MACH’s Guide # 8A C R O N Y M S & A B B R E V I A T I O N S

MACH S.à.r.l.

2, rue Edmond Reuter L-5326 Contern

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E info@mach.com

T +352 27 756 280

F +352 27 756 298

www.mach.com

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ACH’s Guide # 8ACRO

NYM

S & ABBREVIATIO

NS

A World of Solutions

DEAR COLLEAGUE,

Welcome to the 8th Edition of MACH Guide to Acronyms and

Abbreviations!

This book is a guide to the acronyms and abbreviations that often

appear in the Telecoms Industry. With any luck you will find some

answers here!

This new edition makes the MACH A&A Guide one of the most complete

telecoms reference guide with over 4,500 Telecom keywords listed.

In addition to the alphabetical list, we have put together a host

of other useful information developed specifically to reflect the

technology’s evolution.

Every care has been taken to ensure that the A&A Guide is as

complete and accurate as possible. If you think of any information

that could be included please email them to us at info@mach.com

We wish you enjoyable and informative reading!

The MACH Team

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Industry Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Industry Definitions & Organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

GSM Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Mobile Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

MACH’s Services & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Industry Terms

6 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

A Ampere

A3 authentication algorithm

A38 algorithm performing the functions of A3 and A8

A5 stream cipher algorithm

A5/1/2/X encryption algorithms

A8 ciphering key generating algorithm

AA Auto Answer

AAA Authorization, Authentication, Accounting

AAB Automatic Alternative Billing

AAB Auto Answer Back

AABS Automated Attendant Billing System

AAC Advanced Audio Coding

AAC Authentication and Access Control

AACCH Auxiliary Analogue Control Channel

AAeM Automatic Answer of eMLLPP service

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer

AAL-CU ATM Adaptation Layer Composite User

AAL-IDU AAL Interface Data Unit

AAL-PCI AAL Protocol Control Information

AAL-SDU AAL Service Data Unit

AAN Associated Account Number

AAP Alternative Approval Procedures

AAR Automatic Alternate Routing

AARTS Automatic Audio Remote Test Set

AAV Alternative Access Vendors

AAV Authentication Algorithm Version

AB Access Burst

AB Answer Back

ABAC Aggregate Bearer Admission Control

A-bis BSC/BTS interface

ABC Advanced Broadband Communications

ABD ABbreviated Dialling

ABEC Alternate Billing Entity Code

ABEND ABnormal END/ABortive END

ABI Application Binary Interface

ABM Aggregate Bearer Measurement

ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode

ABME ABM Extended

ABR Available Bit Rate

ABR Average Bit Rate

ABS Alternate Billing Service

AC Access Charge

AC Access Class

AC Access Control

AC Alternative Coding

AC Application Context

AC Area Code

AC Authentication Centre

AC Authorization Code

ACA Adaptive Channel Allocation

ACA Asynchronous Communication Adapter

ACA Automatic Circuit Assurance

ACB Automatic Call Back

ACBO Automatic Cross Band Operation

ACC ACCess

ACC Access Control Class

ACC Analogue Control Channel

ACC Automatic Callback Calling

ACC Automatic Congestion Control

ACCH Associated Control Channel

ACCS Automatic Calling Card Service

ACD Automatic Call Distribution

ACDS Automatic Call Distribution Systems

ACE Access Connection Element

ACE Advanced Coding Efficiency

ACE Authentication Encryption

ACE Automatic Cross-connection Equipment

ACEK Authentication Encryption Key

A

8 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

ACF Access Coordination Function

ACF Advanced Communications Function

ACF Authentication Control Function

ACG Automatic Code Gapping

ACH Access CHannel

ACI Access Core network Interface

ACI Anonymous Call Interception

ACIA Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter

ACK ACKnowledgement

ACL Asynchronous Connection Link

ACM Accumulated Call Meter

ACM Address Complete Message

ACO Authenticated Ciphering Offset

ACO Automatic Cut off

ACP Access Control Point

ACP Adjacent Channel Power

ACP Automatic Cell Planning

ACR Absolute category Rating

ACR Alternate Carrier Routing

ACR Anonymous Call Rejection

ACRE Authorisation & Call Routing Equipment

ACS Advanced Communication Service

ACS Asynchronous Comunications Server

ACS Automatic Call Sequencer

ACS Automatic Configuration Server

ACSB Amplitude Companded Single side Band

ACSE Associated Control Service Element

ACT Activation

ACTL Access Customer Terminal Location

ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite

ACU Acknowledgement Signal Unit

ACU Antenna Combining Unit

ACU Automatic Calling Unit

A/D Analogue to Digital

AD Abbreviated Dialling

AD Administrative Data

ADC ADministration Centre

ADC Analogue to Digital Converter

ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control

Procedures/Protocol

ADCP Advanced Data Communication Protocol

ADDS Application Data Delivery Service

ADEOS Advanced Earth Exploration Satellite

ADH Automatic Data Handling

ADL All Digital Loop

ADLC Asynchronous Data Link Control

ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer

ADM ADMinistration processor

ADM All Digital Mode

ADM Asynchronous Disconnected Mode

ADN Abbreviated Dialling Number

ADN Advanced Digital Network

ADP Answer Detection Pattern

ADP Automatic Data Processing

ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

ADPE Automatic Data Processing Equipment

ADS Advanced Digital System

ADS Asynchronous Data Service

ADSI Analogue Display Services Interface

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

ADSU ATM Data Service Unit

A/DSP Analogue/Digital Signal Processor

ADU Asynchronous Data Unit

ADU Automatic Dialling Unit

ADX Automatic Data Exchange

AE Application Entity

AE Authenticating Entity

AEC Acoustic Echo Control

A

1 0 1 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

AEC Alternate Exchange Carrier

AECE Acoustic Echo Control Equipment

AEF Additional Elementary Functions

AEIR Administrative Equipment Identity Register

AeMS Aeronautical Mobile Service

AeMSS Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AF Audio Frequency

AFC Area Frequency Coordinator

AFC Automatic Frequency Control

AFE Analogue Front End

AFI Authority and Format Identifier

AFIRF Adaptive Finite Impulse Response Filter

AFLT Advanced Forward Link Trilateration

AFN Absolute Frame Number

AFP Automatic Frequency Planning

AG Audio Gateway

AGC Automatic Gain Control

AGC Automatic Generation Control

AGCH Access Grant CHannel

AGE Aerospace Ground Equipment

AGRAS Air-Ground Radiotelephone Automated Service

AH Authentication Header

AHAR Advanced Highway Advisory Radio

Ai Action indicator

AI Air Interface

AI Artificial Intelligence

AIC Advanced Intelligent Networks

AICC Automatic Incoming Call Connection

AIG Address Indicator Group

AIM Amplitude Intensity Modulation

AIMUX ATM Inverse MUltipleXing

AIN Advanced Intelligent Network

AINI ATM Inter Network Interface

A-Interface Interface between MSC and BSS

AIO Asynchronous Input/Output

AIOD Automatic Identified Outward Dialling

AIP Advanced Infrastructure Planning

AIP Advanced Information Processing

AIS Automated Information System

AITS Acknowledged Information Transfer Service

AIU Analogue Interface Unit

AK Anonymity Key

AKA Authentication and Key Agreement

A-KEY Authorisation KEY

AL Access Line

AL Application Layer

ALB Analog Loop Back

ALBO Automatic Line Build Out

ALC Automatic Level Control

ALCAP Access Link Control Application Part

ALE Automatic Link Establishment

ALI Automatic Location Information

ALIT Automatic Line Insulation Test

A Links Access Links

ALN Adaptive Logic Network

ALS Alternate Line Service

ALS Application Layer Structure

ALT Automatic Link Transfer

ALU Automatic and Logic Unit

AM Access Manager

A/m Amperes per meter

AM Amplitude Modulation

AMA Automatic Message Accounting

AMADNS AMA Data Networking System

AMC Administrative Management Complex

AME Amplitude Modulation Equivalent

AME Automatic Message Exchange

A

1 2 1 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

AMF Authentication Management Function

AMI Alternate Mark Inversion

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service/System

AMPS Automatic Message Processing System

AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate standard

AMR-WB Adaptive Multi-Rate - WideBand

AMSE Average Mean Square Error

AMSS Aeronautical Mobile Satellite System

AMTICS Advanced Mobile Traffic Information

& Communications System

AMTS Automated Maritime Telecommunications System

AN Access Network

ANC Access Network Controller

ANC All Number Calling

AND Automatic digital Network Dialling

ANI Automatic Number Identification

ANI II ANI Information Digits

ANL Automatic Noise Limiter

ANM ANswer Message

ANR Automatic Network Routing

ANS Advanced Network Services

ANS American National Standard

ANSA Advanced Network System Architecture

ANSA Alternate Network Service Agreement

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ANSI-41 ANSI standard for mobile management

ANT Access Network Termination

ANT Access Network Transport

ANT ADSL Network Terminator

ANT Alternate Number Translation

AOA Angle of Arrival

AoC Advice of Charge

AOC All Ones Code

AoCC Advice of Charge Charging

AOC-D Advice Of Charge during a call

AOC-E Advice Of Charge at the End of a call

AoCI Advice of Charge Information

Ao/DI Always on Dynamic ISDN

AOS Alternative Operator Service

AoS Area of Service

AP Access Point

AP Access Provider

AP Application Process

AP Attendant Position

APA Access Provider Architecture

APAD Asynchronous Packet Assembler/Disassembler

APC Adaptive Predictive Coding

APC American Personal Communications

APCM Analog PCM Modem

APDU Application Protocol Data Unit

APE Application Protocols Entities

API Application Process Invocation

API Application Program Interface

APK Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying

APL Analogue Private Line

APLT Advanced Private Line Termination

APM Application Transport

APMN Associated PMN

APN Access Point Name

APOC Advanced Paging Operators Code

APP Applications Portability Profile

APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification

APS Automatic Protection Switching

APT Telephone Applications System

AQ Adaptive Quantitisation

AQCB Automated Quote Contract Billing

AR Access Rate

AR Alternate Route

A

1 4 1 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

AR Automatic Recall

ARA Access Registration Point

ARC Adaptive Reception Control

ARCH Access Response Channel

ARCNET Attached Resource Computer NETwork

ARD Automatic Ring Down

ARDIS Advanced Radio Data Information Service

ARF Absolute Radio Frequency

ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

ARM Advanced RISC Machines

ARM Asynchronous Response Mode

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ARP Authorised Receipt Point

ARPU Average Revenue Per User

ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest

ARQ Automatic ReQuest for retransmission

ARS Automatic Route Selection

ARSR Air Route Surveillance Radar

ART Audible Ring Tone

ARU Alarm Relay Unit

ARU Audio Response Unit

AS Airborne Station

AS Analog Signal

AS Answer Supervision

AS Autonomous System

ASAM ATM Subscriber Access Multiplexer

ASBR Autonomous System boundary router

ASC AIN Switch Capabilities

ASCE Association Control Service Element

ASCI Advanced Speech Call Item

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASE Application Service Element

ASE Application Specific Entity

ASG Access Service Group

ASI Alternate Space Inversion

ASI Application Software Interface

ASI ATM Service Interface

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ASK Amplitude Shift Keying

ASN ATM Switching Network

ASN Auxiliary Signal Network

ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One

ASP Abstract Service Primitive

ASP Adjunct Service Point

ASP Advanced Speech Processor

ASP Aggregated Switch Procurement

ASP Alarm & Status Panel

ASP Application Service Provider

ASR Access Service Request

ASR Airport Surveillance Radar

ASR Answer Seizure Ratio

ASR Automatic Send and Receive

ASR Automatic Speech Recognition

ASS Access Switch System

ASSP Application Specific Standard Product

ASTA Advanced Software Technology & Algorithms

ASVD Analogue Simultaneous Voice & Data

AT Access Tandem

AT Advanced Technology

ATB All Trunks Busy

ATC Adaptive Transform Coding

ATD Asynchronous Time Division

ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing

A-TDMA Advanced Time Division Multiple Access

ATE Automatic Test Equipment

ATG Address Translation Gateway

ATIM Announcement Traffic Information Message

ATM Advanced Testing Methods

A

1 6 17

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATO Analogue Tandem Office

ATP Access Transport Parameter

ATP Authorisation To Proceed

ATRS Automatic Trunked Radio System

ATS ATM Transmission System

ATSAC Automatic Traffic Surveillance & Control

ATT ATTach

ATTS Automatic Trunk Testing Subsystem

ATV Advanced TeleVision

AU Access Unit

AU Adaptation Unit

AU Alternative Use

AUC AUthentication Centre

AUI Attachment Unit Interface

AUP Acceptable Use Policy

AUSM ATM User Service Module

AUT(H) AUTHentication

AUTHBS AUTHentication from the BS

AUTHR AUTHentication Response

AUTO AUTOmatic mode

AUTODIN AUTOmatic DIgital Network

AUTOSEVOCOM AUTOmatic SEcure VOice COMmunications Network

AUTOVON AUTOmatic VOice Network

AUU ATM User-to User

AV Authentication Vector

AVC Analog Voice Channel

AVD Alternate Voice Data

AVI Audio Video Interleave

AVL Automatic Vehicle Location

AVM ATM Voice Multiplexer

AVM Audio Visual Management

AVT Audio/Video Transport

AVT Audio Visual Terminal

A

AWACS ATM Wireless Access Communications System

AXE Automatic Cross-connection Equipment

1 8 1 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S B

B Bit / Byte

b2b business to business e-commerce

b2c business to consumer e-commerce

B8ZS Binary 8-Zero Substitution

BA Balanced Asynchronous

BA Basic Access

BA BCCH Allocation

BACC Billing And Customer Care systems

BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol

BAIC Barring All Incoming Calls

BAOC Barring All Outgoing Calls

BAOIC Barring of Outgoing International Calls

BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol

BAR Backward Adaptive Re-encoding

BARG Billing & Accounting Rapporteur Group

BAS Bit-rate Allocation Signal

BASIC Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BATS Broadcast Air-interface Transport Service

