MAGAZINE October 2016 Sharadiya Sankhya

Contents

1. Kabita Magna Aachhi Arun Kumar Chakraborty Page 1

2. Essay Hitler Again Dipak Bhattacharya Page 2 – 7

3. Essay Making of Mahishasura Mardini Indira Basu Page 8 – 10

4. Travelogue Mount Kilimanjaro Nihar Kanti Ray Page 11- 14

5. Prabandha Kaliyuge Bhabitabya Phalguni Purakayastha Page 15 –16

6. Prabandha Buro Dipak Bhattacharya Page 17 –19

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1

HITLER AGAIN

Dipak Bhattacharya

After having taken retirement from service in an office, one of the ways that I use for passing

time is reading books. One of my favourite topics is Hitler.

Recently, in social media, a snippet in Bengali concerning a deep infatuation that young

Hitler had for a girl named Stefanie Rabatsch (nee Isak) has been in circulation. In BEC69

WhatsApp group Dipankar forwarded this article sometime back. It has been implied in this

snippet that, because this Jewish girl spurned Hitler, the latter started to bear a life-long

hatred against the Jews. The snippet is not exactly correct in the sense that the girl was not a

Jew after all, but the name sounded Jewish!

A few days ago, the President of Philippines Rodrigo Duerte is learnt to have wanted to do an

act similar to Hitler. He would like to eliminate 3 million or so of the Philippines drug

addicts, like what Hitler did for 3 million Jews!

All these mean that, even after more than 70 years since Hitler committed suicide and the

World War II came to an end, our interest in Hitler has not ceased. We see new books being

written, analyzing him as a person, and discussing military aspects of the War - some even

wondering whether Hitler could have won the war had he not made certain mistakes, and if

he had listened to his generals and allowed the military decisions to be taken based on

military strategies and not based on his political philosophy. These analyses purportedly use

fresh perspectives – not used earlier - in order to unravel Hitler’s image which is still

mystified. From the early phase of his political career, there has been a deliberate attempt to

create a mystic aura around Hitler – initially by his mentors, and later by himself and his

sycophants such as Goebbels, when he consolidated his position in the Nazi party. This aura

was retained till his death. Because of this, and because he was the head of the defeated

country responsible for widespread destruction and genocide in much of Europe, he has been

perceived and condemned as a demon. This “demonization” of Hitler has been an

impediment to a fuller understanding of him and of the Nazi phenomenon. We have not been

able to think or accept that Hitler could have traits that many of us have. In 1973, when a

documentary “Swastika” based on movie footage taken by Eva Braun, was premiered in

Cannes film festival, the audience was outraged, booing and whistling at the screen, with

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cries of “Assassins!” The presentation of Hitler as a friendly uncle, a petit bourgeois figure

in a suit and tie, popping in and out of a family gathering, was intolerable (Ref: on-line

version of Guardian, January 27, 2013). Things appear to be changing now. A statue of

Hitler praying on his knees in the Warsaw ghetto has been installed a few years ago at the

site of the infamous Warsaw ghetto (Ref: on-line version of Guardian, 28 December, 2012).

The statue cannot be seen from the front, but is visible from a hole in a wooden gate and

viewers can only see the back of the small figure praying in a courtyard. Poland's chief rabbi

did not oppose the installation – though, understandably, there have been adverse reactions

and comments from Jewish groups and organizations. Fabio Cavallucci, director of the

Centre for Contemporary Art, which oversaw the installation has said: "It's an artwork that

tries to speak about the situation of hidden evil everywhere." This is a very important

statement, because it can be valid in any country and society, and under any political set up.

Logically, it leads to the question - if evil is commonplace – hidden or otherwise – what make

them dangerous to others and when? For example, does one have to be an intelligent and a

daring person like Professor Moriarty – adversary of Sherlock Homes - to become and act

evil?

