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C U R A T O R I A L R E P O R T N U M B E R 1 0 1
Macrolichens of Nova Scotia: a provisional checklist by Frances Anderson
Nova Scotia Museum Nova Scotia Department of Communities, Culture and Heritage
Page 2
CURATORIAL REPORTS
The Reports of the Nova Scotia Museum make technical information on museum collections, programs, procedures, and research accessible to interested readers.
This report contains the preliminary results of an on-going research program of the Museum. It may be cited in publications but its manuscript status should be noted.
_________________________________________________________________
Β© Crown Copyright 2014 Province of Nova Scotia Information in this report has been provided with the intent that it be readily available for research, personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission so long as credit is given to the Nova Scotia Museum.
ISBN# 978-1-55457-552-7
The correct citation for this publication is:
Anderson, F., 2014, Macrolichens of Nova Scotia: a provisional checklist, Curatorial Report Number 101, Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax
Cover Image - Photo of Ramalina americana Hale by Catherine Pross
Page 3
Table of Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 4
Background .......................................................................................................................... 4
Checklist Organization ......................................................................................................... 5
β’ Herbaria consulted ........................................................................................................ 6
β Personal collections ...................................................................................................... 6
Geography ............................................................................................................................ 7
Regions ................................................................................................................................. 9
Fundy Shore: Yarmouth, Digby counties ......................................................................... 9
Fundy Shore/ Valley: Annapolis, Kings, Hants counties ................................................ 16
South Shore: Shelburne, Queens, Lunenburg counties ................................................ 24
Eastern Shore/ Halifax: Halifax, Guysborough counties ................................................ 32
Northern: Cumberland, Colchester, Pictou, Antigonish counties ................................. 39
Cape Breton Island: Inverness, Victoria, Cape Breton, Richmond counties .................. 46
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 52
References ......................................................................................................................... 53
Nova Scotia Macrolichen Checklist .................................................................................... 56
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Abstract A provisional checklist of 341 macrolichen species in 85 genera collected in Nova Scotiaβs eighteen counties contains records of specimens examined by the author from ten institutional herbaria and ten personal collections. Regional lists and a comprehensive province-wide list are included. Herbarium collections are indicated by a solid circle, personal collections by an empty circle.
Background Lichen collecting in Nova Scotia began with Archibald Menzies in the late 1700s (Goward et al. 1998), but is best known in the literature from Alexander MacKay (1881) who collected in Pictou County on the north shore of the province (specimens at NSPM), John Macoun (1902) who collected mainly in Cape Breton and on Sable Island (collections at CANL, H and elsewhere) and Ivan Mackenzie Lamb (1954) who also focused on Cape Breton (collections at CANL). Occasional collections were made by visiting botanists from Harvard in the early 20th century, particularly in Cape Breton. Many of their collected specimens are at Harvardβs Farlow Herbarium. John Erskine, who was primarily a botanist and high school principal, collected lichens sporadically from the early to mid-1950s while he was working on contract for the Nova Scotia Museum, where most of his specimens are housed. He contributed an article on lichens to the Journal of Education (1976). Since the 1950s, most published reports on lichens in Nova Scotia have focused on specific locations such as national parks (Roland 1980, Selva 2004, McMullin 2009, 2012, etc.), Sable Island (Richardson et al. 2011), or have included Nova Scotia locations as one of many in treatments of particular genera (Arup 1994, Thomson 1967, TΓΈnsberg 1993, Selva & Tibell 1999) or in species range maps (Thomson 1994, Brodo 2001). In the 1980's Wolfgang Maass began his extensive lichen investigations (collections at NBM). Maass published articles on macrolichen species hitherto unreported from Nova Scotia, Cavernularia hultenii (1981), Erioderma pedicellatum (1983, 2002), Moelleropsis (1986) and Pannaria lurida (1986). Until the mid-1980s and with the exception of Maass, most collections from Nova Scotia came from Cape Breton, Sable Island, national parks or the areas immediately adjacent to universities in Halifax and Wolfville in the Annapolis Valley. The macrolichen species collected were unsurprising and represented mostly common Cladonia species and common epiphytes. Since then, collection locations have broadened to encompass a wider range of habitats and geographic areas in the province. Two Tuckerman Workshops for lichenologists added to the list: 1999 in southwestern Nova Scotia and 2004 in Parrsboro on the Fundy coast. In recent years, environmental assessments prior to changes in the landscape, air quality monitoring through lichen plots and a renewed interest in the provinceβs biota have
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produced lichen records from previously unexplored areas (Cameron 2002, Cameron & Richardson 2006, Cameron et al. 2009). These have yielded records not previously reported from Nova Scotia that have expanded the North American distribution information for some species (Neily & Anderson 2010, Anderson & Neily 2012). In fact, deliberate collecting has contributed greatly to the information recorded in this checklist. The distribution and variety of lichen species are not as narrow and limited as the historical picture suggested.
Checklist Organization
This macrolichen checklist contains records of Nova Scotia lichens that I have personally examined from ten institutional herbaria* and ten private collections** in northeastern North America. It does not include records in literature unless these are based on cited specimens that I have been able to locate and examine. This possibly controversial approach is not meant to cast doubt on the veracity of published records or range maps. However, the inclusion of such records without examination of voucher material would have created a different kind of checklist. The resulting list is a preliminary outline of the provinceβs macrolichen biota rather than a comprehensive flora. In the course of preparing the list, I discovered some records that were based on incorrectly identified specimens. A further benefit of examining all the specimens on which the list is based is the inclusion of βby-catchβ β finding additional species in the packets not listed on the packet or in the herbarium records.
The choice of which species to include as macrolichens (rather than crustose) follows Hinds and Hinds (2007). Nomenclature follows Esslinger (2012). The checklist is arranged alphabetically by macrolichen genus and species in spreadsheet format. Institutional herbarium records are indicated by a solid circle; personal herbarium records are empty circles. The list of herbaria and personal collections consulted follows this section (P6). The herbarium list is repeated in the comprehensive spreadsheet at the end of the document.
Nova Scotiaβs eighteen counties have been grouped into regions: Fundy Shore, Fundy Shore/Valley, South Shore, Eastern Shore/Halifax, Northern, and Cape Breton Island. A short description of each regionβs topography, settlement patterns and climate is followed by a list of the macrolichen species collected from the area. The regional lists are for practical use by those collecting in a particular area or by those who want to see at a glance what is already known from the region.
Major islands where collections have originated are grouped with their counties. Sable Island is grouped with Halifax. Despite Brier Islandβs popularity for tourists and fame among bird watchers, only one of the examined collections held a few specimens from there; it is grouped with Digby County. Seal Island (Yarmouth County), off the southern coast, is also popular with birdwatchers. Several specimens are in the Nova Scotia Museum collection. Uninhabited St. Paul Island, off the northeast tip of Cape Breton, is grouped with Victoria County; Scatarie Island with Cape Breton County; Isle Haute with Cumberland County.
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The comprehensive spreadsheet at the end (P 56) includes 341 macrolichen species arranged alphabetically by genus and species, species authorities, counties arranged alphabetically and a reference specimen for each species which is cited in the last column. The spreadsheet is available in a separate downloadable file called Nova Scotia Macrolichen Checklist 2014. A spreadsheet that allows the reader to highlight an entry across all locations is available from the author by contacting [email protected]. In the reference column, herbarium numbers ending with P are from the Nova Scotia Museum. Other institutional herbarium codes appear in parentheses. Reference specimens from personal collections have no parentheses. Details on numbers of specimens recorded per county or the herbaria/collections where specimens are located are available from the author at [email protected]. Those details are not included for simplicity of viewing and because in many cases, specimen packets contained other species for which there were no county records, but also no listing on the packet. Those specimens might not appear in herbarium databases.
As with any checklist, the end result is a primarily a picture of where the collecting has been done and is necessarily a work in progress. Any errors are entirely the responsibility of the author.
β’ Herbaria consulted
ACAD (E.C. Smith Herbarium, Acadia University, NS) CANL (Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium) CBU (Cape Breton University, NS) DAL (Dalhousie University, NS) FH (Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University) NBM (New Brunswick Museum) NDSU (North Dakota State University) NSPM (Nova Scotia Museum) NY (New York Botanical Garden) STFU (St. Francis Xavier University, NS)
β Personal collections
F. Anderson Sean Basquill Rob Cameron Harold Clapp Jim Hinds Elisabeth Lay Wolfgang Maass Tom Neily A.J. Roland (Kejimkujik National Park) Mark Seaward
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Geography Nova Scotia juts into the North Atlantic from the northeastern corner of the North American continent. Stretching on a southwest/northeast axis from 43Β°22βN, 66Β°23βW to 47Β°1βN 59Β°40βW, it is attached to the mainland by a narrow marshy lowland of approximately 11 x 25 kilometers, and is nearly surrounded by salt water. The salt water ranges from the shallow and therefore summer-warm Northumberland Strait (20β68 m deep; up to 20ΛC), through the North Atlantic which is influenced by the cold Labrador current and the Gulf Stream. It includes the deep, cold waters of the Bay of Fundy (to 200 m deep; up to 12ΛC in summer), home to some of the highest tides in the world. The dominant climatic influences are continental, resulting from prevailing winds that sweep from the west and southwest; however, the ocean moderates temperature extremes (Davis & Browne 1996). All but two of the provinceβs eighteen counties have a substantial coastal border; the exceptions have two coasts. Nova Scotiaβs 55,000 km2 encompass climatic and vegetation zones ranging from boreal (Cape Breton) through temperate (eastern sector), oceanic and maritime (Brodo 2001). Not surprisingly, the lichen flora of the province is richly varied. Since the province is not more than 130 km wide at any point, maritime fog is a major component of the climate on all coasts except most of the Northumberland Strait. Seasonal extremes are moderated by the presence of salt water to a range of mean annual temperatures of less than 5ΛC in northern Cape Breton to 7-7.5ΛC (Davis & Browne 1996; Clayden 2010; Clayden et al. 2011). Temperature ranges are narrow compared to continental regions. Humidity is generally high and rainfall is generally between 1000 - 1400mm (Davis & Browne 1996; Clayden et al. 2011), though it is up to 1600 mm in the Highlands of Cape Breton. With less than a million people in the 2011 census, Nova Scotia is sparsely populated by eastern North American standards. The coasts remain the most settled. Except for the corridor from Halifax north to Truro along the provinceβs main highway, the interior of the province is less developed and is open to resource extraction. Small farms and landholdings became the norm after the arrival of European settlers in the 1700βs. Industrial development in the late 19th and early 20th century shifted the pattern of landholding and development. In the last century, resource extraction through mining and clearcut forest harvesting have had a greater impact on the landscape than its long history of habitation or its short history of industrial development. Gradients of temperature, moisture and topography found in Nova Scotia create a patchwork of ecological conditions (Clayden 2011). Therefore, the present checklist locations are grouped by counties into regions, west to east, that share general climatological /geographical features. Though many features overlap, county boundaries being political rather than geographical in nature, these regions share many similar
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habitats and often blend together on the ground. Grouping them by region may help to illuminate species distribution patterns. The descriptions of the regions that follow are necessarily brief and general. Except where noted, they are based primarily on information compiled from Davis & Browneβs Natural History of Nova Scotia (1996) as well as from on-the-ground observations.
Page 9
Regions
Fundy Shore: Yarmouth, Digby counties
Characterised by a deeply indented, low, rocky coastline on the Atlantic, the coast smoothes out to include sandy beaches, dune systems and rocky cliffs as it rounds the western tip of the province. Tidal marshes, barachois ponds, and intertidal mud flats extend along the coast, which is somewhat sheltered from the Bay of Fundy by the long, narrow (generally less than 4 kilometers wide) basalt ridge that is Digby Neck. Brier Island, at the end of Digby Neck, is a famous bird migration hot-spot (Mills 2011). In these counties, low, rolling terrain with poor drainage is riddled with lakes linked by small meandering rivers and streams with low pH, rising toward the interior to an elevation of over 125 m in the granite barrens where county boundaries meet. Swamps, swales and bogs abound (Davis & Browne 1996). Habitation since the mid-1770s has resulted in high disturbance. A provincially rare eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) swamp occurs some 12 kilometers inland from the Bay of Fundy in Digby County. Atlantic Coastal Plain vascular plant flora is concentrated on lakeshores, meadows and bogs in Yarmouth County (Crowley et al. 2011).