BB Bandwidth Broker

BB Base Band

BBM Base Band Module

BBN Bulk Billing Number

BB-RAS Broadband Remote Access Server

BBS Bulletin Board System

BC Basic Call

BC Bearer Channel

BCC Base transceiver station (BTS) Colour Code

BCC Basic Control Channel

BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel

BCD Binary Coded Decimal

BCD Broadband Content Delivery

BCDIC Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

B-CDMA Broadband Code Division Multiple Access

BCF Backward Control Field

BCF Base station Control Function

BCF Bearer Control Function

BCH Bids per Circuit per Hour

BCH Binary Code Height

BCI Bit-Count Integrity

BCIE Bearer Capability Information Element

BCM Basic Call Manager

BCM Bit Compression Multiplexer

BCP Basic Call Process

BCSM Basic Call State Model

BCT Business Cordless Telephone

BCTP Basic Call Transfer Protocol

BCU Base station Control Unit

BDN Barred Dialling Numbers

BDSL Broadband Digital Subscriber Line

BDT Billing Data Tape

BE Bandwidth Efficiency

BE Block Error

BEC Backward Error Correction

BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

BEP Back End Processor

BER Basic Encoding Rules

BER Bit Error Rate

BERT Bit Error Rate Test

BETRS Basic Exchange Telecommunications Radio Service

BEX Broadband Exchange

BEZS Bandwith Efficient Zero Suppression

BF Bearer Function

BFCV Binary Facility Coding Value

BFI Bad Frame Indication

BFT Binary File Transfer

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt

BHM Busy Hour Minutes

2 0 2 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

BHMC Busy Hour Minutes of Capacity

BI Barring Incoming calls

BIA Burned In Address

BIB Backward Indicator Bit

BIB Balanced line Interconnect Board

B-ICI Broadband Intercarrier Interface

BIC-Roam Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming outside

home PMN country

BID Billing IDentifier

Binhex Binary hexadecimal

BIOS Basic Input / Output System

BIP Billing Interconnection Percentage

BIP Bit Interleaved Parity

BISDN Broadband ISDN

BISYNC BISYNChronous Transmission

BISUP Broadband ISDN Users Part

Bi-sync Binary synchronous

Bit Binary digit

BIT Built-in Test

BITE Built-in Test Equipment

BIU Bus Interface Unit

B-LE Broadband Local Exchange

BLEC Broadband Local Exchange Carrier

BLER BLock Error Rate

B Links Bridge Links

B-LLI Broadband Lower Layer Information

BLOB BLOck of Bits

BLSR Bidirectional Line Swirched Ring

BLV Busy Line Verification

Bm fullrate traffic channel

BMTI Block Mode Terminal Interface

BN Bit Number

BNC ID Backbone Network Connection IDentifier

BNI Broadband Network Interface

BNM Broadband Network Module

BNN Boundary Network Node

BNS Billed Number Screening

BNS Broadband Network Service

B-NT Broadband Network Termination

BO Barring Outgoing calls

BOA Basic Ordering Agreement

BOC Bell Operating Company

BOF Business Operations Framework

BOIC Barring Outgoing International Calls

BOIC-exHC Barring Outgoing International Calls except

to Home PMN Country

BOT Build Operate Transfer

bpi bits per inch

bps bits per second

BP Bit Position

BP Breakeven Point

BP Bypass

BPOP Building Point of Presence

BPRZ Bipolar Return to Zero

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

BR Bit Rate

BRA Basic Rate Access

BRAN Broadband Radio Access Networks

BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server

BRI Basic Rate Interface

BRITE Basic Rate Interface Transmission Equipment

BRLU Broadband Remote Line Unit

BRQ Bandwidth Request

BS Base Station

BS Basic/Bearer Service

BSA Basic Serving Arrangement

BSA Basic Switching Arrangement

BSC Base Station Controller

B

2 2 2 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

BSC Binary Synchronous Communications

BSC Binary Symmetric Channels

BSCS Business Support and Control System

BSE Basic Serving Element

BSG Basic Service Group

BSI Base Station Identifier

BSIC Base transceiver Station Identity Code

BSIC-NCELL BSIC of a Neighbouring CELL

BSM Base Station Manager

BSMAP Base Station Management Application Part

BSMC Base Station Manufacturer Code

BSN Backward Sequence Number

BSN Broadband Service Node

BSNR Backward Sequence Number Received

BSNT Backward Sequence Number to be Transmitted

BSP Base Safe Processor

BSRF Basic System Reference Frequency

BSS Base Station System/Subsystem

BSS Basic Service Set

BSS Basic Synchronised Subset

BSS Broadband Switching System

BSS Broadcasting Satellite Service

BSS Business Support System

BSSAP Base Station System Application Part

BSSC Base Station System Control cabinet

BSSMAP Base Station Subsystem Mobile Application Part

BSSOMAP Base Station System Operation & Maintenance

Application Part

BST Broadcast SMS Teleservice

BSU Base Station Unit shelf

BT Bandwidth Time

BT Bit Time

BT BlueTooth

BT Burst Tolerance

B

BT Burst Type

BT Business Telecommunications

BT Busy Tone

BTA Basic Trading Area

B-TA Broadband Terminal Adapter

BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method

BTC Bus Terminator Card

B-TE Broadband Terminal Equipment

BTM Basic Transfer Mode

BTN Billing Telephone Number

BTP Base Transceiver Processor

BTS Base Transceiver Station

BTSM Base Transceiver Station Management

BTU Basic Transmission Unit

BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server

BVA Billing Validation Application

Bw Bandwidth

BWC Bandwidth Control

BWM Bandwidth Management System

BXM Broadband Switch Module

2 4 2 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio

C2 Command and Control

C3 Command, Control and Communications

C3CM C3 Counter Measures

C3I Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence

CA Call Appearance

CA Cell Allocation

CA Channel Aggregation

CABS Carrier Access Billing System

CABSINET Cellular Access to Broadband Services

& Interactive NEtwork Television

CAC Carrier Access Code

CAC Connection Admission Control

CAC Customer Administration Control

CACH Call Appearance Call Handling

CACS Centralised Alarm Control System

CAD Computer Aided Design

CAD Computer Aided Dispatch

CADN Cellular Access Digital Network

CAE Computer Aided Engineering

CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate

CAI Charge Advice Information

CAI Common Air Interface

CALC Carrier Access Line Charge

CALC Customer Access Line Charge

CAM Call Applications Manager

CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing

CAMA Centralised Automatic Message Accounting

CAMEL Customised Application for Mobile network

Enhanced Logic

CAN Campus-Area Network

CAN Controller Area Network

CAN Customer Access Network

CAP CAMEL Application Protocol

CAP Carrierless Amplitude Phase modulation

CAP Cellular Array Processor

CAP Competitive Access Provider

CAPCS Cellular Auxiliary Personal Communications Service

CAPS Common ISDN API Service

CARE Carrier Access Records Exchange

CARE Customer Account Record Exchange

CARS CAble television Relay Service / Station

CAS Call Associated Signalling

CAS Centralised Attendance Service

CAS Channel Associated Signalling

CAS Cordless Access Service

CASE Computer-Aided Software / System Engineering

CASS Common Air Satellite Structure

CAT Common Authentication Technology

CATNIP Common Architecture for Next Generation

CATV CAble TeleVision

CAU Controlled Access Unit

CAVE Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption

CB Call Barring

CB Cell Broadcast

CB Citizen Band

CBAC Context-Based Access Control

CBC Call Bearer Control

CBC Cell Broadcast Centre

CBC Cipher Block Chaining

CBCH Cell Broadcast CHannel

CBCU Centralised Broadband Control Unit

CB-DRX Cell Broadcast Discontinuous Reception

CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service

CBE Cell Broadcast Entity

CBMI Cell Broadcast Message Identifier

CBMIR CBMI Range Selection

CBR Constant Bit Rate

C

2 6 2 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CBS Cell Broadcast Short Message Service

CBS Common Base Station

CBSMS Cell Broadcast Short Message Service

CBX Computerised Branch eXchange

CC Call Control

CC Common Carrier

CC Cost Component

CC Country Code

CC Cross Connection

CCA Carrier-Controlled Approach

CCA CENELEC Certification Agreement

CCA Common Cryptographic Algorithm

CCAF Call Control Agent Function

CCB Call Control Block

CCB Common Carrier Bureau

CC&B Customer Care and Billing

CCBS Completion of Call to Busy Subscriber

CCBS Customer Care & Billing System

CCBU Completion of Calls for Busy Users

CCC CENELEC electronic Components Certification

CCC Clear Coded Channel

CCC Clear Channel Capability

CCC Credit Card Calling

CCCH Common Control CHannel

CCD Charge-Coupled Device

CCD Common Channel Distributor

CCF Call Control Function

CCF Conditional Call Forwarding

CCH Connections per Circuit Hour

CCH Control CHannel

CCI Connection Control Interface

CCIS Common-Channel Interoffice Signalling

CCITT E.164 CCITT ISDN telephony numbering plan

CCITT E.212 CCITT land mobile numbering plan

CCITT F.69 CCITT telex numbering plan

CCITT X.121 CCITT data numbering plan

CCITT X.25 CCITT specification & protocol for public packet

switched networks

CCK Complimentary Code Keying

CCL Continuous Communications Link

CCL Carrier Common Line

CCLC Carrier Common Line Charge

CCM Call Connection Management

CCM Current Call Meter

CCNRc Completion of Calls when Not Reachable

CCNRy Completion of Calls when No Reply

CCOT Cross Office Transfer Time

CCP Call Control Processor

CCP Capability/Configuration Parameter

CCPE Control Channel Protocol Entity

CCPN Call Completion to a Ported Number

CCR Call Connect Reliability

CCR Comparison Category Rating

CCR Continuity Check Request

CCR Customer Controlled Reconfiguration

CCS 100 Call Seconds

CCS Central Control System

CCS Cluster Control Site

CCS Common Channel Signalling

CCS7 Common Channel Signalling No.7

CCSA Common Control Switching Arrangement

CCSN Common Channel Signalling Network

CCSS Common Channel Signaling System

CCSS Call Completion Service Setup

CCT Channel Coding Theorem

CCU Common Control Unit

Cct Circuit

CCT Channel Check Test

C

2 8 2 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CCTV Closed - Circuit Television

CCW Cable Cut-off Wavelength

CD Call Deflection

CD Carrier Detect

CD Collision Detection

CD Compact Disc

CDCP Call Detail Collection Point

CDCS Continuous Dynamic Channel Selection

CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface

CDF Combined Distribution Frame

CDF Cumulative Distribution Function

CDGP Call Detail Generation Point

CDIS Call Detail Information Source

CDLC Cellular Data Link Control

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access, also known as IS-95

cdmaOne TM IS-95 CDMA air interface and ANSI 41 network

standard for switch Interconnection

cdma2000TM TIA standard for 3G evolved from cdmaOne

CDMP Cellular Digital Messaging Protocol

CDN Content Distribution Network

CdPa Called Party Address

CDPA Capture Division Packet Access

CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data

CdPN Called Party Number

CDPSK Coherent Differential Phase Shift Keying

CDR Call Detail Records

CDR Compact Disc Rewritable

CD ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory

CDRP Call Detail Rating Point

CDS Caller Display Signalling

CDT Control Data Terminal

CDT Conversation Data Table

CDU Central Display Unit

CDUR Chargeable DURation

CDV Cell Delay Variation

CDVCC Coded Digital Verification Color Code

CDVT CDV Tolerance

C-E Communications – Electronics

CE Conditioning Equipment

CE Connection Endpoint

CEB Control Equaliser Board

CED Called Station Identifier

CEI Comparably Efficient Interconnection

CEI Connection Endpoint Identifier

CEIR Central Equipment Identity Register

Cellco Cellular company

CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction

CEND END of Charge point

CENTREX Central Office Exchange

CEP Circular Error Probable

CEPS Common Electronic Purse Specifications

CER Call Event Record

CER Cell Error Ratio

CES Circuit Emulation Service

CESID Caller Emergency Station IDentification

CF Call Forwarding

CF Conversion Facility

CFA Carrier Facility Assignment

CFA Carrier Failure Alarm

CFAC Call Forward All Calls

CFB Call Forwarding mobile subscriber Busy

CFE Contractor - Furnished Equipment

CFI Calling Feature Indicator

CFNA Call Forwarding on No Answer

CFNRc Call Forwarding mobile subscriber Not Reachable

CFNRy Call Forwarding No Reply

CFP Channel Frame Processor

CFS Communications Frame Structure

C

3 0 3 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CFU Call Forwarding Unconditional

CFW Call ForWard

CGA Carrier Group Alarm

CGB Circuit Group Blocking

CGBA CGB Acknowledgement

CGF Charging Gateway Function

CGI Cell Global Identity

CGI Common Gateway Interface

cgi-bin common gateway interface-binary

CGLP Calling Geodetic Location Parameter

CgPN Calling Party Number

CGR Circuit Group

cgs centimeter-gram-second

CGSA Cellular Geographic Serving Area

CGU Circuit Group Unblocking

CGUA CGU Acknowledgement

CGW Customer Gateway

CH Call Hold

CH Cell Header

CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

CHTML Compact Hyper Text Markup Language

CHP CHarging Point

CHR CHannel Reliability

CHV Card Holder Verification

CI Carrier to Interference ratio

CI Calling Identity

CI Closed user group Index

CIAS Circuit Inventory and Analysis System

CIBER Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer Record

CIC Carrier Identification Code

CIC Circuit Identifier Code

CIC Confidentiality and Integrity Control

CIC Content Indicator Code

CICS Customer Information Control System

CID Caller Identification

CID Call Instance Data

CIDB Calling Line Identification Delivery Blocking

CIDR Classless InterDomain Routing

CIDCW Calling Identity Delivery on Call Waiting

CIF Common Intermediate Format

CIFAX CIphered FACSimile

CIFS Common Internet File System

CIG Calling Subscriber Identification

CILE Call Information Logging Equipment

CIN Communications Interconnection Network

CIPHONY CIphered telePHONY

CIR Carrier to Interference Ratio

CIR CIrcuit Reliability

CIR Committed Information Rate

CIT Computer Integrated Telephony

CIU Communications Interface Unit

CIX Commercial Internet Exchange

CK Cipher Key

CKSN Ciphering Key Sequence Number

CL ConnectionLess

CLASS Custom Local Area Signalling Service

CLAW Common Link Access for Workstations

CLE Customer Location Equipment

CLEC Certified Local Exchange Carrier

CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier

CLI Calling Line Identity/Identification

CLI Command Line Interface

CLID Calling Line IDentification

CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation

CLIP Calling Line ID Parameter

CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction

CLKX CLocK eXtender half size board

CLLI Common Location Language Identifier

C

3 2 3 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CLM ConnectionLess Manager

CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol

CLNS Connectionless Network Service

CLP Cell Loss Priority

CLR Cell Loss Ratio

CLR Circuit Layout Record

CLS Control Line Setting

CLSP Competitive Local Service Provider

CLTP ConnectionLess Transport Protocol

CLTS Connectionless mode Transport Service

CM Call Manager

CM Configuration Management

CM Connection Management

CMAC Control Mobile Attenuation Code

CMC Cellular Mobile Carrier

CMC Common Mail Call

CMC Common Messaging Calls

CMD CoMmanD

CME Circuit Multiplication Equipment

CMEA Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm

CMI Coded Mark Inversion

CMI/HIC Cable Microcell Integrator/Headend

Interface Converter

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol

CMIS Common Management Information Service

CMISE Common Management Information Service Element

CMM Channel Mode Modify

CMNS Connection-Mode Network Service

CMOT CMIP Over TCP/IP

CMR Cellular Manual Revision

CMR Cellular Mobile Radio

CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio

CMRS Commercial Mobile Radio Service

CMS Call Management Server

CMS Call Management Signalling

CMS Content Management System

CMS Customer Management System

CMSS Call Management Server Signalling protocol

CMT Cellular Messaging Teleservice

CMTRI Cable Modem Telco Return Interface

CMTS Cable Modem Termination System

CMTS Cellular Mobile Telephone Services

CN Centralised Network

CN Complementary Network

CN Core Network

CNAD Calling Name Delivery

CNAE Customer Network Access Equipment

CNAM Caller ID with NAMe

CNAP Calling NAme Presentation

CNAR Calling NAme Restriction

CNC Complementary Network Service

CND Calling Number Delivery

CND Calling Number Display

CNG CalliNG tone

CNI Calling Number Identification

CNIP Calling Number Identification Presentation

CNIR Calling Number Identification Restriction

CNIS Calling Number Identification Services

CNL Co-operative Network List

CNM Customer Network Management

CNMA Customer Network Management Access

CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio

CNR Combat-Net Radio

CNR Complex Node Representation

CNS Complementary Network Service

CNS/ATM Communications Navigation Surveillance/Air

Traffic Management

CO Central Office

C

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CO Connection Oriented

COAM Customer Owned and Maintained Equipment

COBOL Common Business Oriented Language

COBUCO COrdless BUsiness COmmunications system

COC Central Office Connection

CoC Certificate of Conformance

COCH COmmon control Channels

CoD Class of Device

CODEC COder DECoder

COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

COFRAD Central Office Frame Relay Access Device

COLI COnnected Line Identity

COLP Connected Line identification Presentation

COLR Connected Line identification Restriction

COM COMplete

COMINT COMmunications INTelligence

COMJAM COMmunications JAMming

COMM COMMunications

COMPANDER COMpressor-exPANDER

COMPUSEC COMPUter SECurity

COMSAT COMmunications SATellite Corporation

COMSEC COMmunications SECurity

CON Connection Oriented Network services

CONEX CONnectivity EXchange

CONFIG CONFIGuration control program

CONNACK CONNect ACKnowledgement

CONS Connection-Oriented Network Service

COO Cell of Origin

COR Central Outdoor Router

CORD Cellular Operations Record Distribution

CoS Class of Service

COT Central Office Terminal

CP Call Processing function

CP Capability Provider

CP Connection Point

CP Control Point

CPA Called Party Address

CPAF Customer Premise Access Facility

CPAS Cellular Priority Access Services

CPC Calling Party Control

CPC Calling Party Connected

CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer

CPCS-SDU Common Part Convergence Sublayer

– Service Data Unit

CPDE Centralised Position Determining Entity

CPDP Cellular Digital Packet Data

CPE Customer Premises Equipment

CPG Call ProGress Message

CPH Call Party Handling

cpi characters / cycles per inch

CPI Calling Person Identification

CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying

CPL Call Processing Language

cpm counts per minute

CPM Continuous Phase Modulation

CPN Calling Party Number

CPNI Customer Proprietary Network Information

CPODA Compression Priority Demand Assignment

CPP Calling Party Pays

cps characters per second

CPS Cycles Per Second

CPS Communications Processor Unit

CPT Cellular Paging Teleservice

CPU Central Processing Unit

CPUG Call Pickup Group

cPCI Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect

CPN Cisco Powered Network

CQM Channel Quality Measurement

C

3 6 3 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

C/R Command/Response field bit

CR Call Reference

CR Call Register

CR Channel Reliability / Circuit Reliability

CRA Call Routing Apparatus

CRABS Cellular Radio Access for Broadband Services

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRCC Cyclic Redundancy Check Character

CRD Call Rerouting Distribution

CRDB Coordinate Routing DataBase

CRDC Central Reference Database Centre

CRE Call RE-establishment procedure

CRIS Customer Record Information System

CRITICOM Critical Intelligence Communications

CRM Cell Resource Manager

CRM Cellular Radio Modem

CRM-LS/HS Cellular Radio Modem-Low Speed/High Speed

CRNC Controlling Radio Network Controller

CROM Control Read-Only Memory

CRS Cell Relay Service

CRT Cathode Ray Tube

CRTS Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service

CRU Control Unit

CRV Call Reference Value

C/S Client/Server

CS Capability Set

CS Carrier System

CS Coding Scheme

CS1 Capability Set One (ETSI)

CSA Called Subscriber Internet Address

CSA Carrier Service Area

CSAP Code Service Access Point

CSC Call Signalling Channel

CSC Circuit Switching Centre

CSC Common Signalling Channel

CS-CDPD Circuit Switched-Cellular Digital Packet Data

CS-CN Circuit Switched Core Network

CSD Circuit Switched Data

CSDN Circuit Switched Data Network

CSE CAMEL Service Environment

CSF Signalling Control Function

CSFP Call Setup Failure Probability

CSFP Coded SuperFrame Phase

CSI CAMEL Subscription Information

CSI Called Subscriber Identification

CSI Carrier Scale Internetworking

CSIC Customer Specific Integrated Circuit

CSID Calling Station ID

CSM Call Segment Model

CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access

CSMA-CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision Avoidance

CSMA-CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

CS-n Capability Set n (ETSI)

