Macintosh vs. Windows 95

8/14/2019 Macintosh vs. Windows 95

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First in a Series

I ts clear that the hype for Windows 95 got out of handWe take our share of responsibility for creating unreason-able expectations.

Brad Silverberg, Microsoft Senior Vice President forPersonal Systems (quoted inInfoWorld, June 12, 1995)

Apple agrees with Mr. Silverberg. Windows 95 is a majorupgrade to Windows 3.1, and it will undoubtedly sell wellbecause of Microsofts large installed base. But the producthas been relentlessly overhyped. One particular area ofinflated expectations has been the idea that a PC withWindows 95 is the equivalent of an Apple Macintosh

computer. I ts just not so.

A Macintosh is a complete computer system, includinghardware and software designed to work together. It s theonly personal computer system designed that way. Appleuses that advantage to drive forward the features and

functionality of the Macintosh, giving it new capabilitieslong before the PC, and making those features easy to use.

Because hardware and software in the IBM-compatibleworld are designed separately, i ts very common for peoplecomparing a Macintosh to a PC with Windows to focus onlyon operating system features. Thats very misleading.People use complete computer systems, not just hardwareor software alone. To compare computer systems accu-rately, you have to look at the overall features of bothhardware and software, and especially at how thosefeatures work together. Buying a computer by looking onlyat its operating system is like buying a horse by looking

only at its head.When you look at overall system features, Apple thinks it sclear that a Macintosh is a more advanced, more usefulcomputer than a PC with Windows. As Microsoft works toimplement features that Apple pioneered in the 1980s,Apple is moving on to the next generation of personalcomputing. In particular, the Macintosh has major advan-tages in four areas:

The Macintosh is more powerful Its easier to use It has much more advanced multi media Its compatible

Mac intosh Advantage s

More Powe rfulThe advanced RISC chips in Apples Power Macintosh

computers continue to give them as much as a 50%advantage in performanceeven more in areas such asmult imedia, simulations, and 3D graphics, which manypeople see as the next frontier of personal computing.

Easier To Use

Macintosh is well known as the leader in this area. AlthoughWindows 95 makes a PC look more like a Macintosh, itdoesnt always work like one. The Macintosh is still a loteasier to use, easier to network, and easier to configure.

More Advanced M ultimedia

While Windows celebrates its ability to play CDs, Macintoshis moving ahead to the next generation of mult imedia,including speech synthesis and recognition, advancedgraphics, video integration, and vir tual reality.

Compatible

It may seem strange to list this as a Macintosh advantage,but its an area in which Apple has made a big commitment.Macintosh systems today can read and wr ite to PC disks,and there are a wide range of compatibili ty opt ions that letMacintosh computers run DOS and Windows software,ranging from the SoftWindows software emulator to

hardware compatibil ity cards made by Apple and thirdparties. The most compatible mainstream personalcomputer on the market today is not a PC, but a DOS-compatible Power Macintosh.

In the 1980s, Macintosh led in the implementationof graphical user interfaces and desktop publishing.In the 1990s, Macintosh leads in the implementationof the next generation of features, including multimedia


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and RISC computing. The constant throughout is theMacintosh computers role as the functionality leader inpersonal comput ing.

Business ChangesIn addition to moving ahead on features, Apple is also

fundamentally reshaping its business model to makepeople feel more comfortable investing in the Macintoshplatform. Macintosh pricing is coming down, aggressively.Mac OS-compatible computers have been licensed for thefirst time. And Apple has entered into open alliances withIBM and Motorola for the PowerPC chip; and with Novell,IBM, Adobe, and a host of other companies for OpenDoc

software.

Another area in which Apple is focused on improving ismarketing. Explaining the unique benefits of a Macintosh,and the elements of the Macintosh strategy, is Apples topmarketing priority. This document is just one example ofthat commitment.

All these changes, taken together, mark a profoundimprovement in Macintosh as a product and as a business.We think they make a Macintosh a much more attractivecomputer for homes, schools, and businesses.

Questions or Comme nts?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com.

1995 Apple Computer . All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, OpenDoc and Power Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, In c., registered in the U.S. and other juri sdictions. Mac is a trademark of AppleComputer, I nc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other b rand names mentio ned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


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#2 Performance

SummaryAn Apple Power Macintosh computer was more than50% faster than a comparable Intel Pentium processor-based PC running Windows, in independent tests using avariety of real-world applications. The Macintosh advan-tage was even more substantial in graphics and technical

programs. This gives a Macintosh computer the perfor-mance high ground in the industry transition towardgraphical, media-intensive computing. This is part of aseries of short reports on the contrasts between aMacintosh computer and a PC with Windows 95. To seeother entries in the series, visit us on the Inter-net athttp://www.apple.com/whymac/.

The Ma cintosh AdvantageThe PowerPC chips used in Macintosh systems oftenoutperform Intel Pentium chips, sometimes by a widemargin. For example, a Power Macintosh 9500/120outperformed a 120-MHz Pentium computer by 52% overall

in independent benchmarks.* The Macintosh performanceadvantage was even greater in some areathe scientific andtechnical applications tested were an average of 73% faster,and in graphics and publishing the Macintosh was 85%faster.

The tests were run on real applications, performing typicalcomputing tasks. Programs tested included Excel,DeltaGraph, Word, Vellum, FoxPro, ClarisWorks, Freehand,Mathematica, Painter, and FrameMaker.

What others have said:

The 132 MHz 604-based Power Mac leaves 133 MHzPentium in the dust.PC Week, June 19, 1995

The [ Power Macintosh 9500] 120-MHz beta unit we testedwas so damn speedy we were forced to revamp our suite ofbenchmarks to accommodate it.InfoWorld, June 19, 1995

What It M eans For UsersFirst and most obviously, if youre using a Pentiumprocessor-based computer for technical work or graphics,you may be wasting your time. But power is important toevery sort of user. If youre a business user, it meansbusiness graphics programs such as DeltaGraph run faster

and more efficiently on the Macintosh, making yourorganization more productive. If youre a home user, thatextra power lets you run games like LucasArts Dark Forcesin higher resolution, and lets you try out innovative new 3Dgames that arent available or arent as effective for the PC,such as Marathon and F/A-18. If you work in education,more power means the computer can handle morecomplex, realistic simulations and other learning tools. Italso means the computer is less likely to become obsolete,an important issue for schools that cant replace theircomputers frequently.

What About the Future?

Look at what Intel and Microsoft say the computers of thefuture will dovideo, sound, 3D, etc. Macintosh does thosethings very well today. Apple is moving ahead to futureversions of the PowerPC chip, and has shipped the new 604chip already. Meanwhile, Intel is sti ll trying to jump-startthe P6 transitionand there are serious doubts aboutwhether Windows 95 will see any major performancebenefits from it. Intel has not been clear on its long-termplans for P7 or the processor i ts developing with Hewlett-Packard, and when either one will ship. Once again,Macintosh is delivering the future of personal computingahead of time.

Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com.


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#3 Powerful Programs

SummarySoftware developers are creating great new programsthey couldn t create before, and supercharging theirexisting ones, using the extra power of the PowerPC

chips in Apples new Power Macintosh computers.From scientific modeling with programs like Mathe-

matica, to multimedia tools such as Stratas StudioPro,to games like F/A-18 Hornet 2.0 from GraphicSimulations Corp. and Marathon by Bungie Software,developers are creating exciting new programs that areavailable only on the Apple Macintosh, or performbetter in their Macintosh versions.

This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween a Macintosh computer and a PC with Windows95. To see previous entries in the series, visit us on theInternet at http:/ /www.apple.com/whymac/

The Ma cintosh Advantage

Theres a myth in the computer industry that nosoftware is being developed for the Macintoshplatform. The reality is very different. Sales of applica-tions for the Macintosh platform actually grew fasterthan PC application sales in 1994. There are more than6,000 Macintosh-compatible programs on the markettoday, and more than 500 of those are Macintosh-only.* Many more run on both Macintosh andWindows but do special things on the Macintosh thatthey dont on the PC. For a few quick examples, letslook at the areas of scientific computing, multimedia,and home entertainment.