Page 10
Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
Alectoria sarmentosa ββ β β
Anaptychia palmulata β
Anzia colpodes ββ
Arctoparmelia centrifuga ββ
β
incurva ββ Baeomyces
rufus
β Bryoria
capillaris β furcellata ββ
β fuscescens β
trichodes ssp americana β
β trichodes ssp trichodes βββ
β β
Cetraria aculeata
β Cetrelia
chicitae ββ
β olivetorum ββ
ββ
Cladonia arbuscula ββ
β
arbuscula ssp.mitis β boryi βββ
β caespiticia ββ
β
cariosa β cenotea ββ chlorophaea ββ
β coniocraea β
crispata ββββ
β cristatella β
β
digitata β farinacea β
β fimbriata ββ
furcata ββ
βββ gracilis ssp gracilis β
gracilis ssp turbinata β
β grayi β
incrassata β labradorica ββ macilenta var. bacillaris
β
maxima βββ
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Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
multiformis ββ
ββββ ochrochlora βββ
β
oricola β parasitica
β
pleurota
β rangiferina ββ
β
rei β scabriuscula ββ
ββββ squamosa β
β
stellaris β strepsilis β
β terrae-novae ββββ
ββ
turgida ββ
β uncialis ββ
βββ
verticillata ββ Coccocarpia
palmicola β
ββ Collema
furfuraceum
β nigrescens
β
subflaccidum ββββ
β Degelia
plumbea ββ
β Dermatocarpon
luridum β Dibaeis
baeomyces ββ
β Erioderma
mollissimum β
β Evernia
mesomorpha ββββ
ββ Everniastrum
catawbiense
β Flavoparmelia
caperata ββ
ββ Fuscopannaria
ahlneri β
β leucosticta
β
Heterodermia leucomela
β neglecta β
ββ
speciosa β squamulosa β
β
Page 12
Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
Hypogymnia incurvoides β
ββ
krogiae
β physodes ββ
ββββ
tubulosa β
ββ Hypotrachyna
afrorevoluta
β revoluta
β
Imshaugia aleurites β
ββ
placarodia β
β Lasallia
papulosa ββ
β Leptogium
corticola
βββ cyanescens βββ
β
hibernicum
β laceroides ββ
ββββ
millegranum ββ subtile β
β tenuissimum β
Lobaria pulmonaria βββ
ββββ
quercizans ββββ
ββ scrobiculata ββ
ββ
Melanelia panniformis
β Melanelixia
subaurifera ββ
ββ Menegazzia
subsimilis β
β terebrata ββββ
ββ
Moelleropsis nebulosa ssp. frullaniae
βββ Nephroma
helveticum ββ
ββ laevigatum ββ
ββ
resupinatum β Normandina
pulchella ββ Pannaria
conoplea βββ
βββ rubiginosa β
β
Page 13
Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
Parmelia saxatilis β
ββ
squarrosa ββββ
ββ sulcata ββ
β
Parmeliella parvula
β triptophylla β
β
Parmelinopsis horrescens ββ
minarum β Parmeliopsis
capitata
β Parmotrema
crinitum βββ
βββ perlatum βββ
ββ
Peltigera aphthosa ββ
β
canina ββ
ββ collina
β
didactyla
β evansiana β
horizontalis β β hymenina β
leucophlebia
β membranacea ββ
polydactylon βββ
β rufescens β
Phaeophyscia rubropulchra β
β
Physcia adscendens β
β
caesia ββ
β millegrana β
stellaris
ββ tenella ββ β
Physconia detersa β
Platismatia glauca βββ
ββ
tuckermanii β
β Pseudocyphellaria
perpetua βββ
ββ Punctelia
appalachensis β
βββ rudecta βββ
βββ
Page 14
Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
Pycnothelia papillaria ββ
β
Pyxine sorediata β
β
Ramalina americana β
dilacerata ββ
β farinacea
ββ β
intermedia βββ β β obtusata
roesleri ββββ β ββ thrausta β
β
Sphaerophorus fragilis β
globosus β
β Stereocaulon
dactyllophyllum ββ
β β glaucescens ββ
grande paschale ββ
β
pileatum β
β subcoralloides β
Sticta fuliginosa βββ
ββ
Tuckermanopsis americana ββ
β
orbata β
β sepincola β
Umbilicaria americana β
mammulata
β muehlenbergii β
β
Usnea ceratina β
cornuta ββ
ββ filipendula β
β
flavocardia
β fragilescens var. mollis
β
fulvoreagens β β longissima
β
merrillii βββ
ββ rubicunda
β
schadenbergiana ββ
βββ silesiaca ββ
Page 15
Fundy Shore
Macrolichen species Yarmouth Seal Isl. Digby Brier Isl.
strigosa βββ
ββ subfloridana β
β
subscabrosa β
β trichodea β
βββββ
Xanthoparmelia conspersa βββ
β
cumberlandia β plittii β viriduloumbrina
β
Xanthoria parietina βββ
βββ β
polycarpa β
β
Page 16
Fundy Shore/ Valley: Annapolis, Kings, Hants counties
The granite ridge running up the βspineβ of the western end of the province forms the southern boundary of these three counties. Rivers flow north off the interior higher elevation which is mostly mixed hardwoods, down into the fertile lowland of the Annapolis Valley where farming dominates. Erratics are common along the granite ridge. The Valley runs northeast/southwest between the forested and farmed basalt ridge of the North Mountain along the Bay of Fundy and the inland granite uplands of the South Mountain. Cold and fog from the Bay of Fundy are mostly blocked from the Valley by the North Mountain which drops steeply to the water, allowing some of the hottest temperatures in the province to occur in the Valley. The farmed rolling hills of Hants County contain significant gypsum-anhydrite deposits with former quarry sites and karst topography rich in calciphiles. Its slow-moving rivers have extensive floodplains and muddy tidal marshes.
Page 17
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Ahtiana aurescens
ββ
Alectoria sarmentosa β
β
Anaptychia palmulata β
Anzia colpodes βββ β β
Arctoparmelia centrifuga β ββ
Bryoria capillaris
β furcellata β β βββ
nadvornikiana β trichodes ssp americana β trichodes ssp trichodes β
β
Cetraria arenaria
ββ Cetrelia
chicitae
βββ β
olivetorum
βββ Cladonia
albonigra
β arbuscula β ββββ β
boryi
ββ β
caespiticia
β cariosa
β β
cenotea
βββ β
chlorophaea
β β
coniocraea
β β
cornuta ssp. cornuta
β crispata β βββ cristatella ββ ββ ββ
digitata
β
farinacea
β fimbriata
β β
furcata ββ β gracilis ssp gracilis
β
gracilis ssp turbinata
ββ β
grayi β macilenta var. bacillaris
β
mateocyatha
β ββ
maxima β β β
multiformis β βββ ββ
Page 18
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
norvegica ochrochlora β ββ
oricola
β parasitica
β
phyllophora
β pleurota β β β
pyxidata
ββ β
ramulosa
β rangiferina β βββ ββ
rappii rei
β ββ
scabriuscula β ββ squamosa ββ β ?β
stellaris
βββ ββ
strepsilis
ββ
subulata
β terrae-novae β
turgida ββ β ββ
uncialis β β β
verticillata
β Coccocarpia
palmicola
β
Collema bachmanianum
β
crispum
β
furfuraceum
β β
leptaleum β nigrescens
ββ
occultatum β subflaccidum ββββ ββββ
tenax
ββ
Degelia plumbea β β
Dendriscocaulon intricatulum ββ
Dermatocarpon luridum ββ ββ
Dibaeis baeomyces β ββ
Ephebe hispidula β
lanata βββ
β
Evernia mesomorpha
ββ β
prunastri
ββββ
Page 19
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Flavoparmelia caperata β ββ β
Fuscopannaria ahlneri β
praetermissa
ββ
saubinetii
ββ
sorediata
β
Heterodermia neglecta β
speciosa ββ β squamulosa ββ ββ Hypogymnia
incurvoides
β β
krogiae β β β
physodes β ββββ tubulosa ββ ββ β
Imshaugia aleurites
β
Lasallia papulosa β ββ
Leptogium corticola β
ββ
cyanescens βββββ βββ βββββ
dactylinum ββ hirsutum
β
laceroides ββ
β
lichenoides
ββ
millegranum
β
saturninum ββ
ββ
schraderi
ββ
subtile β β ββ
tenuissimum
ββ
teretiusculum β
ββ
Lobaria pulmonaria β ββββ βββ
quercizans β ββββ ββ
scrobiculata β ββ ββ
Melanelia disjuncta
β
panniformis β
β
sorediata β
β
stygia
ββ Melanelixia
fuliginosa β β subaurifera β βββ β
Page 20
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Menegazzia subsimilis
β
Myelochroa aurulenta
β galbina
β βββ
Nephroma helveticum ββ
laevigatum ββ β ββ
parile ββββ β β
resupinatum β Normandina
pulchella ββ β β
Pannaria conoplea ββ
lurida s.l. β rubiginosa ββ
β
Parmelia saxatilis ββ β
squarrosa ββ βββ β
sulcata β β Parmeliella
triptophylla βββ β β
Parmelinopsis minarum β
Parmeliopsis capitata β
Parmotrema crinitum βββ ββ
perlatum ββ β reticulatum β β Peltigera
aphthosa βββ βββ canina
β
didactyla
β elisabethae ββ
ββ
evansiana βββ ββ β
horizontalis βββ β β
lepidophora
ββ
leucophlebia β ββ ββ
membranacea ββ
β
neopolydactyla ββ ββ occidentalis
polydactylon
ββββ ββ
praetextata ββ β rufescens
β β
Page 21
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Phaeophyscia adiastola β
rubropulchra β ββ β
Phylliscum demangeoni
β
Physcia adscendens
ββ β
aipolia β dubia
β
millegrana
βββ phaea
β
stellaris β βββ ββ
Physconia grumosa β
β
Placynthium flabellosum βββ
nigrum
β
Platismatia glauca
βββ tuckermanii β βββ ββ
Polychidium muscicola β
Protopannaria pezizoides β
β
Pseudocyphellaria perpetua β β β
Psorula rufonigra β
Punctelia appalachensis β βββ ββ
rudecta ββ ββ ββ
Pycnothelia papillaria
ββ ββ
Pyxine sorediata β ββ
Racodium rupestre ββ ββ
Ramalina americana ββ β ββ
dilacerata
β βββ
farinacea
βββ βββ
intermedia β β roesleri β
Santessionella crossophylla
β
Page 22
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Solorina saccata
ββ
Sphaerophorus globosus β β ββ
Spilonema revertens ββ
Stereocaulon dactyllophyllum ββ ββ β
glaucescens
β intermedium
β
paschale β pileatum
β
saxatile
β tomentosum
β
Sticta fuliginosa
ββ limbata
ββ
Tuckermanopsis americana β ββ β
ciliaris
ββ orbata
β
Umbilicaria deusta
β mammulata βββ β muehlenbergii βββ ββ ββ
polyphylla
β Usnocetraria
oakesiana β
β
Usnea cavernosa
ββ β
filipendula β ββββ fulvoreagens β β β
longissima β βββ β
macaronesica mutabilis β
β
silesiaca
β
strigosa ββ βββ subfloridana β ββ β
subscabrosa
β
trichodea β Vahliella
leucophaea βββ Vulpicida
pinastri β
Page 23
Fundy Shore/Valley
Macrolichen species Annapolis Kings Hants
Xanthoparmelia conspersa
ββ cumberlandia β ββ ββ
Xanthoria parietina
ββ β
polycarpa
ββ
Page 24
South Shore: Shelburne, Queens, Lunenburg counties
The granite ridge that runs up the βspineβ forms the northern boundaries of these counties. Drumlins covering mostly slate slope down to the Atlantic coast. At the southern end, Shelburne Countyβs terrain is low and hummocky, with black spruce bogs and mixed conifer/hardwood swamps. Swampy areas often lie between the moderately rich soil of the drumlins of Queens and Lunenburg counties. The northeastern portion of Lunenburg County becomes forested granite uplands with shallow soil, exposed rock and erratics. Several long rivers run slightly southeast to the sea. Significant Atlantic Coastal Plain flora is also found in these counties (Crowley et al. 2011). The coastal conifer fog forest along the Atlantic slope includes a multitude of sheltered, low-lying, poorly drained sites that are extremely high in humidity. The entire windy coastline is deeply indented, with small islands, occasional high headlands and extended white sandy beaches.