CSP Commerce Service Provider

CSP Competitive Service Provider

CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network

CSS Capability Sets Stages

CSS Cell Site Switch

CSS Cellular Subscriber Station

CSS Customer Support System

CST Convergence Sublayer Trailer

CSTA Computer Supported Telephony Application

CSU Channel Service Unit

CSU Channel Sharing Unit

CSU Circuit Switching Unit

CSU Customer Service Unit

csv Comma Separated Value

C

3 8 3 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

CSV Circuit Switched Voice

CT Call Trace

CT Call Transfer

CT Call Type

CT Channel Tester/Type

CT Computer Telephony

CT Cordless Telephone

CT Cross Talk

CT0 Cordless Telephone zero generation

CT1 Cordless Telephone 1st generation

CT2 Cordless Telephone 2nd generation

CT2-CAI Cordless Telephone 2nd generation-Common

Air Interface

CT3 Cordless Telephone 3rd generation

CTD Call Termination Driven

CTD Cell Transfer Delay

CTD Charge Transfer Device

CTD Continuity Tone Detector

CTE Channel Translation Equipment

CTE Connected Telecommunications Equipment

CTI Computer Telephony Integration

CTIP Computer Telephone Interface Products

CTM Cellular Text Telephone Modem

CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility

CTN Call Tracking Number

CTN Corporate Telecommunication Network

CTP Cordless Telephone Profile

CTR Common Technical Regulation

CTRMP Cordless Telephone Range Measurement Performance

CTS Clear To Send

CTS Conformance Testing Services

CTS Cordless Telephone Services

CTTU Centralised Trunk Test Unit

CTX Clear To Transmit

CUG Closed User Group

CVSDM Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation

CW Carrier / Composite / Continuous Wave

CW Call Waiting

CWID Call Waiting ID

C

4 0 4 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

d deci

D* Specific Detectivity

D() Dispersion Coefficient

da deka

D/A Digital to Analogue

DA Destination/Device Address

DAA Data Access Arrangement

DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting

DAB Dynamically Access Arrangement

DAC Device Access Code

DAC Digital to Analogue Converter

DACC Digital Access Cross Connect

DaCS Data Communications Server

DACS Digital Access Cross-connect Service/System

DACS/CCR Digital Access Crosscontrol System/Customer

Controlled Reconfiguration

DAI Digital Audio/Access Interface

DAL Data Access Line

DAL Dedicated Access Line

DAL Digital Access Line

DAL Direct Access Line

DAM Diagnostic Acceptability Measure

DAMA Demand Assignment Multiple Access

D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service

(USA Standard), also known as IS-136

DAN DECT Access Node

DANS Distributed Access Node System

DAP Demand Access Protocol

DAPLL Decision Aided Phase Locked Loop

DAS Data Acquisition System

DAS Dual Attachment Station

DASS Digital Access Signalling System

DATATACTM Motorola Standard for wireless packed data networks

DAU Database Administration Unit

DAU Direct Adapter Unit

DAWS Digital Advanced Wireless Services

dB deciBel

DB DataBase

DB Dummy Burst

dBa decibels adjusted

DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

dBc dB relative to carrier power

DBIR Direct Beam InfraRed

dBm dB referred to 1 milliwatt

DBMS Data Base Management System

DBN Dial Back Number

DBOR DataBase Of Records

dBr power difference in dB between any point

and a reference point

dBrn dB above reference noise

DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite

DBS Direct Broadcast Service

DBS Domestic Base Station

DBU Dial Back-Up

dBv dB relative to 1 V (volt) peak-to-peak

dBW dB referred to 1 W (watt)

dBx dB above reference coupling

dc direct current

DC Direct Current

DC Dry Circuit

DCA Dynamic Channel Assignment

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCC Data Country Code

DCCH Dedicated Control CHannel

DCCH Digital Control CHannel

DCE Data Circuit terminating Equipment

DCE Data Communication Equipment

DCE Digital Cellular Equipment

D

4 2 4 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

DCE Distributed Computing Environment

DCF Data Communications Function

DCF Distributed Coordination Function

DCH Data Clearing House

DCH Dedicated Channel

DCI Default Check Initialization

DCL Direct Communications Link

DCM Digital Circuit Multiplication

DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment

DCN Data Communications Network

DCP Dedicated Control Panel

DCP Digital Communications Protocol

DCPSK Differentially Coherent Phase Shift Keying

DCR Degradation Category Rating

DCS Data Coding Scheme

DCS Defence Communications System

DCS Digital Cellular System

DCS Digital Communications Standard

DCS Digital Crossconnect System

DCS Dynamic Channel Selection

DCS1800 Digital Cellular System at 1800MHz, now GSM1800

DCT Data Calling Tone

DCT Digital Carrier Termination

DCT Digital Cordless Telephone

DCTE Data Circuit Terminating Equipment

DCTN Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network

DCU Distribution and Control Unit

DCWV Direct-Current Working Volts

DDAPI Device Driver Application Program Interface

DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol

DDD Direct Distance Dialling

DDE Dynamic data Exchange

DDF Digital Distribution Frame

DDI Direct Dialling Inward

DDM Digital Data Multiplexer

DDN Defence Data Network

DDN NIC Defence Data Network Information Centre

DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server

DDP Distributed Data Processing

DDR Dial on Demand Routing

DDS Dataphone Digital Service

DDS Digital Data Service

DDS Direct Digital Synthesis

DDSD Delay Dial Start Dial

DEA Data Encryption Algorithm

DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephony

DEMUX DEMUltipleX

DEPSK Differential Encoded Phase Shift Keying

DEQUEUE Double-Ended QUEUE

DES Data Encryption Standard

DES Destination End Station

DET DETach

DETEM DETector/Emitter

DF Dedicated File

DFC Data Flow Control

DFE Decision Feedback Equaliser

DFIR DiFfused Infrared Radiation

DFS Distributed File System

DFS Dynamic Frequency Solution

DFSK Double Frequency Shift Keying

DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation

DFT Distributed Function Terminal

DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System

DHACP Dynamic Host Automation Configuration Protocol

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHKE Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

DHP Digital radio Host Processor

D

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

DI Digital Interface

DI Distribution Interface

DIAC Dedicated Inquire Access Node

Dibit Two bits of information

DID Direct Inward Dialling

DIL Direct-In-Line

DILIC Dual In-Line Integrated Circuit

DIMM Dual In line Memory Module

DIP Dual In-line Package

DIR Device Interface Routines

DIS Digital Identification Signal

DIS Draft International Standard

DISA Direct Inward System Access

DISC DISConnect

DISN Defence Information Systems Network

DISNET DDN Integrated Secure NETwork

DIU Data Interface Unit

D/L Down Link

DL Data Link

DL Dial Level

DLC Data Link Control

DLC Digital Loop Carrier

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier

DLCS Digital Loop Carrier System

DLD Data Link Discriminator

DLE Data Line Equalizer

DLE Data Link Escape

DLEC Data Local Exchange Carrier

D Links Diagonal Links

DLL Dial Long Line

DLPI Data Link Provider Interface

DLSP Data Link Service Processes

DLU Digital Line Unit

Dm control channel

DM Delta Modulation

DM Disconnected Mode

DMA Direct Memory Access

DMAC Digital Mobile Attenuation Code

DMB Dynamic Multipoint Bridging

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

DME Distributed Management Environment

DMF Discrete Matched Filter

DMH Data Message Handler

DMI Digital Multiplex Interface

DMI Distributed Management Interface

DMM Digital MultiMeter

DMO Direct Mode Operation

DMPB Digital Multipoint Bridging

DMR Digital Mobile Radio

DMS Defence Message System

DMS Digital Multiplex Switch

DMS Digital Multipoint System

DMS Distribution Management System

DMT Discrete Multitone

DMTF Discrete MultiTone Frequency

DN Directory Number

DN Distributed Network

DNA Digital Network Architecture

DNAL Dedicated Network Access Line

DNC Dynamic Network Controller

DNCF Directory Number Call Forwarding

DNIC Data Network Identification Code

DNIS Dialled Number Identification Service

DNPA Data Numbering Plan Area

DNS Domain Name Service

DNS Domain Name System

DNU Digital Networking Unit

DO Design Objective

D

4 6 4 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

DoC Department of Commerce

DoD Department of Defence

DOD Direct Outward Dialling

DODD Department of Defence Directive

DODISS Department of Defence Index of Specifications

and Standards

DOD-STD Department of Defence Standard

DOI Domain of Interpretation

DOMSAT Domestic Communications Satellite

DOS Disk Operating System

DOV Data Over Voice

DP Detection Point

DP Dial/Dialled Pulse

DP Dialing Plan

DPA Distributed Processor Architecture

DPBX Digital PBXDPC Destination Point Code

DPC Destination Point Code

DPC Downlink Power Control

DPC Dynamic Power Control

DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel

DPCS Digital Personal Communications Service

DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPDT Double-Pole Double-Throw

DPE Distributed Processing Environment

DPL Digital Power Line

DPM Digital Phase Modulation

DPNSS Digital Private Network Signalling System

DPO Dial Pulse Originate

DPS Digital Passage Service

DPBX Digital PBX

DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DPLB Digital Private Line Billing

DPSK Digital Phase Shift Keying

DQPSK Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying

DPU Digital Processing Unit

DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus

DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

DR Digit Receiver

DRAC Dynamic Resource Allocation Control

DRAD Digital Remote Antenna Driver

DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory

DRCS Dynamically Redefinable Character Set

DRCU Diversity Radio Channel Unit

DRF Data Record Format

DRI Digital Radio Interface board

DRIVE Dedicated Road Infrastructure for VEhicle safety

DRIX DRIeXtender half size board

DRNC Drift Radio Network Controller

DRNS Drift Radio Network Subsystem

DRP Distribution and Replication Protocol

DRS Digital Reference Signal

DRS Digital Reconfiguration Service

DRSI Destination Routing Station

DRT Diagnostic Rhyme Test

DRX Discontinuous Reception Indicator

DS0 Digital Signal Level 0

DS1 Digital Signal Level 1

DS Data Set

DS Digital Signal

DS Direct Spread

DS Direct Support / Sequence

DS Distribution Service

DS Duplex Signalling

DSA Dial Service Assistance

DSA Direct Subscriber Access

DSA Directory Service Agent

D

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

DSA Distributed Systems Architecture

DSAP Destination Service Access Point

DSAR Direct Subscriber Access & Restriction

DSAT Digital Supervisory Audio Tones

DSB Double Side Band

DSB-AM Double Side Band Amplitude Modulation

DSB-RC Double Side Band - Reduced Carrier transmission

DSB-SC-AM Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier

Amplitude Modulation

DSBTC Double Side Band Transmitted Carrier

DS-CDMA Direct Sequence CDMA

DSC Digital Selective Calling

DSCH Downlink Shared CHannel

DSCS Defence Satellite Communications System

DSDC Direct Service Dialling Capability

DSE Data Switching Equipment/Exchange

DSG Data Systems Group

DSI Detailed Spectrum Investigation

DSI Digital Speech Interpolation

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSL Distributed Service Logic

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Module

DSMA Digital Sense Multiple Access

DSN Defence Switched Network

DSP Digital Signal Processor/Processing

DSR Data Signalling Rate

DSR Distributed Speech Recognition

DSRR Digital Short Range Radio

DSS Decision Support System

DSS Dial Selective Signalling

DSS Digital Subscriber Signalling Systems

DSS Digital Switched Services

DSS Direct Station Selection

DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signalling No 1

DSSCS Defence Special Service Communications System

DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

DSTE Data Subscriber Terminal Equipment

DSU Data/Digital Service Unit

DSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice & Data

DSX-1 Digital Signal Cross-connect level 1

DT Data Terminal

DT Dial Tone

DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part

DTC Digital Traffic CHannel

DTCH Dedicated Traffic CHannel

DTE Data Terminal Equipment

DTG Date-Time Group

DTH Direct To Home

DTI Digital Trunk Interface

DTLU Digital Terminal Line Unit

DTM Dynamic synchronous Transfer Mode

DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency

DTN Data Transmission Network

DTR Data Terminal Ready

DTS Digital Transmission System

DTS Diplomatic Telecommunications Service

DTSR Dial Tone Speed Recording

DTT Digital Trunk Testing

DTX Discontinuous Transmission

DTU Data Terminal Unit

DTU Data Transfer / Tape / Transmission Unit

DTU Digital Test Unit

DTU Direct To User

DUA Directory User Agent

DUP Data User Part

DV Data Voice

DVB Digital Video Broadcasting

DVC Digitised Voice Communications

D

5 0 5 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

DVD Digital Video Disc

DVL Direct Voice Link

DVM Data over Voice Multiplexer

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DVT Digital Video Terminal

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DWS Digital Wireless Communications

DX Direct current / DupleX signalling

DXC Digital Cross Connect

DXCC Digital Cross Connect Control

DXCS Digital Cross Connect System

DXI Data eXchange Interface

DXX Digital cross connect system

E911 Enhanced Emergency Services (USA)

EA Evaluation Authority

EA Extended Address

EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol

EAS Emergency Alert System

EAS Extended Area Service

E-BCCH Extended-Broadcast Control CHannel

EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

EBDI Electronic Business Data Interchange

Eb/No Energy per bit/Noise floor

EBO Embedded Base Organisation

EBPP Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment

EBS Emergency Broadcast System

EBSG Elementary Basic Service Group

EBX Electronic Branch Exchange

EC Earth Coverage

EC Echo Canceller

ECC Electronically Controlled Coupling

ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography

ECC Emergency Call Codes

ECC Enhanced Call Completion

ECH Enhanced Call Handling

Ec/No ratio of Energy per modulating bit to the NOise

spectral density

ECM Electronic Counter Measures

ECM Error Correction Mode

ECMEA Enhanced Cellular Messaging Encryption Algorithm

ECN Explicit Congestion Notification

ECP Enhanced Call Processing

ECR Energy Constant Radio

ECT Explicit Call Transfer

ECTS Electronic Custom Telephone System

EDAC Error Detection And Correction

EDACS Enhanced Digital Access Communications System

E

5 2 5 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

EDC Error Detection and Correction

EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EDH Electronic Data Handling

EDI Electronic Data Interchange

EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange For Administration,

Commerce & Trade

EDO Extended Data Out

EDP Electronic Data Processing

EDSL Extended Digital Subscriber Line

EDSX Electronic Digital Signal Cross Connect

EDT Eastern Daylight saving Time

EDTV Extended Definition TeleVision

EEHO Either End Hop Off

EEL Electric Echo Loss

EEPROM Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read

Only Memory

EESN Expanded Electronic Serial Number

EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Service

EF Elementary File

EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator

EFD Event Forwarding Discriminator

EFR Enhanced Full Rate

EFS End of Frame Sequence

EFT Electronic Funds Transfer

EGC Enhanced Group Call

EGC Extended Golay Code

EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol

EGPRS Enhanced GPRS

EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile communications

EHF Extremely High Frequency (3 to 30 GHZ)

EHFC Extended HyperFrame Counter

EHz ExaHertz

EI Expansion Interface

EII European Information Infrastructure

E-IPQM European In-Process Quality Metrics

EIFS Extended Inter Frame Spacing

EIGRP Enhanced Internet Gateway Routing Protocol

EIR Equipment Identity Register

EIRP Effective Isotopic Radiated Power

EIRP Equipment Identity Register Procedure

EIS Emergency Information System

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture

EKTS Electronic Key Telephone Sets

eL elevation

EL Echo Loss

ELAN Emulated Local Area Network

ELCA Extended Local Calling Area

ELECTRO-OPTINT ELECTRO - OPTical INTelligence

ELF Extremely Low Frequency (<3 kHz)

E Link Extended Link

ELINT ELectronic INTelligence

ELSEC ELectronic SECurity

ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter

EMA Enterprise Management Architecture

EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility/Control

EMCON EMission CONtrol

EMD Equilibrium Mode Distribution

EME ElectroMagnetic Energy

EME ElectroMagnetic Environment

EMF ElectroMotive Force

EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference

EMI Exchange Message Interface

eMLPP enhanced MultiLevel Precedence

& Pre-emption service

EMMI Electrical Man Machine Interface

EMP ElectroMagnetic Pulse

EMR ElectroMagnetic Radiation

E

5 4 5 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

EMR Exchange Message Record

EMRP Effective / Equivalent Monopole Radiated Power

EMS Electronic Message System

EMS Enhanced Messaging Services

EMS Expanded Memory Specification

EMSEC EManations SECurity

EMU ElectroMagnetic Unit

EMV ElectroMagnetic Vulnerability

EMW ElectroMagnetic Warfare / Wave

EMX Electronic Mobile eXchange

EN End Node

ENET Enhanced NETwork

ENQ ENQuiry character

ENS Enhanced Network Services

EOC Embedded Operations Channel

EOD End Of Data

EOF End Of File

EOF End Of Frame

EOL End Of Line

EOM End Of Message

EOP End Of Packet

EOP End Of Program

EOP End OutPut

EOS End Of Selection

EOT End Of Tape

EOT End Of Transmission

E-OTD Enhanced Observed Time Difference

EOW Engineering Order Wire

EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch eXchange

EPE Enhanced Privacy and Encryption

EPFD Equivalent Power Flux Density

EPI External Provisioning Interface

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons

EPOS Electronic Point of Sale

EPP Enhance Parallel Port

EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EPSCS Enhanced Private Switched Communications System

EPSN Enhanced Private Switched Network

EQB EQualiser Board

ER Essential Requirements

ERL Echo Return Loss

ERLE Echo Return Loss Enhancement

Erlang a dimensionless unit of average traffic density

ERLINK Emergency Response Link

ERMES Enhanced Radio MEssaging System

ERP Effective Radiated Power

E-RQMS European Reliability & Quality Measurements

for telecommunications Systems

ERR ERRor

ES End System

ES European Standard

ES Expert System

ESA Enhanced Subscriber Authentication

ESC Enhanced Satellite Capability

ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface

ESE Emulation Scenario Editor

ESF Extended Super Frame

ESI End System Identifier

ESI Enhanced Serial Interface

ESM Extended Subscriber Module

ESME Emergency Services Message Entity

ESMR Enhanced Specialised Mobile Radio

ESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

ESN Electronic Serial Number

ESN Equipment Serial Number

ESNE Emergency Services Network Entity

ESP Enhanced Service Provider

E

5 6 5 7

ESRD Emergency Service Routing Digits

ESRK Emergency Service Routing Key

ESS Electronic Switching System

ESS Enhanced Signalling Systems

ESS Extended Service Set

ET Exchange Termination

ETACS Extended Total Access Communications System

ETB End of Transmission Block

ETC Electronic Toll Collection

ETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular

E-TDMA Extended Time Division Multiple Access

ETH Education to Home

ETI Electronic Telephone Interface

ETN Electronic Tandem Network

ETR ETSI Technical Report

ETS European Telecommunications Standard

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

ETX End of TeXt character

ETX End of Transmission

EUCL End User Common Line Charge

EUCLI European Community Line Interface

EVRC Enhanced Variable Rate Voice Coder

EW Electronic Warfare

EXEC EXECutive & protocol function (BSS)

F Frequency

FAC Final Assembly Code

FACCH Fast Associated Control CHannel

FACCH/F Fast Associated Control CHannel/Full rate

FACCH/H Fast Associated Control CHannel/Half rate

FAMOUS Future Advanced Mobile Universal System

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions

FAS Frame Alignment Sequence

FAT File Allocation Table

FAU Fixed Access Unit

FB Frequency correction Burst

F-BCCH Fast Broadcast Control Channel

FBWA Fixed Broadband Wireless Access

FC Feature Code

FC Fiber Channel

FC Frame Control

FC Functional Component

FCC Forward Control Channel

FCCH Frequency Correction Channel

FCI Forward Call Indicator

FCN Fully Connected Network

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FCT Full Cellular Terminal

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FD Full Duplex

FDCCH Forward Digital Control CHannel

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface

FDHM Full Duration at Half Maximum

FDL Facility Data Link

FDM Frequency Division Multiplex(ed)