As per A.N. Wilson (“Hitler”, Basic Books, 2012), it is surprising that a mediocre person like

Hitler could dominate the world. As per his analysis, Hitler could not succeed as an art

student. (The Bengali snippet in social media referred earlier is not very truthful). He was

reluctant to take up a paid employment. As a soldier in World War I, Hitler was only a -

message-running corporal. No doubt - he was a diligent person, but not intelligent enough to

consider that he had leadership skills. This analysis is supported in another recent book by

Brigitte Hamman (“Hitler’s Vienna”, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2010). As an example, on

page 403-404, under a subheading “A Political Career considered Impossible”, she writes:

“Hausler and Hanisch, Dr Bloch, Kubizeck and Samuel Morgenstern, his (Hitler) former

fellow residents in the Men’s hostel (in Vienna), and his schoolmates in Linz were astonished

by Hitler’s political career in Germany, which began in 1919. Not one of them would have

considered anything like that possible. His former colleagues understood even less why the

same person who had once gotten along with Jews especially well, was now all of a sudden

supposed to be a leading German anti-Semite….What was most conspicuous about him were

his mental rigidity, his inflexibility and inhibition, his fear of women, and his inability to be

merry and have a good time with others…”Neither did anyone notice the “compelling force”

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of Hitler’s blue eyes, which later became proverbial, or any other power of suggestion in him.

It seems likely that Hitler, who had oratory training with an actor, and who practised his

gestures in front of a mirror and had them photographed so he could improve them, also

practised the supposedly irresistible power of his eyes…To these deliberately developed

skills must have been added a considerable degree of autosuggestion, a fanatical belief in

himself…This must have added up to the impression of Hitler as a man of suggestive power –

the German people’s saviour.” The fanatical belief in himself later changed to self-delusion.

Timothy W Ryback, the author of another recent book (“Hitler’s private Library – books that

shaped his life”, Vintage Books, 2010), talking of a situation in 1942- writes : “Hitler had

built a career on deluding others with his lies, illusions, and false promises, but by age fifty-

three he had also mastered the art of self delusion …. so much so that he could take comfort

in believing that the current borders of his empire were as fixed as the history of his

empire...” (page-217). Interestingly, the quick successes in Poland in 1939 and France in

1940 convinced many of the Generals that Hitler was indeed a genius (The Storm of War -a

new history of the Second World War, by Andrew Roberts Harper/HarperCollins Publishers.

2011). Some of them openly said so. This also might have aided to enhance the sense of self-

delusion. It would also be interesting to note what was written in the 18 August, 1941 issue of

‘Life’ in an article -‘Nazi Germany after two years of war’) -‘After eight years of steady and

thunderous successes, Hitler thinks himself as a superman who can make no mistakes…. It

has become increasingly difficult for the higher officials to get an audience with

Hitler….When after weeks he can see them .. he is apt to rant at them on some idea of his

own, and often they leave without having had a chance to bring up the pressing matter… No

one now questions Hitler in his presence….Thus when Hitler decided to attack Russia, not

even his Generals dared to tell him that, it would take more than three weeks to annihilate

Russia…’

Ryback’s book is a book about books. Hitler was a voracious reader. It seems he was

conscious of his lack of formal education. He dropped out of high school in 1902 and

took a crash course in political ideology in 1919 at Munich University. Probably, to

overcome this deficiency, he used to read books every night – sometimes completing the

reading in one night’s time. The books covered many subjects - military history, arts &

architecture, political philosophy, German history, and even on matters of occult, body

and soul. His total collection of books exceeded 16,000. Initially, he used to buy them.

Later, when his political stature ascended, he used to receive books from his admirers

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and friends. It is reckoned that Hitler was able to read about 10% of the books that he

possessed. He read some of them from cover to cover, with extensive comments in the

margins. He had photographic memory and could reproduce details from a book

without any error. In the article in ‘Life’ referred earlier, the following information is

available: ‘Usually he goes to the bedroom about 2am and he hates to get up before 11. He is

said to sleep only about four hours but spends the rest of the time brooding and reading.

People who know him say he reads or looks through two books daily, many of them technical

books about armaments and military history. He reads rapidly and has a photographic

memory.’ Hitler could effectively use his photographic memory while discussing military

strategy with his Generals and to impose his own ideas on the latter. From what he had read

in the available literature, he could store in his memory exact numbers of different types

naval ships, tanks etc which was possessed by different countries, and the annual rates of

productions etc and could bring them out from his memory at his will. This was also another

reason why the Generals were impressed with Hitler – at least in the initial phase of the war.

Ryback has chosen ten books and connected the roles that these books had Hitler’s

course in life at different periods - from his days as a messenger man in World War I to

his final months in the underground bunker in Berlin.