Page 25
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
Ahtiana aurescens
βββ
Alectoria sarmentosa β β βββ
Anaptychia palmulata β ββββ ββ
Anzia colpodes ββ ββββ ββ
Arctoparmelia centrifuga
ββ βββ
incurva β β Baeomyces
rufus
β β
Bryoria capillaris
β furcellata βββ β ββ
fuscescens β nadvornikiana
ββ
trichodes ssp americana β β trichodes ssp trichodes β ββ βββ
Cetraria aculeata βββ
β
arenaria ββ
β
Cetrelia chicitae β βββ βββ
olivetorum β ββ ββ
Cladonia albonigra
β
arbuscula ββββ βββ βββ
arbuscula ssp.mitis ββ β β
boryi
ββ ββββ
caespiticia ββ β cenotea ββ β chlorophaea βββ βββ ββ
coniocraea β
β
cornuta ssp. cornuta
β crispata βββββ β cristatella β βββββ ββ
deformis
ββ
dimorphoclada
β farinacea
β β
fimbriata β β floerkeana ββ
furcata β ββββ β
gracilis ssp gracilis βββ gracilis ssp turbinata βββββ ββ β
Page 26
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
grayi
ββ incrassata β ββ labradorica β
macilenta var. bacillaris ββββ β ββ
maxima
βββ β
multiformis ββββ ββ ββ
norvegica
β ochrochlora βββ ββ oricola
β
parasitica
β pleurota β β β
pyxidata β β ββ
ramulosa
β rangiferina ββ βββ ββ
rappii β β rei ββ β ββ
scabriuscula β β ββ
squamosa ββ βββ β
stellaris β ββ βββ
strepsilis ββ β ββ
subtenuis ββ terrae-novae βββ ββ
turgida
ββ
uncialis β ββ ββββ
verticillata ββ βββ ββ
Coccocarpia palmicola ββ β βββ
Collema furfuraceum ββ βββ βββ
leptaleum
β ββ
nigrescens βββ β ββ
occultatum
ββ
subflaccidum
ββββ ββ
Degelia plumbea ββββ
βββ
Dendriscocaulon
intricatulum β β
Dermatocarpon luridum
β
Dibaeis baeomyces
β
Ephebe lanata
β β
perspinulosa
ββ Erioderma
mollissimum ββββ ββ β
pedicellatum β β ββ
Page 27
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
Evernia mesomorpha βββ
ββ
prunastri
β
Everniastrum catawbiense β
ββ
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
β caperata β βββ βββ
Fuscopannaria ahlneri ββ ββ β
leucosticta ββ βββ β
sorediata ββ
ββ
Heterodermia galactophylla
β
neglecta βββ ββββ βββ
speciosa β
ββ
squamulosa
ββ
Hypogymnia incurvoides β βββ
krogiae β ββ physodes ββββ ββββ ββ
tubulosa ββ ββββ vittata
β
Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta
βββ
revoluta β β β
Imshaugia aleurites β β ββ
placarodia ββ ββ ββ
Lasallia papulosa βββ ββ ββ
Leptogium corticola βββ β β
cyanescens ββββ βββ βββ
hibernicum β imbricatum
ββ β
laceroides ββ βββ βββ
millegranum βββ β ββ
saturninum ββ
β
subtile
ββ
tenuissimum
βββ β
teretiusculum
β
Lobaria pulmonaria βββ βββββ ββ
quercizans βββββ βββ βββ
scrobiculata ββββ βββ ββ
Page 28
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
Melanelia culbersonii
β
disjuncta
ββ
panniformis
ββ
Melanelixia subaurifera β βββ
Melanohalea olivacea β β β
Menegazzia subsimilis β β βββ
terebrata β β ββ
Moelleropsis nebulosa ssp. frullaniae βββ ββ ββ
Myelochroa galbina
ββ
Nephroma bellum
β helveticum ββ ββ ββββ
laevigatum ββββ ββββ βββ
parile
ββ
resupinatum
β
Normandina pulchella β βββββ β
Pannaria conoplea βββ ββββ ββ
lurida s.l. ββ β βββ
rubiginosa ββ ββ ββ
Parmelia omphalodes
β ββ
saxatilis ββ β ββ
squarrosa βββ ββββββ ββ
sulcata ββββ β ββ
Parmeliella appalachensis β
parvula βββ ββ β
triptophylla
ββββ ββ
Parmelinopsis minarum
ββ
Parmeliopsis capitata β
β
Parmotrema crinitum ββββ βββ βββ
perlatum ββ βββ βββ
reticulatum
β
Peltigera aphthosa β ββ ββ
canina β ββ
Page 29
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
collina
β
didactyla
β β
elisabethae β β evansiana
ββ
extenuata
β β
horizontalis
ββ
leucophlebia
β β
membranacea
ββ neopolydactyla
βββ β
polydactylon β β βββ
praetextata
β β
Phaeophyscia orbicularis
β ββ
rubropulchra
ββ β
Phylliscum demangeoni
ββ
Physcia adscendens
β
aipolia β caesia
β
dubia
ββ
millegrana
β
phaea
β stellaris β ββ β
subtilis β
β
tenella var. marina
ββ Physconia
detersa
β grumosa β β β
Placynthium flabellosum
ββ
nigrum
β Platismatia
glauca β ββ β
tuckermanii ββ βββ β
Racodium rupestre
β
Ramalina americana
βββ ββ
dilacerata βββ ββ β
farinacea
β ββ
intermedia β ββ β
roesleri β ββ ββ
thrausta β Rhizoplaca
subdiscrepans
β
Page 30
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
Sphaerophorus fragilis
β
globosus β ββ ββ
Stereocaulon condensatum ββ
dactyllophyllum β β intermedium
β
paschale
ββ
pileatum β tomentosum ββ Sticta
fuliginosa βββββ ββ ββ
limbata β
β
Tuckermanopsis americana β ββ βββ
ciliaris
β
orbata β β β
sepincola
β β
Umbilicaria deusta β
β
mammulata ββ ββ muehlenbergii β β βββ
polyrrhiza
β Usnea
ceratina β
βββ
chaetophora
β cornuta ββ ββ filipendula β β flammea β β β
flavocardia β β fragilescens var. mollis
β
fulvoreagens β
β
glabrata
ββ
glabrescens
ββ hirta ββ β longissima
β
macaronesica
ββ
merrillii ββ
β
rubicunda β β ββ
scabrata schadenbergiana ββ ββ β
silesiaca β ββ strigosa ββββ β ββββ
subfloridana ββ β β
subrubicunda
ββ
subscabrosa β β ββ
trichodea ββββ βββ β
Page 31
South Shore
Macrolichen species Shelburne Queens Lunenburg
Vahliella leucophaea
β Vulpicida
pinastri β
β
Xanthoparmelia conspersa ββ ββ
cumberlandia
ββ mougeotii β ββ viriduloumbrina
ββ
Xanthoria elegans
β parietina β ββ ββ
polycarpa
β
Page 32
Eastern Shore/ Halifax: Halifax, Guysborough counties
Halifax County (HRM) contains the population hub of the province: the provincial capital, the largest port, and urban/suburban sprawl that extends for 20-30 kilometers in all directions. It also contains a rocky coastline, shoreline cliffs and extensive exposed coastal barrens over granite in the west, with granite barrens extending inland. Linear valleys followed by rivers lie to the east, with many small to medium lakes, tidal marshes and barachois beaches, cool, coastal white spruce/fir fog forests and many small islands. The interior Halifax County boundary includes gypsum and limestone quarries, open rolling hills covered with farmland and hardwood dominated forests. Guysborough County is sparsely populated. It contains extensive black spruce bogs, long inlets, coastal bluffs and white spruce/fir forests. In the eastern part, the forests become exposed granite bedrock barrens along the Atlantic coast. Once into the Chedabucto Bay, barrens and semi-barrens are interspersed with bogs and low hardwood ridges (C.D.Howe in Fernow 1912) which become 200 m high cliffs along the western side of the Strait of Canso.
Page 33
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
Alectoria sarmentosa ββ
ββ β
Anaptychia palmulata ββ
ββ
Anzia colpodes
β Arctoparmelia
centrifuga ββββ incurva ββ
β Baeomyces
rufus βββ Bryoria
capillaris β furcellata βββ
β fuscescens βββ β
nadvornikiana ββ nitidula β trichodes ssp americana βββ
β β
trichodes ssp trichodes ββββ
β Cetraria
aculeata ββββ ββ islandica ssp crispiformis
β
β
muricata ββ β β Cetrelia
chicitae βββββ
β olivetorum β
ββ
Cladonia albonigra
β arbuscula βββ ββ β arbuscula ssp.mitis βββ ββ
boryi ββββ ββ ββ caespiticia
ββ
cariosa β
β cenotea βββ
β β
chlorophaea
β ββ β
coccifera ββ conspicua
β
crispata ββ βββ ββ β
cristatella β ββ ββ ββ deformis β
digitata
β β
farinacea ββ ββ fimbriata
βββ ββ
floerkeana β furcata βββ
β
Page 34
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
gracilis ssp gracilis ββ
β gracilis ssp turbinata ββ β β incrassata β ββ β labradorica
β
macilenta var. bacillaris ββ mateocyatha βββ maxima βββ
β merochlorophaea
β
metacorallifera β multiformis β ββ β
norvegica ochrochlora ββ
ββ
oricola ββ β parasitica β
pleurota ββ
ββ pyxidata
ββ
ramulosa ββ ββ rangiferina βββ βββ β
rei
ββ β scabriuscula β ββ
β
squamosa βββββ stellaris ββββ ββ β
strepsilis βββ
β
stygia β
β β
subulata
ββ sulphurina
β
terrae-novae βββ ββ ββ turgida ββ ββ β uncialis ββ
verticillata ββββ β ββ Coccocarpia
palmicola βββ
ββ β
Collema furfuraceum β
β
limosum ββ leptaleum ββ nigrescens β
β occultatum β
subflaccidum ββββ
ββ tenax β
Degelia plumbea ββββ
β
Imshaugia aleurites
β β
placarodia β
β
Page 35
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
Lasallia papulosa βββββ
β
Leptogium corticola βββ
β
cyanescens βββββ
ββββ laceroides βββ
ββ
Lichina confinis βββ
Lobaria pulmonaria ββββ β ββ
quercizans βββ
β scrobiculata ββββ ββ ββ Melanelia
disjuncta β panniformis ββ sorediata β Melanelixia
fuliginosa ββ
β subaurifera
β
Menegazzia subsimilis β
β
terebrata β
β Moelleropsis
nebulosa ssp. frullaniae ββ
ββ Nephroma
bellum β helveticum ββββββ
β laevigatum βββ β β parile βββ
β
resupinatum β Normandina
pulchella ββ
β Pannaria
conoplea βββ
β rubiginosa β
β
Parmelia omphalodes ββ
saxatilis βββ ββ β squarrosa ββββ ββ β sulcata ββββ β ββ Parmeliella
appalachensis ββ parvula
β
triptophylla ββ
β Parmelinopsis
minarum β
Page 36
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
Parmeliopsis capitata βββ
β
hyperopta
β β Parmotrema
crinitum ββ
β Peltigera
aphthosa βββ
ββ canina β
collina
ββ degenii β
elisabethae β evansiana
β
horizontalis ββ hydrothyria
β
hymenina β β leucophlebia
β
membranacea βββ
β β
neopolydactyla β β β ponojensis β
polydactylon β
β praetextata
β
Phaeophyscia orbicularis β ββ
rubropulchra ββ
β Physcia
adscendens ββ ββ β caesia β
millegrana ββ β stellaris βββ
subtilis β tenella var. marina β ββ β
Physconia detersa β
ββ
Placidium squamulosum β
Placynthium flabellosum β
nigrum ββ Platismatia
glauca ββββ ββ ββ tuckermanii βββ
β
Polychidium muscicola
β Protopannaria
pezizoides β Pseudevernia
cladonia
β
Page 37
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
Pseudocyphellaria perpetua ββββ
ββ
Punctelia appalachensis rudecta β β
ββ
Pycnothelia papillaria ββ
ββ
Pyxine sorediata
β Racodium
rupestre β Ramalina
americana ββ ββ dilacerata βββ
β
farinacea ββ ββ intermedia βββ
roesleri βββ β β thrausta ββ
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans
β
Sphaerophorus fragilis ββββ
β
globosus ββ
βββ Stereocaulon
dactyllophyllum ββ
ββ glaucescens β
grande pileatum
β saxatile β
tomentosum
β Sticta
fuliginosa βββ
β Tuckermanopsis
americana ββ ββ β β
orbata β
β Umbilicaria
mammulata βββ muehlenbergii ββββββ
β
Usnea ceratina
β
cornuta β ββ β β
filipendula βββ ββ flammea
ββ
flavocardia ββ fragilescens var. mollis β fulvoreagens ββ
β
Page 38
Eastern Shore/Halifax
Macrolichen species Halifax Sable Isl. Guysborough Scatarie Isl.