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

FDMMA Frequency Division Multiplexing Multiple Access

FDN Fixed Dialling Number

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S F

5 8 5 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

FDS Fraud Detection System

FDTC Forward Digital Traffic Channel

FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain

FDX Full DupleX

FE Functional Entity

FEC Forward Error Correction

FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification

FED-STD FEDeral StandarD

FELP Far End Loop Back

FEP Front End Processor

FER Frame Erasure Ratio

FERF Far-End Receive Failure

FET Field Effect Transistor

FEXT Far End Cross Talk

FFDI Fast Fiber Data Interface

FFS For Further Study

FFSK Fast Frequency Shift Keying

FFL Fast File Transfer

FFT Fast Fourier Transformation

FH Fiber Hub

FH Frequency Hopping

FH-CDMA Frequency Hopping CDMA

FHMA Frequency Hopping Multiple Access

FHS Frequency Hopping Synchronisation

FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

FIB Forward Indicator Bit

FIBR Forward Indicator Bit Receiver

FIBT Forward Indicator Bit to be Transmitted

FIGS Fraud Information Gathering System

FIFO First-In First-Out

FIP Federal Information Processing

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards

FIR Finite Impulse Response

FIRMR Federal Information Resources

Management Regulations

FIRST First IntegRated Systems Technology

FISINT Foreign Instrumentation Signals INTelligence

FISU Fill in Signal Unit

FITL Fibre In The Loop

FLAG Fibreoptic Link Around the Globe

FLAM Frankenstein-Limes Access Method

F Link Fully Associated Link

FLL Fixed Loss Loop

FLMPTS Future Land Mobile Personal Telephone Service

FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second

FLTSATCOM FLeeT SATellite COMmunications

FM Fault/Function Management

FM Frequency Modulation

FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence

FMH Function Management Header

FMI Fixed Mobile Integration

FMT Filtered MultiTone

FN Fiber Node

FN Frame Number

FNE Fixed Network Equipment

FNN Full National Number

FNPA Foreign Numbering Plan Area

FO Fiber Optics

FOA First Office Application

FOC Final / Full Operational Capability

FOCC Forward Control Channel

FOI Freedom Of Information

FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link

FOR Forced Output Rate

FOT Fiber Optic Transceiver

FOT Frequency of Optimum Traffic / Transmission

FOTS Fiber Optical Transmission System

FOV Field Of View

F

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

FP Fixed Part

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

FPIS Forward Propagation Ionospheric Scatter

FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications

System; renamed IMT 2000

FPMN Forbidden PMN

FPP Fixed Path Protocol

fps foot-pound-second

fps frames per second

FPS Focus Projection and Scanning

FPS Framing Pattern Sequence

FR Frame Relay

FR Frequency Response

FR Full Rate

FRA Fixed Radio Access

FRAD Frame Relay Access Device

FRBS Frame Relay Bearer Service

FRE Fixed-side Radio Endpoint

FRND Frame Relay Network Device

FRP Federal Response Plan

FR PVC Frame Relay Permanent Virtual Connection

FRS Frame Relay Service/Switch

FRSS Frame Relay Switching System

FRU FRame Unit

FS Fixed Service

FS Frequency Synchronisation

FS For further Study

FSDPSK Filtered Symmetric Differential Phase Shift Keying

FSE Functionally Spaced Equaliser

FSK Frequency Shift Keying

FSL Flexible Service Logic

FSN Frame Sequence Number

FSOQ Frequency Shift Offset Quadrature Modulation

FSP File Service Protocol

FSS Fixed Satellite Service

FSU Fixed Subscriber Unit

FT Fibre optic T-carrier

FTA Full Type Approval

FTAM File Transfer Access & Management

ft/min feet per minute

ftn forwarded to number

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FTTC Fibre To The Curb

FTTCa Fibre To The Cabinet

FTTEx Fibre To The Exchange

FTTH Fibre To The Home

FTTK Fibre To The Kerb

FTTN Fibre To The Neighborhood

FTTP Fibre To The Premise

ft/s feet per second

FTS 2000 Federal Telecommunications System 2000

FU Functional Unit

FUNI Frame User to Network Interface

FVC Forward Voice Channel

FW Firewall

FWA Fixed Wireless Access

FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum

FWLL Fixed Wireless Local Loop

FWT Fixed Wireless Terminal

FX Fixed Service

F

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

2G Second Generation

3G Third Generation

g giga

g2b government to business e-commerce

G3G-CDMA Global 3G CDMA standard proposal

GAB Group Access Bridging

GAN Global Area Network

GAP Generic Access Profiles/Protocol

GATS Global Automotive Telematics Standard

GB Gigabyte

Gbps Gigabits per second

GCAC Generic Connection Admission Control

GCC Generic Conference Control

GCLK Generic CLocK board

GCR Group Call Register

GCRA Generic Call Rate Algorithm

GCS Global Communications Service

GDA Global Direct Access

GDF Group Distribution Frame

GDP Generic Digits Parameter

GECO Global Emergency Call Origination

GEO GEostationary Orbit

GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

GEOS Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Satellites

GES Ground Earth Station

GETS Government Emergency Telecommunications Service

GFC Generic Flow Control

GFI Generic Format Identifier

GFSK Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying

GGCL Government-to-Government Communications Link

GGP Gateway to Gateway Protocol

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GHOST GSM Hosted Short Message Teleservice

GHz GigaHertz

GIAC General Inquire Access Code

GIF Graphic Interchange Format

GII Global Information Infrastructure

GIM Group Identification Mark

GIO Generic Interface for Operations

GIP GSM Interworking access Profile

GIX Global Internet eXchange

G-Mail GSM text messages

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & Safety System

GMM Global Mobile Multimedia

GMPCS Global Mobile Personal Communications

by Satellite

GMSC Gateway Mobile Services Switching Centre

GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

GMSS Geostationary Mobile Satellite Standard

GMT Greenwich Meridian Time

GND GrouND

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GOS Grade Of Service

GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile

GPA GSM PMN Area

GPC Gateway Protocol Converter

GPOP Global Point Of Presence

GPROC Generic PROCessor board

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GPS Global Positioning System

GR GPRS Register

GRIC Global Reach Internet Connection

GRSU Generic Remote Switch Unit

GRX GPRS Roaming eXchange

GS Ground Station

GSA General Services Administration

GSA GSM System Area

G

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

GSC Golay Sequential Code

GSC Ground Switching Centre

GSL Global Service Logic

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

GSM Groupe Spécial Mobile

GSM1800 GSM operating at 1.8 GHz; formerly DCS1800

GSM1900 GSM operating at 1.9 GHz; formerly PCS1900

GSM MS GSM Mobile Station

GSM PMN GSM Public Mobile Network

GSM-R GSM for Railways

GSM-SCF GSM Service Control

GSM-SSF GSM Service Switching Function

GSN Global Subscriber Number

GSN GPRS Support Node

GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit

GSS Group Switching Sub-system

GSTN General Switched Telephone Network

GT Global Title

GTA Global Title Address

GTFM Generalised Tamed Frequency Modulation

GTP Government Telecommunications Program

GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol

GTP-C GTP Control

GTP-U GTP User

GTS Government Telecommunications System

GTT Global Title Translation

GTXC Global Telephone Exchange Carrier

GUG GVNS User Group

GUI Graphical User Interface

GUID Globally Unique IDentifier

GVLS Global Verification & Location System

GVNS Global Virtual Network Service

GWY GateWaY

h hecto

HA Host Application

HAD HLR Authentication Distributor

HAIR Highway Advisory Information Radio

HAN Home Area Network

HANDO HANDOver

HAPS High Altitude Platform Station

HAR Highway Advisory Radio

HBS Home Base Station

HBU Home Base Unit

HC Hadamard Code

HC Home Country

HCDM Hybrid Compounding Delta Modulation

HCDS High Capacity Digital Services

HCI Host Controller Interface

HCM High Capacity Multiplexing

HCS Hard Clad Silica (fibre)

HCS Hierarchical Cell Structure

HCSPR Hundred Call Seconds PeR hour

HCV High Capacity Voice

HD Half Duplex

HD High Density

HDB High Density Bipolar

HDI High Density Interface

HDLC High level Data Link Control

HDML Handheld Device Markup Language

HDR High Data Rate

HDSL High speed Digital Subscriber Line

HDT Host Digital Terminal

HDTM Half Duplex Transmission Module

HDTP Handheld Device Transport Protocol

HDTV High Definition TeleVision

HDX Half DupleX

HEC Header-Error-Check

H

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

HEHO Head End Hopp Off

HEMP High altitude ElectroMagnetic Pulse

HERF Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel

HERO Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance

HERP Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel

HF High Frequency

HF Hyperframe

HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax

HFDF High Frequency Distribution Frame

HFT Hands Free Telephone

HIPERLAN HIgh PErformance Radio Local Access Network

HIPPI HIgh Performance Parallel Interface

HLC High Layer Compatibility

HLD High Level Domain

HLL High Level Language

HLPI Higher Layer Protocol Identifier

HLR Home Location Register

H-M Human Machine terminals

HMA High Memory Area

HMP Home Mobility Provider

HMQAM HaMming Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

HN Home Network

HNI Home Network Identity

HNPA Home Numbering Plan Area

HomeRF Home Radio Frequency

HOSTID HOST IDentifier

HPC High Probability of Completion

HPMN Home Public Mobile Network

HPM High Power Modification

HPR High Performance Routing

HPU Hand Portable Unit

HR Half Rate

HSCD High Speed Circuit Data

HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data

HSD High Speed Data

HSDA High Speed Data Access

HSDL High-speed Subscriber Data Line

HSDU High Speed Data Unit

HSLAN High Speed Local Area Network

HSLN High Speed Local Network

HSM HLR Subscriber Management

HSM Host Specific Mechanism

HSN Hopping Sequence Number

HSPR Hot Standby Routing Protocol

HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSPSD High Speed Packet Switched Data

HSS Home Subscriber Service

HSSI High Speed Serial Interface

HSSP High Speed Switched Port

HSTP High Speed Transfer Protocol

html hypertext markup language

http hypertext transfer / transport protocol

https hypertext transfer / transport protocol secure

HTU High speed Digital Subscriber Line Transmission Unit

HU Home Units

HUR High Usage Report

HV High Voltage

HV High quality Voice

HW HardWare

Hz Hertz

H

6 8 6 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

I&A Identification & Authentication

IA Incoming Access

IA International Alphabet (CCITT)

IAB Internet Architecture Board

IAC Inquiry Access Code

IAC International Access Code

IACS Integrated Access & Cross-connect System

IAD Integrated Access Device

IAM Initial Address Message

IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority

IAP Intercept Access Point

IAP Internet Access Provider

IAPP Inter Access Point Protocol

IAR Initial Address Reject

IASG Interconnect Address Sub-Group

IAT Integrated Access Terminal

IBC Integrated Broadband Communication

IBCN Integrated Broadband Communications Network

IBDN Integrated Building Distribution Network

IBSS Independent Basic Service Set

IBW Instantaneous Bandwidth

IBX Integrated Business eXchange

I&C Installation and Checkout

IC Integrated Circuit

IC Interconnect

IC Interexchange Carrier

IC Interlock Code

IC (pref) Interlock Code preferential CUG

ICB Incoming Calls Barred

ICC Integrated Circuit Card

ICCB Internet Control & Configuration Board

ICD International Code Designator

ICE Information Content and Exchange

I-CF ISDN-Call Forwarding

ICI Incoming Call Identification

ICI Interexchange Carrier Interface

ICIP Interexchange Carrier Interface Protocol

ICL Inserted Connection Loss

ICLATA Intra-Local Address and Transport Area

Carrier Selection

ICM In-Call Modification

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

ICNI Integrated Communications, Navigation

and Identification

ICO Intermediate Circular Orbit

ICP Intelligent Call Processing

ICP Internet Control Protocol

ICS Incoming Call Services

ICS Integrated Communications System

ICSI International Charged Subscriber Identifier

ICT Information & Communications Technologies

ICW Interrupted Continuous Wave

ID IDentification/IDentity/IDentifier

IDA Integrated Data/Digital Access

IDAL International Dedicated Access Line

IDCP Internet Device Control Protocol

IDD International Direct Dialling

IDDD International Direct Distance Dialling

iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame

IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transformation

IDI Initial Domain Identifier

IDLC Integrated Digital Loop Carrier

IDMR Inter-Domain Multicast Routing

IDN Integrated Digital Network

IDNX Integrated Digital Network eXchange

IDP Internet Data Packet

IDP Internet Datagram Protocol

I

7 0 7 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

IDT Integrated Digital Terminal

IDTV Improved Definition TeleVision

IDU Interface Data Unit

IE Information Element

IEC Inter Exchange Carrier

IEC Internet Engineering Consortium

IEDI Internet-based Electronic Data Interchange

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEI Information Element IdentifierIES Industry

Executive Subcommittee

IES Information Exchange Services

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

I-ETS Interim European Telecommunications Standard

I/F InterFace

IF Intermediate Frequency

IFF Identification, Friend or Foe

IFL International Frequency List

IFS Ionospheric Forward Scatter

IGF International Gateway Facilities

IGP Interior Gateway Protocol

IGRP Internet Gateway Routing Protocol

IGW International Gateway Switch

I-HC ISDN Hold Capability

IIDB Interworking Issues DataBase

IIF Interworking and Interoperability Function

IIR Infinite Impulse Response

IIS Internet Information Server

IISP Interim Interface Signalling Protocol

IJF Inter-symbol Jitter Free

IK Integrity Key

IKE Internet Key Exchange

iKP Internet Keyed Payments Protocol

ILA Intermediate Light Amplification

ILCR International Least Cost Route

ILD Injection Laser Diode

ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier

ILEC Independent Local Exchange Carrier

ILLP Inter Link-to-Link Protocol

ILNP Interim Line Number Portability

ILR Inter System Location Register

ILT Idle Line Termination

I&M Installation and Maintenance

IM Instant Messaging

IM Intensity / InterModulation

IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol

IMASS Intelligent Multiple Access Spectrum Sharing

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

ILS Instrument Landing System

IMAP Internet Managed Application Provider

IMASS Intelligent Multiple Access Spectrum Sharing

IMBE Improved MultiBand Excitation

IMD InterModulation Distortion

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

IMM IMMediate assignment message

IMN Intelligent Mobile Network

IMP Interface Message Processor

IMS Information management System

IMS Interactive Multimedia Server

IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IMT Intelligent Multimode Terminal

IMT Inter Machine Trunk

IMT International Mobile Telecommunications

IMT 2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000

IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone Service

IMUI International Mobile User Number

IMUN International Mobile User Number

IMUX Inverse MUtipleXer

I

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

IN Intelligent Network

IN Interrogating Node

IN/1, IN/1+, IN/2 Intelligent Network Concepts

INA Individual Number Allocation

INA Integrated Network Architecture

INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol

INCM Intelligent Network Conceptual Model

INDB Intelligent Network Data Base

INE Intelligent Network Element

INFA Intelligent Network Functional Architecture

INFOSEC INFOrmation systems SECurity

INIC ISDN Network Identification Code

INIM ISDN Network Interface Module

INMC International Network Management Center

INMS Integrated Network Management System

INN Internal Network Number

INOS Intelligent Network Operations System

INP Interim Number Portability

INP INtermodulation Products

INPA Interchangeable Numbering Plan Area

in/s inches per second

INS Inertial Navigation System

INS Intelligent Network Service

INS Interconnection Network Subsystem

INT INTernet

INT Roaming Intermediary

INTELSAT INTernational TELecommunication

SATellite organisation

InterNIC Internet Network Information Centre

INTFC Interface

INWATS Inward Wide-Area Telephone Service

I/O Input/Output

IOC Independent Operating Carrier

IOC Initial Operational Capability

IOC Input-Output Controller

IOC Integrated Optical Circuit

IOC Inter Office Channel

IOD Identified Outward Dialling

IOPS Internet Operators’ Providers Services

IOS Internet Operating System

IOT Inter Office Trunk

IOT Inter Operator Tariff

IP Information Provider

IP Integrated/Intelligent Peripheral

IP Intelligent Peripheral

IP Intermodulation Products

IP Internet Protocol

IPA Intermediate Power Amplifier

IPC Information Processing Centre

IPCP IP Control Protocol

IPDC Internet Protocol Device Control

IPDR Internet Protocol Detail Record

IPE Intelligent Peripheral Equipment

IPEI International Portable Equipment Identities

IPM Interference Prediction Model

IPM Internal Polarization Modulation

IPM Interpersonal Messaging system

Ip/m interruptions / impulses per minute

IPN Intelligent Peripheral Node

IPNG Internet Protocol Next Generation

IPNS ISDN PBX Networking Specification

IPO Initial Public Offering

IPP Independent Payment Provider

IPR Intellectual Property Rights

Ip/s Interruptions per second

Ip/s Instructions per second

IPS7 Internet Protocol Signalling 7

IPSec Internet Protocol Security

I

74 7 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

IPT IP Telephony

IP-VPN Internet Protocol – Virtual Private Network

IPX Inter-network Packet eXchange

IQF Intrinsic Quality Factor

IR InfraRed

IR Intelligent Roaming

IRAP International Roaming Access Protocols

IRAS Internet Routing & Access Service

IRC International Record Carrier

IRC International Roaming Coordinator

IRC Internet Relay Chat

IRD Integrated Receiver-Decoder

IREG International Roaming Experts Group

IrLAN Infrared LAN

IrLAP Infrared Link Access Protocol

IRM International Roaming Mobile Identification Number

IROM Internal Read-Only Memory

IROS Internet Radio Operating System

IRP Independent Routing Processor

IRSC International Roaming Signalling Converter

IRTF Interstandard Roaming Task Force

IS Information Systems

IS Interim Standard

IS Intermediate System

IS-95 Cellular Standard, also known as CDMA

IS-136 TDMA US Cellular Standard, also known as D-AMPS

ISA Industry Standard Architecture

ISAKMP Internet Security Association and Key

Management Protocol

ISB Independent SideBand

ISC International Switching Centre

ISCTX Integrated Services CenTreX

ISDL Intergrated Services Digital Network

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISDNUP Integrated Services Digital Network User Part

ISI Inter Symbol Interference

ISL Inter-Satellite Link applications

ISL ISDN Signalling Link

ISM Industrial, Scientific & Medical

ISM ISDN Standards Management

ISMA Interference Sense Multiple Access

ISN Information Systems Network

ISORM ISO Reference Model

ISP Internet Service Provider

ISP ISDN Signal Processor

IS-PBX Integrated Services Private Branch eXchange

ISPC International Signalling Point Code

ISR International Simple Resale license

ISS Intelligent Services Switch

ISS Inter-Satellite Service

ISSI InterSwitching Interface

IST Information Services Technology

ISUP ISDN User Part

IT Information Technology

IT Internet Telephony

ITA Integrated Trunk Access

ITA Interim Type Approval

ITA International Telegraph Alphabet

ITC Independent Telephone Company

ITC Information Transfer Capability

ITN Independent Telecommunications Network

ITN Individual Telephone Number Pooling

ITR Interface to Transmission

ITS Intelligent Transportation System

ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider

ITT International Telegraph and Telephone

ITTP Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol

ITU International Telecommunication Union

I

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

IT&T Information Technology & Telecommunications

IUF Implementation Under Test

IUN International UMTS Number

IUO Intelligent Underlay-Overlay

IUT Implementation Under Test

IVA Integrated Voice Application

IVDLAN Integrated Voice/Data Local Area Network

IVDM Integrated Voice Data Multiplexer

IVDT Integrated Voice & Data Terminal

IVN InterVening Network

IVR Internet Voice Recognition

IVR Interactive Voice Response

IVS Interactive Video Service

IWF Inter Working Function

IWMSC Inter Working MSC

IWU Inter Working Unit

IXC InterEXchange Carrier

JAE Java Application Environment

JDC Japanese Digital Cellular

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

JTACS Japanese TACS

K Kelvin / coefficient of absorption

K Kilo

kbit/s kilo bits per second

kbps kilo bits per second

KB Knowledge Base

Kc ciphering Key

KDC Key Distribution Centre

KDR Keyboard Data Recorder

KDT Keyboard Display Terminal

KG Key Generator

Kgms kilogram-meter-second

kHz kiloHertz

KIi subscriber authentication key

KSG Keystream Generators

KSI Key Set Identifier

KSR Keyboard Send / Receive device

KSU Key Service Unit

KSW Kiloport SWitchboard

KSWX KSW eXpander halfsize board

kT noise power density

KTI Key Telephone Interface

KTS Key Telephone System

KTU Key Telephone Unit

kW kiloWatt

K

J

7 8 7 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

L2CA Logical Link Controller & Adaptation

L2CAP Logical Link Controller & Adaptation Protocol

L2ML Layer 2 Management Link

L2R Level 2 Relay function

L2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol

LAC Link Access Control

LAC Location Area Code

LADS Local Area Data Service

LAI Location Area Identification/Identity

LAM Line Adaptor Module

LAMA Local Automatic Message Accounting

LAN Local Area Network

LANE Local Area Network Emulation

LANS Local Area Network Services

LANX LAN eXtender half size board

LAP LAN Access Point

LAP Link Access Procedure

LAP Lower Address Part

LAPB Link Access Protocol Balanced

LAPD Link Access Protocol Digital channel

LAPDm Link Access Protocol Dm channel

LAPF Link Access Procedure for Frame mode

bearer services

LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems

LAPX Link Access Procedure half-dupleX

LASINT LASer INTelligence

LASS Local Areas Signalling Services

LAST Local Area Signalling Services

LAT Local Area Transport

LATA Local Access & Transport Area

LAV Least Acceptable Value

LAW Local Area Wireless

LBO Line BuildOut

LBS Location Based Services

LC Limited Capability

LC Link Controller

LCA Local Calling Area

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCGN Logical Channel Group Number

