The Islamic State of MadinaThe Islamic State of Madina

Political & Military aspectPolitical & Military aspect

Inner Light for ALLInner Light for ALL

Why this topic ?Why this topic ?

Two aspect of Prophets lifeTwo aspect of Prophets life Meccan PeriodMeccan Period Medinan Period Medinan Period

Some aspects of Prophets life not known Some aspects of Prophets life not known Islamic state of Medina Islamic state of Medina

First constitution of Islamic stateFirst constitution of Islamic state

Military/political aspect of Prophets personalityMilitary/political aspect of Prophets personality

IntroductionIntroduction

Salar e Zaman P-110

BackgroundBackground Social StructureSocial Structure

Tribe - based on blood relationsTribe - based on blood relations Social status of slaves & attached peopleSocial status of slaves & attached people

Economic life based on trade, Economic life based on trade, agriculture agriculture

Wars for worldly gainsWars for worldly gains

Muslim life in MeccaMuslim life in MeccaUmmah & brotherhood Ummah & brotherhood

Threat to established order Threat to established order

Excessive persecutionExcessive persecution Shayab Abi Talib Shayab Abi Talib Hijrat to AbyssinyaHijrat to Abyssinya

No retaliation allowedNo retaliation allowed

Political Social status of MedinaPolitical Social status of Medina Pagan Tribes Pagan Tribes

Two tribes : Aus , KhazrajTwo tribes : Aus , Khazraj Profession : Agriculture Profession : Agriculture Involved in years of warfareInvolved in years of warfare

JewsJews Three tribes : B.Qainuqah, B.Nazir, B.QuraizaThree tribes : B.Qainuqah, B.Nazir, B.Quraiza Profession : Trade, Agriculture, UsuryProfession : Trade, Agriculture, Usury Militarily strongMilitarily strong

Development of Islam in MedinaDevelopment of Islam in Medina Exposure to Islam: 5Exposure to Islam: 5thth year of Nabuwa year of Nabuwa

First Pact of Aqaba ( 10First Pact of Aqaba ( 10thth Nabvi) Nabvi) Initial commitments to lead a pious lifeInitial commitments to lead a pious life

Second Pact of Aqaba (12 Nabvi)Second Pact of Aqaba (12 Nabvi) Invitation to Prophet to migrateInvitation to Prophet to migrate Commitment to protect the Prophet Commitment to protect the Prophet Pact of WarPact of War

Importance of HejirahImportance of Hejirah

Makkah

Foundation of first Islamic StateFoundation of first Islamic State-Medina--Medina-

A constitution was required for the first state to regulate A constitution was required for the first state to regulate its political and social lifeits political and social life

Misaq e MedinaMisaq e Medina

All tribes of Medina will be single Ummah All tribes of Medina will be single Ummah Central Authority of Prophet Central Authority of Prophet

Matters of difference referred to ProphetMatters of difference referred to Prophet No war without permission of ProphetNo war without permission of Prophet

Insistence on Loyalty Insistence on Loyalty Warning against treachery & oppression.Warning against treachery & oppression.Insistence on mutual advice & consultation Insistence on mutual advice & consultation

Misaq e Medina : Internal affairsMisaq e Medina : Internal affairs

Diyat & Fidya Collective responsibility of MuslimsDiyat & Fidya Collective responsibility of MuslimsJoint action against treachery, rebellion & oppression.Joint action against treachery, rebellion & oppression.No Muslim will help an un-Believer against a MuslimNo Muslim will help an un-Believer against a MuslimNo Muslim will help a treacherous elementNo Muslim will help a treacherous element

Qisas : Death penalty for murderer Qisas : Death penalty for murderer Blood money (Diyat) : money paid to the family of murdered personBlood money (Diyat) : money paid to the family of murdered personFidya : money paid to relieve a prisonerFidya : money paid to relieve a prisoner