longissima ββββ ββ β β macaronesica
β
merrillii
β mutabilis β
scabrata β schadenbergiana ββ silesiaca βββ
β strigosa ββββ
subfloridana ββ ββ subscabrosa ββ
substerilis
β Vulpicida
pinastri ββ
ββ Xanthoparmelia
conspersa βββ cumberlandia βββ plittii β viriduloumbrina ββ Xanthoria
elegans ββ parietina ββ β β
polycarpa ββ ββ
Page 39
Northern: Cumberland, Colchester, Pictou, Antigonish counties
Cumberland and Colchester counties have two coastlines: Abruptly steep basalt and sandstone headlands on the cold and sometimes dramatically foggy Fundy side, and low, warm-water beaches and tidal marshes in the rolling plain on the Northumberland Strait, where farming and cottage-country occur. Hilly deciduous-dominated uplands in the interior send rivers and streams north into the Strait and south into the Bay of Fundy. They encompass some of provinceβs higher elevations outside Cape Breton, particularly in the Cobequid range (to 360m) in Cumberland County. The plain and the upland hills extend through the two counties into Pictou County, where the interior county boundaries lie on lower rounded hills of farmland and upper elevation hardwoods. Bottomland intervales are common. Toward the coast through Pictou and Antigonish counties, scattered limestone and gypsum deposits occur. Coal was mined in western Cumberland County (Springhill, Joggins) and also in north-central Pictou County. The elevations rise again into the steep-sided valleys of mixed conifer-hardwood forests in the PictouβAntigonish highlands, climbing to 300 meters. Interior uplands reach over 200m and are dominated by hardwoods.
Page 40
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
Ahtiana aurescens β
Alectoria fallacina ββ
sarmentosa ββ
β Anaptychia
palmulata βββ
ββ β β
Anzia colpodes
β Arctoparmelia
incurva
β
Baeomyces rufus ββ
β
Bryoria capillaris β
βββ
β
furcellata ββ
β β β
fuscescens
β implexa
β
nadvornikiana ββ
β
β
trichodes ssp americana βββ
β
β
trichodes ssp trichodes ββ
β
β
Candelaria concolor β
Cetraria aculeata
ββ
Cetrelia chicitae ββ
βββ
monachorum ββ olivetorum ββ
ββββ β Cladonia
arbuscula βββ
βββ βββ ββ
arbuscula ssp.mitis
ββ
βββ
boryi
β β
caespiticia β
β β cariosa
β
carneola
β cenotea β
β
ββ
chlorophaea β
βββ
βββ
coniocraea β
ββ β β
conista β cornuta ssp. cornuta β
β crispata β
ββββ
cristatella
ββββ βββ βββ
deformis
β digitata β
Page 41
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
farinacea β
β
fimbriata β
β
ββ
floerkeana
β furcata ββ
ββ β ββ
gracilis ssp gracilis
β
β
gracilis ssp turbinata ββ
β β ββ
gracilis ssp vulnerata
β grayi
β
macilenta var. bacillaris β maxima ββ
ββ β β
multiformis
βββ β ββ
norvegica β
β ochrochlora β
β
ββ
oricola β parasitica
β
phyllophora
ββ
pleurota β
ββ pyxidata
ββ
ramulosa
β rangiferina βββ
ββββ β βββ
rei
β
β
scabriuscula β
β β βββ
squamosa ββ
ββ β β
stellaris ββ
ββ β β
strepsilis
β
stygia ββ terrae-novae
β
turgida
ββ β uncialis β
β
ββ
verticillata ββ
ββ
ββ
Collema flaccidum
β furfuraceum ββ
βββ
fuscovirens β leptaleum β
β β subflaccidum βββ
βββ βββ β
Degelia plumbea ββ
Dendriscocaulon intricatulum β
Dermatocarpon luridum
ββ Dibaeis
baeomyces ββ
ββββ ββ β
Evernia mesomorpha βββ
ββ
prunastri
β ββ β
Page 42
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
Everniastrum catawbiense ββββ
Flavoparmelia caperata ββ
β β
Fuscopannaria ahlneri β
saubinetii β Heterodermia
galactophylla
β neglecta βββ
speciosa βββ
β β squamulosa ββ
Hypogymnia incurvoides βββ
β
krogiae ββ
ββ β β
physodes ββ
ββ β βββ
tubulosa ββ
ββ
ββ
vittata β Hypotrachyna
afrorevoluta βββ revoluta β
β Imshaugia
aleurites ββ Lasallia
papulosa β
β
Leptogium cyanescens ββββ
ββββββ β β
imbricatum ββ laceroides ββββ
ββ lichenoides
β
millegranum
β saturninum ββ
β
subtile β teretiusculum β Lobaria
pulmonaria βββ
βββ ββββ ββ
quercizans ββ
ββββ βββ β
scrobiculata β
βββ ββ β
Melanelixia fuliginosa βββ
ββ β β
subaurifera βββ
βββ ββ ββ
Melanohalea olivacea ββ
ββ β
septentrionalis β
β Menegazzia
subsimilis βββ terebrata β
β
Page 43
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
Myelochroa aurulenta ββ
β
galbina β
βββ Nephroma
bellum ββ
ββ
β
helveticum ββ
ββ laevigatum β
βββ β
parile ββ
β
ββ
Normandina pulchella ββββ
β
Pannaria conoplea βββ
β
rubiginosa βββ
β Parmelia
fertilis β
βββ β saxatilis ββ
β
squarrosa ββββ
ββββ βββ ββ
sulcata ββ
βββ ββ ββ
Parmeliella appalachensis β
triptophylla βββ
βββ βββ β
Parmelinopsis minarum ββ
Parmeliopsis capitata β
β β ββ
hyperopta β
β Parmotrema
crinitum βββ
β Peltigera
aphthosa ββ
βββββββ
β
canina
βββ β ββ
degenii βββ
β didactyla β
β β
elisabethae β
β
ββ
evansiana ββ
βββββ horizontalis ββ
ββ ββ β
hydrothyria ββ
ββ hymenina β
leucophlebia ββ
β ββ membranacea ββββ
ββ β ββ
neckeri
ββ neopolydactyla ββ
β
β
polydactylon βββ
βββ praetextata β
ββ
rufescens
β
Page 44
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
Phaeophyscia adiastola β
orbicularis
β
pusilloides ββ
β rubropulchra β
ββ β β
Physcia adscendens β
ββ β
aipolia β
β
millegrana β
β β phaea β
stellaris ββ
ββββ β β
Physconia detersa βββ
βββ
grumosa ββ
ββ Platismatia
glauca βββ
ββ β β
tuckermanii ββ
β β β
Protopannaria pezizoides β
ββ ββ
Pseudevernia cladonia β
Pseudocyphellaria perpetua ββ
β
Punctelia appalachensis ββββ
ββ
rudecta βββ
ββββ ββ β
Pycnothelia papillaria
β β Pyxine
sorediata βββ
βββββ β Racodium
rupestre β Ramalina
americana βββ
ββ β β
dilacerata β
ββ β β
farinacea βββββ
β ββ ββ
intermedia β
β obtusata
ββ
roesleri ββββ β ββ βββ thrausta βββ
β
Sphaerophorus globosus βββ
ββ β
Stereocaulon condensatum
β dactyllophyllum β
βββ β
dactyllophyllum var.occidentale
β
Page 45
Northern
Macrolichen species Cumberland Isle Haute Colchester Pictou Antigonish
intermedium
β
paschale
βββ
β
pileatum
β β saxatile β
β
tomentosum
βββ β β
Sticta fuliginosa βββ
ββ
limbata ββ Tuckermanopsis
americana ββ
β β β
ciliaris β
β β orbata β
β ββ
Umbilicaria mammulata
β muehlenbergii
β
Usnocetraria oakesiana ββ
β
Usnea ceratina β
β
chaetophora β cornuta β
β
β
filipendula ββ
ββ
β
flammea β fulvoreagens β
β
β
glabrata β glabrescens β hirta β
β
longissima β
β macaronesica ββ
merrillii β scabrata β schadenbergiana β silesiaca β strigosa β
β β β
subfloridana ββ
β
ββ
subscabrosa β
β trichodea ββ
ββ
β
Vahliella leucophaea β
β
Vulpicida pinastri β
β β
Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia β
plittii β Xanthoria
parietina ββ
ββββ β β
polycarpa
β
Page 46
Cape Breton Island: Inverness, Victoria, Cape Breton, Richmond counties
Cape Breton Island is the boreal forest region of the province. Linked to the mainland by a causeway since 1955, it contains the provinceβs highest elevations, to just over 500 m in the Highlands, and some of its harshest climate. The establishment of the causeway produced ice free waters on the southeastern side of the causeway with lasting environmental changes as a result. The coastal fringe ranges from steep cliffs that rise to 100 m out of the sea, to a low-lying plain on the far northern coast. Inverness County includes the Northumberland coast with its warm summer waters and ice-covered winters; Victoria Countyβs coast is exposed on the east to the Cabot Strait. Their interior boundaries bisect the Cape Breton Highlands. In the north, mighty winds, cold temperatures, a short summer and the provinceβs highest precipitation across the high plateau in the Highlands create stunted forest and many bogs and barrens. Deep valleys flow down toward the coasts, forming canyons that fill with fog and have many north-facing walls. Rare arctic-alpine plants have been found on some of the northern plateaus and cliffs (Smith & Erskine 1954). Talus slopes and deciduous forests dominate the valleys. Small population clusters are sparsely scattered around the coast. Off the far northern tip of Cape Breton lies St. Paul Island, where Erskine collected in the 1950s. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources staff recently added to lichen species known from St. Paul. Where the land slopes to the south toward the uplands and lowlands of the Bras dβOr Lake shores, tillable land and habitation increase. Gypsum deposits and karst topography are most frequent south of the Highlands, though on the far northern coast there were substantial quarries, as well as along the Northumberland Strait. Famous for coal mining, the slightly undulating, poorly drained terrain in Cape Breton County includes higher disturbance than most of the rest of the island. Climate extremes are modified by the Atlantic Ocean and the land mass to the west and north. Large bays and harbours often have rocky barrier beaches. Coastal forests on the east and south are white spruce, while inland black spruce bogs are frequent. Sea cliffs (to 20 m) and exposed headlands occur mostly in the south, along Gabarus Bay, but extend into Richmond County along the Atlantic where in the interior, bogs, swamps and wandering streams are numerous. The sheltered Chedabucto Bay is surrounded on its eastern side with coastal white spruce/balsam fir forests and low drumlins, gravel beaches and salt marshes. One of the provinceβs major pulp mills and biomass power generating stations is located on the eastern flank of the Bay, up the channel toward the Canso causeway.