L-CH Logical CHannel

LCM Line Concentrator Module

LCN Local Communication Network

LCN Logical Channel Number

LCP Link Control Processor

LCP Link Control Protocol

LCR Least Cost Routing

LCSS Link Controller Service Signalling

LD Long Distance

LD Loop Disconnect

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDC Long Distance Carrier

LDDI Local Distributed Data Interface

LDM Limited Distance Modem

LDN Listed Directory Number

LDS Local Digital Services

LDS Local Digital Switch

LE LAN Emulation

LE-ARP LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol

LE Local Exchange

LEAP Light Extensible Authentication Protocol

LEC Local Exchange Carrier

LED Light Emitting Diode

LEN Line Equipment Number

LEO Low Earth Orbit

LEOs Low Earth Orbit satellites

LERG Local Exchange Routing Guide

LES Land Earth Station

LES LAN Emulation Services

L

8 0 8 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

LET Line Equipment Transfer

LF Line Feed

LF Low Frequency

LFB Lookahead For Busy

LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register

LGE Loop or Ground-Start Exchange

LGS Loop or Ground-Start Subscriber

LI Length Indicator

LIAR Limited Inquiry Access Node

LIDB Line Information DataBase

LIFO Last-In First-Out

LIM Link Interface Module

LIP Large Internet Packet

LIR Location Identification Restriction

LIS Local Interconnection Service

LIS Logical IP Subnet

LIU Line Interface Unit

LL Leased Line

LLB Line Loop Back

LLC Logical Link Control

LLC Low Layer Compatibility

LLF Line Link Frame

l/m lines per minute

Lm traffic channel

LM Link Manager

LMC Loop Maintenance Centre

LMDS Local Multipoint Digital Services

LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution System

LMEI Layer Management Entity Identifier

LMF Language Media Format

LMF Location Management Function

LMI Local Management Interface

LMOS Loop Maintenance Operations System

LMP Link Manager Protocol

LMR Land Mobile Radio

LMS Land Mobile Service

LMS Local Message Switch

LMS Least Mean Square

LMSI Local Mobile Station Identity

LMSS Land Mobile Satellite Service

LMT Local Maintenance Terminal

LNA Launch Numerical Aperture

LNA Local Numbering Area

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

LNC Low Noise Converter

LND Last Number Dialled

LNM LAN Network Management

LNNI LANE Network-to-Network Interface

LNP Local Number Portability

LO Local Operator

LO Local Oscillator

LOCI LOCation Information

LOF Lowest Operating Frequency

LORAN LOng-Range Aid to Navigation system

LOS Line Of Sight

LOS Loss Of Signal

LP Language Preference

LP Linear Programming

LP Linearly Polarised

LP Linking Protection

LP Log-Periodic

LP01 Fundamental mode (of an optical fibre)

LPA Linear Power Amplification

LPC Linear Predictive Code

LPD Low Power Device

LPD Low Probability of Detection

LPDE Local Position Determining Entity

LPDU Link Protocol Data Unit

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S L

8 2 8 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

lpi lines per inch

LPI Low Probability of Interception

LPMN Local PMN

lpm lines per minute

LQA Link Quality Analysis

LR Location Register

LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check

LREC LT long RECtangularly Encoded pulse shape

LRF Location Registration Function

LRN Location Routing Number

LS Liaison Statement

LSAP Link Service Access Point

LSB Least Significant Bit

LSB Lower Side Band

LSI Large Scale Integration

LSI Line Status Indication

LSL Link Support Layer

LSMS Local Service Management System

LSP Local Service Provider

LSPI Local Service Provider Identification

LSPSD Low Speed Packet Switched Data

LSR Label Switch Router

LSSU Link Status Signal Unit

LSTR Listener SideTone Rating

LSU Line Switch Unit

LT Line Termination

LTB Last Trunk Busy

LTC Line Traffic Coordinator

LTE Line Termination Equipment

LTE Local Terminal Emulator

LTU Line Termination Unit

LU Line Unit

LU Local Unit

LUDT Long Unit Data Message

LURM Location Update Request Message

LUF Lowest Usable high Frequency

LULT Line-Unit-Line Termination

LUNI LANE User Network Interface

LUNT Line Unit Network Termination

LV Low Voltage

LVR Local Voucher Recharge

LXT Local eXchange Terminal

L

8 4 8 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

M Mega

M & PC Mobile & Personal Communications

M2M Machine to Machine

MA Mobile Allocation

MAC Medium Access Control

MAC Message Authentication Code

MAC Mobile Attenuation Code

MAC Multiplexed Analogue Components

MACA Mobile Assisted Channel Allocation

MACN Mobile Allocation Channel Number

MADN Multiple Appearance Directory Number

MAF Management Application Function

MAF Mobile Additional Function

MAH Mobile Access Hunting

MAHO Mobile Assisted HandOff

MAI Mobile Allocation Index

mailext mail extensions

MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset

MAI Multiple Access Interference

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol

MAP Mobile Application Part

MAPI Messaging Applications Programming Interface

MAPs Multiple Access Protocols

MAS Mobile Application Subsystem

MAS Multiple Address System

MASE Mobile Application Support Environment

MASER Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated

Emission of Radiation

MAT Metropolitan Area Trunk

MATSE Mobile Automatic Telephone System Europe

MAU Medium Access Unit

MAU Multi-station Access Unit

MB Megabyte

MBFT Multipoint Binary Transfer File

MBONE Multicast Backbone

Mbps Millions of bit per second

MBS Message Building System

MBS Mobile Base Station

MBS Mobile Broadband System

Mbit/s Mega bits per second

MC Main Cross-connect

MC Message Center

MC Multi-Carrier

MCC Maintenance Control Circuit

MCC Mobile Control Channel

MCC Mobile Country Code

MCCF Mobile Call Control Function

MCE Multi-Protocol Encapsulation

MCF Message Communication Functions

MCHO Mobile Controlled Hand-off

MCI Malicious Call Identification

MCM Multi Carrier Modulation

MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier

Mcpc Million Chips-per-second

MCPC Multiple Channel Per Carrier

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MCS Master Control System

MCS Multipoint Communications Service

MCTD Maximum Cell Transfer Delay

MCU Master Control Unit

MCU Multipoint Control Unit

MCVF MultiChannel Voice Frequency

MCW Modulated Continuous Wave

MD Mediation Device

MD Message Display

MDBS Mobile Data Base Station

MDC Meridian Digital Centrex

M

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

MDCP Media Device Control Protocol

MDF Main Distribution Frame

MDI Mobile Data Initiative

MD-IS Mobile Data-Intermediate System

MDLP Mobile Data Link Protocol

MDN Mobile Dialling Number

MDN Mobile Directory Number

MDR Memory Data Register

MDS Multipoint Distribution Service

MDSL Moderate speed Digital Subscriber Line

MDT Manufacturer’s Delegated Testing

MDT Mean Down Time

MDTP Media Device Transport Protocol

MDTRS Mobile Digital Trunked Radio Systems

MDVC Mobile Digital Voice Channel

ME Maintenace Entity

ME Mobile Equipment

MEA Message Encryption Algorithm

MEECN Minimum Essential Emergency

Communications Network

MEF Maintenance Entity Function

Megaco Media Gateway Control Protocol

MEL Multos Executable Language

MEMO Multimedia Environment for Mobile

MEO Mid Earth Orbit

MERCAST MERchant-ship broadCAST system

MERS Most Economical Route Selection

MES Master Earth Station

MES Mobile End System

Messenger Racal Standard for wireless packet data networks

MexE Mobile Execution Environment

MF Master File

MF Mediation Function block

MF Medium/Multi Frequency

MF MultiFrame

MFAS Multi Frame Alignment Signal

MFC MultiFrequency Code

MFD Mode Field Diameter

MFJ Modification of Final Judgement

MFLOPS Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second

MFM Modified Frequency Modulation

MFSK Multiple Frequency Shift Keying

MG Media Gateway

MGC Media Gateway Controller

MGCF Media Gateway Control Function

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol

MGW Media GateWay

MHF Medium High Frequency

MHN MultiHop Network

MHS Message Handling System

MHU Message Handler Unit

MHz MegaHertz

MIC Medium Interface Connector

MIC Minimum Ignition Current

MIC Mobile Interface Controller

MIC Monolithic Integrated Circuit

MIC Mutual Interface Chart

MID Message/Multiplexing IDentifier

MIDA Multiple Integrated Digital Access

MIDS Multifunctional Information Distribution System

MILNET MILitary NETwork

MIL-STD MILitary STandarD

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

MIMESGLM MIME content-type for SGML documents

MIN Mobile Identification Number

MIP Medium Interface Point

MIP Mobile IP

MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second

M

8 8 8 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

MIS Management Information Systems

MIX Multimedia Internet eXchange

Mks meter-kilogram-second

MLP Multi-Layer Protocol

MLC MultiLink Control field

MLP MultiLink Protocol

MLPP MultiLevel Precedence & Pre-emption service

MLPPP MultiLink Point-to-Point Protocol

MLS Mobile Location Services

MLSE Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation

MM Maritime Mobile system

MM Mobility Management

MMB MultiMetric Band

MMDS Microwave Multichannel Distribution System

MMDS Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution Service

MME Mobile Management Entity

MMF MultiMode Fiber

MMI Man Machine Interface

MMIC Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit

MML Man Machine Language

MMM Mobile Media Mode

MMS More Messages to Send

MMS Multimedia Messaging Service

MMS span line identifier

MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error

MMSK Modified Minimum Shift Keying

MMSS Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

MMUSIC Multiparty MUltimedia SessIon Control

MMW MilliMeter Wave

MN Message sent from Network

MNC Mobile Network Code

MNIC Mobile Network Identification Code

MNLP Mobile Network Location Protocol

MNO Mobile Network Operator

MNP Microcom Networking Protocol

MNP Mobile Number Portability

MNRP Mobile Network Registration Protocol

MNT MaiNTenance

MO Mobile Originated

MobiteTM Ericsson standard for wireless packed data networks

MOC Mobile Originated Calls

MO/PP Mobile Originated Point-to-Point messages

MODEM MOdulator DEModulator

MOMENTS MObile Media ENTertainment Service

MOMUSYS MObile MUltimedia SYStem

MOO Mud - Object Oriented

MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol

MOS Mean Opinion Score

MOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPF

MOSTRAIN MObile services for high speed TRAINs

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MOU Minutes Of Use

MP Multilink Protocol

MP MultiPlexing

MPC Mobile Position Centre

MPCAP Mobility Positioning CAPabilities

MPCI Mobile Protocol Capability Indicator

MPE Maximum Permissible Exposure

MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group

MPH Management PHysical layer

MPLPC Multiple Pulse Linear Predictive Coding

MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching

MPLS Multi-Protocol Layer Switching

MPOA MultiProtocol Over Asynchronous Transfer Mode

MPPI Message Processing Performance Issue

MPPP Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol

MPT Ministry of Post & Telegraph

MPTY MultiParTY

M

9 0 9 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

MPX MultiPleXed

MR Message Reference

MRE Mobile Radio Endpoint

MRN Mobile Roaming Number

MRO Maintenance and Replacement Operations

MRP Market Representation Partner

MRP Mouth Reference Point

MRRA Mobile Radio Resource Allocation

MRRC Mobile Radio Resource Control

MRTR Mobile Radio Transmission and Reception

MRVT Message Transfer Part Routing Verification Test

ms millisecond

MS Mobile Service

MS Mobile Station

MS Multiplexing Sublayer

MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area

MSB Most Significant Bit

MSC Message Sequence Chart

MSC Mobile Switching Centre

MSC Modem Status Command

MSC Multipath Search Coding

MSCA Mobile Switching Centre Address

MSCIN Mobile Switching Centre Identification Number

MSCM Mobile Station Class Mark

MSCP Mobile Service Control Point

MSCS MSC-Server

MSCU Mobile Station Control Unit

MSE Mobile Subscriber Equipment

msec millisecond

MSF Mobile Serving Function

MSI Mobile waiting Set Indication

MSI Multiple Serial Interface board

MSID Mobile Station Identifier

MSIN Mobile Station Identification Number

MSISDN Mobile Station International ISDN Number

MSK Minimum Shift Keying

MSM More Short Messages

MSO Multiple System Operator

MSP Multiple Subscriber Profile

MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

MSS Mobile Satellite System/Services

MSSHO Mobile Speed Sensitive Hand Over

MSU Message Signal Unit

MT Message Type

MT Mobile Termination

MT/PP Mobile Terminated Point-to-Point messages

MTA Major Trading Area

MTA Message Transfer System/Agent

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

MTBM Mean Time Between Maintenance

MTBO Mean Time Between Outages

MTBPM Mean Time Between Preventive Maintenance

MTBR Mean Time Before Repair

MTC Mobile Terminated Calls

MTF Modulation Transfer Function

MTI Message Type Indicator

MTM Mobile-To-Mobile

MTP Message Transfer Part

MTRN Mobile Terminal Roaming Number

M&TS Maintenance & Trouble Shooting

MTS Message Telecommunications Service

MTS Message Toll Service

MTS Mobile Telephone System

MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching Office

MTSR Mean Time to Service Restoral

MTTF Mean Time To Failure

MTTR Mean Time To Repair

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit

M

9 2 9 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

MTX Mobile Telephone eXchange

MU Mark Up

MU Message Unit

MUB MultiUse Bearer service

MUD Multi-User Dimension

MUF Maximum Usable Frequency

MUI Multimedia User Interface

MUMS Multi User Mobile Station

MUSE Multi-User Simulated Environment

MUX MUltipleXer

MVDS Microwave Video Distribution System

MVIP Multi Vendor Integration Protocol

MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator

MVPN Mobile Virtual Private Network

MVS Multiple Virtual Storage

MW MicroWave

MWI Message Waiting Indicator

MWN Message Waiting Notification

MWNE Managed Wireless Network Entity

MWS Message Waiting Set

MWS Multimedia Wireless Systems

MWV Maximum Working Voltage

MX Mobile eXchange

MXB Mobile eXchange for Base station

n nano / refractive index

N Network

N0 sea level refractivity

N0 spectral noise density

NA Numerical Aperture

NA Network Adapter

NA Network Address

NA Netwok Architecture

NA Network Aspects

NAC Network Access Centre

NACD Network Automatic Call Distribution

NACK Non ACKnowledgment

NACN North American Cellular Network

NACSEM National Communications Security

Emanation Memorandum

NACSIM National Communications Security

Information Memorandum

NADCS North American Digital Cellular Standards

NAI Network Access Identifier

NAL Network Adaption Layer

NAM Number Assignment Module

N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone System

NANP North American Numbering Plan

NANPA North American Numbering Plan Administrator

NAP Network Access Point

NAP Network Access Provider

NAPI Numbering/Addressing Plan Identifier

NAS Network Application Support

NAS Non-Access Stratum

NAT Network Address Translation

NATAP North American TAP

NAU Network Accessible Unit

NAVSTAR-GPS Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging

– Global Positioning System

N

9 4 9 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

NB Normal Burst

NBAP Node B Application Protocol

NBFM Narrow Band Frequency Modulation

NBH Network Busy Hour

NBMA NonBroadcast MultiAccess

NBRVF Narrow Band Radio Voice Frequency

NBSV Narrow Band Secure Voice

NC Network Channel

NCAS Non-Call Associated Signalling

NCC National Coordinating Center for

Telecommunications

NCC Network (PMN) Colour Code

NCC Network Control Centre

NCCF Network Communications Control Facility

NCCS Network Control Centre System

NCELL Neighbouring CELL

NC-FSK Non Coherent Frequency Shift Keying

NCH Notification CHannel

NCI Network Control Interface

NCOP Network Code Of Practice

NCP Network Configuration Process

NCP Network Control Point

NCP Network Control Program

NCP Network Control Protocol

NCS National Communications System

NCS Net Control Station

NCS Network Call Signalling

NCTE Network Channel Terminating Equipment

NDC National Destination Code

NDCS Network Data Control System

NDER National Defence Executive Reserve

NDIS Network Device Interface Standard

NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification

NDO Network Design Order

NDSF Non-Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

NDT No Dial Tone

NDUB Network Determined User Busy

NE Network Element

NEACP National Emergency Airborne Command Post

NEC National Electric Code

NEF Network Element Function

NEL Network Element Layer

NEP Noise Equivalent Power

NES Noise Equivalent Signal

NET NETwork

NET Normes Européennes de Télécommunication

NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System

NETID NETwork Identifier

NEXT Near End Cross Talk

NF Noise Figure

NF Network Function

NFA Network Functional Architecture

NFAS Non-Facility-Associated Signalling

NFS Network File System

NGDLC Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier

NGN Next Generation Network

NGNA Next Generation Network Access

NGW Network GateWay

NHRP Next Hop Routing Protocol

NI Network Identity

NI Network Interconnect

NI Network Interface

NI Number Incomplete

NIA Network Interface Adapter

NIC Nearly Instantaneous Compounding

NIC Network Independent Clocking

NIC Network Interface Card

NIC Network Information Centre

N

9 6 9 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

NICE Network Information & Control Exchange

NICS NATO Integrated Communications System

NID Network IDentification

NID Network Information Database

NID Network Interface Device

NID Network Inward Dialling

NIF Network Interface Function

NIO Network Input Ouput

NIOD Network Inward / Outward Dialling

NIP Number Identification Presentation

N-ISDN Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network

NITZ Network Identity and Time Zone

NIU Network Interface Unit

NL Network Layer

NLA Network Layer Address

NLDM Network Logical Data Manager

NLK Network LinK processors

NLOS Near Line Of Sight

NLP National Level Program

NLPI Network Layer Protocol Identifier

NLPID Network Layer Protocol IDentifier

NLSP Netware Link Services Protocol

nm nanometer

NM Network Management/Module

NMC Network Management Centre

NMCS National Military Command System

nmi nautical mile

NML Network Management Layer

NMP Network Management Protocol

NMS Network Management System

NMSI National Mobile Station Identification Number

NMSI National Mobile Subscription Identity

NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone system

NN Network Node

NNI Network Node Interface

NNI Network to Network Interface

NNTP Network News Transport Protocol

NO Network Operator

NOAF Network OperAtor Facility

NOC Network Operations Center

NOCC Network Operations Control Centre

NOD Network Outward Dialling

NOI Notice Of Inquiry

NOS Network Operating System

NOTE Network Office Terminating Equipment

Np Neper

NP Network Performance

NP Number Portability

NPA Numbering Plan Area

NPAC Number Portability Administration Center

NPC Network Parameter Control

NPDB Number Portability Database

NPDE Network Position Determining Entity

NPDU Network layer Protocol Data Unit

NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit

NPI Numbering Plan Identification

NPI Numbering Plan Indicator

NPM Non-Public Mode service

NPR Noise Power Ratio

NPRD Number Portability Routing Protocol

NPRN Network Performance Report Message

NRAM Nonvolatile Random Access Memory

NRI Net Radio Interface

NRM Network Reference Model

NRM Network Resource Manager

NRN Network Routing Number

NRRC Nuclear Risk Reduction Centre

NRS Network Routing System

N

9 8 9 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

NRT Near Real Time

NRTRDE Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange

NRZ Non-Return-to-Zero

NRZ-1 Non-Return-to-Zero - change on ones

NRZ-I Non-Return-to-Zero - Inverted

NRZ-M Non-Return-to-Zero - Mark

NRZ-S Non-Return-to-Zero - Space

ns nanosecond

NS/EP telecoms National Security or Emergency

Preparedness Telecommunications

NSA Network Service Address

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NSAPA Network Service Access Point Address

