MacromoleculesWho are they?

MacromoleculesCarbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids

MacromoleculesWhy we study these four

Make up the most common biological molecules

While relatively simple, perform most of the complex functions in cells

Universally found in all biological systems

Macromolecules:What you need to know!

1.Structure of the basic unit (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

2.How they react to form larger molecules

3.How the larger molecules are broken down into basic units

4.Functions of the molecules in living organisms

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Also known as saccharides

Saccharides are used for:

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides - Must know these!

Monosaccharides

•Can be found in ring or linear form

Isomers of Carbon

a-glucose

b-glucose

Linear vs. Ringed Saccharides:Be able to draw the reaction that leads to α-fructose and β-fructose.

Disaccharides

Saccharide ReactionsMonosaccharides can combine in

_______________ reactions to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Which two functional groups participate in this reaction?

What small molecule is created in this process?

Saccharide ReactionsGlycosidic bond.

Glycosidic bonds are named according to the C atoms participating in the reaction.

Draw a glycosidic bound between a glucose and fructose molecule.

Glucose Isomers

DisaccharidesName the two molecules involved and the type

of bond.

Disaccharides: Name the two molecules involved and the type

of bond.

DisaccharidesName the two molecules involved and the type

of bond.

Polysaccharides

Major Biological Molecules1. Glycogen

2. Starch1. amylose2. amylopectin

3. Cellulose

4. Chitin

Glycogen

Molecules involved?

Types of bonds?

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

Chitin

Chitin