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ethan-burke
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Macromolecules
Organic Chemistry
Isomers
S = Difference in covalent bonds
G = Difference in arrangement around double bond
E = Different in spatial arrangement
Pharmacological Enantiomers
Awakenings
Thalidomide
Chemical Groups
Functional Groups
Monomers and Polymers
Monomers to Polymers (build larger molecules) – Dehydration synthesis
Polymers to Monomers (break down molecules) - Hydrolysis
Monomers and Polymers
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
Simple Sugars
Monosaccharaides – One subunit
Ex. Glucose, Fructose
Disaccharides – two subunits
Ex. Maltose, Sucrose
Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (Storage)
Starch - Plants Glycogen - Animals
Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (Structure)
Cellulose - Plants Chitin - Animals
Buyer’s Beware
Why can’t we eat grass?
Lipids
TriglyceridesGlycerol
Three fatty acids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Partially Hydrogenated Fats (Trans)
Phospholipids
Steroids
Cholesterol
Testosterone
Estrogen
Anabolic Steroids
Lipid Functions
Energy storage
Cushions internal organs
Insulation
Membrane Structure
Water storage
Toxic storage
Chemical Messengers
Proteins
Peptide Bonds
Primary Structure
Straight Chain
Peptide Bonds
Secondary Structure
Hydrogen Bonds
Alpha Helix, Beta Pleats, Random Coils
Tertiary Structure
All Bonds
Usually Globular
Quaternary Structure
Two or more subunits together
All bonds
Hemoglobin
Protein Functions
Structure
Storage
Transport
Coordination of body activities (Hormones)
Communication
Contractile (Movement)
Protection
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Made up of nucleotides
Pentose Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group
Ex. DNA, RNA, ATP
Nucleic Acids Functions
Genetic Information
Energy Movement