Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic
Acids )
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Bell work This should be completed silently: Write down 5
things you ate in the last 24 hours. If you dont remember or didnt
eat, write down 5 things you would typically eat in a 24 time
period. Classify them as a sugar, protein, or fat
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Diet analysis Fruit vegetables Grains Protein Dairy- (Lipids
Sugars)
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Lab- Testing for Macromolecules Lab Safety Goggles must worn
Clean up of your area Glassware, well dishes, trash and countertop
Follow along as I demo lab set up on the board.
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Frayer Model note taking Definition/Functions Monomer and
Polymer Examples Pictures
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Carbohydrates Definition: molecules composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.
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Carbohydrates Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule (
Monosaccharide ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of
many monomers bonded together ( Polysaccharide )
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Carbohydrates Function: Broken down to provide a source of
usable chemical energy for cells: Starch: made and stored by plants
Glycogen: made and stored by animals
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Carbohydrates Function: Major part of plant cell structure:
Cellulose: makes up the cell wall that is the tough outer covering
of plant cells
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Carbohydrates Structure ( glucose ):
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Carbohydrates Structure ( Sucrose ):
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Carbohydrates Structure ( Starch ):
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Carbohydrates Structure ( Glycogen ):
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Carbohydrates Structure ( Cellulose ):
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Carbohydrates Examples?
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Think-Pair-Share Why are carbohydrates important to your diet?
Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When I tell
you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share- When I
ask raise your hand to share with the class
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Lipids Definition: nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils,
and cholesterol. Most lipids contain chains of carbon atoms bonded
to oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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Lipids Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Fatty
acids ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many
monomers bonded together ( Lipid )
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Lipids Function: Broken down as a source of usable energy for
cells Fats ( animals ) and Oils ( plants ) ( Two familiar types of
lipids )
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Lipids Function: Part of a cells structure: Phospholipid:
consists of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Cholestrol: a lipid that has a ring structure.
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Lipids Function: Body uses it ( Cholestrol ) to make chemicals
called steroid hormones. Functions of Cholesterol-based steroids:
-Regulate bodys response to stress -Control sexual development and
the reproductive system ( testosterone and estrogen )
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Lipids Structure ( Triglyceride has three fatty acids and a
molecule of glycerol, but no phosphate group ):
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Lipids Structure ( Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids
):
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Lipids Structure ( Phospholipid ):
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Lipids Structure ( Cholestrol ):
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Lipids Examples?
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Think- Pair- Share Why are lipids important to your dietary
needs? Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When
I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share-
When I ask raise your hand to share with the class
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Proteins Proteins are basic molecular building blocks of cells
and all parts of animals. Proteins are among the largest organic
molecules.
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Proteins Monomer Amino acids Polymer Proteins What do they do
Enzymes Structural support Storage Transport Hormones Receptors
Motor/contractile
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What is a Protein There are 20 total different amino acids.
Amino acids have carboxyl and amino groupsthe R group/side chain
differs and determines the amino acids properties.
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Enzymes Only certain parts of a protein are chemically active.
The shape of a protein determines which active sites are
exposed.
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Proteins Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called
amino acids. Your cells combine different amino acids in various
ways to make new and different proteins.
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Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are compounds made of long,
repeating chains called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains: a
sugar molecule a phosphate molecule, and a base molecule.
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Two Types of Nucleic Acids DNA Sugar Deoxyribose RNA Sugar
Ribose
Slide 35
DNA and nucleic acids DNA is a nucleic acid. A DNA molecule is
put together like a twisted ladder. This model shows a short piece
of the flattened DNA ladder. A DNA molecule is usually twisted and
much longer.
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DNA Each side of the ladder is made of: 5-carbon sugars called
deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
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DNA There are four nitrogen bases in two matched pairs.