Misaq e Medina : Internal AffairsMisaq e Medina : Internal Affairs

ProtectionProtection given by a Muslim will be binding on all given by a Muslim will be binding on all MuslimsMuslims

Punishment for killing a Muslim Punishment for killing a Muslim If a person kills a Muslim, without reasonable cause, he shall be given death If a person kills a Muslim, without reasonable cause, he shall be given death

punishment in return or pay blood money if relatives agree- All Muslims will jointly punishment in return or pay blood money if relatives agree- All Muslims will jointly act against the killeract against the killer

No one will be stopped from taking revenge for injuryNo one will be stopped from taking revenge for injury

Any one who is wronged must be helpedAny one who is wronged must be helped

Yasrib will be treated as HaramYasrib will be treated as Haram

Pact of Medina : External AffairsPact of Medina : External Affairs

Joint defence during attack on YathribJoint defence during attack on Yathrib No separate peaceNo separate peace Unbelievers will not Unbelievers will not

protect life & property of Quraysh protect life & property of Quraysh interfere with the Muslims in such a matterinterfere with the Muslims in such a matter

Muslims will avenge the Blood of one Muslims will avenge the Blood of one another when fighting in the path of Allah another when fighting in the path of Allah

Quraysh & their allies will not be helpedQuraysh & their allies will not be helped

Misaq e Medina: Status of JewsMisaq e Medina: Status of Jews

Equality & help to Jews Equality & help to Jews

Religious Freedom Religious Freedom

Jews will help Muslims in warJews will help Muslims in war

Punishment for treachery & oppressionPunishment for treachery & oppression

Enemies & Friends of MedinaEnemies & Friends of Medina

Medina

Makkah

Khaiber

Ghassan

Nejd TribesZamra,Juhaina,Mazina

International trade route

Initial Expeditions : Hijrat - BadrInitial Expeditions : Hijrat - Badr

8 Expeditions before Badr/6 diplomatic in nature8 Expeditions before Badr/6 diplomatic in nature Military impactMilitary impact Other benefitsOther benefits

Navigation in the desertNavigation in the desert Observe Meccan trade caravansObserve Meccan trade caravans Military trainingMilitary training Develop Leadership qualitiesDevelop Leadership qualities

Permission to fight given in Safar 2 A.HPermission to fight given in Safar 2 A.H

) ( )

) ( (

Initial Expeditions : Hijrat - BadrInitial Expeditions : Hijrat - Badr

Medina

Makkah

Khaiber

Ghassan

Nejd TribesZamra,Juhaina,Mazina

International trade route

Battle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.HBattle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.H

Battle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.H Battle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.H

Result Result 14 Muslim martyr14 Muslim martyr 70 killed,70 POW70 killed,70 POW

Islamic state demonstrates its defensive Islamic state demonstrates its defensive capabilitycapability

Immense Prestige for MuslimsImmense Prestige for Muslims Quraysh seek revengeQuraysh seek revenge Reaction of Jews Reaction of Jews

Military StrategyMilitary Strategy

Network of SpiesNetwork of Spies

Immediate preparation & attackImmediate preparation & attack

Element of surpriseElement of surprise

Steadfastness on the fieldSteadfastness on the field

Inclination towards PeaceInclination towards Peace

Campaigns : Badr - UhudCampaigns : Badr - Uhud

Ghazwa B.Qainqah Jews exiled Ghazwa B.Qainqah Jews exiled Sirya Zaid B Harisa Against trade caravan Sirya Zaid B Harisa Against trade caravan Ghazwa SawiqGhazwa Sawiq Ghazwa KadrGhazwa Kadr Ghazwa GhatfanGhazwa Ghatfan Ghazwa B.SulaimGhazwa B.Sulaim Due to sound military tactics, enemy retreated

without battle in all these campaigns

The Battles : Uhud

400 m

Mount Uhud

The Battles : Uhud

The Battles : Uhud

Lessons learntLessons learnt Never disobey the Leader Never disobey the Leader Lack of Discipline can be fatalLack of Discipline can be fatal