Page 47
Cape Breton Island
Macrolichen species Inverness Victoria St.Paul I. Cape Breton Richmond
Alectoria fallacina β β
sarmentosa βββ ββ β βββ ββββ
Anaptychia palmulata
β crinalis
ββββ
Anzia colpodes β
Arctoparmelia centrifuga β ββ
β β
incurva β ββ
ββ β
Baeomyces rufus β βββ
β
Bryoria capillaris β ββ
furcellata
β
β β
fuscescens β
βββ nadvornikiana
β
trichodes ssp americana β β
β ββ
trichodes ssp trichodes
ββ
β Cavernularia
hultenii
β Cetraria
aculeata β ββ ββ βββ β
islandica ssp crispiformis ββ βββ
ββ laevigata
β
muricata
ββ β β Cetrariella
delisei
β Cetrelia
chicitae β β olivetorum βββ β
β ββ
Cladonia arbuscula βββ ββββ ββ β β
arbuscula ssp.mitis βββ βββ βββ ββ borealis
β β
boryi ββ ββ β βββ β
brevis
β
caespiticia β cariosa
βββ
ββ
carneola
β cenotea β βββ
β β
Page 48
Cape Breton Island
Macrolichen species Inverness Victoria St.Paul I. Cape Breton Richmond
chlorophaea ββ βββ β β coccifera β ββ
β β
coniocraea
ββ
β β
cornuta ssp. cornuta β ββ
β cornuta ssp.groenlandica
β
crispata
ββββ
ββ cristatella ββ β β β β
deformis
ββ
ββ digitata β β ββ β β
farinacea
β β fimbriata β β
β β
furcata β β β β β
gracilis ssp gracilis
βββ β ββ gracilis ssp elongata
β
gracilis ssp turbinata ββ ββββ
ββ grayi
ββ
macilenta var. bacillaris
β
β macroceras
β
maxima βββ ββ β β β
merochlorophaea
β
multiformis βββ βββ
β β
ochrochlora β βββ β β β
oricola
β phyllophora β β
β
pleurota ββ ββββ
β pocillum
β
β
pyxidata ββ βββ
β rangiferina βββ ββββ β ββ β
rappii
β rei ββ ββ
ββ β
scabriuscula βββ βββ
β βββ
squamosa ββ βββ β β β
stellaris ββ ββββ β ββ β
strepsilis β ββ
β stygia
ββ β
sulphurina
ββ terrae-novae ββ
β β β
turgida ββ β β ββ uncialis ββ ββ ββ βββ ββ
verticillata ββ β
ββ wainioi ββ ββ.
Coccocarpia palmicola
ββ
Page 49
Cape Breton Island
Macrolichen species Inverness Victoria St.Paul I. Cape Breton Richmond
Collema bachmanianum
β crispum
β
cristatum
ββ furfuraceum β ββ
ββ β
leptaleum
β subflaccidum β ββ
βββ β
Lichina confinis
β Lobaria
pulmonaria βββ βββββ β ββ ββββ
ouercizans ββββ βββ ββ βββ
scrobiculata β βββ ββ ββ
Massalongia
carnosa βββ
Melanelia
disjuncta β β
hepatizon β β
panniformis β β
sorediata β
stygia β β
Melanelixia
fuliginosa ββ β βββ ββ
subaurifera ββ βββ β
Melanohalea
olivacea β
Menegazzia
subsimilis β
Myelochroa
galbina β
Nephroma
arcticum β βββ
bellum β βββ ββ
helveticum ββ
laevigatum ββββ βββββ β ββ
parile ββ β
resupinatum ββ
Normandina
pulchella β
Pannaria
conoplea β
rubiginosa β β
Page 50
Cape Breton Island
Macrolichen species Inverness Victoria St.Paul I. Cape Breton Richmond
Parmelia
fertilis β
omphalodes β
saxatilis β βββ β ββ
squarrosa ββ ββ β βββ βββ
sulcata ββ βββ βββ ββ β
Parmeliella
parvula β
triptophylla βββ βββ βββ ββ
Parmeliopsis
ambigua β β
capitata β β β β
hyperopta β β
Peltigera
aphthosa ββ ββ β ββ
canina β ββ
collina β ββ
degenii β
didactyla β β β
elisabethae β βββ β
horizontalis ββ β β
hydrothyria ββ
hymenina β β ββ
leucophlebia ββ βββ
malacea β
membranacea ββ β ββ β
neckeri β
neopolydactyla ββ βββ β β
occidentalis β
ponojensis β
polydactylon β ββ β
praetextata ββ β β β
rufescens ββββ β
Phaeophyscia
adiastola β
orbicularis β
pusilloides ββ β
rubropulchra ββ β ββ ββ
Physcia
adscendens β β
aipolia β
caesia β β
dubia β β β
millegrana β β
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Cape Breton Island
Macrolichen species Inverness Victoria St.Paul I. Cape Breton Richmond
phaea β
stellaris β β β
subtilis
tenella β
tenella var. marina ββ β
Umbilicaria
americana β
deusta β ββ β
hyperborean β β β
mammulata β
muehlenbergii β βββ β
polyphylla ββ β
vellea β
Usnea chaetophora cornuta
β ββ
fibrillose
β filipendula ββ ββ
β ββ
fulvoreagens β β longissima β
βββ ββ
scabrata β ββ schadenbergiana
β
silesiaca
β
β ββ
strigosa β β
β subfloridana
ββ
β β
trichodea
β
β Vahliella
leucophaea β Vulpicida
pinastri ββ ββ
β Xanthoparmelia
conspersa β β
ββ cumberlandia
β
plittii β
β viriduloumbrina
β
Xanthoria elegans
ββ parietina β β
β β
polycarpa β β
ββ
Page 52
Acknowledgements This checklist would not have been possible without the generous donation of time and support from many lichenologists and herbarium curators. Many of them allowed me to examine the collections in their herbaria and confirmed determinations when those were in question. Several of them identified newly collected specimens that sometimes turned out to be recently described species. Some loaned me Nova Scotia specimens of their own. Any misidentifications or errors in recording are mine, not those who helped me. My gratitude extends to Ted Ahti, who examined the entire Cladonia section at NSPM (and some Peltigera specimens); to Ernie Brodo for his time and willingness to work through my questions; and to Curtis Bjork; Stephen Clayden; Philippe Clerc; Ted Esslinger; Trevor Goward; Richard Harris; Jim Hinds; Per Magnus JΓΈrgensen; Elisabeth Lay; James Lendemer; Bruce McCune; Ruth Newell; David Richardson; Mark Seaward; Michaela Schmull; Catherine Sneddon and Matthias Schulz. I thank them all for their help and advice. Additional thanks to Stephen Clayden for manuscript advice and continued encouragement for this project. Thanks also to Troy McMullin for manuscript review. Personal collections are listed above and I thank their collectors for access to their specimens. And special thanks to Marian Munro, Curator of Botany, Collections Division at the Nova Scotia Museum for supporting this project over the long years it took to come to fruition, to Kim Franklin for her patience in readying this manuscript for viewing and to Laura Bennett for seeing it through the publishing process.
Page 53
References Anderson, F. and Neily, T. New and noteworthy macrolichen records for Nova Scotia. Evansia 29(1): 1-3. Arup,Ulf. 1994 The Genus Caloplaca on Seashore Rocks in Eastern North America. Bryologist 97 (4):377-392. Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA. Cameron, Robert 2002. Habitat associations of epiphytic lichens in managed and unmanaged forest stands in Nova Scotia. Northeastern Naturalist 9(1): 27-46. Cameron, R.P. and Richardson, D.H.S. 2006. Occurrence and abundance of epiphytic cyanolichens in Protected Areas of Nova Scotia, Canada. Opusculum philolichenum 3: 5-14. Cameron, R.P., F. Anderson, W.S.G. Maass. 2010. Lichens of Scatarie Island Wilderness Area. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science 45:69-78. Census of Canada. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm. Accessed September 2012. Clayden, S.R. 2010. Lichens and allied fungi of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. In Assessment of Species Diversity in the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. Edited by D.F.McAlpine and I.M. Smith. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. Pages 153β178. Crowley, M., Beals, L. 2011. Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora in Nova Scotia: Identification & Information Guide. Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute, Nova Scotia. Erskine, John 1976. In Forest and Field with John Erskine. Compiled from articles previously published in the Journal of Education. Nova Scotia Museum, Cultural Services Program, Department of Education, Government of Nova Scotia. Pp. 39-43. Esslinger, T.L. 2012. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada [online]. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. Available at http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/ chcklst/chcklst7.htm [first posted 1 December 1997; Most Recent Version, (#18) 13 December 2012], Fargo, North Dakota. Fernow, B.E and Howe, C.D., White, J.H. 1912. Forest Conditions of Nova Scotia. Published by permission of the Department of Crown Lands, Nova Scotia for the Conservation Commission, Ottawa, Canada.
Page 54
Goward, T. et al., 1998. Rare Lichens of Canada: a Review and Provisional Listing. Committee On the Status of Endangered Wildlife In Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa. Hinds, J.W. and Hinds, P.L. 2007.The macrolichens of New England. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 96:xxii, 1-584. Lamb, I. M 1954. Lichens of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. National Museums of Canada, Bulletin132:239-313. Maass, W.S.G. 1981. New observations on the distribution and ecology of Cavernularia hultenii in eastern North America. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science 31: 193-206. Maass, W.S.G. 1983. New Observations on Erioderma in North America. Nordic Journal of Botany 3 (5): 567-576. Maass, W.S.G. 1997. Botanical surveys in the Cape Chignecto Area of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. Report to the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation Division. 42pp. Maass, W.S.G. 1986. Moelleropsis (Lecanorales) as a component of Erioderma habitats in Atlantic Canada. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science 37:21-36. Maass, W.S.G. and B.L. Hoisington.1986. Pannaria lurida in Atlantic Canada. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science 36: 131-135. Maass, W.S.G and Yetman, D. 2002. COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Boreal Felt Lichen, Erioderma pedicellatum in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa. 50 pp. Macoun, J. 1902. Catalogue of Canadian Plants. Geological Survey of Canada, Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa. Mackay, Alexander.1880. Lichens of Nova Scotia. Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Sciences 5:299-307. McMullin, R.T. 2009. Lichens of Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada (Provisional List). Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 71-78. McMullin, R.T. 2012. New and interesting lichens to Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 52-59. Mills, Eric L. and L. Laviolette 2011. Birds of Brier Island. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Special Issue Part I, vol 46.
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Natural History of Nova Scotia, rev. ed. 1996. vols 1 & 2. Davis and Browne, eds. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Neily, T. and Anderson, F. 2010. Leptogium hibernicum Mitch. Ex P.M. JΓΈrg. discovered in North America. Lichenologist 42(5): 629-630. Richardson, D.H.S., Lucas, Z. & Anderson, F. 2009. The lichen flora of Sable Island, Nova Scotia: its past, present and likely future status. Bryologist 112(3): 558-571. Roland, A. 1980. Lichens, liverworts, mosses, and flowering plants of Kejimkujik National Park. Parks Canada Agency. Maitland Bridge, Nova Scotia. 111 pp. Scotter, George W. 1966. Arboreal lichens as a food source for caribou in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, with brief notes on terrestrial vegetation. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, Alberta. Selva, S. B. and Tibell. L.1999. Lichenized and non-lichenized calicioid fungi from North America. Bryologist 102: 377-397. Selva, S.B., Edberg, M.P. and M. Selva. 2004. Survey of epiphytic lichens of late successional northern hardwood forests in northern Cape Breton Island. Parks Canada Ecosystem Monitoring and Data Reports, no.8. Smith, E.C. and J.S. Erskine 1954. Contributions to the Flora of Nova Scotia IV. Rhodora 56: 242-252 Thomson, J. W. 1967. The Lichen genus Cladonia in North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. Thomson, J.W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens 1.The Macrolichens. Columbia University Press, New York. TΓΈnsberg, Tor 1993. Additions to the Lichen Flora of North America. Bryologist 96(1): 138-141.
Page 56
Nova Scotia Macrolichen Checklist
This comprehensive spreadsheet includes 341 macrolichen species arranged alphabetically by genus and species, species authorities, counties arranged alphabetically and a reference specimen for each species which is cited in the last column. Herbarium numbers ending with P are from the Nova Scotia Museum. Other institutional herbarium codes appear in parentheses. Reference specimens from personal collections have no parentheses. Details on numbers of specimens recorded per county or the herbaria/collections where specimens are located are available from the author at [email protected]. Those details are not included for simplicity of viewing and because in many cases, specimen packets contained other species for which there were no county records, but also no listing on the packet. Those specimens might not appear in herbarium databases.