Scientific computing. Mathematica is one of thepremier programs for solving complex mathematicalequations and graphing the results in 3D. Its usedheavily by engineers, scientists, financial analysts,educators, and students, and is available in versionsthat run on a PC with Windows, Macintosh, and manydifferent brands of workstations. Mathematica uses

a lot of computing power, and its users actively benchmark iton different computer systems and share their results on theInternet. In the results Apple has seen, Power Macintoshcomputers generally produced results comparable to com-puter workstations costing thousands of dollars more, and inmost cases Power Macintosh computers were significantly

faster than Pentium computers running at the same clockspeed. In some tests, 66-MHz Power Macintosh computerseven finished faster than 90-MHz Pentium systems.

Multimedia. The power of Power Macintosh makes itpossible to bring workstation-style graphics and multimediacapabili ties to the personal computer for the fi rst t ime. Justas desktop publishing evolved down from a workstation-level task to something anyone could do, Apple expectsadvanced multimedia and 3D graphics to become common-place because they can help anyone communicate moreeffectively.

There are more than 150 multimedia and graphics pro-grams that run exclusively on the Macintosh platform. Onegood example is Strata Inc.s StudioPro, a very powerful 2Dand 3D drawing and animation program. Its featuresinclude raytracing, anti -aliasing, morphing, and Hollywood-style special effects. For more information on StudioPro,see the Internet address below.

Home Entertai nment. Many people assume thatto play the best games, you have to get a PC. Theredefinitely are a large number of games for the PC,and thats one of the reasons Apple now offers DOS/Windows compatibil ity features for selected models

of Macintosh Performa

home computers. But the otherpart of the story is that more than 70 great home entertain-ment titles run only on the Macintosh platform, includingsome exciting new games that take special advantage of thepower of Power Macintosh. Two examples are F/A-18Hornet 2.0 by Graphic Simulations Corp. and Marathon byBungie Software.


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Marathon is a 3D action game set in a spaceship that hasbeen attacked by alien creatures. It takes advantage of thePower Macintosh to create high-resolution graphics,realistic stereo sounds, and more realistic physical model-ing, all with very high performance. And because of the

built-in networking of the Macintosh, its incredibly easy formult iple players to join the same game.

F/A-18 Hornet 2.0 is a Macintosh-only fl ight simulator thatincludes recorded radio messages from the ground and air.Several users can play over a network, and at the recentMacWorld show in Boston, the company showed off a newmodule depicting conflict in Korea.

What It Means For UsersThe power of a Power Macintosh means a lot more thanthe abili ty to run fast gaussian blurs in Photoshop. Havingmore power lets software developers create and explorenew things they couldn t have tried before, and makesexisting programs run faster and better. Thats true foreveryone from game players to scientists to teachers tographic artists.

Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competition@ applelink.apple.com

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and Perfor ma are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Mac is a trademark of Appl eComputer, I nc. PowerPC is a trademark of I BM used under l icense. All other br and names mention ed are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.

To get more information on the products mentioned inthis document, visit these Internet addresses:

Macintosh flight simulation page(Includes reviews, in formati on, and links to Web sites on

most major Macintosh platform flight simulators, severalof which are Macintosh-only)http://www.xmission.com/~ morrison/MFS/home.html

F/A-18 Hornet 2.0 informati onhttp://graphsim.com/graphsim/ourprods.htmlhttp://www.computek.net/graphsim/hornet2.0.html

Marathon(Includes Marathon information and l inks to otherMarathon sites)http://general.amug.org/~ marathon/cantina

Strata Inc. home page(In formati on on the companys products)http://www.strata3d.com

Wolfram Research home page(Extensive information on Mathematica)http://www.wri.com

*Macintosh applicati on sales accordi ng to Software Publi shers Associati on. Macin toshappli cation in stall ed base according to Computer Select. Macintosh-only appli cation saccording to Catalano Consulting.


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#4 Virtual Reality

SummaryUsing Apple QuickTime VR software, people can takevirtual reality tours of museums and landmarks on theother side of the world, view buildings that havent yetbeen built, and even visit imaginary places that dont exist.Nothing equivalent to QuickTime VR is available today from

Microsoft.This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween an Apple Macintosh computer and a PC withWindows 95. To see previous entries in the series, visit uson the Internet at http://www.apple.com/whymac/

The Ma cintosh AdvantageQuickTime VR lets personal computers display 360-degreepanoramic movies. Users can move forward and backwardthrough the images, pan left to right and up and down, andselect objects for close-up 360-degree views. The imagescan either be photographs taken with a standard 35-mm

camera, or synthetic images made by a computer. This letspeople explore 3D spaces and examine objects up closewithout buying add-on hardware such as graphics accelera-tor cards, floating point processors, helmets, goggles,joysticks, or gloves.

Panoramic movies made with QuickTime VR use as little as150K of disk space. Thousands of panoramas can fit on asingle CD-ROM, providing developers with the opportunityto create a rich and realistic three-dimensional userexperience. Minimum system requirements are a 68030-based Macintosh or an 80386 Intel-based computer withWindows.

Although QuickTime VR runs on both Macintosh andWindows computers, i t is enhanced to take advantageof the higher performance of PowerPC chips. Apples in-house testing shows that users can get smoother, morerealistic motion from Power Macintosh computers thanfrom Pentium computers.

Microsoft has demonstrated Windows-based software thatit says will be similar to QuickTime VR, but it is not yetavailable and as far as Apple can determine, no shipmentdate has been announced.

Copies of the QuickTime VR player and sample moviescan be downloaded from the World Wide Web at:http://qtvr.quicktime.apple.com

What It M eans For Users In education, students will be able to explore, from their

desks, a myriad of worlds in 3D. In seconds they couldgo from visiting Egyptian pyramids in Africa to Mayanpyramids in Central America. They could visit museumswithout gett ing on a bus, and even look at objects not ondisplay in the real museum.

At home, in addition to making it easier and more fun forchildren to learn, QuickTime VR will make homeshopping much more interactive and compelling. Its

also great for entertainment; one of the first QuickTimeVR applications was an interactive tour of the StarshipEnterprise, published by Simon & Schuster.

In business, users will create 3D sales presentations inwhich the customer can see the product photographi-cally, from all sides. Architects, engineers, and designerswill also benefit from QuickTime VRs abili ty to realisti-cally display buildings or products that dont yet exist.

What About the Future?Apple has demonstrated future versions of QuickTime VRthat include localized sound (sounds and volume change

depending on where the user is looking) and the abilityto add motion to the panoramic movies. The release datefor these features has not yet been announced.


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For more informati on on the Star Trek TNG Interactive

Technical Manual, use the Internet: http://www.mcp.com/musoft/ssint/newtip.html

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and QuickTIme are tr ademarks of Apple Computer , Inc., registered in t he U.S. and other jur isdictio ns. Macis a trademark of Apple Computer, In c. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentio ned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


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#5 At Ease Security

SummaryAt Ease is a security program that lets people share anApple Macintosh computer while protecting importantapplications and documents. It can protect files from youngchildren at home, or prevent unauthorized configurationchanges to a shared computer at work. At Ease also

includes a simplified interface, with powerful features liketalking but tons, that makes it very easy for young childrento use the computer. It is bundled with every MacintoshPerforma home computer, and is available in a specialnetworked version for business and schools.

This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween a Macintosh computer and a PC with Windows 95.To see previous entries in the series, visit us on the Internetat http://www.apple.com/whymac/

The Ma cintosh AdvantageAt Ease offers a choice of user-friendly interfaces that can

be customized for every age and experience level: Young people and computer novices can use the

simplified At Ease desktop, with its large buttons andfolders.

A restr icted version of the normal Macintosh interfacewith complete security is available for more experiencedusers.

The normal Macintosh interface is available for autho-rized, full-access users.

Menus let you quickly designate which desktop eachperson will use. You can easily control each users ability toopen, delete, copy, or rename specific files. You can alsoassign passwords to each user. At Ease can control wheredocuments are saved, and can even limit saving to onlyfloppy disks.

Unlike Windows 95, At Ease lets you easily match the userinterface to each persons age and level of computerexperience. At Ease makes it much easier for kids to use thecomputer. The At Ease shell has large one-click buttons tomake it easy for children to access files and applications.There are also talking buttons for those just learning to read.

And each persons files are in a single folder so they can easilyorganize their own documents. With At Ease you can simplyand easily authorize access to specific programs and files,protect system settings, and assign passwords.

