of the u Ghape ma~et and thé currents begin to run then t he magnecs which ore in the wi re begJn to slont, but t.hi s time the North Polt- rnag-nets are polntino 1>/est ehe aamli aa che coil ' s wire end where the North Pole Magr.et currtnt come out ar.d South Pole m.gnets pointing ~a•t the IL~ •s the coil·e w1re en4 where the South Polo magnet curre~t came out.

o

• .;. When the coil move$ out of thc u shape magnet•s offectivé distance the currents ~ing stop.

\IJhcn the individual North and South pol& magnets are running throu.gh a wire lengthviae they are ~nning in alant and whlrl i ng aroun~ while ru~~lng ahead.

-· 0 ...... ~·· ,.,.,~> ? ¿ '" ti .~ ..... ,.,.

You ccm seo the !llant by w•tchino the sparko when you oro put ting togothe~; a_nd pullin; away •oft lron wire enda whi~h are connected to thé battery by thcir othu ende .

' 'ro a.ee how the c:urruta are ruaning out of the coil • a vire wateh thoee 8.b:: oae-incb loncr .... crnets wbich lie on the ol•••.

• Put choao ugnett: I:OO"e:ber with end.s cven. then let thea looae,

then you will sée th&t they will roll away and if the magnets be atronger the~ t hcy will roll away farther.

'l"hla ia t~ wa,y eM North an4 soutb Pole in41vi4u.al NgoQeta a.r• ~ out of the coil'a v i re l~wi••·

36

31

The reason the North and South Pole ind ividual magneta do not run acreas ehrough the coil's wirc "* fast out. aR they r un in whlle the coU is· bet.ween the U shape .magnet. t.he coil• a wire is insula.ted. there ia a.n a ir apaco around evcry wire a.nd ao it is lc.·'lown that che dry air le the bcat obstruct:ion for :.he magncts t o qo tl-.rougb and •• you know t.he coil is well inr.alatéd so the d.az:q> air doea c.c>e 9Ct. in. It is well kr.own that. it ie tMny ci.mu: Msier for the =wagnets to rur. in %etal . tha.n in air,

now you eee vben the aa~t• l'\lA in the vire th«Y ha•itate to J:"U,.D out of tb• vire acro1a tha a~UM vay •• thfiY c ... in, •o aore of the n., m.agnete are ooaing in th• wire croaawiae, than th,.y can get out croaawise, eo tbey get puahed out through the vire l a n.gthwiaa .

Now you ll::now how t.he &lte.nl.&t.~ •gn•tic current.a aze .. de .

You have be~n wondering · why altexnating ourrents can run ao far away from their g-enerAtors .

ono reason is between every L1~e the eurrontl st•rt a.nd 1top tbere !1 no pressure in the vire so the JPaVflCts fr<la t.l\4; ai r ruta in the wire and whe!"'; t.he run st.a.rtl ':.hore a.l.ready are aagne~s in the vire whieh do r.ot ~"- to eOtte fr'Cie the generator . $0 the power line iteelf !s a ~11 generator whieh assista the big ge:nerntor to furnioh the mag·neu for the eurre:nts t.o l'Un with.

'11~--- . '

.~ .. ~

t hAve a c¡ellerator that generttec eun:ente on. a sma.ll acale from the air without uain9 any -magneLa around it.

Another thinq, you ha ve. been wond~Ting how a U shape pe.t'Dtlnent ma~rn.et ea.n keep ito normal $tren;th indetinitGly. You know ths &oft !ron does not hold magnecc, ~~t you already hsve o~e that holds it .

t·~ i a the pe.rpetu.al .:>tioa bold.er.. It illuatra.tes the prbc:ipl• how pe~t a&g~M~ta ar:e- .. &. •

All that ha• to be done ia to atart the aagnete to run J.n on orbit, tben thoy • ·ill n.-ver atop .

38

Hard steel U ehape rnagnets have a broken orbit, but under prc;er conditions it le pett.anent.

I think the etructure of the ~•tal ie the •n•we~ . 1 have two u shape ~g~ets. They 1ook al~ke. but one ia a littlé h&rder than the other. The b&rder one can lift three pounda MOre d'..a.n the soft-u 0."10. I have bee:n tAapering the other atMl N:gnets. and llave noticed that tr.e !:>.arder the steel gete the $:!tAller ic. becoees. Th.at • hows th.at the rr.et.a.l ic aore packed Md has lesa holea in it ao the 11:'.ag:r.ee• cannot pass through ic in full Gpeed, eo they dam up in the prong er.da. They co:n:• in foster thtm they can get out.

1 thir.k -thc &.bility for che aoft st-eel vel<Un; rod to hold oagn•t.a ia in the ~tel·s fin• •tructu:e .

'!'tte rN3cn I call the. ruult• of North and So'.at.'l Pole Mgnet•s function.s magnetie eurrenta and not electrie currents or elect.ricity is th• •lcc:~icity ia conneet.ed too cuch with tho•e non•exiatlng elec~rons. Jf it had ~n called ~qneticity then I woul d accept it. MAgneticity would indleate thDt it has • magnoeic ~•e and oo it would be All .right.

39

As I said i n the b eginni ng, the North and South Pole roa gne ts they are the cosmic force. They hold toge the r this earth and e ve rythi ng on i t , and they hold the moon toge ther too . 'J'he rooon ' s liorth end holds South Pele magne ts the s ame as the earth' s North end. The moon' s South end holds North Pole the same as the e arth' s South end . Those p eop le w·ho have b een wonde r i ng w·hy the moon does not come down all they have to do is to 9 i v e the moon one-half of a turn so that the North end \'toul d b e in South side, and the South end i n the liorth sid e , and then the moon \•tould come dot·m . At present the earth and moon have like ma gne t polea i n the same sides so their o\·m magne t polea keep them apart , but when the polea are r ev e rsed , then they will pull toge the r . Here is a good t i p to the roclte t p e-op le. 14alte the roclte t ' s head strong liorth Po le magne t , and the tail end strong South Pole magne t , and then loclt on the moon' s liorth end~ then you will have b e tte r success .

North and South Pole magne ts are not only holdi ng toge the r the earth and moon, but they are turni ng the earth around on i ts axis . Those magne ts which are coming forro the sun are h i tti ng their O\'tn k i nd of magne ts ,.,hich are circulating around the earth and they h i t more on the East side than on the West side , and that is what maltea the earth turn around . North and South Pole magne ts malte the lightning , i n earth' s North hemisphe r e the South Pole magne ts are going up and the North Pole magne ts are coming do\'m i n the same flash . The North lights are caused by the North and South Pole magne ts passing i n concentrated streams , but the streams are not as much concentrate-d as they are i n the lightning . The radi o wave-s are made by the North and South Pole magne ts . Now about the magne t size . You k.no\'t sunlight can go through glass , paper and leaves , but i t cannot go through wood , rocA and i ron , but the magne ts can go through e ve rythi ng . This shot·ts that each magne t is smaller than each particle of light .