Muslim prestige diminishesMuslim prestige diminishes

Muslim state could not be defeated by Muslim state could not be defeated by Quraysh aloneQuraysh alone

Period between Uhud & AhzabPeriod between Uhud & AhzabMuh 4 AH-Sha 5 AHMuh 4 AH-Sha 5 AH

7 Military Campaigns7 Military Campaigns Sirya Qatn Sirya Qatn Sirya Wadi UrnaSirya Wadi Urna Ghazwa Banu Nazir (Jews of Medina exiled)Ghazwa Banu Nazir (Jews of Medina exiled) Ghazwa Badr al MoidGhazwa Badr al Moid Ghazwa Zaat Al RiqahGhazwa Zaat Al Riqah Ghazwa Dumat ul JandalGhazwa Dumat ul Jandal Ghazwa Bani Mustaliq ( casualties)Ghazwa Bani Mustaliq ( casualties)

2 Religious campaigns2 Religious campaigns Bair Maona (40 Muslim preachers murdered)Bair Maona (40 Muslim preachers murdered) Rajih (2 Muslim preachers murdered)Rajih (2 Muslim preachers murdered)

72-62 bazhA :hcnerT fo elttaB72-62 bazhA :hcnerT fo elttaB

Battle of TrenchBattle of Trench

Confederation of tribesConfederation of tribes 10,000 Vs 3,00010,000 Vs 3,000 TrenchTrench

10 km in 6 days10 km in 6 days 22 wide, 16 depth22 wide, 16 depth

Role of JewsRole of Jews

Battle of Trench : 5 AHBattle of Trench : 5 AHUhud

Ayr

Medina

Quraysh, Ghatfan, Sulaim,Ashja,Marra, Saad, Asad, B.Qainuqah,B.Nazir

B.Quraiza

10 km in 22 days10 km in 22 days22 wide, 16 deep22 wide, 16 deep

Result : The Islamic State demonstrates impregnable defence.

Treason

aziaruQ unaB awzahGaziaruQ unaB awzahG )64,43,62,71 lC( anideM fo tcaP detaloiv aziaruQ.B )64,43,62,71 lC( anideM fo tcaP detaloiv aziaruQ.B 72-62 bazhA72-62 bazhA

Ahzab Fatah MeccaAhzab Fatah Mecca

Total 16 Campaigns(2 Ghazwa)4 Battles

2 against individuals1 against trade caravan

Hudaibiya : Zi Qad 6 AHHudaibiya : Zi Qad 6 AH

Muslims stopped from Umra Muslims stopped from Umra Peace pact Peace pact

Meccans recognize the Islamic State Invitation letters to Head of States Islam starts to spread

Hudaibiya : The VictoryHudaibiya : The Victory

Makkah

Mutah

Khyber

Pact of Medina Clause 20: Muslims will avenge the blood of one Pact of Medina Clause 20: Muslims will avenge the blood of one another when fighting in the path of Allahanother when fighting in the path of Allah

Jizya imposed5 attacks on Nejd

Total 15 campaigns

Prophets Military Skill Prophets Military Skill

To fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence;

supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemys resistance without fighting.

Sun Tzu

Meccans surrendered without battleMeccans surrendered without battle

The Last Ghazwa : Tabuk Raj 9 A.HThe Last Ghazwa : Tabuk Raj 9 A.H

Medina

Makkah

Tabuk

News of Romans gathering for warNews of Romans gathering for war

Prophet prepares 30,000 strong Muslim army Prophet prepares 30,000 strong Muslim army with 10,000 horsewith 10,000 horse

Romans did not turn up after 20 daysRomans did not turn up after 20 days

Result

Year of Delegations

)(

)( ) (

)(

gnorts a evah dluohs etatS milsuM gnorts a evah dluohs etatS milsuM)06:laafnA( ymra)06:laafnA( ymra