Islands
Macrolichen species in NS Authorities Annapolis Antigonish Cape Breton Colchester Cumberland Digby Guysborough Halifax Hants Kings Inverness Lunenburg Pictou Queens Richmond Shelburne Victoria Yarmouth Brier Isl. Isle Haute Sable Isl. Scatarie Isl. Seal Isl. St.Paul Isl. Verification specimen
Ahtiana
aurescens (Tuck.) A.Thell & Randlane β ββ βββ Anderson 775 (039431P)
Alectoria
fallacina Motyka ββ β β Anderson C2 (031706P)
sarmentosa (Ach) Ach. β βββ β ββ β ββ ββ β βββ βββ β ββββ β ββ ββ β β β Sneddon 442L (012386P)
Anaptychia
palmulata (Michx.)Vain. β β ββ βββ ββ ββ ββ β ββββ β β β Richardson (016707P)
crinalis (Schaerer) VΔzda ββββ Sneddon 1957L (012395P)
Anzia
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb. βββ β β β β ββ ββββ ββ ββ LaGreca (016727P)
Arctoparmelia
centrifuga (l.) Hale β β β ββββ ββ β βββ ββ β ββ ββ Erskine 998 (012410P)
incurva (Pers.)Hale β ββ β ββ β β β β ββ ββ Sneddon 1951L (012416P)
Baeomyces
rufus (Huds.) Rebent. ββ β βββ β β β β β βββ Cameron 97- 034 (022452P)
Bryoria
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & Hawksw β βββ β β β β β ββ β Cameron 192 (031627P)
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & Hawksw. β β β β ββ β β βββ βββ β ββ β β β βββ β ββ Erskine 56C2782 (012431P)
fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & Hawksw. βββ βββ β β β β β Lucas 310 (041294P)
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & Hawksw. β A.R.Prince (FH 6240 )
nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & Hawksw. β β β ββ ββ ββ β Anderson T5SL10
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw β Taschereau PMT B4 (012439P)
trichodes ssp americana (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw. β β β β βββ β β βββ β β ββ β β β β Taschereau PMT71-3 (012442P)
trichodes ssp trichodes (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw. β β β β ββ β β β ββββ β βββ ββ β ββ βββ Brodo 19069 (CANL 37713)
Candelaria
concolor (Dicks.) Stein β Harries (NBM FL-07574)
Cavernularia
hultenii Degel. β Maass WM-001 (015448P)
Cetraria
aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. ββ βββ β ββββ β β β βββ ββ ββ ββ Erskine 51C1798 (012971P)
arenaria KΓ€rnefelt ββ β ββ Richardson (16700P)
islandica ssp crispiformis RΓ€sΓ€nen ββ ββ βββ β β Sneddon 1634L (012487P)
laevigata Rass β Sneddon 1980L (012497P)
muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt β β ββ ββ β β Lamb 6881(CANL 15764)
Cetrariella
delisei (Bory ex Schaer.)KΓ€rnefelt & A.Tibell β Comeau (012496P)
Cetrelia
chicitae (W.L.Culb.)W.L.Culb & C.F.Culb. βββ ββ β β βββββ β βββ β βββ βββ β β ββ Erskine 1067 (012502P)
monachorum Zahlbr.) Culb.& C.Culb.) ββ Goward/Clayden (UBC 77-24)
olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L.Culb & C.F.Culb. β ββββ ββ ββ ββ β βββ βββ ββ β ββ ββ β β ββ Erskine 52C2202 (012503P)
Cladonia
albonigra Brodo & Ahti β β β Taschereau (012763P)
arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow β ββ β βββ βββ β β βββ β ββββ βββ βββ βββ βββ β ββββ ββββ ββ ββ ββ Sneddon C1055 (008247P)
arbuscula ssp.mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss βββ ββ ββ βββ βββ β β ββ βββ β ββ βββ Sneddon C1056A (012536P)
borealis S. Stenroos β β Sneddon 1786l (012720P)
boryi Tuck. β βββ β ββ ββββ β ββ ββ ββββ β ββ β ββ βββ ββ β Richardson (016692P)
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst. β Basquill 3092
caespiticia (Pers.) FlΓΆrke β β β β β β β ββ ββ ββ Richardson 201 (041312P)
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel β ββ β β β β βββ β Brodo 19054 (CANL 37710)
carneola (Fr.) Fr. β β Scotter 4:6225 (CANL)
cenotea Ach.) Schaerer ββ β β β β βββ β βββ β β β ββ βββ ββ β Taschereau 67-9 (012709P)
chlorophaea (FlΓΆrke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel βββ β βββ β β ββ β β ββ ββ βββ βββ βββ ββ β β β Brodo 18875 (CANL 37781)
coccifera (L.) Willd. β ββ β β ββ Taschereau 5-70PMT (012723P)
coniocraea (FlΓΆrke) Sprengel β β ββ β β β β β β β ββ β Macoun (CANL 7193)
conista (Nyl.) Robbins β Anderson C1474 (035195P)
conspicua (Ahti) Ahti β Wilson (008223P)
cornuta ssp. cornuta (L.) Hoffm. β β β β β β ββ Nichols 0911 (FH 1909)
cornuta ssp.groenlandica (E.Dahl)Ahti β Sneddon 1004L (CBU 1192)
crispata (Ach.) Flotow β ββ β β ββ ββ βββ ββββ β βββββ ββββ ββββ βββ β P.Comeau B3 (012736P)
cristatella Tuck. ββ βββ β ββββ β ββ β ββ ββ ββ ββ ββ βββ βββββ β β β β ββ β Sneddon 57L (12742P)
deformis (L.) Hoffm. ββ β β ββ ββ Taschereau PMT51-68 (012757P)
digitata (L.) Hoffm. β β β β β β β β β ββ Casselman 94-390 (012759P)
dimorphoclada Robbins β Roland 352 (CANL 71592)
farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans β β β ββ β β β β β ββ β Richardson 200 (012764P)
fimbriata (L.) Fr. ββ β β β ββ β β β β β β β ββ βββ Brodo 19018B (CANL 37786)
floerkeana (Fr.) FlΓΆrke β β ββ Brodo 29621 (CANL 121180)
furcata (Hudson) Schrader ββ ββ β ββ ββ βββ β βββ β β β β ββββ β β β ββ β Brodo 19040 (CANL 37801)
gracilis ssp gracilis (L.) Willd. β ββ β β ββ β βββ βββ β β Speer 73-45 (CANL 45203)
gracilis ssp elongata (Jacq.) Vainio β Erskine283/53C (012764P)
gracilis ssp turbinata (Ach.) Ahti ββ ββ β ββ β β ββ β ββ ββ β β ββ βββββ ββββ β β Lamb 6690 (CANL 8187)
gracilis ssp vulnerata Ahti β Roland 241 (CANL 71589)
grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. β β ββ ββ β Roland 142 (CANL 67070)
incrassata FlΓΆrke β β ββ β β ββ Roland 143 (CANL 67071)
labradorica Ahti & Brodo β β ββ Anderson150335 (046933P)
macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaerer β β β ββ β ββ β ββββ β Macoun 192+194 (CANL 6706)
macroceras (Delise) Har. β Sneddon 944 (012792P)
mateocyatha Robbins βββ ββ β Ward 77 (CANL 98325)
maxima (Asahina) Ahti β β β ββ ββ β βββ β β βββ β β βββ β ββ βββ β Erskine (012787P)
merochlorophaea Asahina β β Wetmore 43127 (CANL 085022)
metacorallifera Asahina β Anderson 150427 (P)
multiformis G. Merr. β ββ β βββ ββββ β β ββ βββ βββ ββ β ββ β ββββ βββ ββ ββ Taschereau 90 (012830P)
norvegica TΓΈnβerg & Holien β β β Ahti 62553(H)
ochrochlora FlΓΆrke β ββ β β β β ββ ββ ββ β ββ β βββ βββ βββ β Anderson C22 (031722P)
oricola Ahti β ββ β β β β β Ahti (041519P)
parasitica Hoffm.) Hoffm. β β β β β Richardson (016712P)
phyllophora Hoffm. ββ β β β β Anderson 529
pleurota (FlΓΆrke) Schaerer β β β β ββ ββ β β ββ β ββ β β ββββ Taschereau (012723P)
pocillum (Ach.) Grognot β β Anderson 13990
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. ββ β β ββ ββ ββ β β βββ ββ Sneddon (012849P)
Islands
Macrolichen species in NS Authorities Annapolis Antigonish Cape Breton Colchester Cumberland Digby Guysborough Halifax Hants Kings Inverness Lunenburg Pictou Queens Richmond Shelburne Victoria Yarmouth Brier Isl. Isle Haute Sable Isl. Scatarie Isl. Seal Isl. St.Paul Isl. Verification specimen
ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon β ββ β β ββ Richardson (041327P)
rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. β βββ ββ ββββ βββ β β βββ ββ βββ βββ ββ β βββ β ββ ββββ ββ βββ β Erskine 1184 (012559P)
rappii A. Evans β β β Hill 651 (NY 1152761)
rei Schaerer β ββ β β ββ β ββ ββ β β ββ ββ β ββ Ahti 62573 (024669P)
scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. β βββ β β β ββββ β ββ βββ ββ β β βββ β βββ ββ ββ β A.F.Linder 415 (FH)
squamosa Hoffm. ββ β β ββ ββ β βββββ ?β β ββ β β βββ β ββ βββ β β Scotter 13772 (CANL 34821)
stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & VΔzda β ββ ββ ββ β ββββ ββ βββ ββ βββ β ββ β β ββββ β ββ β Macoun (CANL 6437)
strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot β β β βββ ββ β ββ β ββ ββ β β Sneddon (012927P)
stygia (Fr.) Ruoss ββ ββ β β β β Sneddon 1628L (012592P)
subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick ββ Ahti & Maass (CANL 88698)
subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg. β ββ Richardson #9 (041251P)
sulphurina (Michaux) Fr. ββ β Speer 73-72 (CANL45196)
terrae-novae Ahti β β β ββ ββ βββ ββ ββ β βββ ββββ ββ β (Richardson (016705P)
turgida Hoffm. ββ ββ ββ β β ββ ββ β ββ ββ β β ββ ββ β Macoun (CANL 530)
uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg. β ββ βββ β β βββ ββ β β ββ ββββ ββ ββ β ββ ββ ββ A.F. Linder#407 (FH 1920)
verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti ββ ββ ββ ββ ββ ββββ β ββ ββ βββ ββ β ββ β Richardson (016701P)
wainioi Savicz ββ ββ. Taschereau 70-20PMT(012848P)
Coccocarpia
palmicola (Sprengel) Arv. & D. J. Galloway ββ ββ βββ β βββ β ββ ββ β β Maass 91-000WM (012969P)
Collema
bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. β β Anderson 150761 (046944P)
crispum (Huds.) F.H. Wigg. β β Anderson 1508695 ( 046503P)
cristatum (L.) F. H. Wigg. ββ Neily (039484P)
flaccidum Ach.) Ach. β A.R.Prince #6247 (FH 1928)
furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz ββ βββ ββ β β β β β β βββ βββ β ββ ββ Cameron (023033P)
fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon β Anderson 14028 (041495P)
limosum (Ach.) Ach. ββ Anderson 1590772
leptaleum Tuck. β β β ββ ββ β β β Macoun (CANL1418)
nigrescens (Hudson) DC. β β β ββ ββ β βββ Neily (039022P)
occultatum Bagl. β β ββ Anderson 14961 (041494P)
subflaccidum Degel. ββββ β βββ βββ βββ β ββ ββββ ββββ β ββ βββ ββββ β ββ ββββ Schofield 59 (012989P)
tenax (Sw.) Ach. β ββ Neily (038333P)
Degelia
plumbea (Lightf.) P. M. JΓΈrg. & P. James β β ββ β β ββββ β ββ βββ ββ ββββ β ββ Neily (035710P)
Dendriscocaulon
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen ββ β β β β Anderson 786 (039444P)
Dermatocarpon
luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon ββ ββ ββ βββ β β β Allen 2304 (NY 793586)
miniatum (L.) W. Mann β Macoun 445 (793585)
Dibaeis
baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel β β ββ ββββ ββ β ββ β ββ βββ β ββ β βββ ββ β Sneddon 1747L (012995P)
Ephebe
hispidula (Ach.) Horwood β Neily (046501P)
lanata (L.) Vainio βββ β β β β Anderson 809 (038328P)
