Macromolecules Review

Carbohydrates

• Monomer-– Monosaccharide

• Polymer- – Polysaccharide

• Functions-– Energy Storage and Release– Cell Structure

Carbohydrate Structure

• Monosaccharides• Polysaccharides

• (Disaccharides)

Nucleic Acids

• Monomer- – Nucleotide

• Polymer- – DNA and RNA

• Functions-– Carries the genetic code

DNA Structure

• Double Helix

Proteins

• Monomer- –amino acids

• Polymer- –Polypeptides

• Functions-– Enzymes-speed up chemical reactions–Structural – in muscles, etc

Enzyme Image

Enzyme

Substrate

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Enzyme Products

Active Site

Proteins have 4 Levels of Structure

1. Primary Structurea. A chain of amino acids

1. Bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds

2. This chain is called a polypeptide chain

4 Levels of Structure (cont.)

2. Secondary Structurea. Arrangement of polypeptide chains into

different formations1. Alpha helix: Coil or corkscrew formation2. Beta Pleated Sheet: Pleats or folds3. Random Coils

4 Levels of Structure (cont.)

3. Tertiary Structurea. 3-D folding of secondary structuresb. Two secondary structures bonded

togetherc. At this stage it is a functional protein

4 Levels of Structure (cont.)

4. Quaternary Structurea. Tertiary proteins bond with each other, so

you have a group of proteins bonded together

b. Example: Hemoglobin

Monomers Polymers

a. Monomers are bonded together through the process of…..• Dehydration Synthesis

b. Polymers break up through process of…• Hydrolysis

D B

C

A

Lets review our cut outs…

Label the following as referring to a Protein (P), Nucleic Acid (N), Carb ©

4. Starch5. Amino Acid6. DNA7. Energy

Storage8. Enzyme9. Glucose10. Double Helix

11. Alpha Helix12. Peptide bond13. Monosac-

charide14. Has an “R”

Group

1.

2.

3.

Answers

1. NA2. C3. NA

4. C5. P6. NA7. C8. P9. C

10.NA11.P12.P13.C14.P