NSC Network Service Centre

NSDPB&S Non-Signalling Data Protocol for Billing & Settlement

NSDPF Non-Signalling Data Protocol for Fraud

NSDU Network Service Data Unit

NSF Network Specific Facilities

NSI Network Service Interface

NSMN National Significant Mobile Number

NSN National Significant Number

NSP National Signalling Point

NSP Network Service Provider

NSP Native Signal Processing

NSP Network Service Protocol

NSS Network Support System

NSS Network Switching Subsystem

N-STP National Signalling Transfer Point

NT Network Termination

NT New Technology

NTCN National Telecommunications Coordinating Network

NTDS Naval Tactical Data System

NTE Network Terminating Equipment

NTI Network Terminating Interface

NTMS National Telecommunications

Management Structure

NTN Network Terminal Number

NTO Network Terminal Option

NTP Network Termination Point

NTP Network Time Protocol

NTS Network Test System

NTS Number Translation Service

NTT Numbered Test Trunk

NTU Network Termination Unit

NU Network Unit

NUA Network User Access

NUI Network User Identifier

NUID Network User IDentification

NUP National User Part

NV/NG Non-Voice/Non-Geostationary

NVIS Near-Vertical Incidence Sky wave

NVM Non Volatile Memory

NVP Network Voice Protocol

nW nanoWatt

N/W NetWork

NWM National Wireless Network

NXX Network Numbering eXchange

N

1 0 0 1 0 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

OA Originated Address

OA Outgoing Access

OAA Over-the-Air Activation

O&M Operations and Maintenance

OACSU Off Air Call Set-Up

OAI Open Application Interface

OAM Operations, Administration & Maintenance

OAT Mobile Office Automation Telecoms

OATS Over-the-Air Activation Teleservice

OBEX Object Exchange protocol

OC Operations Center

OC Operation Code

OC Optical Carrier

OCB Outgoing Calls Barred

OCC Other Common Carriers

OCDD On-line Call Detail Data

OCN Operating Company Number

OCR Optical Character Reader/Recognition

OCS Oceanic Control System

OCS Originating Call Screening

OCS Outgoing Call Services

OCU Orderwire Control Unit

OD Optical Density

OD Outside Diameter

ODA Open Document Architecture

ODB Operator Determined Barring

ODIF Open Document Interchange Format

ODMA Opportunity Driven Multiple Access

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

OET Office of Engineering & Technology

OFC Optical Fibre, Conductive

OFCP Optical Fibre, Conductive, Plenum

OFCR Optical Fibre, Conductive, Riser

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

OFN Optical Fibre, Nonconductive

OFNP Optical Fibre, Nonconductive, Plenum

OFNR Optical Fibre, Nonconductive, Riser

OFR Off Frequency Rejection

OFX Open Financial eXchange

OGM Out-Going Message

OGT OutGoing Trunk

OHVA Off-Hook Voice Announce

OID Object Identifier

OLAP Online Analytical Processing

OLC Optical Loop Carrier

OLC OverLoad Control

OLI Originating Line Indicator

OLNS Originating Line Number Screening

OLOS Obstructed Line of Sight

OLR Overall Loudness Rating

O&M Operations & Maintenance

OMAP Operations & Maintenance Application Parts

OMC Operations & Maintenance Centre

OMC-IN Operations & Maintenance

Centre-Intelligent Network

OMCR OMC-Radio part

OMCS OMC-Switch part

OMCT Operations & Maintenance Centre-Transmission

OMCWAN Operations & Maintenance Centre-Wide

Area Network

OML Operations & Maintenance Link

OMM Operation & Maintenance Module

OMP Operations & Maintenance Processor

OMS Operations & Maintenance System

OMT Operations & Maintenance Terminal

ONA Open Network Architecture

ONAL Off-Network Access Line

ONC Open Network Computing

O

1 0 2 1 0 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

ONI Operator Number Identification

ONMS Open Network Management Systems

ONP Open Network Provision

ONU Optical Network Unit

OOK On-Off Keying

OOS Out Of Service

OPC Originating Point Code

opm operations per minute

OPMODEL OPerations MODEL

OPSEC OPerations SECurity

OPSP Originating Participation Service Provider

OPTS Over-the-Air Programming Teleservice

OPX Off-Premises eXtension

OQPSK Offset Staggered Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

OR Off-Route service

OR Optimised Routing

ORB Object Request Broker

ORM Optically Remote switching Module

OS Operating System

OSA Open Service Architecture

OSF Operations Systems Function block

OSI Objective Systems Integrator

OSI Open Switching Interval

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSINET OSI NETwork

OSIRM Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

OSITOP Open Systems Interconnection Technical & Office

Protocol

OSN Operations System Network

OSP Operator Service Provider

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OSRI Originating Stations Routing Indicator

OSS Operation Subsystem

OSS Operational Support System

OSS Operator Specific Services

OSS Operator Service Switch

OSS7 Operator Services Signalling System 7

OSSN Originating Stations Serial Number

OTA Over The Air

OTAM Over The Air Management

OTAPA Over the Air Parameter Administration

OTAR Over The Air Rekeying

OTASP Over the Air Service Provisioning

OTC Operating Telephone Company

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTI Open Telecom Infrastructure

OTP One Time Password authentication

OVHM OverHead Message

OW OrderWire

OWS Operator Workstation

O

1 0 4 1 0 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

8PSK Octantal Phase Shift Keying

p peta

p pico

PA Power Amplifier

PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchange

PACA Priority Access and Channel Assignment

PACS Personal Access Communications System

PACS Public Access Cordless System

PACT Personal Air Communications Technology

PACT Public Access Cordless Telephone

PACTS Public Access Cordless Telecommunication Service

PAD Packet Assembly/Disassembly facility

PAGE PABX Access

PAL Phase Alternation by Line

PAL Public Access Line

PAL-M Phase Alternation by Line – Modified

PAS Pass-Along Message

PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation

PAMA Pulse - Address Multiple Access

PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio

PAN Personal Area Network

PAN Public Access Network

PAP Packet Level Procedure

PAP Password Authentication Protocol

PAR Peak-to-Average Ratio

PAR Performance Analysis and Review

PAR Project Authorisation Request

PARAMP PARametric AMPlifier

PARS Private Advanced Radio Services

PAS Public Available Specifications

PAW Personal Area Wireless

PAX Private Automatic eXchange

PBER Pseudo Bit-Error Ratio

PBP Packet Burst Protocol

PBS Personal Base Station

PBX Private Branch eXchange

PC Path Control

PC Personal Computer

PC Point Code

PC Printed Circuit

PC Program Counter

PCB Power Circuit Breaker

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PCB Process Control Block

PCC Per Call Control

PCF Packet Control Function

PCH Paging CHannel

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCI Protocol Capability Indicator

PCI Protocol Control Information

PCM Plug Compatible Module

PCM Process Control Module

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCN Personal Communications Network

PCP Post Call Processing

PCP Power Control Pulse

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PCS Personal Communications Services / System

PCS Plastic-Clad Silica

PCS 1900 GSM network operating in 1900 MHz frequency band

PCSC Personal Communications Switching Centre

PCSN Private Circuit Switching Network

PCSR Parallel Channels Signalling Rate

PCT Private Communications Technology

PCTF Per Call Test Failure

PCTS Public Cordless Telephone Service

PCU Packet Control Unit

PD Packet Data

M A C H ’ S G U I D E # 7

P

1 0 6 1 0 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

PD PhotoDetector

PD Protocol Discriminator

PDA Personal Data/Digital Assistant

PDC Personal Digital Cellular

PDC Personal Digital Communication

PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDE Position Determining Entity

PDF Portable Document Format

PDI Protocol DIscriminator

PDM Pulse Delta / Duration Modulation

PDN Packet Data Network

PDN Public Data Network

PDP Packet Data Protocol

PDREG Power-Down Registration

PDS Program Data Source

PDS Protected / Power Distribution System

PDSCCF Packet Data Service Call Control Functions

PDSN Public Data Serving Node

PDT Programmable Data Terminal

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PE Phase-Encoded

PE Primary Exchange

PE Public Enquiry

PEAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol

PED Portable Electronic Devices

PEDC Pan European Digital Cellular

PEP Peak Envelope Power

pF picoFarad

PF Power Factor

PF Presentation Function

PFM Packet Forwarding Module

PFM Pulse-Frequency Modulation

PH Packet Handler

PH PHysical layer

PHI Packet Handler Interface

PHP Personal Handy Phone

PHS Packet Handling System

PHS Personal Handyphone System

PI Presentation Indicator

PI Protection Interval

PIA Programmable Interface Adapter

PIC Plastic Insulated Cable

PIC Point In Call

PIC Preferred Inter-exchange Carrier Code

PIC Primary Inter-exchange Carrier

PICC Primary Interexchange Carrier Charge

PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement

PID Premises Interface Device

PID Protocol IDentifier

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast

PIN Personal Identification Number

PING Packet INternet Groper

PINT PSTN and Internet Interworking

PINX Private Telecommunications Network eXchange

PIP Path Independent Protocol

PIP Pre-Impulsing Pulse

PIV Peak Inverse Voltage

PIX Parallel Interface eXtender half size board

PIXT Protocol Implementation eXtra information

for Testing

PKC Public Key Criptography

PKI Public Key Infrastructure

PL Physical Layer

PL Private Line

PL Programming Language

PLA Programmable Logic Array

PLAR Private Line Automatic Ringdown

PLB Payload Loop Back

M A C H ’ S G U I D E # 7

P

1 0 8 1 0 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

PLC Power Line Carrier

PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol

PLL Phased Locked Loop

PLT Power Line Telecommunications

PLN Private Line Network

PLP Packet Layer Protocol

PLR Pulse Link Repeater

PLS Physical Signalling Sublayer

PLS Private Line Service

PLSC Private Line Service Centre

PM Performance Management

PM Personal Mobility

PM Phase Modulation

PM Physical Medium

PM Polarisation-Maintaining

PM Preventive Maintenance

PM Phase / Pulse Modulation

PMBS Packet Mode Bearer Service

PMC Personal Mobile Communicator

PMC Public Mobile Carrier

PMD Physical Medium Dependent

PMN Public Mobile Network

PMNsel PMN selector

PMO Program Management Office

PMP Point-to-MultiPoint

PMR Private Mobile Radiocommunications

PMTS Public Mobile Phone System

PN Permanent Nucleus

PN Personal Number

PN Pseudo Noise

PNNI Private Network Node Interface

PNO Public Network Operator

PNS Personal Number Service

PNT Phone line Network Transceiver

PNT Private Network Terminatio

POC Public Operator’s Code

POD Programmable Option Devices

PODP Public office Dialling Plan

POH Path Overhead

POI POint of Interface / Interconnection

PON Passive Optical Network

POP Point of Presence

POP Post Office Protocol

POPs POPulation

POR Point of Return

PoS Packet over SONET

POSIT Profiles for Open Systems Interworking Technologies

POSIX Portable Operating System Interface

for computer environments

POT Point Of Termination

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service/System

POTS-C Plain Old Telephone Service-Centralised

POTS-R Plain Old Telephone Service-Remote

pp peak-to-peak

PP Point-to-Point

PP Polarization - Preserving

PP Portable Part

PPC Pay-Per-Call

PPDNs Public Packet Data Networks

PPE Primitive Procedure Entity

ppm parts per million

PPM Pulse Position Modulation

PPP Point to Point Protocol

PPPoA Point to Point Protocol over ATM

PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

pps pulses per second

PPSN Public Packet Switched Network

PPSS Public Packet Switched Service

P

1 1 0 1 1 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

PPTP Point to Point Tunnelling Protocol

PR Pulse Rate

PRA Primary Rate Access

PRAMP Power RAMP

PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence

PRC Premium Rate Charging

PRD Permanent Reference Document

Pref CUG Preferential CUG

PRF Pulse-Repetition Frequency

PRI Primary Rate Interface

PRM Pulse-Rate Modulation

PRMA Packet Reservation Multiple Access

PRN Provide Roaming Number

PRNG Pseudo Random Noise Generation

PROM Programmable Read Only Memory

PRP Primary Routing Point

PRR Pulse Repetition Rate

PRS Primary Reference Source

PRSL PRimary area Switch Locator

Ps location Probabilities

PS Packet Switched

PS Paging Systems

PS Permanent Signal

PS Personal Station

PSAP Presentation Service Access Point

PSAP Public Service Answering Point

PSB Public Service Board

PSC Public Service Commission

PS-CN Public Switched Core Network

PSDN Packet Switched Data Network

PSDS Public Switched Digital Service

PSE Packet Switching Exchange

PSI Packet Switching Interface

PSI Peripheral System Interconnect

PSID Private System IDentifier

psi pounds [force] per square inch

PSK Phase Shift Keying

PSM Protocol/Service Multiplexer

PSN Public Switched Network

PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network

PSQM Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement

PSRCP Public Safety Radio Communications Project

p-static precipitation static

PSS1 Private Signalling System number 1

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PSTS Public Switched Telephone Service

PSU Packet Switch Unit

PSU Power Supply Unit

PSW Pure Sine Wave

PSX Power System eXchange

PT Payload Type

PT Pocket Telephone

PTE Path Terminal Equipment

PTF Patch and Test Facility

PTI Packet/Payload Type Identifier

PTM Packet Transfer Mode

PTM Packet Transport Mode

PTM Point-to-Multipoint

PTM Pulse-Time Modulation

PTM-SC Point-To-Multipoint Service Centre

PTM-TC Packet Transfer Mode Transmission Convergence

PTN Personal Telephone Number

PTN Public Telecommunication Network

PTNO Public Telecommunication Network Operator

PTNX Private Telecommunications Network eXchange

PTO Public Telecommunication Operator

PTP Point-To-Point

P

1 1 2 1 1 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

PTS Public Telecommunications System

PTT Post Telephone & Telegraph

PTT Push-To-Talk

PTTC Paper Tape Transmission Code

PTTI Precise Time and Time Interval

PU Power Unit

PUCT Price per Unit Currency Table

PUI Personal User Identity

PUK Personal Unblocking Key

PUREG Power-Up REGistration

PV Protocol Version

PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit

PVCC Permanent Virtual Channel Connection

PVN Private Virtual Network

PVP Permanent Virtual Path

PVPC Permanent Virtual Path Connection

PVXC Pulse Vector eXcitation Coding

pW picoWatt

PW PassWord

PWA Predicted Word-length Assignment

PWC Personal Wireless Communicators

PWM Pulse-Width Modulation

pWp picoWatt - psophometrically weighted

pWp0 picowatts - relative to a 0TLP

PWR PoWeR

PWT Personal Wireless Telephone

pX peak envelope power (in dB)

PX peak envelope power (in watts)

PX Private eXchange

PXML Private eXchange Master List

pY mean power [in dB]

PY mean power [in watts]

pZ carrier power [in dB]

PZ carrier power [in watts]

QA Quality Assurance

QA Q (Interface)-Adapter

QAF Q-Adapter Function

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QAPSK Quadrature Amplitude Phase Shift Keying