At Ease supports up to 40 users on one computer, so itsperfect for small businesses and classrooms. For enterprisesystems (whether large school labs or businesses), At Easefor Workgroups supports up to 4,000 users over a network,and includes advanced features like activity logging (tracksshared application usage and duration by user) and theabili ty for an administrator to configure At Ease from anyMacintosh on the network. At Ease is bundled with all

Macintosh Performa computers, and is available at asuggested retail price of U.S. $37. At Ease for Workgroupshas a suggested retail price of U.S. $295 for 10 systems.Volume licenses and school site licenses are also available.

At Ease is available in most major languages, includingEnglish, Japanese, French, German, Italian, Finnish,Norwegian, and Swedish.

What It M eans For UsersIn homes, At Ease lets parents feel good about sharing theirfamily Macintosh. Young children can use the computerthrough the simplified At Ease desktop without risk of having

files deleted or unauthorized applications opened. At Easelets parents and older children have full or restricted access.Parents can even control which CDs children can access.


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In schools, At Ease provides security and prevents acciden-tal file deletion and other system changes. At Ease offers asimpl ified user interface for young users and a restrictedinterface for more experienced students. Teachers andauthorized users can have full access. At Ease also letsteachers designate where students save their work, andthey can set up drop boxes for students to hand in theirwork electronically.

In business, At Ease makes it much easier for IS managersto prevent unauthorized configuration changes toMacintosh computers. This is especially important whenMacintosh computers are shared by a workgroup. Access tothe hard drive can be prevented if necessary, and users canbe limited to saving files only in certain locations.

What About the Future?Apples plans for the future of At Ease include making itmore flexible, giving greater network management, and

allowing even more user customization.


For more infor mati on on At Ease, use the Internet:

At Ease: http://www.austin.apple.com:80/productin fo/datasheets/as/atease3.0.html

At Ease for Workgroups: http://www.austin.apple. com:80/

productinfo/datasheets/as/ateasewg.html

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and Perfor ma are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Mac andAt Ease are tr ademarks of Appl e Computer, I nc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under l icense. All oth er brand names mentioned are r egistered trademarks or t rademarks of their respective holders, and are herebyacknowledged.


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#6 Advanced Graphics

SummaryQuickDrawGX is a drawing environment that extends theApple Macintosh computers lead in advanced graphicsand text. Its a richer drawing environment than the one inWindows 95, and handles type fonts, especially internationallanguages, much more flexibly. Application developers are

starting to use QuickDraw GX to create powerful drawingprograms that literally do things you cant do on any otherpersonal computer. For many customers, especially thosein international markets and graphics users anywhere,QuickDraw GX represents an important difference betweena Macintosh and a PC with Windows 95.



QuickDraw GX is an integrated imaging technology providingadvanced printing, graphics, type, and document portabilityfeatures. Users can take immediate advantage of manyQuickDraw GX printing features with their existing software.Developers can build on QuickDraw GX to provide graphics,color, and type formatting capabilities unmatched inapplications today.

Print ing in QuickDraw GX is fully extensible. You can runprinting extensions that modify a print job beyondwhat the application does. For example, a printingextension can add a custom watermark to each page.(A watermark is text or graphics, such as the word

Confidential or draft, that is printed in light gray inthe background of each page. Most programs cant createwatermarks, but QuickDraw GX can add them automati-cally without modification of the program.)

A printing extension can also be a custom solution thatintegrates printing into a business environment byproviding password protection, consumable andprocessing t ime billing, and customer tracking features.

QuickDraw GX provides advanced drawing functions likescale, skew, and perspective, which are not included inWindows 95. Additionally, QuickDraw GX can mix colorsin real time. In other drawing environments today,moving a yellow circle over a blue square does notautomatically give you a green intersectionyou have torun a filter or macro that calculates the intersection andcreates a separate intersected object fi lled with theappropriate color. QuickDraw GX mixes colors in realtimejust drag one shape over the other and the colorscan mix automatically. Just like in the real world.

Type in QuickDraw GX is automatically formatted(to produce advanced features such as ligatures),

and automatically supports international script systemsand reading directions (right to left, left to right, vertical,above and below a baseline, etc.) . Windows 95 does nothave equivalent functionality. Microsofts closest answeris a font format called TrueType Open. It allows thecreation of fonts with ligatures and other advancedcharacters, but it s just a spec for a font formatdevelopers have to wri te their own display technologyin order to use the fonts. In Apples view, thats theprogramming equivalent of selling someone a sack offlour instead of a chocolate cake.


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What It Means For UsersAlthough QuickDraw GX is valuable for almost all users(because everyone can benefit from better-looking printingand graphics), it has the greatest immediate impact ongraphic artists and users outside the U.S.

QuickDraw GX applications make it easier for usersto create complex graphics and documents. Internationally,QuickDraw GX enables developers to create products that,for the first time, allow many computer users to write theway that they were taught in schoolwith no awkwardformatt ing or grammatical compromises imposed by thecomputer.

Some key applications that use QuickDraw GX include LariSoftwares LightningDraw GX, Ready,Set,Go!GX fromManhattan Graphics, and UniQorn from SoftPress.


To be frank, early developer adoption of QuickDraw GXwas slow, and some users had technical problems with thefirst version of it. There has been a warmer response to thenew version of QuickDraw GX, which comes bundled withApples Macintosh 7.5 operating system (for an example ofthe coverage, see MacWeek, February 27, 1995, p. 1). Applebelieves that the functionality of QuickDraw GX is thefuture of personal computer graphics, and is committed tomake it a compelling benefit for every user.

Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com

For more information on compani es and products

mentioned in this document, use the Internet:

SoftPress Systems:http://www.macfaq.com/vendor /software/996.html

Lar i Software:http://www.macfaq.com/vendor /software/580.html

Manhattan Graphics:http://www.macfaq.com/vendor /software/655.html

QuickDraw GX:http://www.info.apple.com/gx/gx.htmlhttp://www2.waikato.ac.nz/ldo/gx/intro.html

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and oth er juri sdictions. Mac and QuickDr aw aretrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


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#7 Compatibility

SummaryThe most compatible mainstream personal computer onthe market today is a DOS compatible Apple PowerMacintosh computer, because it s the only one set up torun software for DOS, Windows, and Macintosh. This is amajor departure from the situation in the past, in which

users were forced to make a religious choice of eitherMacintosh or DOS/Windows. Now they can have both. The# 1 reason computer customers have given in the past fornot buying a Macintosh computer is lack of DOS/Windowscompatibility,* so this makes a big change in the marketsituation.



A variety of hardware and software products allowMacintosh computers to run applications written for DOSand Windows. They include:

Hardware add-in boards and bundled systems fromApple. These add an Intel-compatible microprocessorand the associated circuitry needed to run DOS andWindows.

Hardware add-in boards from Reply Corp.

New PCI-based hardware boards from Orange Micro.

A new software emulator from Insignia Solut ions, calledSoftWindows 2.0 (the emulator lets the PowerPC chipimitate an x86 chip and run software written for it). Thenew version of SoftWindows includes Enhanced Modesupport, greatly increasing its flexibility. A version of theproduct specially optimized for Windows 95 is planned.

Taken together, these products let people buy the mostadvanced personal computer, a Macintosh, without givingup anything else. They make it possible for a Macintosh torun more software than any other mainstream personalcomputer.

Heres what some prominent publications have said:

Overall, the DOS Compatible Power Mac makes a superbPC, especially with a Mac wrapped around it to handle themessy details of attaching peripherals.Byte Magazine, April 1995

With the Power Macintosh 6100/66 DOS Compatible,Apple Computer broadens the appeal of the Mac platformbeyond the companys traditional user base.PC Magazine, April 11, 1995.

I f youre split ting your t ime between a Mac and PC, Applesnew Power Macintosh 6100 DOS Compatible can save you

money and desk space, with no performance trade-offs oneither side.PC Computing, April 13, 1995

Apple has once again pushed closer to the Holy Grail ofcomputing, a single machine that can operate DOS,Windows, and Macintosh programs.NY Times, February 21, 1995

Apple-labeled compatibili ty products include the PowerMacintosh 6100/66 DOS Compatible computer, the DOSCompatibility Card for Power Macintosh 6100 andPerforma 6100 Series, the Macintosh LC 630 DOSCompatible (in some markets), and the Performa 640CDDOS Compatible computer (USA only). Third-partyhardware and software compatibil ity productsare available for many other Macintosh models.


