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Madagascar: Madagascar: the Mantadia the Mantadia Biological Corridor REDD/ AR Biological Corridor REDD/ AR
projectproject
BioCF TrainingFebruary, 8th 2008
With material from James MacKinnon. Conservation International, Madagascar
Madagascar and climate Madagascar and climate changechange
Climate change has been observed and is perceived to be a problem
Concern over the spread of diseases, drought, coral reef degradation
Biodiversity loss (high level of endemism)
Greatest source of GHG emissions is deforestation
> 75% of the population of 18 million is rural and dependent on the land and its natural resources
Drivers of Drivers of DeforestationDeforestation
Slash-and-burn agriculture (Tavy)
Charcoal production for use in towns and cities
Conversion of forest to plant maize for export as cattle feed
Legal and illegal Forestry
Legal and illegal Mining
Reducing Reducing DeforestationDeforestation
The government’s National Environmental Action Plan has successfully reduced deforestation rates:
1990-2000: 0.83% loss/year
2000-2005: 0.53% loss/year
Remaining natural forest: 10 million ha (~15% of original cover)
Protected areas have been the key to this success; currently 0.12% loss/year (i.e. 5 times lower than the national average)
Deforestation Data: CI/IRG/USAID, 2007
Commitment to increase Commitment to increase protected areasprotected areas
Presidential commitment at the World Parks Congress Durban, 2003:
Triple surface area under protection (to 6 million hectares) by 2012
New Protected Area categories that better integrate communities
Anticipated carbon revenues are key to financing these new protected areas
Mantadia Biological Corridor Mantadia Biological Corridor REDD / AR ProjectREDD / AR Project
The Mantadia corridor: Ankeniheny-Zahamena Protected
Area (425,000 hectares) - REDD
Mantadia reforestation area (3,020 hectares of habitat restoration)
Project led by MEEF, with support from CI and World Bank (EP3)
BioCF: purchases credits (CERs + REDD VERs)
MEEF (Ministry of the Environment) – carbon aggregator
Signs agreements with landholders
Mantadia corridor: a multi-benefit Mantadia corridor: a multi-benefit approachapproach
Objectives: Reduce carbon emissions,
conserve native biodiversity, enhance human welfare and restore degraded land
Conservation (REDD) and Ecological restoration (reforestation):
REDD: 425,000 hectares Reforestation: 3,020 hectares Agroforestry, fuelwood gardens
Government led and coordinated project with a large alliance of partners (CI, WB, USAID, ANAE, etc.)
Restoration of unique Restoration of unique threatened habitatthreatened habitat
7 local associations running tree nurseries and planting
500,000 seedlings of > 100 native species
45 hectares (of 3,020 ha) have been planted on government owned land
Land tenure rights will be clarified for communities in the region
Pale green: restoration areaDark green: Existing forestRed line: Protected Area boundariesYellow line: Project Area boundaries
Addressing leakage: Addressing leakage: Sustainable LivelihoodsSustainable Livelihoods
Improved use of fallow land (Savoka gardens)
Intensification of agricultural practices to reduce slash and burn
Agroforestry techniques and fruit gardens (1,261 hectares)
Woodlots (660 hectares)
Support to land tenure regularization
Links to ecotourism activities in the same area
These activities provide both immediate and long term benefits
REDD through protected area REDD through protected area creationcreation
Establishment of a new 425,000 ha protected area (site de conservation)
Multiple use protected area: Core protected zone (80,000 ha)
Community use zone
Co-managed by the Forestry Department in conjunction with local authorities and local communities
The area was granted temporary protection from forestry and mining in Dec. 2005
Project to start adoption of WB REDD Methodology
Emissions Reductions & Emissions Reductions & financing financing
Habitat restoration/ reforestation is expected to produce 800,000 tCO2e of Emissions Reductions
Contract (ERPA) between the government and the World Bank’s Bio Carbon Fund for 200,000 CERs from restoration
REDD: projected to produce over 10 million tCO2e over 30 years
Contract (ERPA) is currently under discussion for VERs from the REDD component. BioCF to purchase 600,000 tCO2e
REDD VERs proceeds to fund a National Environmental Trust Fund, financing:
Community-based conservation initiatives;
Site management; Long-term financial sustainability
for PA management
REDD VERs estimatesREDD VERs estimates Deforestation in the 80,000 of core area:
1990: 71,000 ha. forest cover / 2000: 61,000 ha. forest cover
Loss of 13,4 %. 1.4% annual deforestation. However:
0.07 in Protected Areas & 1.96% in Classified Forests and Private Land
(Data from Mark Steiniger et al. (2004))
REDD ERs estimates BAU: deforestation of 1.67%
Project scenario: deforestation rate of 0.07 to be gradually achieved in 30 years. Deforestation reduction starts at year 7, when agroforestry and fuelwood gardens mature
ha tC/ha
Project year YearBaseline (without-
project) area deforestedWith-project
area deforestedBaseline: ½ savoka
meanWith-project: mature
forest
6 2012 14638 669 10.2 148.5
14 2020 22877 1113 10.2 148.5
30 2036 36670 1991 10.2 148.5
REDD VER estimates:Up to and including 2012: 3,541,317 tCO2eUp to a period of 14 years (2020): 5,517,556 tCO2eOver the 30-year specified project life (2036): 8,715,319 tCO2e
Challenges for habitat Challenges for habitat restorationrestoration
Research and development of appropriate restoration techniques
Training of local associations in nursery and planting techniques
Land tenure (title needs to be clear). Different kinds of land tenure
Funding (investment costs)
Coordination of logistics, administration and amongst multiple stakeholders
Challenges for REDD Challenges for REDD projectsprojects
Start-up costs
Classic protected areas issues: Finding appropriate alternatives
Ensuring community benefits and involvement in the management of natural resources
Monitoring of deforestation: Availability of land cover data
Expense of monitoring
Capacity to monitor
Project x National Approach How to account for a REDD project in
a national REDD strategy