In late November 1915, Hitler bought a book titled ‘Berlin’ by written by Max Osborn.

This was an architectural guide to the city of Berlin. “…to pay… for a book on artistic

treasures of Berlin, when cigarettes, schnapps, and women were readily available for

more immediate and palpable distraction, can be seen as an act of aesthetic

transcendence….” – (even if we consider that, since Hitler was not a frontline soldier,

but only a messenger, he could get some free time once in a while and read a book). After

the war, “Hitler arrived in Munich with his (affected) eyesight and a slightly battered

copy of the book on Berlin…that he was to keep with him for the rest of his life.” Hitler

was not a painter of high level. He was also not qualified to get admission in a college

that taught architecture. Perhaps, this type of book provided Hitler some kind of

fulfilment for his aspiration to become a good artist than he actually was, or to become

an architect that he could not formally study.

In the autumn of 1921, Dietrich Eckart presented Hitler a copy of a five-act and verse-

based play, “Peer Gynt” written by Henrik Ibsen. Eckert (1868-1923) was an anti-

Bolshevik and anti-Jew journalist and a playwright. Among the plays he produced, “Peer

Gynt” was an important one. He was a participant in the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch

5

that was a failed attempt by the Nazi party headed by Hitler to seize power in Munich.

Hitler came into contact with Eckart in 1919, and the latter became a patron, mentor and

father figure to the former. Hitler hailed Eckart as the “polar star” of Nazi movement.

Hitler dedicated the second edition of Mein Kampf. Hitler wrote at the end of this book -

"Together with those, and as one of the best of all, I should like to mention the name of a man

who devoted his life to reawakening his and our people, through his writing and his ideas and

finally through positive action. I mean Dietrich Eckart".

(http://thirdreichocculthistory.blogspot.in/2011/07/dietrich-eckart-hitlers-

mentor.html)

Dietrich Eckert was a man of strong appetites – for women, alcohol and morphine – and

even stronger opinions – when it came to the Jews. On December 26, 1923, Eckert died

of heart attack due to an overdose of morphine. Before this, he was largely responsible

to make Hitler the supremo in the Nazi Party with dictatorial powers. Hitler read ‘Peer

Gynt’, and saw the play. One can only make conjecture as to what influence the book and

the play might have made on the mind of Hitler. It is also curious to note that Eckert

presented the book to Hitler about two years after he met him. The play had first been

staged much earlier.

In the first scene of the first act of the book, Peer, a wayward son tells his mother : “ I will

be a king, a Kaiser” (http://www.niteowl.org/Classical/peer1-1.html). He journeys across

Europe and Morocco, through the magical world of trolls and into the courts of kings,

leaving ruined lives and betrayed promises in the wake, only to return home at the end of

his life in ruin and shame. There he finds his abandoned but faithful lover, Solveig,

waiting for him and offering him salvation. It is interesting to note what Eckert wrote in

the introduction to his stage adaptation of Peer Gynt :’His idea of becoming the king of

the world should not be taken literally as the “will to “power”. Hidden behind this is a

spiritual belief that he will be ultimately pardoned for all his sins.’

Hitler was awed by Eckart’s stature. Eckart was impressed with Hitler – particularly with his

oratory power. Hitler possessed the passion and frontline credentials Eckart had long been

seeking. Once Eckert told: “We need someone to lead us who is used to the sound of a

machine gun. Someone who can scare the shit out of people…“I don’t need an officer. The

common people have lost all respect for them. The best would be a worker who knows how

to talk. He does not need to know much. ..“Give me a vain monkey who can give the Reds

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their due and who won’t run away as soon as someone swings a chair leg at him.” ..”He has

to be a bachelor, then we’ll get the women votes. (P-31, Ryback’s book). Many stalwarts in

the fledgling Nazi Party warned Eckert against promoting Hitler without restraint. “Hitler

was certainly the agitator who knew how to bring in the masses, but not the architect who

envisions a plan and form a new building and undertakes the actual work of placing one stone

on top of the next with calm resoluteness…He required someone larger behind him whose

orders he could carry out.” (P-52, Ryback’s book). “I like and value Hitler, but his striving

for total power concerns me…It is going to come to a bad end if he doesn’t change his ways

and allow others to share power. We have to keep in mind that violence and cronyism scare

away the best comrades and cripple the best forces, and in doing so empower the less

desirable elements.” (p-54, Ryback’s book)

