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MAET 2009 Year 2
Week 1 Day 3
Behaviorism
Behaviorism Cognitivism Socioculturalism
Learning TheoristsThorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner
Koffka, Kohler, Gagne, Piaget, Ausubel,
Bandura, Salomon
View of the learning process
Change in behaviorInternal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception
Interaction /observation in social contexts. Movement from the periphery to the center of a community of practice
Locus of learning Stimuli in external environment Internal cognitive structuringLearning is in relationship between people and environment.
Purpose in educationProduce behavioral change in desired direction
Develop capacity and skills to learn better
Full participation in communities of practice and utilization of resources
Educator’s roleArranges environment to elicit desired response
Structures content of learning activity
Works to establish communities of practice in which conversation and participation can occur.
Manifestations in adult learning
Behavioral objectives Competency -based educationSkill development and training
Cognitive development Intelligence, learning and memory as function of ageLearning how to learn
Socialization Social participationAssociationalismConversation
Classical conditioning: Pavlov’s dog – pairing NS with UCS to get CR
Operant conditioning:Skinner – positive and negative reinforcement; punishment
Reinforcement (behavior increases)
Punishment (behavior decreases)
Positive (something
is added)
Positive reinforcement: Something is added to increase desired behavior (e.g., smile and compliment student on good behavior)
Positive punishment
Something is added to decrease undesired behavior (e.g., given student detention for failing to follow class rules)
Negative (something
is removed)
Negative reinforcement:
Something is removed to increase desired behavior (e.g., give a free homework pass for turning in all assignments)
Negative punishment:
Something is removed to decrease undesired behavior (e.g., make student miss time in recess for not following class rules)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4&feature=PlayList&p=CA8ADF1E2E1997DC&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=7
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyZHSZf3TM&feature=related
Behaviorism in education
Video Games
Tetris is a simple game but involves multiple reinforcers. Reinforcers include:
Positive Reinforcers:• Gaining points and clearing rows• High Score or improving on a previous score• Fitting blocks• Winning or advancing to the next level
Negative Reinforcers:• Avoidance of losing• Build up of rows• Failure to beat an earlier high score
Tetris: http://www.freetetris.org
Gambling
http://www.freeslots.com/slots-1.htm
http://www.tomsnyder.com/fasttmath/tour.html
FastMath
• Langer:– What is mindful learning? – Why might one want to strive for mindful
learning? – Which way would you prefer to learn (mindful
or not)?• Which way should we teach?
Skinner’s Influence
• Find software on the web that uses behaviorist principles to teach
• http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/behavior.htm