Q-bit Qualified data bit

QC Quality Control

QCELP Quadrature Code Excited Linear Prediction

QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format

QCPM Quadrature Continuous Phase Modulation

QEAN Quick Entry Access Number

QLLC Qualified Logical Link Control

QMF Quadrature Mirror Filter

QMR Qualitative Material Requirement

QORC Quadrature Over-lapped Raised Cosine

QoR Querry on Release

QoS Quality of Service

QPAM Quadrature Phase Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

QPSX Queued Packet Synchronous eXchange

QPSK-C Queued Packet Synchronous eXchange-Compatible

QRC Quick Reaction Capability

QRS Quasi Random Signal

QRSS Quasi Random Signals Sequence

QSIG global DSS1 based signalling system

for corporate networks

QSTAG Quadripartite Standardisation Agreement

QUE Call QUEing

Q

1 1 4 1 1 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

R Ring

R Route service

RA RAndom mode request information field

RA Remote Access

RAB Radio Access Bearer

RAB Random Access Burst

RACON RAdar beaCON

RACF Radio Access Control Function

RACH Random Access CHannel

RAD Radian Absorbed Dose

RADAR RAdio Detection And Ranging

RADHAZ electromagnetic RADiation HAZards

RADINT RADar INTelligence

RADIUS Remote Access Dial In User Service

RAD/RASP Remote Antenna Driver/Remote Antenna

Signal Power

RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line

RAI Routing Area Identifier

RAINBOW Radio Access INdependent Broadband On Wireless

RAM Random Access Memory

RAMDAC Random Access Memory

Digital-to-Analog Converter

RAN Radio Access Network

RANAP Radioa Access Network Application Part

RAND RANDom number

RAO Remote Access Outsourcing

RAP Radio local loop Access Profile

RAP Returned Account Procedure

RAP Remote Access Point

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RAS Remote Access Server

RASC Radio Access System Controller

RASP Remote Antenna Signal Processor

RAST global RAdio STandardisation

RATT RAdio TeleTypewriter system

RAX Rural Automatic eXchange

RBBS Residential BroadBand Service

RBER Residual Bit Error Ratio/Rate

RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company

RBS Radio Base Station

RBW Resolution BandWidth

RbXO Rubidium-crystal oscillator

RC Rate Centre

RC Reflection Coefficient

RC Repeating Coil

RC Resource Controller

RCA Regional Calling Area

RCC Radio Common Carrier

RCC Reverse Control Channel

RCE Remote Channel Extenders

RCF Remote Call Forwarding

RCF Routing Control Field

RCH Random Access Channel

RCL Release Complete Message

RCT ReCeption Time

RCU Remote Cell Unit

RCVR ReCeiVeR

RD Routing Domain

RDBS Routing Data Base System

RDC Remote Device Control

RDCCH Reverse Digital Control CHannel

RDF Radio Direction-Finding

RDF Remote Distribution Frame

RDF Route Designator Field

RDI Restricted Digital Information

RDQ Redirect Query Packet

RDS Radio Data System

RDSS Radio Determination Satellite Service

R

1 1 6 1 17

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

RDT Recall Dial Tone

RDT Remote Digital Terminal

RDTD Restricted Differential Time Delay

RE Radio Exchange

REA REcipient Address

REA Rural Electrification Administration

REAL Reconfigurable Embedded Architecture

Low-cost/low-power

REC RECommendation

RECC Reverse Analog Control Channel

RED Random Early Detection

REGNOT REGistration NOTification

REJ REJect(ion)

REL RELease

RELP Regular pulse Excitation Linear Predictive coding

REM Ring Error Monitor

REN Ringer Equivalent Number

REQ REQuest

RES Radio Equipment & Systems

ReTINA Real-time Telecommunications Information

Networking Architecture

RF Radio Frequency

RF Range Finder

RFA Radio Fixed Access

RFC Radio Frequency Channel

RFC Remote Feature Control

RFC Request For Comment

RFCH Radio Frequency CHannel

RFH Remote Frame Handler

RFI Radio Frequency Interference

RFI Request For Information

RFID Radio Frequency IDentification

RFM Radio Frequency Module

RFN Reduced TDMA Frame Number

RFS Radio Frequency System

RFS Ready For Service

RFSK Radio Frequency Shift Keying

RFTR Radio Frequency Transmission and Reception

RFU Reserved for Future Use

RH Relative Humidity

RHR Radio Horizon Range

RI Routing Indicator

RIC Radio Identity Code

RIF Routing Information Field

RII Routing Information Indicator

RILD Remote ISDN Line Drawer

RIM Request Initialisation Mode

RIP Routing IP Protocol

RIR Routing Information Request

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Chip / Computer

RJE Remote Job Entry

RL ReLay function

RLAN Radio-based Local Area Network

RLC Radio Link Control

RLCI Receive Line Clock Input

RLCM Remote Line Concentrating Module

RLCS Remote Live Call Screening

RLDI Receive Line Data Input

RLL Radio in the Local Loop

RLP Radio Link Protocol

RLR Receiver Loudness Rating

RLS RadioLocation Service

RLSD Receive Line Signal Detector

RLT Release Link Trunks

RMS Roaming Management System

RMS Root-Mean-Square

RMS-D1 Remote Measurement System Digital 1

RMTI Random Mobile Terminal Identity

R

1 1 8 1 1 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

RMUI Random Mobile User Identity

RNA Remote Network Access

RNC Radio Network Controller

RNCS RNC-Server

RNR Receive Not Ready

RNS Radio Network Subsystem

RNSAP Radio Network Subsystem Applicatopn Part

RNTABLE table of 128 integers in the hopping sequence

RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identity

RO Read Only

RO Receive Only

ROA Recognised Operating Agency

ROC Required Operational Capability

ROER Remote Operation ERror

ROH Receiver Off Hook

ROIV Remote Operation InVoke

ROM Read Only Memory

ROMP Remote Operations MicroProcessor

ROR Remote Outdoor Router

RORJ Remote Operation ReJect

RORS Remote Operation ReSult

ROS Remote Operation Services

ROSE Remote Operation Service Element

RP Radio Part

RP Registration Point

RP Reply Path

RP Roaming Partner

RPC Radio Port Controller

RPC Remote Procedure Call

RPCU Radio Port Control Unit

RPE Regular Pulse Excitation

RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Prediction

rpm rate per minute

rpm revolutions per minute

RPM Remote Packet Module

RPOA Recognised Private Operating Agency

RPR Resilient Packet Ring

rps revolutions per second

RPS Ring Parameter Server

RQ Repeat-reQuest

RR ITU Radio Regulations

RR Radio Resource

RR Receive Ready

RR Repetition Rate

RRC Radio Resource Control

RRM Radio Resource Management

RRP Registration RePly

RRQ Registration Reply Request

RSA Rural Service Area

RSC Remote Switching Centre

RSCV Route Selection Control Vector

RSDN regional Switched Digital Network

RSE Radio System Entity

RSFG Rote Server Functional Group

RSGCP Reliable Signalling Gateway Control Protocol

RSGP Reliable Signalling Gateway Protocol

RSID Residential System IDentifier

RSL Radio Signalling Link

RSL Received Signal Level

RSLEV-D Received Signal LEVel Downlink

RSLEV-U Received Signal LEVel Uplink

RSM Radio Sub-system Management

RSM Remote Switching Module

RSP Route Set Prohibited Test Message

RSQUAL-D Received Signal QUALity Downlink

RSQUAL-U Received Signal QUALity Uplink

RSR Restricted Test Message

RSS Radio SubSystem

R

1 2 0 1 2 1

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

RSS Received Signal Strength

RSS Remote Switch Subsystem

Rss Root-sum-square

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indications

RSU Remote Service Unit

RSU Remote Switching Unit

RSVP Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol

RSZI Regional Subscription Zone Identity

RT Real Time

RT Ringback Tone

RT Remote Terminal

RTA Remote Trunk Arrangement

RTE Remote Terminal Emulator

RTF Radio Terminal Function

RTOS Real Time Operating System

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol

RTP Release to Pivot Capability

RTS Request To Send

RTSE Remote Transfer Service Element

RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol

RTT Radio Transmission Technology

RTTU Remote Trunk Test Unit

RTTY Radio TeleTYpewriter

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

RTX Request To Transmit

RUIM Removable User Identity Module

RVA Reactive Volt Ampere

RVC Reverse Voice Channel

RWI Radio and Wire Integration

Rx Receive(r)

RXCDR Remote transCorDeR

RXLEV Received signal LEVel

RXLEV-D Received signal LEVel Downlink

RXLEV-U Received signal LEVel Uplink

RXQUAL Received signal QUALity

RXQUAL-D Received signal QUALity Downlink

RXQUAL-U Received signal QUALity Uplink

RXU Remote transcoder Unit

RZ Return-to-Zero

R

1 2 2 1 2 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

S () chromatic dispersion slope

SA Source Address

SA Switched Access

SAA Systems Application Architecture

SAAL Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer

SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode

SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended

SAC Service Access Code

SAC Source address Access Code

SAC Subscriber Access Control

SACCH Slow Associated Control CHannel

SACCH/C4 Slow Associated Control CHannel/SDCCH/4

SACCH/C8 Slow Associated Control CHannel/SDCCH/8

SACCH/T Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic channel

SACCH/TF Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic

channel Full rate

SACCH/TH Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic

channel Half rate

SADL Synchronous Auto Dial Language

SAI Service Area Interface

SAM Service Access Multiplexer

SAM Synchronous Access Mode

SAM System Administration Module

SAMBA System for Advanced Mobile Broadband Application

SAMI Service Access Multiplexer Interface

SAMPS System Assisted Mobile Positioning through Satellite

SAN Storage Area Network

SANC Signalling Area Network Code

SAP Service Access Point

SAPI Service Access Point Indicator/Identifier

SAR Segmentation And Reassembly

SAR Specific Absorption Rate

SARM Set Asynchronous Response Mode

SAS Security Acrreditation Scheme

SAS Special Access Surcharge

SASE Specific Application Service Elements

SAT Satellite

SAT Subscriber Access Termination

SAT Supervisory Audio Tone

SATAN System Administrator Tool for Analysing Networks

SAVD Simultaneous or Alternating Voice Data

SAW Surface Acoustics Wave

SB Synchronisation Burst

SBC Sub-Band Coding

S-BCCH System message-Broadcast Control CHannel

SBS Satellite Business Systems

SBS Strict Band Segmentation

SBSVC Selective Broadcast Signalling Virtual Channel

SC Service Centre

SC Service Code

SC Signalling Converter

SC Switching Centre

SCA Selective Call Acceptance

SCA Service Centre Address

SCA Subsidiary Communications Authorization

SCA System Communications Architecture

SCAF Service Control Access Function

SCC Service Control Code

SCC Service Control Customisation

SCC Specialised Common Carrier

SCC Switching Control Centre

SCCA System Change Control Administration

SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part

SCCS Switching Centre Control System

SCDMA Synchronous CDMA

SCE Service Creation Environment

SCEAF Service Creation Environment – Access Function

SCEF Service Creation Environment Function

S

1 2 4 1 2 5

SCEP Service Creation Environment Point

SCF Service Control Facility / Function

SCF Shared Channel Feedback

SCH Synchronisation Channel

SCID SubChannel IDentity

SCL Supervisory Control Language

SCM Single Carrier Modulation

SCM Station Class Mark

SCM Status Control Manager

SCM Sub Carrier Multiplexing

SCN Sub-Channel Number

SCN Switched Circuit Network

SCO Synchronous Connection-Oriented

SCP Satellite Communications Processor

SCP Service Control Point

SCP Switching / Service Control Point

SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier

SCR Selective Call Rejection

SCR Semiconductor / Silicon Controlled Rectifier

SCR Sustained Cell Rate

SCSA Signal Computing System Architecture

SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface

SCSR Single Channel Signalling Rate

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SCTS Service Centre Time Stamp

SCU Standards Coordination Unit

SCU System Control signal Unit

SCVF Single Channel Voice Frequency

SCWID Spontaneous Call Waiting Display

S-DAB Satellite Digital Audio Broadcasting

SD Service Discovery

SDA Service Discovery Application

SDAP Service Discovery Application Profile

SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel

SDCU Synchronous Data Channel Unit

SDB Switched Digital Broadcast

SDDB Service Discovery DataBase

SDE Secure Data Exchange

SDF Services Data Function

SDF Specialised Database Functions

SDF Sub Distribution Frame

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDK Software Development Kit

SDL Specification Description Language

SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control

SDM Space Division Multiplexing

SDM Subrate Data Multiplexing

SDMA Space Division Multiple Access

SDMA Station Detail Message Accounting

SDMF Single Data Message Format

SDN Software-Defined Network

SDP Services Data Point

SDP Service Discovery Protocol

SDP Session Description Protocol

SDR Special Drawing Right

SDRAM Synchronised Dynamic Random Access Memory

SDRM Sub-rate Data Multiplexing

SDS Short Data Service

SDSL Single/Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

SDT SDL Development Tool

SDU Selection and Distribution Unit

SDU Service Data Unit

SE Support Entity

SEAL Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer

SEAS Signalling Engineering and Administration System

SECABS Small Exchange Carrier Access Billing Specifications

SECAM Systeme Electronique Couleur Avec Memoire

SECORD SECure voice CORD board

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S S

1 2 6 1 2 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

SECTEL SECure TELephone

SEF Source Explicit Forwarding

SEF Support Entity Function

SEIR Shared Equipment Identity Register

SeP Serial Port

SEP Signalling End Point

SEPP Secure Electronic Payment Protocol

SEPT Signalling End Point Translator

SES Satellite Earth Stations

SET Secure Electronic Transaction

SETAMS Systems Engineering, Technical Assistance and

Management Services

SEVAS Secure Voice Access System

S-F Store-and-Forward

SF Service Feature

SF Single Frequency

SF Superframe Format

SFH Slow Frequency Hopping

SFS Single Frequency Signalling

SFS Standard Frequency & Time Signal Service

SFS Start of Frame Sequence

SG Signalling Gateway

SGCI Simple Gateway Control Interface

SGCP Signalling Gateway Control Protocol

SGDF SuperGroup Distribution Frame

SGML Standard Generalised Markup Language

SGNT Special Grade Network Trunk

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node

S-H Sample and Hold

SHA Secure Hash Algorithm

SHA Sidereal Hour Angle

SHF Super High Frequency (3 GHz to 30 GHz)

S-HTTP Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol

SHP Signalling Handoff Point

SI International System of Units

SI Screen(ing) Indicator

SI Service Interworking

SI Signalling Intelligence

SI Supplementary Information

SIA Supplementary Information A

SIB Service Independent Building block

SIC Service Initiation Charge

SICAP SIM Card Application Platform

SID Send IDentifier

SID Silence Insertion Descriptor

SID Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance

SID System Identifier

SIDN Security Industry Digital Network

SIF Signalling Information Field

SIGINT SIGnals INTelligence

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SIN System Identification Network

SIO Services in Operation

SIP Session Initiation Protocol

SIP SMDS Interface Protocol

SIR Sustained Information Rate

SIT Special Information Tone

SIU Subscriber Interface Unit

SIWF Shared InterWorking Function

SIX Serial Interface eXtender

SLA Service Level Agreement

SLC Subscriber Line Charge

SLC Subscriber Loop Carrier

SLCP Service Logic Control Program

SLD Super Luminescent Diode

SLEE Service Logic Execution Environment

SLI Service Logic Interpreter

SLIC Subscriber Line Interface Card

S

1 2 8 1 2 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

SLIC Subscriber Loop Interface Circuit

SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol

SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol

SLCC Subscriber Line Carrier Circuit

SLMP Service Logic Management Program

SLNK Serial LiNK

SLP Service Location Protocol

SLP Service Logic Program

SLPI Service Logic Processing program Instance

SLR Send Loudness Rating

SLS Signalling Link Selection

SLS Single Link Set

SLSA Single Line Switching Apparatus

SLT Single Line Telephone

SLTM Signalling Link Test Message

SM Security Management

SM Switch Manager

SM Switch Module

SMA Subscriber Carrier Module-100A

SMAE System Management Application Entity

SMAF Service Management Agent Function

SM-AL Short Message Application Layer

SMAP System Management Application Part

SMC Security Management Centre

SMC Switch Management Centre

SMD Short Message Delivery

SMDA Station Message Detail Accounting

SMDB Short Message Delivery Broadcast

SMDBACH Short Message Delivery Backward

SMDF Subscriber maintenance Distributing Frame

SMDFWD Short Message Delivery Forward

SMDM Short Message Delivery Multipoint Bearer Service

SMDPP Short Message Delivery Point-to-Point Bearer

Service

SMDR Station Message Detail Recording

SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service

SME Short Message Entity

SME Signalling Message Encryption

SMEKEY Short Message Encryption Key

SMF Service Management Function

SMF Single Mode Fiber

SMG Special Mobile Group

SMI Short Message Identifier

SM-MO Short Message – Message Originated

SM-MT Short Message – Message Terminated

SMP Service Management Point

SMP Significant Market Power

SMP Switching Module Processor

SMP Symmetric MultiProcessing

SMPP Short Message Peer-to-Peer protocol

SMR Specialised Mobile Radio

SM-RL Short Message Relay Layer

SMS Satellite Multiservice System

SMS Service Management System

SMS Short Message Service

SMSA Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area

SMSC Short Message Service Centre

SMSCB Short Message Service Cell Broadcast

SMSCH Short Message Service CHannel

SMS-GMSC SMS-Gateway Mobile Switching Centre

SMS-IWMSC SMS Interworking Mobile Switching Centre

SMS-MO Short Message Service-Mobile Originated

SMS-MT Short Message Service-Mobile Terminated

SMS-PP Short Message Service-Point-to-Point

SMS-SC Short Message Service-Service Centre

SMSP Short Message Service Parameter

SMSS Short Message Service Status

SMT Short Message Terminal

S

1 3 0 1 3 1

SMT Surface Mounting Technology

SMTA Single line Multiextension Telephone Apparatus

SM-TL Short Message Transfer Layer

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SN Sequence/Subscriber Number

SN Service Node

SN Switching Network

SNA Systems Network Architecture

SNAP SubNetwork Access Protocol

SNC SubNetwork Connection

SND SeND

SNDCP Sub-Network Dependant Convergence Protocol

SNDR SeNDeR

SNHC Syntactical Natural Hybrid Coding

SNI SMS Notification Indicator

SNI Subscriber Network Interface

SNI Systems Network Interconnection

SNL Signalling Network Layer

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SNP Sequence Number Packet/Protection