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What It Means For UsersIn the home, compatibili ty is important for both homeoffice usage and for family computing. Home office usersoften have many different clients. While some of theseclients may work in a Macintosh environment, others mayuse PCs. Apples cross-platform computers give home officeusers the flexibility to use the same applications and files astheir clients. For family computing, this flexibility meanschildren can use the same Macintosh software that theyencounter in schools, and adults can bring work homefrom the office, even if was created using a DOS orWindows application.

Smal l businesses. Unlike large corporations, these userstypically dont have computer support staff to help themmake the technology work. The appeal of a Macintoshpersonal computer is that it is very easy to set up, learn,use, and extend, so they can focus on running their

business instead of wrestl ing with technology. Despitethese benefits, many of these people have historicallychosen a PC instead of a Macintosh because they need torun a vertical application written only for DOS. With Applescross-platform computers, small business can access theseapplications without giving up the superior functionality ofa Macintosh.

Organizations. Corporate customers can take advantageof the proven Macintosh superiority in terms of userproductivity, lower l ife-cycle costs, and pr ice/performance,without giving up the ability to run corporate-mandatedDOS or Windows applications, or to access mainstream

networks from either the Mac OS or DOS/Windows.Education. Schools that install DOS-compatibleMacintosh computers can teach students to use DOS andWindows, without giving up access to the superior learningtools and features of a Macintosh. And for students headingoff to college, with no way to predict which classes theylltake and what applications theyll need, Apples cross-platform Macintosh computers are a very safe bet.

What About the Future?Apple is committed to making DOS/Windows compatibilityavailable even more broadly in its product line. We expecthardware and software compatibil ity products to beavailable for Apples future Macintosh systems, from bothApple and/or third party developers.

Questions or Comme nts?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com.

For more in formati on on the products mentioned in thisbri ef, use the Internet:

Insignia Solutions SoftWindows:http://www.insignia.com/

For a review of SoftWindows 2.0 runningWindows 95, see:

http://www.zdnet.com/~ macweek/mw_07-31-95/mac_manager.html

Orange Micro compatibil ity products [briefinformation]:http://www.info.apple.com/productinfo/factsheets/pciproductdir.html

Reply Corporation DOSon Macintosh card:http://www.reply.com/httpdocs/apple.htm

Apples compatibil ity products:http://www.austin.apple.com:80/productinfo/datasheets/dt/pmdoscompatible6100-66.html[This takes you straight to the data sheet for the PowerMacintosh 6100 DOScompatible.]

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and Perfor ma are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Mac andMac OSare trademarks of Apple Comput er, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under li cense. All ot her brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or tr ademarks of th eir respective holder s, and are herebyacknowledged.

*Source: Apple internal market research.


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Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#8 Scripting and More

SummarySoftware features built into the Apple Macintosh

computer, including AppleScript script ing and AppleGuide help, give developers and users extremely powerfulways to extend the features of the Macintosh and customizethem for specific tasks. Script ing is not included in

Windows 95, and its an important Macintosh advantage.This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween a Macintosh computer and a PC with Windows 95.To see previous entries in the series, visit us on the Internetat http://www.apple.com/whymac

The Ma cintosh AdvantageAppleScript is a script ing language integrated into theMac OS. It allows users and developers to automateroutine or highly complex tasks. New tasks can be writtenor recorded by the user.

AppleScript allows developers (both commercial and

in-house) to create custom solutions by integrating hundredsof off-the-shelf scriptable applications. Programs that supportAppleScript include Claris FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Excel,Microsoft Word, Novell/Word-Perfects WordPerfect, QuarkXPress, FrameMaker, SoftWindows, and many others. Agrowing suite of third-party tools supports AppleScript,including Apples HyperCard, Main Events Scripter, PreFabSoftwares Player, Software Designs Unlimiteds Face-Span,and a lot more.

Developers can combine AppleScript solutions with otherpowerful Apple technologies, such as Apple Guide. AppleGuide is the electronic help system built into everyMacintosh computer. It leads a user through specificprocedures one step at a time by pointing out exactlywhere to click the mouse or type. It is used heavily by anumber of Macintosh developers (for example, InsigniaSolutions Soft Windows 2.0 uses Apple Guide to provideelectronic help for people running DOS and Windows

programs on a Macintosh.) Custom Apple Guide files canbe created to help a user work through an AppleScriptsolution.

The AppleScript language supports localized dialects whichmake it easier for non-English speakers to work withAppleScript. Dialects currently available are French andJapanese (two of Apples largest markets).

Finally, no discussion of Macintosh script ing wouldbe complete without mentioning UserLand Frontier.Frontier is a very powerful third-party scripting environ-ment, available only for the Macintosh. It extends thecapabilities of AppleScript in many ways. The latest versionof Frontier, now in beta, includes powerful links to Internetscripting.

Windows 95 does not include a built-in scripting language.

What It M eans For Users

For technically skil led users, scripting is a very powerful wayto customize a Macintosh computer and automate tasks. Fornontechnical users, scripting itself involves some learning (itis not for completely nontechnical users), but anyone canbenefit from the custom solutions created by people who docreate scripts.

Some of the most dramatic uses of Macintosh scriptingtoday are in automating business tasks. For instance,script ing can automate tasks such as importing informationinto a database. A more complex example would be toautomate the creation of a catalog by combining a desktoppublishing application, image database, and text informa-

tion on products. Another example is that the scriptingfeatures in SoftWindows mean a script on the Macintoshcan actually execute Windows commands.

Macintosh developers are driving script ing in otherinteresting directions, many of them involving the Internet(such as combining script ing and the World Wide Web to


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make it more interactive and extensible). We cant dojustice to this work in a short document because so much isgoing on; if youre interested, the best thing to do is checkthe references below for more information and examples.


Apple is planning additional extensions to makeAppleScript more powerful and easier to work with,but details on the plans have not been made public.


1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and HyperCard are trademarks of Apple Comput er, Inc., registered in the U.S. and oth er juri sdictions. AppleScript, and Mac aretrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.

For more information on topics mentioned in this note,use the Internet:

General Macin tosh scripting information:http://mmm.dartmouth.edu/pages/macscripting/

macscripting-home.htmlhttp://www.gz.com/scriptweb/http://www.ul tranet.com/~ mfenner/applescript.htmlftp://gaea.kgs.ukans.edu/applescript/00applescript.faq

For i nformation on the Macintosh scriptinge-mail li st:http://cy-mac.welc.cam.ac.uk/a_script.html

PreFab Software:http://www.tiac.net/prefab/index.html

Frontier 3.0:http://www.hotwired.com/staff/userland/aboutfrontier30_313.html

WordPerfect:http://www.wordperfect.com/

Frame Technology:http://www.frame.com/

SoftWindows 2.0: http://www.insignia.com/marcom/datasheets/SoftWindows_20_DataSheet.html

Claris FileMaker Pro:http://www.claris.com/Products/FMPro/DataSheet.html


16/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#8 Scripting and More

SummarySoftware features built into the Apple Macintosh

computer, including AppleScript script ing and AppleGuide help, give developers and users extremely powerfulways to extend the features of the Macintosh and customizethem for specific tasks. Script ing is not included in

Windows 95, and its an important Macintosh advantage.This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween a Macintosh computer and a PC with Windows 95.To see previous entries in the series, visit us on the Internetat http://www.apple.com/whymac

The Ma cintosh AdvantageAppleScript is a script ing language integrated into theMac OS. It allows users and developers to automateroutine or highly complex tasks. New tasks can be writtenor recorded by the user.

AppleScript allows developers (both commercial and

in-house) to create custom solutions by integrating hundredsof off-the-shelf scriptable applications. Programs that supportAppleScript include Claris FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Excel,Microsoft Word, Novell/Word-Perfects WordPerfect, QuarkXPress, FrameMaker, SoftWindows, and many others. Agrowing suite of third-party tools supports AppleScript,including Apples HyperCard, Main Events Scripter, PreFabSoftwares Player, Software Designs Unlimiteds Face-Span,and a lot more.

Developers can combine AppleScript solutions with otherpowerful Apple technologies, such as Apple Guide. AppleGuide is the electronic help system built into everyMacintosh computer. It leads a user through specificprocedures one step at a time by pointing out exactlywhere to click the mouse or type. It is used heavily by anumber of Macintosh developers (for example, InsigniaSolutions Soft Windows 2.0 uses Apple Guide to provideelectronic help for people running DOS and Windows

programs on a Macintosh.) Custom Apple Guide files canbe created to help a user work through an AppleScriptsolution.