perspinulosa Nyl. ββ Anderson15069
Erioderma
mollissimum (Samp.) Du Rietz β β ββ β ββ ββββ β Neily/Anderson (039445P)
pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. JΓΈrg. β β ββ ββ β β β Neily/Anderson (041497P)
Evernia
mesomorpha Nyl. ββ β βββ ββ β β β ββ β ββ β βββ β ββββ ββ Sneddon 60L (013002P)
prunastri (L.) Ach. β β ββββ β ββ Casselman &Hill P102 (013012P)
Everniastrum
catawbiense (Degel.) Hale ex Sipman ββββ β ββ β Anderson (024670P)
Flavocetraria
cucullata (Bellardi) KΓ€rnefelt & Thell β Blaney 2009 (NBM FL-16781)
nivalis (L.) KΓ€rnefelt & Thell β Sneddon 524L (013018P)
Flavoparmelia
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & FΓ³riss) Hale β Ahti 57230 (016699P)
caperata (L.) Hale β β ββ ββ β ββ β ββ βββ β βββ β ββ Casselman (013019P)
Fuscopannaria
ahlneri (P. M. JΓΈrg.) P. M. JΓΈrg. β β β β ββββ β ββ β ββ β Neily/Clapp (038781P)
leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. JΓΈrg. β ββ β βββ ββ Anderson 445 (035261P)
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. JΓΈrg. ββ β Macoun (FH 00259143)
saubinetii (Mont.) P. M. JΓΈrg β ββ Neily BG
sorediata P.M.JΓΈrg. β β β ββ β ββ Anderson (038783P)
Gowardia
nigricans (Ach.) P. Halonen L. Myllys S. Velmala & H. HyvΓ€rinen β Scotter (CANL 38993)
Heterodermia
galactophylla (Tuck.) Culb β β Seaward 106518
leucomela (L.) Poelt β Anderson 150462 (041493P)
neglecta Lendemer R. C. Harris & E. Tripp β βββ ββ βββ βββ ββββ β βββ β Neily 195 (041498P)
speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan ββ β βββ β β ββ β β β Neily 247 (039447P)
squamulosa (Degel.) Culb ββ ββ β β ββ ββ β Neily (039054P)
Hypocenomyce
caradocensis (Leight.ex.Nyl) P.James & Gotth. Schneid. β Seaward (046951P)
Hypogymnia
incurvoides Rass. β βββ ββ β βββ β β βββ β β Anderson 482 (038327P)
krogiae Ohlsson β β β ββ ββ β ββ β β β ββ β Cameron 84 (03169P)
physodes (L.) Nyl. β βββ β ββ ββ ββββ β ββββ ββββ ββ ββ β ββββ ββ ββββ βββ ββ ββ β Sneddon (013048P)
tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. ββ ββ β ββ ββ ββ β β β ββ β ββββ ββ ββ ββ β ββ Sneddon (013052P)
vittata (Ach.) Parrique β β ββ βββ β βββ β Anderson 150971 (0469528P)
Hypotrachyna
afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow βββ β βββ Anderson C42 (031737P)
revoluta (FlΓΆrke) Hale β β β β β β Anderson 15070
Imshaugia
aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer ββ ββ β β ββ β β β β Anderson (024672P)
placarodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer β β β ββ ββ β ββ β Anderson (039450P)
Lasallia
papulosa (Ach.) Llano β β β β β β βββββ ββ β ββ ββ β βββ β ββ Sneddon 1596l (013075P)
Islands
Macrolichen species in NS Authorities Annapolis Antigonish Cape Breton Colchester Cumberland Digby Guysborough Halifax Hants Kings Inverness Lunenburg Pictou Queens Richmond Shelburne Victoria Yarmouth Brier Isl. Isle Haute Sable Isl. Scatarie Isl. Seal Isl. St.Paul Isl. Verification specimen
Leptogium
azureum (Sw. ex Ach.) Mont. β Neily (041492P)
corticola (Taylor) Tuck. β βββ βββ ββ β β βββ β Anderson (039012P)
cyanescens (Rabenh.) KΓΆrber βββββ β ββ ββββββ ββββ β ββββ βββββ βββββ βββ βββ βββ β βββ ββ ββββ βββ βββ A.R.Prince 6354 (FH)
dactylinum Tuck. ββ Neily 276 (041491P)
hibernicum M.E.Mitch.ex P.M.Jorg. β β Neily/Clapp (041489P)
hirsutum Sierk β Neily 244
imbricatum P. M. JΓΈrg. β ββ β β ββ Anderson 14012
intermedium (Arnold) Arnold ββ Anderson (041485P)
laceroides (B. de Lesd.) P. M. JΓΈrg. ββ ββ ββββ ββββ ββ βββ β βββ βββ ββ ββ ββ Anderson (032803P)
lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. β ββ Neily (037836P)
millegranum Sierk β ββ β βββ ββ Richardson (016742P)
saturninum (Dickson) Nyl. ββ β ββ ββ β ββ ββ Cameron (031649P)
schraderi (Bernh) Nyl.. ββ Anderson 1590838
subtile (Schrader) Torss. β β β ββ β ββ β β Anderson (032804P)
tenuissimum (Dickson) KΓΆrber ββ ββ β βββ β Anderson 1082 (039489P)
teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold β β ββ β β Neily (037838P)
Lichina
confinis (Mull) Ag. β βββ Lamb 6922 (CANL 2368)
Lobaria
pulmonaria (Mull) Ag. β ββ ββ βββ βββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββ ββββ βββ ββ ββββ βββββ ββββ βββ βββββ βββ β β Ireland 12400 (CANL35635)
quercizans Michaux β β ββ ββββ ββ ββ β βββ ββ ββββ ββββ βββ βββ βββ βββ βββββ βββ ββββ Taschereau 1096 (0313129P)
scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. β β ββ βββ β ββ ββ ββββ ββ ββ β ββ ββ βββ ββ ββββ βββ ββ ββ Wilson (0131355P)
Massalongia
carnosa (Dickson) KΓΆrber βββ Anderson 14002
Melanelia
culbersonii (Hale) Thell β Anderson 13839
disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. β β β ββ β Sneddon 1712L CBU
hepatizon (Ach.) Thell β β Sneddon C922 (012486P)
panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. β β β ββ β β ββ Casselman 93-325 (0131548P)
sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti β β β β Anderson 150909
stygia (L.) Essl. β ββ β Erskine 1193 (013157P)
Melanelixia
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O. Blanco et al β β βββ ββ βββ β ββ β ββ β ββ β Anderson 859 (039452P)
subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al β ββ βββ βββ ββ β βββ ββ ββ βββ β β βββ ββ β Casselman 90-14 (013163P)
Melanohalea
olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al β ββ ββ β β β β Anderson 694 (038987P)
septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. β β Clayden 0154 (NBM FL-06097)
Menegazzia
subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant. βββ β β β β βββ β β β β Anderson 885 (041554P)
terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. β β ββ β β ββ β β ββββ Anderson 788 (039454P)
Moelleropsis
nebulosa ssp. frullaniae Maass βββ ββ ββ ββ ββ βββ Maass 83A-17d(013165P)
Myelochroa
aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale β ββ β Clayden 5007(NBM FL-05415)
galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale βββ β βββ β ββ β Anderson 151062
Nephroma
arcticum (L.) Torss. β βββ Ireland 10592 (CANL35560)
bellum (Sprengel) Tuck. β ββ ββ β β β ββ βββ Sneddon 1170L (01374P)
helveticum Ach. ββ ββ ββ ββ β ββββββ ββββ ββ ββ ββ ββ Cameron (023131P)
laevigatum Ach. ββ β β β ββ β βββ ββ β ββββ βββ βββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββββ ββ β Erskine (013178P)
parile (Ach.) Ach. ββββ ββ β ββ β βββ β β ββ ββ β Casselman 90-12 (013179P)
resupinatum (L.) Ach. β β β ββ β Neily 242 (039038P)
Normandina
pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. ββ β ββββ β ββ β β β βββββ β β ββ Anderson C56 (031896P)
Pannaria
conoplea (Ach.) Bory ββ β βββ βββ β βββ ββ ββββ β βββ βββ Anderson 887(041556P)
lurida s.l. β βββ β ββ Neily (046570P)
rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory ββ βββ β β β β β ββ β ββ ββ β β Neily 212 (039491P)
Parmelia
fertilis MΓΌll. Arg. β βββ β β Clayden 0220 (NBM FL-06270)
omphalodes (L.) Ach. ββ β ββ β MacDonald (041505P)
saxatilis (L.) Ach. ββ ββ β ββ ββ β βββ β β ββ β ββ βββ β ββ β Sneddon 1618L (013203P)
squarrosa Hale ββ ββ βββ ββββ ββββ ββ β ββββ β βββ ββ ββ βββ ββββββ βββ βββ ββ ββββ ββ β Casselman 91-81 (013215P)
sulcata Taylor β ββ ββ βββ ββ β ββ ββββ β ββ ββ ββ β β ββββ βββ ββ β βββ Sneddon 1523L (013228P)
Parmeliella
appalachensis P. M. JΓΈrg. β ββ β Anderson 1320
parvula P. M. JΓΈrg. β β β ββ β βββ Neily (041535P)
triptophylla (Ach.) MΓΌll. Arg. βββ β βββ βββ βββ β β ββ β β βββ ββ βββ ββββ ββ βββ β Sneddon 1541L (013304P)
Parmelinopsis
horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale ββ Neily (038792P)
minarum (Vainio) Elix & Hale β ββ β ββ β Glenn (024675P)
Parmeliopsis
ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. β β Sneddon C1336 (013310P)
capitata R. C. Harris ex J. W. Hinds & P. L. Hinds β ββ β β β β β βββ β β β β β β Anderson 704 (038994P)
hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold β β β β β β Anderson 704 (038994P)
Parmotrema
crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy βββ β βββ βββ β ββ ββ βββ βββ ββββ βββ Erskine 1129 (013314P)
perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy ββ ββ β βββ βββ ββ βββ Richardson (016687P)
reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy β β β Neily 16 (041480P)
Peltigera
aphthosa (L.) Willd. βββ β β βββββββ ββ β ββ βββ βββ ββ ββ ββ ββ β ββ ββ Cameron 96-011 (022485P)
canina (L.) Willd. ββ βββ ββ β β β β ββ β ββ ββ Sneddon 1521L (013329P)
collina (Ach.) Schrader β ββ β ββ β Mrs.J.D.Lowe 1908 (FH)
degenii Gyelnik β β βββ β Anderson CC473 (035227P)
didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon β β β β β β β β β β Anderson 1241 (041536P)
elisabethae Gyelnik ββ ββ β β β β ββ β β β βββ Erskine 56C2719 (013319P)
evansiana Gyelnik βββ βββββ ββ β ββ ββ β β Neily 181 (039043P)
extenuata (Vainio) Lojka β β Anderson 1590897
Islands
Macrolichen species in NS Authorities Annapolis Antigonish Cape Breton Colchester Cumberland Digby Guysborough Halifax Hants Kings Inverness Lunenburg Pictou Queens Richmond Shelburne Victoria Yarmouth Brier Isl. Isle Haute Sable Isl. Scatarie Isl. Seal Isl. St.Paul Isl. Verification specimen
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. βββ β β ββ ββ ββ β β ββ ββ ββ β β β Erskine 50C1292 (013324P)
hydrothyria Miadl. & Lutzoni ββ ββ β ββ Anderson 14000
hymenina (Ach.) Delise β β β β ββ β β Erskine 54C2588 (013333P)
lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vainio) Bitter ββ Anderson 948 (039462P)
leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik β β ββ β β ββ ββ ββ β ββ β βββ Anderson (032823P)
malacea (Ach) Funck β Sneddon 219L (013348P)
membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. ββ ββ ββ ββ ββββ β βββ β ββ β ββ β β ββ β Sneddon 1557L (013338P)
neckeri Hepp ex MΓΌll. Arg. ββ β Hinds 4873
neopolydactyla (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ββ β β ββ β β ββ ββ β βββ β βββ β β Richardson (016683P)