Some may argue why we should consider Hitler as a demon. He was and is a demon to the

Europeans whose countries suffered directly at the time of World War II. He was a demon to

the Jews who were subjected to mass extermination. Actually, Churchill should be

considered a demon by us because, it was his decisions and actions that were primarily

responsible for the great Bengal famine in 1943 when 3 million innocent lives perished in

Bengal (Churchill’s Secret War, Madhusree Mukherjee, Basic Books, August 2010). Former

British PM Cameron, when he was in India in the recent past, should have tendered apology

for Churchill’s crime. However, discussion about Hitler is important and topical for us in

order to continually remind ourselves that a Hitler like leader ultimately thinks about himself,

and not for the people he leads. Towards the end of the war, when it was clear that there was

no hope for a victory for Germany, Hitler openly told that the Germans as losers did not have

a right to exist.

The Making of a programme: Mahisasura Mardini:

With the early-morning broadcast of Mahisasuramardini on the All India Radio, the countdown to the

Durga Puja assumes a frenetic pace. A lot of it has to do with the one-and-a-half hour musical drama,

which for legions of Bengalis, plays the perfect prelude for the grand occasion.

The genesis of the crack-of-dawn programme goes back to 1930. The renowned musician, actor and

regular programmer of the Calcutta Radio Station (henceforth CRS), Hirendranath Basu, had recorded a

musical play Prabhate Ashram Drisya for the Dacca unit of the Gramophone Company of India in 1929.

Nripendranath Majumdar, the director of Bengali programmes for the CRS requested Hirendranath to

broadcast similar programmes for the station. Hirendranath’s first morning programme for the CRS was

aired on June 15, 1930 named as ‘Prabhati Utsav’. Betar Jagat, the Bengali-in-house journal of the CRS,

announced the broadcasting of the second ‘Prabhati Utsav’ on the Mahalaya day in 1930 and from then

on it came to be known as Prabhati Utsav (1931), Pratyush Mangal (1932, on the Masasthi day),

Jaganmatar Bandana (1933), Saradiya Bandana (1934) and Prabhati Anusthan (1935). In 1936 it was

christened ‘Mahisasura Badh’ and was broadcast on the day of Mahasasthi. In 1937, however, it was back

to its old schedule of the Mahalaya day this time with yet another new title Mahisasuramardini. The

name stuck and so did the day of the programme.

In his book Mahisasuramardini (1959), Banikumar talks about his contribution to this ever-popular show.

He had based his script on Markandeya Chandi or Saptasati Chandi, a part of the Markandeya Purana,

containing seven hundred slokas, extolling the magnanimity of Devi Chandi, forms the backbone of

Banikumar’s literary effort. The famous musician Raichand Baral came along to compose the music.

Banikumar had a tough task at hand. The story with its complex characters and several twists and turns

had to be simplified for the average Bengali listener. The story of Chandi begins with king Surath who

had lost his kingdom meeting a down-on-his-luck trader called Samadhi in a forest. Together they visit

the hermitage of sage Medhas in search of peace. The sage told them about the power of the goddess

Chandi in overcoming distress.

Banikumar got substantial help from Pandit Ashokkumar Sastri while negotiating through the slokas. Till

the early sixties when Mahisasuramardini used to be a live programme, the script was bound to be

changed from the previous year in its details here and there. This variation in programme was also an

attraction to the listeners and broke the monotony of repetition.

Mahishasuramardini owes a lot of its appeal to the enduring voice of Birendrakrishna Bhadra, the

narrator of the musical drama. Bhadra was so deeply involved that he had once said his narration was an

offering to the goddess, not a mere recitation. Taking bath early in the morning, clad in dhoti of garad

silk, he would prepare himself for the programme. With profound skill in both oratory and music, he

maintained a fine balance, tuning his voice to reflect the myriad moods depicted in the script.

Pankajkumar Mallick was associated as one of the music directors along with Raichand Baral and

Harishchandra Bali during the early years of the programme. While the association of the other two was

short-lived, he stayed on to compose music and select the singers.