The AppleScript language supports localized dialects whichmake it easier for non-English speakers to work withAppleScript. Dialects currently available are French andJapanese (two of Apples largest markets).

Finally, no discussion of Macintosh script ing wouldbe complete without mentioning UserLand Frontier.Frontier is a very powerful third-party scripting environ-ment, available only for the Macintosh. It extends thecapabilities of AppleScript in many ways. The latest versionof Frontier, now in beta, includes powerful links to Internetscripting.

Windows 95 does not include a built-in scripting language.

What It M eans For Users

For technically skil led users, scripting is a very powerful wayto customize a Macintosh computer and automate tasks. Fornontechnical users, scripting itself involves some learning (itis not for completely nontechnical users), but anyone canbenefit from the custom solutions created by people who docreate scripts.

Some of the most dramatic uses of Macintosh scriptingtoday are in automating business tasks. For instance,script ing can automate tasks such as importing informationinto a database. A more complex example would be toautomate the creation of a catalog by combining a desktoppublishing application, image database, and text informa-

tion on products. Another example is that the scriptingfeatures in SoftWindows mean a script on the Macintoshcan actually execute Windows commands.

Macintosh developers are driving script ing in otherinteresting directions, many of them involving the Internet(such as combining script ing and the World Wide Web to


17/42

make it more interactive and extensible). We cant dojustice to this work in a short document because so much isgoing on; if youre interested, the best thing to do is checkthe references below for more information and examples.


Apple is planning additional extensions to makeAppleScript more powerful and easier to work with,but details on the plans have not been made public.


1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and HyperCard are trademarks of Apple Comput er, Inc., registered in the U.S. and oth er juri sdictions. AppleScript, and Mac aretrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


General Macin tosh scripting information:http://mmm.dartmouth.edu/pages/macscripting/

macscripting-home.htmlhttp://www.gz.com/scriptweb/http://www.ul tranet.com/~ mfenner/applescript.htmlftp://gaea.kgs.ukans.edu/applescript/00applescript.faq

For i nformation on the Macintosh scriptinge-mail li st:http://cy-mac.welc.cam.ac.uk/a_script.html

PreFab Software:http://www.tiac.net/prefab/index.html

Frontier 3.0:http://www.hotwired.com/staff/userland/aboutfrontier30_313.html

WordPerfect:http://www.wordperfect.com/

Frame Technology:http://www.frame.com/

SoftWindows 2.0: http://www.insignia.com/marcom/datasheets/SoftWindows_20_DataSheet.html

Claris FileMaker Pro:http://www.claris.com/Products/FMPro/DataSheet.html


18/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#9 Speech

SummaryThe Apple Macintosh computer is far ahead of PCsrunning Windows 95 in its abili ty to generate and recognizespeech. Every Macintosh computer sold in the U.S. todayhas the ability to speak; PowerPC-based Macintoshmodels equipped with Apples speech recognit ion software

can also respond to spoken commands. PC speech doesless, costs more, requires dedicated hardware support, andis poorly integrated with the overall computer system.Speech is one of the ways in which Macintosh multimedia ismoving far ahead of the Windows PC platform.


The Ma cintosh AdvantageSpeech synthesis, also known as text-to-speech, can

run on all Macintosh systems shipping today and is used ineducation and entertainment applications. Speechrecognition runs on PowerPC-based Macintosh models andis bundled on the new Power Macintosh 7500 and 8500models (the software will also be available for downloadingon the Internet, eWorld,AppleLink, and on the latestMacOS CD, version 7.5.2). With speech recognition youcan use spoken commands to execute common desktoptasks like opening f iles and folders, starting applications,switching applications, and closing windows.

On the PC, by contrast, speech does much less. TheMicrosoft Sound System, for instance, requires a hardware

add-in board and cant truly speak text; it can only play backrecorded voice clips, something the Macintosh has beenable to do, with no add-in card, for 10 years. Speechrecognition with the Microsoft Sound System also requiresadd-in hardware and must be trained repeatedly before youcan use it. Macintosh speech recognition requires notraining.

Speech rec ognitionMacintosh speech recognition includes a productivity utilitycalled Speakable Items. Any icon can be made speakable byplacing its alias in the Speakable Items folder; speaking itsname is then like a double click; it opens or launches thespoken i tem. The item itself can reside anywhere on a hard

drive or server, buried in the hierarchy of folders. Forexample, a user wanting to check her stock portfolio withoutopening four folders and launching an application, would justsay check stocks, and the Macintosh would do the rest.

Speakable items can also be AppleScript files, meaningusers can execute an almost unlimited series of actions byspeaking a single command. Example scripts are providedwith the software.

Apples speech software can recognize virtually any English-speaking voice, even those with an accent. Misfires, acommon speech recognition problem, have been virtually

eliminated. (Misfires happen when a computer mistakessome other sound for a command; to combat this, Applessoftware allows the user to specify a name for the computerthat must be spoken before a command, or to cut off allspeech recognition unless a specific key is pressed on thekeyboard.)

Speech SynthesisApples speech synthesis software comes with 22 user-selectable voices, ranging from serious business versions tofun voices like a talking robot and a person speakingunderwater. The voices also let users select whether theywant higher speech quality or a smaller memory footprint.

Game developers, educational software developers, andCD-ROM developers can have any amount of text readaloud from their applications using Apples text-to-speech.

Apple is now also providing text-to-speech for Mexican-styleSpanish, which can speak Spanish aloud with a LatinAmerican accent.


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What It Means For UsersSpeech makes it easier and more natural to work with yourcomputer. In the home and in schools, the computer cantalk to young users, meaning they dont need to know howto read before they can use the computer to learn. In

business, ClarisWorks can read your document back to you,an easy and comfortable way to proofread your work.Executing common desktop tasks with hands-free speechcommands is fast and easy and allows you to keep yourmind focused on getting things done.

An example of the synthesis advantage is ScholasticsWiggleWorks for the Macintosh, a consumer education t it lewhich reads stor ies to children while the text and imagesare up on the screen, and allows the children to add theirown text, which the program will also read aloud.

What About the Future?Apples competitors sometimes use speech in demos, ads,and futuristic videos, but Apple is already on its thirdgeneration of those features and moving further ahead. Soonspeech will recognize more and more phrases. Totally hands-free computer useover the phone, by young children, byworkers who are simultaneously doing other thingswill becommonplace. Apple is also working to add other languages,including Chinese, French, Italian, and Japanese.

Apples text-to-speech technologies can be easily incorpo-rated into third-party applications. In most cases this can bedone with just a few lines of code. They will also be able toadd speech recognition with the release of new application

programming interfaces planned for Fall 1995.Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competition@ applelink.apple.com

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, AppleLink, Macintosh, and Power Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in th e U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. AppleScript , eWorld, and Macare trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentio ned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


20/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#10 Silly Window s Tricks

SummaryLets depart from our usual Macintosh Advantage formatto take a quick look at the most common question Apple isgett ing these days: Does a computer that looks more likean Apple Macintosh computer necessarily work like anApple Macintosh?

Apple believes the answer to that question is no, at least sofar as Windows 95 is concerned. This note examines theevidence in several areas: the fi le system, hardware/software integration, and application installation andconfiguration.


The EvidenceNone of the problems we cite below are the sort of killers

that would likely cause Windows 95 to fail in the market-place. But they help to highlight the difference between thehype for Windows 95 and the reality of it. These are not allof the problems were aware of in Windows 95 (not evenclose), but they do give a taste of the sort of issuescomputer customers should think about.

Is DOS is still there?Windows 95 isnt the brand new operating systemthat Microsoft claimed it would be. It is simply the latestrevision to the same old DOS and Windows and subject tothe same old problems of stability, of running out ofresources when running complex work loads.Marketing Computersmagazine, May 1995

The file system. One of the most troubling aspectsof Windows 3.1 for users has been navigating the arcane DOSfile system, with its three-character extensions, path names,and forbidden characters. Windows 95 puts a more attractiveinterface on top of that file system, but its still there, and usersstill need to understand it. For example, the three-character

extension is still needed to identify file types (it just isntdisplayed), path names are still used (and reported back bythe operating system in many error messages), and specialcharacters used by the DOS file system cannot be used in fi lenames (including * ?" / \ .). Using them by mistake can causeinvalid-filename messages or create unpredictable results (for

example, encasing a file name in double quotes causes thatname to be saved without the three-character extension,making it hard for the user to open the file).