occidentalis (E.Dahl) Kristinsson β Erskine 53C2433 (013327P)
ponojensis Gyelnik β β Speer (NBM FL-01435)
polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm. β βββ βββ β β β ββ ββββ β βββ β β ββ βββ A.R.Prince 6068 (FH)
praetextata (FlΓΆrke ex Sommerf.) Zopf ββ β ββ β β ββ β β β β β Anderson 910 (041722P)
rufescens (Weiss) Humb. β β β β ββββ β Erskine 53C2145 (013352P)
Phaeophyscia
adiastola (Essl.) Essl. β β β Neily 232 (039045P)
orbicularis (Necker) Moberg β β ββ β β ββ Anderson (039017P)
pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. β β ββ ββ Clayden (NBM FL-07188)
rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. β β ββ ββ β β β ββ β ββ ββ β β ββ ββ β β Casselman (013370P)
Phylliscum
demangeoni (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. β ββ Neily 943 (039463P)
Physcia
adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier β ββ β β β ββ β ββ β β β β ββ Casselman 93-311 (013573P)
aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) FΓΌrnr. β β β β β Anderson 871 (039464P)
caesia (Hoffm.) FΓΌrnr. β β β β β ββ Macoun (CANL18717)
dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau β β β ββ β Lamb 6659 (CANL18799)
millegrana Degel. β β ββ βββ β β β β β β Erskine 1348 (013380P)
phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson β β β β
stellaris (L.) Nyl. β β β ββββ ββ ββ βββ ββ βββ β β ββ β β β Macoun (CANL19103)
subtilis Degel. β β β Anderson 815 (039466P)
tenella (Scop.) DC. β ββ β Sneddon 15066 (013389P)
tenella var. marina (A. Nyl.) D. Hawksw. ββ β β ββ β ββ Sneddon C1169 (013376P)
Physconia
detersa (Nyl.) Poelt βββ βββ ββ β β β β Anderson C77 (031915P)
grumosa Kashiw. & Poelt β ββ ββ β β β β Anderson #14983 (NDSU)
Placidium
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss β β Anderson 14035
Placynthium
flabellosum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. βββ β ββ Anderson (039467P)
nigrum (Hudson) Gray ββ β β β Anderson 150886(P)
Platismatia
glauca (L.) W. L. Culb.. & C. F. Culb. β ββ ββ βββ ββ ββ ββββ βββ βββ β β ββ βββ β βββ βββ ββ β Erskine (013396P)
norvegica (Lynge) W. L. Culb.. & C. F. Culb. β β β βββ Anderson 14082(P)
tuckermanii (Oakes) W. L. Culb.. & C. F. Culb. β β β β ββ β β βββ ββ βββ β β β βββ β ββ β β Erskine (013443P)
Polychidium
muscicola (Sw.) Gray β β Neily 382 (041487P)
Protopannaria
pezizoides (Weber) P. M. JΓΈrg. & S. Ekman β ββ β β β β βββ ββ ββ β ββ ββββ Casselman (013197P)
Pseudevernia
cladonia (Tuck.) Hale & W. L. Culb. β β β β ββ Anderson C80 (031922P)
consocians (Vainio) Hale & W. L. Culb.. ββ Anderson 816 (039470P)
Pseudocyphellaria
perpetua McCune & Miadl. β β ββ ββ ββ ββββ β β ββ ββ β βββ β βββ Taschereau (013458P)
Psorula
rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider β Neily (039048P)
Psoroma
hypnorum (Vahl) Gray β Sneddon 2003L (013198P)
Punctelia
appalachensis (W. L. Culb..) Krog β ββ ββββ βββ ββ βββ β Neily (037839P)
rudecta (Ach.) Krog ββ β β ββββ βββ βββ ββ β β ββ ββ βββ β ββ βββββ β β β βββ Erskine 1222 (013467P)
Pycnothelia
papillaria Dufour β β β ββ ββ ββ ββ β ββ β β βββ βββ ββ Taschereau & Belliveau (013477P)
Pyxine
sorediata (Ach.) Mont. β ββ βββββ βββ β β ββ ββββ ββ β βββ β β Sneddon 423L(013483P)
Racodium
rupestre Pers. ββ β β ββ β Anderson 1325 (041479P)
Ramalina
americana Hale ββ β β ββ βββ ββ ββ β β ββ β βββ β β ββ Macoun (CANL16626)
dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. β ββ β β β βββ βββ β β β β ββ ββ βββ βββ ββ Erskine 1165 (013490P)
farinacea (L.) Ach. ββ ββββ β βββββ ββ ββ βββ βββ ββ ββ ββ β ββ βββ β ββ Lamb 6755(FH)
intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. β β β β β βββ β β β ββ β β β βββ β Macoun 69 (FH)
obtusata (Arnold) Bitter ββ Hinds 4878
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Hue β βββ ββ ββββ ββ β βββ β ββ βββ ββ ββββ β ββ ββββ β β β ββ LaGreca (016694P)
thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. β β βββ β ββ β β Anderson CC440 (035235P)
Rhizoplaca
subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant. β β Anderson 309 (046912P)
Santessionella
crossophylla (Tuck.) P. M. JΓΈrg. β Neily (BG)
Solorina
saccata (L.) Ach. ββ β ββ Neily (037840P)
Sphaerophorus
fragilis (L.) Pers. ββ ββββ β β ββ β β β Sneddon 1773L (013572P)
globosus (Hudson) Vainio β βββ ββ βββ β βββ ββ ββ β ββ β ββ ββ β βββ β β Lamb 6851 (FH)
Spilonema
revertens Nyl. ββ Neily (039048P)
Stereocaulon
condensatum Hoffm. β ββ Hinds 4365
dactyllophyllum FlΓΆrke ββ β βββ β β β ββ ββ β ββ ββ β β β β ββ ββ Lamb 7018 (CANL 70871)
dactyllophyllum var.occidentale(H. Magn.) I. M. Lamb β β Lamb 7028 (CANL 10221)
Islands
Macrolichen species in NS Authorities Annapolis Antigonish Cape Breton Colchester Cumberland Digby Guysborough Halifax Hants Kings Inverness Lunenburg Pictou Queens Richmond Shelburne Victoria Yarmouth Brier Isl. Isle Haute Sable Isl. Scatarie Isl. Seal Isl. St.Paul Isl. Verification specimen
depreaultii Delise ex Nyl. β Lamb 6811 (CANL 10373)
glaucescens Tuck. β β β β ββ Peterson #14(NBM FL-02601)
grande (H. Magn.) H. Magn. β β Lamb 6708 (FH)
intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn. β β β Roland 125 (CANL 67124)
paschale (L.) Hoffm. β β βββ β ββ ββ βββ ββ Lamb 6839 (CANL 10293)
pileatum Ach. β β β β ββ β β ββ β Lamb 6648 (CANL 10409)
saxatile H. Magn. β β β β β ββ β Lamb 6795 (CANL 10384)
subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. β β Harris (NY 1150128)
tomentosum Fr. β βββ βββ β β β β ββ ββ βββ Lamb 6878 (CANL 10458)
Sticta
fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach. ββ βββ ββ β βββ ββ ββ ββ β βββββ βββ Macoun (CANL 3398)
limbata (Sm.) Ach. ββ ββ β β β Anderson 639 (038998P)
Tuckermanopsis
americana (Sprengel) Hale β β β β ββ β β ββ β ββ β βββ β ββ β β ββ ββ β Richardson (016722P)
ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik βββ β β ββ β β β β Sneddon 105L (012485P)
orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai ββ ββ β β β β β ββ β β β βββ β β Sneddon 1852L (013610P)
sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale β ββ β β β Buck (NY1180017)
Umbilicaria
americana Poelt & T. H. Nash β β Cameron (023133P)
deusta (L.) Baumg. β β β β β ββ Sneddon (013617P)
hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. β β β Ireland 11920 (CANL 35671)
mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. βββ β β βββ β β ββ ββ Erskine (013629P)
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck βββ β β ββββββ ββ ββ β βββ β β β βββ β β Macoun 195 (FH)
polyphylla (L.) Baumg. β β ββ Brodo 19064 (CANL 37701)
polyrrhiza (L.) Fr β Richardson (016696P)
vellea (L.) Hoffm. β Clayden (NBM FL-07306)
Usnocetraria
oakesiana (Tuck.) A.Thell & Randlane β β ββ β Anderson C4 (03707P)
Usnea
cavernosa Tuck. β ββ Gillett 15683A (CANL 36514)
ceratina Ach. β β βββ β β β Anderson 820 (039476P)
chaetophora Stirton β β Anderson 446
cornuta s.l. KΓΆrber β β β β ββ β β ββ ββ ββ ββ ββ β Richardson 104 (041237P)
fibrillosa Motyka β Lamb 6814 (CANL 17099)
filipendula Stirton β β β ββ ββ β βββ ββββ ββ β ββ β ββ β ββ Brodo (CANL1211921)
flammea Stirton β β β β ββ Anderson 709 (038997P)
flavocardia RΓ€sΓ€nen ββ β β β Anderson 1027( 039497P)
fragilescens var. mollis (Vainio) Clerc β β β Casselman (013665P)
fulvoreagens (RΓ€sΓ€nen) RΓ€sΓ€nen β β β β β ββ β β β β β β β β Casselman (013666P)
glabrata (Ach.) Vainio β ββ Anderson 779 (039477P)
glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio β ββ Brodo (CANL121196)
hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. β β β ββ Brodo (CANL121203)
longissima Ach. β βββ β β β β β ββββ β βββ β β ββ ββ Erskine 1089 (013668P)
macaronesica P. Clerc ββ ββ β Anderson CC725
merrillii Motyka β ββ β β ββ βββ Anderson 1383
mutabilis Stirton β β β Cassselman (013669P)
rubicunda Stirton β ββ β β Anderson 1590757 (P)
scabrata Nyl. β β β ββ Macoun (CANL17220)
schadenbergiana GΓΆpp & Stein β β βββ ββ β ββ ββ ββ Anderson CC641 (038979P)
silesiaca Motyka β β β βββ β ββ ββ β β ββ Anderson CC493 (038978P)
strigosa (Ach.) Eaton s. lat. ββ β β β β ββ ββββ βββ β ββββ β β ββββ β βββ Sneddon C1323 (013673P)
subfloridana Stirton β ββ β β ββ β ββ β ββ β β β ββ ββ β ββ Cameron (031662P)
subrubicunda P. Clerc ββ Anderson 131
subscabrosa Motyka β β β ββ β ββ β β β Anderson 253
substerilis Motyka β Anderson 150378 (P)
trichodea Ach. β β β ββ ββ βββββ β βββ ββββ β β Macoun exic. #38 FH
Vahliella
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. JΓΈrg βββ β β β β Maass 83D-6b
Vulpicida
pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai β β β β ββ ββ ββ β β β ββ G.M. Murphy 130 (CANL6133)
Xanthoparmelia
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale ββ β βββ ββ β ββ ββ β βββ Erskine (013695P)
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale β β βββ ββ ββ ββ β β Erskine (013698P)
mougeotii (Schaerer) Hale ββ β Anderson 150609 (0469257P)
plittii (Gyelnk) Hale β β β β β Erskine (013694P)
tasmanica (Hooker f. & Taylor) Hale Anderson 150397
viriduloumbrina (Gyelnik) Lendemer β ββ ββ β Casselman 90-36 (013701P)
Xanthoria
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. ββ ββ β Erskine (013708P)
parietina (L.) Th. Fr. β β ββββ ββ βββ β ββ β ββ β ββ β ββ β β β βββ β β Erskine (013712P)
polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber ββ β ββ ββ β β β β β ββ Sneddon C937 (013713P)
Herbaria = β Personal Collections = β
ACAD = Acadia F. Anderson
BG = University of Bergen, Norway Sean Basquill
CANL = Canadian National Museum Rob Cameron
CBU = Cape Breton University Harold Clapp
H = Helsinki Jim Hinds
HF = Farlow Herbarium, Harvard Elisabeth Lay
NBM = New Brunswick Museum Wolfgang Maass
NYBG = New York Botanical Garden Tom Neily
NSDU = North Dakota State UniversityA.J. Roland (Kejimkujik National Park)
NSPM = Nova Scotia Museum Mark Seaward
UBC = University of British Columbia