Rehearsals during the live-programme years started a couple of months before the show. The matter of

attendance was accorded utmost importance and even star-performers had to be punctual. Other than

Birendrakrishna Bhadra and Pankaj Kumar Mallick, the names of participants kept changing. The names

of performers began to appear from 1938 in the Betar Jagat. The first published list included Harimati,

Abhabati and Parul Chaudhury － three extremely popular singers of the era. In 1940, Anil Das,

Hemanta Mukhopadhyay, Kalpana Hajra, Saila Devi, Ila Ghosh and Suprabha Ghosh took part in the

show. The first solo song of the programme ‘Bajlo tomar alor benu’ was allotted to Ila Ghosh. She was

later replaced by Supriti Ghosh. Similarly, the solo ‘Jago tumi jago’ in male voice was first sung by

Hemanta Mukhopadhyay and after him (when he left for Mumbai) by Dwijen Mukhopadhyay. Over the

years, Akhilbandhu Ghosh, Pannalal Bhattacharya, Manabendra Mukhopadhyay, Rabin Bose, Bimal

Bhusan, Utpala Sen, Sandhya Mukhopadhyay, Shymal Mitra, Dhiren Bose, Pratima Mukhopadhyay lent

their voices.

In the beginning Surendralal Das popularly known as ‘Thakurda’ who served the CRS from 1936 - 1942,

was in charge of the orchestra. A team of instrumentalists called ‘Jantrisangha’ established by him

accompanied the programme. There were Sarengi player Munshi Ahmed Hussein, Khushi Ahmed in

harmonium, Dakshinamohan Thakur in esraj, Raichand Baral in Piano, Abani Mukhopadhyay and

Taraknath Dey in violin, flute-player Gaur Goswami, sitar player Sailen Das and many others associated

with the programme at various stages. Bela Dey wrote in her autobiography the conch-blowing of

Mrityunjay Badyopadhyay at the beginning of the programme. Later, the sound used to be created in

clarionet by Saileswar Chattopadhyay.

The schedule time of the morning programme was not 4 a.m. in the beginning. It used to begin at 6 a.m.

till 1937, at 5.30 since 1938 and at 5 a.m. since 1941. The programme began to be broadcast at 4 a.m.

only from early 1950s. The duration of the programme also varied from one to two hours and was

standardized to one and a half hour in late 40s. If one goes through the pages of the early Betar Jagat, it is

not hard to find special programmes on the occasion of other Hindu festivals like Dol-yatra, Janmastami,

Sivachaturdashi, Saraswati puja. There had been programmes like ‘Akal Bodhan’, ‘Uma Haimabati’,

‘Ma Elo re’ on the occasion of Durgapuja in 30s and 40s. But none of these programmes did sustain for

so many years as Mahisasuramardini. What was the reason? Was it the time chosen for the program?

Morning programme in early years started at 6 a.m. or 5.30 a.m. and did not collide with the regular

programmes. Gradually, with the popularity, the programme was fixed at 4 a.m. – a safe time for special

broadcasting without any question of adjustment with other programmes. The one to two hours

programmes on Sivachaturdashi or Saraswati puja day in the evening of 30s had to be abandoned and

substituted with 15 minutes programme in later years.

In the end, what remains to be singled out is the spirit of the programme. From 1937 onward, the

programme was portrayed as ‘Bodhan’ meaning performance of ritual for awakening of the goddess

Durga. That very word put the programme in a different genre for both the listeners and performers and

that’s why till date radio is switched on in most of the Bengali household on the particular day and time in

spite of multiple options of radio and television channels and availability of the programme in disks and

cassettes.

Roof of Africa: Mt. Kilimanjaro

August 17, 2012, 8:08am

In 2012, after running thirty-two marathons including Seven Continents Marathon Race, I was searching

for a new challenge. Finally, in March 2012, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro (elevation: 5895

meter) in Tanzania, even though I had no experience in hiking or camping or high altitude living.