By contrast, the only character forbidden in a Macintoshfilename is the colon, :, and the operating system automaticallyreplaces it with a hyphen when the user types it.

One area in which Windows 95 has made progressis allowing longer file names. But the long names arepasted on top of the old DOS file system. The real name ofthe file is an old-style eight-character name abbreviated byWindows 95 automatically from the long name. This can

cause confusion when files are shared between Windows 95users and users of DOS and Windows 3.1 (which wontdisplay the long names). Confusion also results when usingexisting DOS and Windows 3.1 applications under Windows95. The problems are troubling enough that Microsoftrecommends users, part icularly those in workgroups,create special naming conventions. They recommendstarting long filenames with short significant words or witha legal 8.3 filename.* Thus the user assumes the burden ofdesigning long fi lenames with the eight-character encodingscheme in mind.

With Macintosh, the user sees and can edit the real file

name, and theres no name problem when exchanging fileswith others.

Configuration files. The CONFIG.SYS andAUTOEXEC.BAT files are still supported by Windows 95, foruse by DOS and existing Windows applications. So unless auser buys only completely new Windows 95 applications,CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT are still loaded and canstill cause problems.


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Windows 95 itself relies on other configuration files,especially one called IO.SYS. In some cases it can be editedfrom within Windows, but in other cases Microsofts owntechnical documentation advises the user to edit it directlywith a text editing program.

Coordinati on of har dware and software. Appledesigns Macintosh hardware and software in tandem, sothey work together well. The PC architecture often requiresthe user to provide that hardware/software integration.Here are two examples:

Multimedia Features

Because Microsoft doesnt control the hardware design of PCs,it has to specify multimedia features item by item. This leavesthe user to do the integration. Here are excerpts from thethree-page list of features that Microsoft recommend userslook for in a multimedia PC:**

A sound card with 16-bit DAC and 16-bit ADC CD-ROM drive with multisession support Support for 8, 11, 22, and 44 kilohertz waveforms General MIDI support 16-voice polyphony MIDI streams Avoid waveform synthesis Mixer that supports input from WAV, MIDI, Redbook,

and AUX 3-bit volume control on each input, with a logarithmic

taper All sources are within -10db and without attenuation,

to prevent the mixer from clipping

Apple believes it would be very difficult for the average PCcustomer to find this information, let alone understand it.By contrast, heres Apples recommended mult imediaconfiguration: Buy a Macintosh computer with a CD-ROMdrive installed.

Floppy Drives

One of the most-promoted features of Windows 95 is itsability to automatically recognize when a CD has beeninserted into the computer. But what doesnt get reportedis that Windows 95 does not sense when a floppy disk hasbeen inserted. The user has to tell the software what is

happening, by clicking on the A: drive icon. When the diskis removed, its image remains on the screen, unchanged,unless the user selects the Refresh menu command. If theuser attempts to open one of the files displayed for a diskthats not present, cryptic error messages can result( invalid directory and others).

By contrast, the Macintosh operating system senses when adisk is inserted or removed and displays the appropriate icons.

Trouble with applications. One of the central promisesof Windows 95 is that it will make installing applicationsmuch easier, especially games. This is likely to be a majorcompetit ive issue this fall, considering the extensiveproblems reported with PC software installation last

Christmas.Unfortunately, Microsofts own documentation shows thatthe applications transition to Windows 95 may be difficult. Of2,530 current Windows programs tested, Microsoft reportedtechnical problems of varying severity with 732roughly 30%of the programs tested.

Some 124 of those programs sometimes or always requireMS-DOS mode, meaning they may have the same complexconfiguration issues that DOS programs did in the past.The user also has to reboot the computer to enter DOSmode, and reboot it again to exit. The problems in theother programs range from minor to very significant. Hereare a few examples of popular consumer programs and theproblems Microsoft reported with them:

7th Guest: Some versions of PAS 16 require IRQ 5and DMA 3.

After Dark 3.0 for Windows: General protection fault(system crash) occurs when running Bad Dog screensaver if Windows 3.x GRP files are installed.

The Daedalus Encounter 1.1: System crashes occur inMSNOTIFY.QTC.

Dark Forces 1.0: Demo requires MS-DOS mode; soundcard detection must be run twice during installation.

Doom 2: Will not run in a DOS VM on systems that arepaging through MS-DOS. Myst 1.02: Users of S3 video cards must place the entry

optimize= driver in the QTW.INI file. Quicken 4.0 for Windows: Home inventory will create

blank records when entering data; trying to read or editthese records will cause a system crash.

In many of these cases, the program can apparently be made torun by a technically skilled person who knows what to do. Andno doubt the Windows programs in question will eventually beupgraded to fix the problems. The question is whether those30% of Windows programs that have problems will be fixed by

the Christmas selling seasonand for those that arent, howmany families will be confused and frustrated again thisChristmas.


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ConclusionAs we said before, were not trying to argue that Windows95 will be a failure in the marketplace. Current Windowsusers who are completely commit ted to it , and haveenough money to finance the upgrade, will generally see it

as an improvement over Windows 3.1. However, peoplewho are considering both Macintosh and a PC withWindows 95 deserve to understand exactly what theyregett ing into.

Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competition@ applelink.apple.com*As reported in the Baltimore Morning Sun, June 28, 1995.** Windows 95 Resour ce Kit, Micr osoft Press, 1995, pages 706-708.

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, and Power Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, In c., registered in th e U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Mac is a trademark of Appl e Computer,Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under li cense. All ot her brand names mentioned are registered tr ademarks or tr ademarks of th eir respective holder s, and are hereby acknowledged.


23/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#11 3D For Everybody

SummaryQuickDraw 3D is software for the Apple Macintosh

computer that lets programs create and display workstation-quality 3D graphics. It lets personal computer users treat 3Dimages like any other type of graphic, even cutting andpasting them between programs. Nothing like it comes with

Windows 95.This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween a Macintosh computer and a PC with Windows 95.To see previous entries in the series, visit us on the Internetat http://www.apple.com/whymac/

The Ma cintosh AdvantageQuickDraw 3D isnt an application itself, but it canbe used to put 3D into existing or new software programs.It includes a human interface that makes it easy andintuit ive to draw and edit 3D graphics, and software toolsfor drawing 3D objects (including high-end features like

shading, texture-mapping, and l ighting effects). QuickDraw3D also includes a cross-platform file format, so users canshare 3D drawings, and has an open architecture that letsApple and others accelerate its performance.

Each element of QuickDraw 3D can be extended,making QuickDraw 3D one of the most open graphicsarchitectures in the industry. Features including the fileformat, user interface, modeling tool kit , and shading andrendering architectures are all designed to allow develop-ersand ultimately customersto add new capabilities tothe system.

Windows 95 does not include integrated 3D.

Although QuickDraw 3D will be available in a version forthe Windows platform, it takes advantage of the extraperformance of the PowerPC chips used in ApplesMacintosh computers, and speed will be increased evenfurther by hardware accelerators for the Macintosh. Applebelieves this makes Macintosh the premier platform fordoing 3D graphics on a personal computer.

QuickDraw 3D is available now, bundled with Apples newPower Macintosh 7500 and 8500 models. It will beincluded in the next update to the Mac OS operatingsystem, and is available on electronic services, including theWorld Wide Web. Many compatible applications also shipQuickDraw 3D with their product.

What It M eans For UsersThe addition of 3D graphics makes the Macintoshan even more att ractive computer for people doingpublishing, multimedia authoring, education, and technicalwork. But Apple believes that eventually 3D graphics willbenefit everyone. Just as desktop publishing featuresbecame mainstream because they were a better way tocommunicate information, 3D is meaningful for everyonebecause it enhances everything from business graphs toeducational titles to games. Thats why making 3D usableby everyone is a major emphasis for Apple.