Analysis of CampaignsAnalysis of Campaigns

Total 72 CampaignsGhazwa : 27Siraya : 45

Campaigns during different PhasesCampaigns during different Phases

02468

1012141618

Hihrah-P reB adr

B adr-Uhud A /Uhud-A hz ab

A /A hz ab-Hudaibiy a

A /Hudaibiy a-F M ec c a

A /M ec c a-E nd

TotalW inLos eDraw

Analysis of Campaigns : CasualtiesAnalysis of Campaigns : Casualties

Prophets campaigns = 1200-1500 Prophets campaigns = 1200-1500

WW I = 21 millionWW I = 21 million

WW II = 50 millionWW II = 50 million

Iraq : < 1 mil (antiwar.com)Iraq : < 1 mil (antiwar.com)

Afghan (due Russian invasion) : 0.6-2 mil Afghan (due Russian invasion) : 0.6-2 mil

Campaigns : Blood ShedCampaigns : Blood Shed

Bloodshed38%

No Bloodshed62%

Cause of Muslim VictoriesCause of Muslim VictoriesLeadership based on talentLeadership based on talent

Zaid B Harisa commanded 12 SiryaZaid B Harisa commanded 12 SiryaDevotion to cause Devotion to cause Martyrdom (shahadat)Martyrdom (shahadat)Iron disciplineIron discipline

Hazrat Umar & Abu Bakr placed under Usama bin Zaid.Hazrat Umar & Abu Bakr placed under Usama bin Zaid.

Superior Military StrategySuperior Military Strategy

Qualities of a Winning Army Sun Tzu Qualities of a Winning Army Sun Tzu Which of the two Ruler carries moral authority over his subjects? Which of the two generals has most ability?

With whom lie the advantages derived from terrain & climate? On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced?

Which army is stronger?

On which side are officers and men more highly trained?

In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?

Role of Muslim WomenRole of Muslim Women Uhud : Uhud :

Umm e AmmaraUmm e Ammara Tabuk : Tabuk :

Social boycott of Sahaba Social boycott of Sahaba Hazrat Abu Bakrs exampleHazrat Abu Bakrs example

Yarmuk : Yarmuk : Muslim women avoid retreat.Muslim women avoid retreat.

Karbela :Karbela :

Spread of Islam during Prophets lifeSpread of Islam during Prophets life

10 lac Sq mile

Thank You

www.innerlightforall.com

A call towards Peace, Love & Harmony

The Islamic State of MadinaWhy this topic ?IntroductionBackgroundMuslim life in MeccaPolitical Social status of MedinaDevelopment of Islam in MedinaImportance of HejirahSlide 9Misaq e MedinaMisaq e Medina : Internal affairsMisaq e Medina : Internal AffairsPact of Medina : External AffairsMisaq e Medina: Status of JewsEnemies & Friends of MedinaInitial Expeditions : Hijrat - BadrSlide 17Battle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.HBattle of Badr : Ramzan 2 A.H Military StrategyCampaigns : Badr - UhudThe Battles : UhudSlide 23Slide 24Period between Uhud & Ahzab Muh 4 AH-Sha 5 AHBattle of Trench: Ahzab 26-27Battle of TrenchBattle of Trench : 5 AHGhazwa Banu QuraizaAhzab Fatah MeccaHudaibiya : Zi Qad 6 AHHudaibiya : The VictoryProphets Military Skill The Last Ghazwa : Tabuk Raj 9 A.HMuslim State should have a strong army (Anfaal:60)Analysis of CampaignsCampaigns during different PhasesAnalysis of Campaigns : CasualtiesCampaigns : Blood ShedCause of Muslim VictoriesQualities of a Winning Army Sun Tzu Role of Muslim WomenSpread of Islam during Prophets lifeThank You www.innerlightforall.com A call towards Peace, Love & Harmony