My group of ten trekked to a camp at 4300 meter, feeling no reaction to the low oxygen. But then

several members began to notice light headaches and nausea. The next day, August 17, we trekked to

the base camp at 4750 meter. Some of the climbers turned back at this point, unable to cope with the

conditions at this elevation. But with only few hours rest, the remaining members started our journey

to the summit shortly after midnight. We used head-torches to navigate a zigzag trail on rough volcanic

sand and loose stones, with a temperature of about -20 degree Celsius and strong wind. I faced an

unusual issue with low oxygen. I lost appetite and as such within few hours of starting the climb, my

sugar level started dropping rapidly. I consumed all five of my trail mixture bars within an hour or two,

although it was still a long way to the peak. For the rest of the climb, I essentially begged for food and

drinks from my guides, and they shared what little they could spare. My biggest concern at this point

was thinking, ―even if I reach the summit, how will I make it back down?

Around 5:40am red lights peaked over the horizon, indicating sunrise, which gave me the determination

to continue. Finally, at 8:08am, I reached the summit (5895 meter) along with five other members of

the original ten-person team. (Kilimanjaro National Park says the success rate is only 41 %.)

Coming down was much more treacherous than going up because of the loose stones and uneven rocks.

Our group reached base camp at 11:48am. Within two hours, we packed again and continued down—

trekking about 17 hours that day, August 17. The next day, we reached the park headquarters, Marangu

Gate, at 1900 meter. At that point, I started to enjoy food again!

I give entire credit to my success to my marathon training and marathon race mind set, without which it

would be impossible for me to cope with the brutal condition. Let’s not forget world famous tennis star

Martina Navratilova had to be airlifted because of water accumulation in her lungs. In fact, water

accumulation in lungs is quite common in high altitude low oxygen environment. Finally, I must point

out to aspiring candidates not to take this adventure lightly. In fact, death rate here is higher than

Mount Everest. Unfortunately, there is no way to predict for anyone’s success for this mountain

irrespective of age or physical abilities. There is no system for carrying artificial oxygen like Mount

Everest and that creates major unknowns to the outcome.

Figure 1: Before reaching the summit, Kilimanjaro peak on my back

Figure 2: At the Kilimanjaro Summit

Figure 3: Exiting the park gate after a successful summit

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~'Sll EXTRACTS FROM EPIC liTERATURE

We the in the: Kall ti1ga • in a \\Orld infested \\ 1th 1mpuritie~ and \ 1ces. People possessing gcn1al v1rtue:. are d1minishing da) by day. Ploods and famine, \\ar nnd crime, deceit and duplicity charactcme this age. But, 5a)

the scriptures. final emancipation IS possible only m this age. /\ali >itga has t\\O ph!i!>c:. · hud first. humans • having lost the knowledge of the two higher selves- had knO\\ ledge of the 'breath body' span from the physical self. During the second phose even this kno\\ ledge has deserted mankind, leaving us only with the a\\&reness of the gross physical body. This explams why we are now more preoccupied w1th our physical self than anything else. Due to our preoccupation with our ph) sica I bodies and our lower selves. and because of our emphasis on the pursuit of gross materiah:.m. this age h~ been termed the 'Age of Darkness' · an age when \\e ha\·c lost touch'' 1th our mncr sehes. an age of profound ignorance! The Scriptures of Ramayana & Malrablllmltu. ha\c also spoken about the A.ali }uga In the Tula.tt Ramayana. \\e rind kakbhushund1 lorctelhng. 'In the Kaft luga. the hot·bed of' sin. men and \\Omen arc: all steeped in unrighteousness and act conlraJ) to the Vcd3S .. every virtue had bcen engulfed b) the sins of /\ali ruga;

all good hooks had disappeared. impostors had promulgated a number of creeds, which they had in vented out of their own Y.it. J'he people had all fallen pre) to delusion and oil pious acts had been S\\aiiO\\ed b) greed.' In the Mahablrarata (Santi Pan•a) fudhishtlrir says.' The ordinances of the Vedas disappear gradual!) in every succeSSI\C age ... the duties in the Kali age are entirely of another kind. II seems, therefore. that duties have been laid down lor the respective age according lo the powers or human beings in the respective ages.' The Saga Vyasa later on dan ties: 'In the Kali litga, the duties of the respective order disapp~ar and men become atflicted b) mequity.' So the big question! Whatll!lppens Ne\t? It is predicted that at the end ofthe Kalt litga. the universe \\ill be destroyed and all the physical body would undergo a great transformation After such dissolution. Lord would recreate the un1versc and mankind will become the 'Beings ofTrulh' once again. The Satya jug will stan again!

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