Software companies supporting QuickDraw 3D include 3DLabs (acceleration) , auto des sys (Form Z modeler),Adobe Systems, Canto Software (Cumulus multimediadatabase), Electric Image (Animation System), FractalDesign, Graphisoft (ArchiCAD 3D CAD), Graphsoft(MiniCAD), HSC (Bryce 2.0), MacPlay (Descent 1.1), Matrox(PC-based acceleration vendor with PCI 3D accelerator),Microspot, Ray Dream (Designer), Reality Bytes (Havoc),Spatial Technology (advanced 3D geometric modelingdevelopment environment), Specular International (Infini-d3.1), Strata (Studio Pro, Vision 3D), Vertigo Technology(Vertigo II and SGI-based application), Viewpoint Datalabs(3D models and clip art), Virtus Corporation (WalkthroughPro 3.0).

What About the Future?In the next year, Apple expects that QuickDraw 3D will bereleased in a Windows version, there will be an update withmore features, and there will be a scaled version for use ingames and mult imedia ti tles. Apple also intends to integrate


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QuickDraw 3D with animation, and link it more tightly withApples QuickTime video technology and QuickTime VRvirtual reality software.

Questions or Comments?

You can send e-mail to the Maciontosh Platform Marketingteam at competition@ applelink.apple.com


MacWeek article from February:http://www.ziff.com/~ macweek/mw_020695/news1.html

QuickDraw 3D home page:http://www.info.apple.com/qd3d/QD3D.HTML

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Mac and QuickDraw aretrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


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26/42

What About the Future?No company is perfect, of course. Some Macintoshcustomers have problems with their computers, producttransitions are an issue for every computer company, andmany people have been frustrated by recent Macintosh

product shortages. Apple apologizes for those problems,and is committed to making the process of buying andowning a Macintosh even more pleasant and satisfying.


For more in formati on on studies mentioned in this note,use the Internet:

The CII loyalty study:

http://www.compint.com/news/loyalty.html

*Computer Intelligence InfoCorps Consumer Technology Index study, July 1995.CII calls it The largest, most comprehensive study of personal computer usagein the United States.

1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, and Power Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, In c., registered in th e U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. PowerPC is a trademark of I BM usedunder license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.

**PC Worl d, June 1995. The questionnaire is a fax-back form bound into every issue ofPC Worl d. Because of this methodology, PC Worl d notes, the results ar e not statisticall y projectableto the larger population. ButPC Worl d also reports that it did conduct a separate ran dom study, and the resul ts were comparable to those reported in the magazin e. Because thequestionnaire is not inherently biased toward any brand, PC Worl d call s it a valu able in sight i nto di fferences between companies.


27/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#13 More Built-In Fea tures

SummaryThe power of a computer doesnt depend only on its chip.Power is the ability to do things, and that depends a lot onfeatures beyond the chip that are built into the computer.An Apple Macintosh computer can do more than atypical PC running Windows 95 in part because it has a lot

more features built into it . This means the Macintosh ismore versati le, in addit ion to being easier to use.


The Ma cintosh AdvantageIf the standard PC running Windows 95 were a new car, itwould be strippedno radio, no air conditioning, no powerbrakes. By contrast, a Macintosh computer comes fullyloaded with all the features a person is likely to want.

Many of the features built into a Macintosh computer areeither completely unavailable on the PC or cost extra. Forexample:

Ready for expansion. A Small Computer SystemsInterface connector (SCSI for short) lets you easily addand remove devices like external CD-ROM drives, harddrives, and scanners without opening the computer case.It has been built into every Mac for almost a decade, butis still a user-installed option on most PCs.

Ready for networking. Networking is built into everyMacintosh, and high-speed Ethernet connectors are stan-

dard on most. Windows 95 includes networking software,but networking hardware is rarely built into PCs runningWindows 95.

Ready for video. Many of Apples newest Macintoshcomputers include video-in connectors that enable themto easily capture video sequences from cameras andVCRs. Using a variety of third-party applications, thosevideo clips can then be integrated into presentations,school projects, and electronic family albums. Video-in is

a complex and costly add-on for most PCs with Windows. Ready for input. The Apple Desktop Bus connector

(ADB) lets you easily add and remove input devices like akeyboard, mouse, trackball, or graphic tablet. You don thave to use up a serial port, and devices can be chainedtogether so several of them share one connector. Thatsstill a future promise on the PC platform.

Ready for telephony. On many Mac systems, Apple isnow building in a telecommunications connector calledGeoPort. It lets you easily connect low-cost, high-speedmodems and other telecommunications devices. Nothing

like it is built into PCs with Windows today. Ready for sound. High-quality sound in and out are

standard on all Macintosh systems, and microphones areeven built into most of them. High-quality sound is still anadd-on for some PCs running Windows.

Auto-eject disk drives. Floppy disk drives on theMacintosh are automatically managed by the operatingsystem, which notices when a disk is inserted and ejectsit automatically at the appropriate t ime. PCs runningWindows do not have this close integration betweenhardware and software.

Multiple monitor support. The Macintosh can runmultiple monitors simultaneously, too, treating thescreens as a single, combined work space. Most standardPCs, by contrast, arent designed to support more thanone monitor at a time.


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What It Means For UsersAs any car buyer knows, its easy to be drawn in by the lowprice of a stripped car, but the better value is often the fullyloaded model. Too often with Windows PCs, users have topay extra for features they really need, and frequently they

even have to install those features on their own. It s theequivalent of a car dealer leaving a customer to install hisor her own air conditioner.

What About the Future?Apple is continuing to push the boundaries of what definesa standard personal computer. Future init iatives Apple isexploring include higher-speed peripherals connectors,wireless networking, specialized graphics acceleration, andmultiprocessing.


1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, GeoPort, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, I nc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. Apple Desktop Bus is a trademark of AppleComputer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


29/42

Windows 95

Macintoshvs

#14 OpenDoc

SummaryIn the 1980s, the graphical user interface revolutionizedpersonal comput ing, enabling big leaps in user productivityand ultimately making obsolete all the applicationsstandards of the day. In the 1990s, Apple believes the nextmajor software revolution will be component software.

Apples software for components is called OpenDoc.

Its anopen standard co-developed with IBM, Novell, and manyother computing companies, and it will be a springboardfor innovation on the Macintosh platform in the future.

This is part of a series of short reports on the contrastsbetween an Apple Macintosh computer and a PC withWindows 95. To see previous entries in the series, visit uson the Internet at http://www.apple.com/whymac/

The Ma cintosh AdvantagePersonal computer operating systems are like giant platesof spaghetti. Anytime you touch anything on the plate,

everything else slithers around. In other words, any timethe vendor adds a new feature, it has to spend most of thetime fixing bugs introduced by that new feature. The morefeatures are added, the worse the bugs become, and thelonger the bug fixes take. People installing Windows 95today are just the latest example of this process.

The same thing has occurred in applicationstodays majorsuite programs are themselves like big plates of spaghetti,making them very hard to create and maintain, let aloneadvance.

The net result of this is slower innovation. New operatingsystems are routinely late coming to market as debuggingeats up more and more t ime; and software companies arebeing forced out of personal computing, as fewer and fewerof them can afford the investment necessary to create andmaintain an entire suite.

If the current process continues, most of the computerindustry will choke to death on its own infrastructure.There will be much less competition, slower change, andmany fewer choices for customers.

Apple thinks this would be a disaster for personal comput-ing. The way out of i t is component software (also calledobject software by many people). Whereas current softwareis like spaghetti, component software is like Lego-brandbuilding blocks. Its composed of a series of small softwareprograms (or components) that fit together. New piecescan be mixed and matched without disturbing the overallstructure, and you can make a huge variety of differentthings with it. Its something like the plug-ins for a programcalled Adobe Illustratorexcept that everything can beplugged into everything else.

Apples path to component software is called OpenDoc. Itssoftware that sits on top of the Mac OS and supervises the

software components. These components, regardless ofwho developed them, will work together as if they werewritten by a single developer. This consistency will beensured by CI Labs, an independent OpenDoc industryassociation supported by Apple, IBM, Adobe, Novell, andmany other comput ing companies.

OpenDoc is extremely open. The source code to it i savailable through CI Labs and the CI Labs partners areport ing it to operating systems other than the Mac OS.

OpenDoc will make life easier for anyone who writessoftware. Application developers will be able to focus onwriting small programs that do specific things, rather thancreating entire suites. This will make it much easier for small,innovative software companies to get back in the industry.OpenDoc will also make it easier for system integrators,corporate developers and VARs to quickly snap togethercustom software and hardware products that specificallymeet customer needs.


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OpenDoc applications will be sold the way applications aresold today, and through the same channels. But as with anynew technology, additional channels will evolve to capital-ize on the technologys strengths. It is likely that over timeon-line component warehouses will be used to distr ibute

some OpenDoc applications. Interesting new on-lineapplications and services will be enabled by OpenDoc.

Microsoft is also working on component-related software,called OLE (Object Linking and Embedding). UnlikeOpenDoc, OLE started out as a technology to extend thefunctionality of Microsofts Office applications. Its sourcecode is held privately by Microsoft, and it is not controlled byan open, independent group the way OpenDoc is. The Officesuite of applications is sti ll the OLE design center andMicrosoft has made no secret of its desire to push developersto adding value to Office and Backoffice rather than compet-ing with these Microsoft applications.

Nevertheless, Apple is not trying to kil l OLE. Apple wantscustomers to be free to make an open choice of whichevercomponent system is best for them. So OpenDoc has beendesigned as a superset of OLE, with interoperabilitybetween them provided by Component Glue technology.

Microsoft has acknowledged OpenDoc as an acceptableway for developers to provide OLE support in Windows 95.

What It Means For UsersOpenDoc as a technology is targeted at developers, bothsoftware vendors and in-house corporate developers. ButOpenDoc will benefit customers in several important ways.

Apple will use OpenDoc as a springboard for innovationon the Macintosh platform. Because it makes softwaredevelopment much easier, i t will allow Apple anddevelopers to add new software and hardware featuresto the Macintosh much more quickly.

Users will benefit from the highly integrated nature ofOpenDoc applications, even when those applications arecreated by different software companies. OpenDocapplications let users focus on their task rather than ongetting their applications to work together.

Over time, users will be able to purchase functionality asthey need it rather than being forced to get overwhelm-ingly large applications with features they dont need orwant.

Users will be able to purchase solut ion suites aimed at

their particular needs, whether theyre a home user,educator, publisher, real estate agent, or whatever.

Apple believes these benefits wil l happen first on theMacintosh platform because of Apples strong commitmentto OpenDoc and its encouragement of developers to adoptcomponent software.

In the end, Apple believes people will choose to useOpenDoc not because they want component softwaretechnology, but simply because it will help them get moredone.

What About the Future?OpenDoc for Macintosh is already in the hands of develop-ers. The user version is expected to ship this fall, and thefirst OpenDoc applications are expected to appear beforethe end of 1995. Developers worldwide are already creatingOpenDoc applications. In 1996, Apple expects to seeOpenDoc solut ions for Macintosh personal computers thatprovide unprecedented f lexibili ty and customization basedon user needs.

Questions or Comments?You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com


CI Labs home page:http://www.cilabs.org/

Apple OpenDoc home page:http://www.info.apple.com/opendoc/

IBM OpenDoc in formati on:http://www.austin.ibm.com/developer/objects/od1.html

1995 Apple Computer. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, Macintosh, and OpenDoc are trademarks of Apple Comput er, Inc., registered in the US and other juri sdictions. Mac is a trademark of Apple Comput er, Inc.PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license.


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#15 Infrared Ne tw orking

SummaryApples newly announced Macintosh PowerBook 5300portable computers include infrared communication portsthat not only let portable computer users share data, butalso let the PowerBook tie directly into a local areanetwork, without any cables. This sort of networking

without wires is far ahead of what users can do withstandard PCs running Windows 95.


The Ma cintosh AdvantageThe PowerBook 5300 portable computers feature 100- and117-MHz PowerPC 603e RISC processors, bringing RISCperformance to mainstream portable computers for thefirst time. That means the new PowerBook computers are

ready to run Apples new RISC-based software environ-ments, including QuickDraw 3D. But one of the mostexcit ing features of the new PowerBook computers is theirinfrared networking capabili ties.

Using their built-in infrared (IR) transceivers, thePowerBook 5300 models can share files with each otherwithout cumbersome set-up procedures or complexdirectory searches. When two or more IR equippedPowerBook computers are placed within range of eachother, they automatically recognize each other and createguest folders on each desktop, enabling their users to sharefiles by clicking and dragging.

By comparison, Windows-based IR applications require youto use the directory to make file connections, and you canonly make one connection vs. mult iple connections onMacintosh systems.

The infrared connector can also be used to hook into anAppleTalk local area network. All users need is FarallonComputings AirDock, an inexpensive infrared receiveradapter that connects to the users desktop computer andits associated networking software. This lets users accessservers and printers, send e-mail, check their calendars and

do anything else they would normally do with the network,with ful l LocalTalk speed (230.4 kbs). Its plug and playnetworking without the plug.

The computers also come bundled with Callisto Cor-porations Super Maze Wars, a network-aware batt le gamethat can also be played over the infrared network.

The new PowerBook 5300 computers range in price fromU.S. $2,200 to U.S. $6,799, depending on configuration andscreen technology.*

What It M eans For UsersThe new PowerBooks make it easier for people to work

together. Users in a meeting can exchange files and evenshare applications. And the infrared networking gives a usermany of the benefits of docking the computer, without theneed for a docking station. Well leave it to others toconsider the implications of wireless Maze Wars for longairplane flights.

What About the Future?Apples infrared hardware is compliant with the IrDAinfrared standard and Apple is working on an IrDA-compliant software implementation for the future.

Questions or Comments?

You can send e-mail to the Macintosh Platform Marketingteam at competi tion@ applelink.apple.com.

*These are anticipated USprices. Apple does not control the pricing charged byresellers. Your pri ce may vary.


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1995 Apple Comput er. All right s reserved. Apple, the Apple Logo, AppleTalk, LocalTalk, Macintosh, and PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer , Inc., registered in t he U.S. and other ju risdicti ons. QuickDr aw is atrademark of Apple Computer, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM used under license. All other brand names mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders, and are hereby acknowledged.


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#16 Videoconferencing

SummaryThe new Apple Power Macintosh 7500 and 8500 modelsare the first mainstream personal computers that makevideoconferencing easy and affordable. They come withvirtually everything the user needs built in and are very easyto set up.


The Ma cintosh AdvantagePersonal computer videoconferencing has a long history ofhigh expectations and poor delivery. The first wave of PCvideoconferencing products were both costly and difficultto use. Even today, most of them require addit ionalhardware and software totaling U.S. $1,500 or more percomputer, and installation and troubleshooting is often

complex and frustrating.Apples new Power Macintosh 7500 and 8500 computershave changed this. They include nearly everything a userneeds to quickly and easily begin videoconferencingQuickTime Conferencing software, high-speed communica-tions capability and video/sound input. Customers need onlyattach an inexpensive (approximately U.S. $100) videocamera to the Macintosh systems video-in connector.

With QuickTime Conferencing, users can call othervideoconference participants over their existing local areanetworks. Users can see multiple participants at once, takesnapshots during sessions, record sessions, andwhiteboard with others. (Whiteboarding is when two ormore users work together on a shared document.)

QuickTime Conferencing is built on top of the H.320videoconference standard, which lets Macintosh usersconnect to many other videoconference systems. Apple isreleasing a QuickTime Conferencing upgrade kit forexisting Power Macintosh users.

Macintosh computers are uniquely capable of handlingvideoconferencing applications for two reasons. First, becauseApple is the only computer manufacturer to build both thehardware and software, Apple has been able to integratevideoconferencing smoothly into the Macintosh architecture.The second reason is the PowerPC chip. Its fast RISC

architecture was designed with multimedia applications inmind and Apple thinks it is the most effective mainstreamprocessor for desktop multimedia on the market today.

Videoconferencing products in the Windows 95 worldcontinue to require the user to purchase expensive add-oncards and deal with the complexit ies of integrating thehardware and software themselves. In fact, Microsofts ownWindows 95 compatibility guide reports compatibilityproblems between Windows 95 and Intels ProShare 1.8videoconferencing product.

What I t Me ans To Users

Apples goal with the Macintosh is to bring new tech-nologies into the mainstream and make them usableby ordinary people. Thats what we feel QuickTimeConferencing has done with videoconferencing. With littleor no additional cost and few setup hassles, users can nowdramatically improve how they communicate with theircolleagues and friends.

In education, home-bound students will be able to keep upwith classes and classmates, students will be able to contactexperts at remote sites, an

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Macintosh vs. Windows 95