SNR Serial NumbeR

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

SNRM Set Normal Response Mode

SNRME Set Normal Response Mode Extended

SO Switching Office

SOA Service Order Activation

SOA Suppress Outgoing Access

SOC Statement of Compliance

SOC System Operator Code

SOI Service Order Interface

SoLSA Support of Localised Service Area

SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork

SOR Support of Optimal Routing

SP Special Product

SP Service Provider

SP Signalling Point

SP Spare

SP Switching Point

SPA Service Provider Access

SPAP Secure Password Authentication Protocol

SPASM Subscriber Parameter Administration

Security Mechanism

SPC Signalling Point Code

SPC Stored Program Control

S-PCN Satellite PCN

SPCS Satellite Personal Communications System

SPCS Stored Program Controlled Switch

SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit

SPE Signal Processing Element

SPE Switch Processing Element

SPI Security Parameter Index

SPI Service Provider Interface

SPID Service Profile Identifier

SPIN Service Provider Identification Number

SPINA Subscriber PIN Access

SPINI Subscriber PIN Intercept

SPL Service Programming Lock

SPL Sound Pressure Level

SPM Subscriber Private Meter

SPMC Signalling Point Management Cluster

SPN Service Provider Name

SPN Subscriber Premises Networks

SPNE Signal Processing Network Equipment

SPNP Support of Private Numbering Plan

SPOC Single Point Of Contact

SPOI Signalling Point Of Interface

SPP Signal Processing Platform

SPS Signalling Protocols & Switching

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S S

1 3 2 1 3 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

SPS Standard Position Service

SPSN Synchronisation Point Serial Number

SPTN Single Protocol Transport Network

SPX Sequenced Packet eXchange

SQAM Staggered Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

SQL Structured Query Language

SQN SeQuence Number

SQORC Staggered Quadrature Over-lapped Raised Cosine

SQPSK Staggered Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

SQT Sequential Tone Coding

SR Selective Repeat

SR Speech Recognition

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

SRD Service Request Distributor

SRD Standards Requirement Document

SRDC SubRate Digital Cross-connect

SRDM SubRate Data Multiplexer

SREJ Selective REJect

SRES Signed RESponse

SRF Specialised Resources Function

SRH System Roaming Handler

SRI Status Report Indication

SRM Signalling Route Management

SRNC Serving Radio Network Controller

SRNS Serving Radio Network Subsystem

SRR Status Report Request

SRT Screening and Rerouting Table

SRT Source Routing Transparent

SRTP Sequenced Routing Table Protocol

SRTS Synchronous Residual Time Stamp

SS Spread Spectrum

SS Supervisory Signals

SS Supplementary Service

SS Switching System

SS System Simulator

SS-CD Supplementary Services Call Deflection

SS-CFB Supplementary Services Call Forwarding Busy

SS-CFNR Supplementary Services Call Forwarding No Reply

SS-CFU Supplementary Services Call Forwarding Unconditional

SS-CI Supplementary Services Call Intrusion

SS7 Signalling System No. 7

SSAP Source Service Access Point

SSB Single Side Band

SSB-SC Single Side Band - Suppressed Carrier

SSC Supplementary Service Control string

SSCF Service-Specific Coordination Function

SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol

SSCP Service Switching and Control Point

SSCP System Services Control Point

SSD Service Support Data

SSD Shared Secret Data

SSDSL Synchronised Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

SSF Service Switching Function

SSFH Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping

SSI Signal Strength Indication

SSID Service Set Identifier

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

SSM SCCP State Machine

SSN Station Serial Number

SSN SubSystem Number

SSP Service Switching Point

SSP Signal Switching Point

SSRSCI Service Subscription Record Storage Capacity Issue

SSS Subscriber Switching Subsystem

SST SIM Service Table

SST Spread Spectrum Technology

SST Synchronous Service Transport

SSTP Switched Services Transport Protocol

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S S

1 3 4 1 3 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

SSU Subsequent Signal Unit

SSUPS Solid-State Uninterruptible Power System

ST Signalling Tone

ST Signalling / Subscriber Terminal

st2 internet stream protocol V2

STALO Stabilised Local Oscillator

STAT STATistics

STC Signalling Transport Converter

STD Subscriber Trunk Dialling

STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing

STE Signalling Terminal Equipment

STE Spanning Tree Explorer

STFS Standard Time and Frequency Signal / Service

STI Service Trigger Information

STID Service Termination IDentifier

STK SIM ToolKit

STL Standard Telegraph Level

STL Studio-to-Transmitter Link

STM Synchronous Transfer Mode

STMR SideTone Masked (loudness) Rating

STN Switched Telephone Network

STP Shielded Twisted Pair

STP Signalling Transfer Point

STP Standard Temperature and Pressure

STS Synchronous Transport Signal/System

STU Secure Telephone Unit

STX Start-of-TeXt character

SU Signal / Subscriber Unit

SUB SUBstitute character

S-UMTS Satellite UMTS

SUT System Under Test

SVC Signalling Virtual Channel

SVC Switched Virtual Circuit

SVCC Switched Virtual Channel Connection

SVD Simultaneous Voice and Data

SVM SerVice Manager

SVN Software Version Number

SVN Subscriber Verification Number

SVPC Switched Virtual Path Connection

SW SoftWare

SWAP Shared Wireless Access Protocol

SWAP System Wide Area Pager

SWATS Standard Wireless AT Command Set

SWFM SoftWare Fault Management

SWKF Shannon’s Well-Known Formula

SWR Standing Wave Ratio

SX System eXchange

SXS Step-by-step switching System

SYLK Symbolic Link

SYN SYNchronous idle character

SYNC Synchronisation

SYNTRAN SYNchronous TRANmission

SYS SYStem

SYSGEN SYStem GENeration

SYSOP SYStem OPerator

SYU Synchronization Signal Unit

S

1 3 6 1 3 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

t tera

T Timer

T Transparent

T Type only

T1 span pulse code modulation system

T43 Type 43 Interconnect Board

TA Terminal Adapter

TA Timing Advance

TA Terminal Adapter

TAC Terminal Access Circuit

TAC Type Approval Code

TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System

TACS Total Access Communications System

TAD Telephone Answering Device

TADIL Tactical Data Information Link

TADS Teletypewriter Automatic Dispatch System

TADSS Tactical Automatic Digital Switching System

TAE Terminal Adapter Equipment

TAF Terminal Adaptation Function

TAFAS Trunk Answer From Any Station

TAI International Atomic Time

TAMS Telephone Answering Message Service

TAN Tiny Area Network

TAP Test Access Path

TAP Transferred Account Procedure

TAPI Telephony Application Program Interface

TAR Temporary Alternative Routing

TARM Telephone Answering & Recording Machine

TARP Target ID Address Resolution Protocol

TAS Telephone Applications System

TASI Time Assigned Speech Interpolation

TAT Trans-Atlantic Telecommunication

TATP Traffic Announcement & Traffic Program

TB terabyte (trillion bytes)

TB Transparent Bridging

TBB Transnational Broadband Backbone

TBCD Telephony Binary Coded Decimal

tbps terabits per second

TBR Technical Basis for Regulation

TBR Timed Break Recall

TC Telecommunications Closet

TC Test Concept

TC Toll Centre

TC Transaction Capabilities

TC Transcoder

TC Transmission Control

TC Transmission Convergence

TC Transport Connection

TCAM TeleCommunications Access Method

TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part

TCB Trusted Computing Base

TCC TeleCommunications Centre

TCC Telephony Country Code

TCCF Tactical Communications Control Facility

TCF Technical Control Facility

TCH Traffic CHannel

TCH/F Full rate TCH

TCH/F2,4 Full rate data TCH (2,4kbit/s)

TCH/F4,8 Full rate data TCH (4,8kbit/s)

TCH/F9,6 Full rate data TCH (9,6kbit/s)

TCH/FS Full rate Speech TCH

TCH/H Half rate TCH

TCH/H2,4 Half rate data TCH (2,4kbit/s)

TCH/H4,8 Half rate data TCH (4,8kbit/s)

TCH/HS Half rate Speech TCH

TCI Test Control Interface

TCI Transceiver Control Interface

TCIC Trunk Circuit Identification Code

T

1 3 8 1 3 9

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

TCM Time Compression Multiplexing

TCM Trellis Coded Modulation

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TCS Telephony Control Specification

TCS Transmission Convergence Sublayer

TCS Trusted Computer system

TCU Telecommunications Control Unit

TCU Teletypewriter Control Unit

TCU Trunk Coupling Unit

TCVXO Temperature Compensated-Voltage controlled

crystal Oscillator

TCXO Temperature Controlled crystal Oscillator

TD Time Delay

TD Transmitter Distributor

T-DAB Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting

TDC Time Division Controller

TD-CDMA Time Division CDMA

TDD Telecommunications Device for the Deaf

TDD Time Division Duplexing

TDF Time Division Filtering

TDHS Time Domain Harmonic Scaling

TDL Tapped Delay Time

TDM Time Division Multiplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TDMS Time Division Multiplex System

TDMS Transmission Distortion Measuring Set

TDP Trigger Detection Point

TDRSS Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System

TDS Time Division Switching

TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMA

TE Transverse Electric mode

TE Terminal Equipment

TEC Telephony Echo Canceller

TED Transferred Electron Device

TED Trunk Encryption Device

TEDIS Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems

TEHO Tail End Hop Off

TEI Terminal End point Identifier

TEID Tunneling Endpoint ID

TEK Traffic Encryption Key

TELCO TELecommunications Company

TELSET TELephone SET

TEM Transverse Electric and Magnetic mode

TEMP TEMPorary

TEMS TElecommunications Management System

TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio Access

TETRAPOL TETRA-based global PMR standard

TETRAPOLPAS Tetrapol Publicly Available Specification;

for digital PMR applications

TFA TransFer Allowed Message

TFM Tamed Frequency Modulation

TFP TransFer Prohibited Message

TFO Tandem Free Operation

TFR Transfer Restricted Message

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TFTS Terrestrial Flight Telephone System

TFU Time Frequency Unit

TG Trunk Group

TGB Trunk Group Busy

TGCP Trunking Gateway Control Protocol

TGM Trunk Group Multiplexer

TGMS Third Generation Mobile Systems

TGW Trunk Group Warning

THD Total Harmonic Distortion

THF Tremendously High Frequency

THI Telephone Headset Integrator

THz TeraHertz

T

1 4 0 1 4 1

TI Transaction Identifier

TID Terminal IDentification

TIE Time Interval Error

TIF Terminal Interface Node

TIFF Tag Image File Format

TINA Telecommunications Information

Networking Architecture

TIP Terminal Interface Processor

TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol

Harmonisation over Networks

TIPI Telephone Industry Price Index

TIS Technical Information Sheets

TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

TJF Test Jack Frame

TL Transmission Level

TLD Top Level Domain

TLDN Temporary Local Directory Number

TLF Trunk Line Frame

TLH Transport Layer Header

TLI Transport Layer Interface

TLLI Temporary Link Level Identity

TLP Transmission Level Point

TLPU Telecommunications Line Protector Unit

TLS Transparent LAN Service

TLS Transport Layer Security

TLV Type, Length & Value

TM Traffic Manager

TM Transverse Magnetic mode

TM Terminal Mobility

TM Terminal Multiplexer

TM Transmission & Multiplexing

TMA Terminal MoveAbility

TMC Traffic Message Channel

TMM Traffic Metering & Measuring

TMN Telecommunication Management Network

TMP Test Management Protocol

TMR Trunk Mobile Radio

TMS Test Mobile Station

TMS Time Multiplexed Switch

TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

TMUX TransMUltipleXer

TN Timeslot Number

TN Telephone Number

TNRN Terminating Network Routing Number

TNS Transit Network Selection

TO Telecommunications Operator

TO Toll Office

TOA Time Of Arrival

TOF Time Out Factor

TON Type Of Number

TOPS Traffic Operator Position System

TOS Type Of Service

TP Toll Point

TP Transaction Processing

TP Transport Protocol

TP Twisted Pair

TPAD Terminal Packet Assembler/Disassembler

TPAU Twisted Pair Attachment Unit

TPC Transmitter Power Control

TPCC Third Party Call Control

TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit

TPMR Trunk Private Mobile Radio

TPON Telephone Passive Optical Network

TPP Terminating Party Pays

TPUI Temporary Portable User Identity

TQFP Thin Quad Flat Pack

TR Token Ring

TR Toll Restriction

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S T

1 4 2 1 4 3

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

TR Transmitter

TRA Traffic Restart Allowed

TRA Traffic Routing Administration

TRANSEC TRANsmission SECurity

TRAPI TRansport Application Program Interface

TRAU Transcoder & Rate Adaptation Unit

TRC Transverse Redundancy Check

TRF Tuned Radio Frequency

TRFR TransFeR

TRIP Telephony Routing Information Protocol

TRI-TAC TRI-services TACtical equipment

TRS Telecommunications Relay Services

TRS Trunked Radio System

TRU Tone Receiver Unit

TRU TRaffic Unit

TRW Traffic Restart Waiting

TRX Transceiver

TS Technical Specification

TS Transmission Speed

TSAP Transport Service Access Point

TSAR Teleservice Segmentation And Reassembly

TSB Telecommunications Systems Bulletin

TSB Transcoding Selector Bank

TSC Training Sequence Code

TSC Transit Switching Centre

TSDI Transceiver Speech & Data Interface

TSG Technical Specification Group

TSI Time Slot Interchange

TSIC Time Slot Interchange Circuit

TSID Test Signal IDentification

TSIQPSK Two Symbol Interval Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

TSIU Time Slot Interchange Unit

TSK Transmission Security Key

TSM Time Switch Module

TSO Terminating Screening Office

TSP Telecommunications Service Priority system

TSP Telephony Service Provider

TSPS Traffic Service Position System

TSR Telecommunications Service Request

TSR Terabit Switch Router

TSR Terminate and Stay Resident

TSRM Telecommunication Standards Reference Manual

TSS Tandem Switching System

TSS Trunk & Signalling Subsystem

TST Time Space Time Switching

TSU Tone Sender Unit

TT Translation Type

TT Trunk Type

TTC Terminating Toll Centre

TTCN Tree & Tabular Combined Notation

TTE Telecommunications Terminal Equipment

TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic

TTP Trail Termination Point

TTP Trusted Third Party

TTT TAP Testing Toolkit

TTTN Tandem Tie Trunk Network

TTY TeleTYpe

TUB Traffic Usage or Billing

T-UMTS Terrestrial UMTS

TUI Telephony User Interface

TUP Telephone User Part (SS7)

TUR Trunk Utilization Report

TV Type & Value

TW Travelling Wave

TWA Two-Way Alternate

TWS Two-Way Simultaneous

TWT Travelling Wave Tube

TWTA Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier

T

1 4 4 1 4 5

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

TWX TeletypeWriter eXchange service

TX Transmit / Transmitter

UA Unbalanced Asynchronous

UA Unnumbered Acknowledgement

UA User Asynchronous

UADSL Universal Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

UAM Universal Access Method

UAN User Access Node

UAP Upper Address Part

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

UC User Control

UCA Utility Communications Architecture

UCD Uniform Call Distribution

UCIC Unequipped Circuit Identification Code

UCS Universal Communications Standards

UD User Data

UDC Universal Digital Channel

UDH Universal Data Header

UDI Unrestricted Digital Information

UDL User Data Length

UDLC Universal Digital Loop Carrier

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UDPC Universal Digital Portable Communicator

UDR Usage Data Protocol

UDT User Data Length

UDT Unit DaTa message

UDTS UDT Service message

UDUB User Determined User Busy

UDWDM Ultra Dense Wavelenght Division Multiplexing

UE User Equipment

UEM Universal Equipment Module

UHF Ultra High Frequency

UI Unnumbered Information frame

UI User Interface

UIAC Unlimited Inquiry Access Code

U

1 4 6 1 4 7

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

UICC UMTS IC Card

UIFN Universal International Freephone Number

UIM Universal Identity Module

UITS Unacknowledged Information Transfer Service

U/L Up Link

ULF Ultra Low Frequency

ULP Upper Layer Protocol

Um GSM air interface

UMS Universal Messaging System

U-MSC Combined UMTS Core-Node

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UN Unbalanced Normal

UNE Unbundled Network Elements

UNE-P Unbundled Network Elements-Platform

UNI User-Network Interface

UNICODE Universal trunk-out-of-service Code

UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture

UNMR Universal Network Management Architecture

UP Unnumbered Poll

UPC Usage Parameter Control

UPCMI Uniform PCM Interface

UPCS Universal Personal Communications Services

UPD UP to Date

UPN Universal Personal Number

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

UPSR Unidirectional Path Switched Ring

UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications

UPTAA UPT Access Address

UPTAC UPT Access Code

UPTAN UPT Access Number

URI Uniform Resource Identifier

URL Uniform Resource Locator

URN Uniform Resource Name

us microsecond

US Unit Separator

USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous

Receiver Transmitter

USAT Ultra Small Aperture Terminal

USB Universal Serial Bus

USB Upper Side Band

USD Universal Synchronous Data

USF Universal Single Frequency

USIM User Services Identity Module

USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module

USO Universal Service Obligation

USOC Uniform Service Order Code

USPID User Service Profile IDentifier

USSD Unstructured Supplementary Services Data

UT Universal Time

UT Upper Tester

UTC Universal Time Constant

UTDR Universal Trunk Data Record

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

UTR Universal Tone Receiver

UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

UTS Universal Telephone Service

U-SIM UMTS Subscriber Identity Module

UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Protocol

UUENCODE Unix to Unix Encoding

UUI User-to-User Information

UUS User-to-User Signalling

UWB Ultra WideBand

UWC Universal Wireless Communications

U

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V Volt

VA Value-Added

VA Variable Algorithm

VA Volt-Ampere

VACC Value Added Common Carrier

VAD Voice Activity Detection

VADS Value Added Data Services

VAN Value Added Network

VAN Vehicular Area Network

VANS Value Added Network Services

VAP Videotex Access Point

VAPC Vector Adaptive Predictive Coding

VAPD Voice Activated Premier Dialling

VAPN Voice Access to Private Network

VAR Value Added Reseller

VARISTAR Variable resistor

VAS Value Added Services

VAX Virtual Address Extension

VBNS Very high speed Backbone Network Service

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VBR-NRT Variable Bit Rate-Non Real Time

VBR-RT Variable Bit Rate-Real Time

VBS Voice Broadcast Service

VBSS Voice Broadcast Service Status

VC Virtual Channel/Circuit/Container

VCA Voice Connecting Arrangement

VCC Virtual Channel Connection

VCELP Vector Code Excited Linear Prediction

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

VCL Virtual Channel Link

VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator

VCPI Virtual Control Program Interface

VCS Virtual Circuit Switch

VCXO Voltage-Controlled crystal oscillator

V/D Voice/Data

VDB Visitor Data Base

Vdc Volts direct current

VDI Voice Data Integration

VDL Very high frequency Digital Link

VDPS Virtual Private Data Service

VDSL Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line / Loop

VDT Visual Display Terminal

VDU Visual Display Unit

VED Voice Enhancement devices

VEPC Voice Excited Predictive Coding

VERONICA Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index

to Computerised Archives

VF Variance Factor

VF Voice Frequency

VFCT Voice Frequency Carrier Telegraph

VFDF Voice Frequency Distribution Frame

VFDN Voice Frequency Directory Number

VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator

VFTG Voice Frequency TeleGraph

VG Voice Grade

VGA Variable Gain Amplifier

VGA Variable Graphics Array

VGCS Voice Group Call Service

VGCSS Voice Group Call Service Status

VGE Voice Grade Equivalent

VGF Voice Grade Facility

VGPL Voice Grade Private Line

VGS Voice Group Service

VHDSL Very High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line

VHE Virtual Home Environment

VHF Very High Frequency (30 MHz to 300 MHz)

VHI Virtual Host Interface

VHSIC Very High Scale Integrated Circuit

I N D U S T R Y T E R M S V

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

VI Vector Identifier

VISN Virtual Integrated Sky Network

VL Vector Length

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

VLF Very Low Frequency (less than 30 kHz)

VLF Visitor Location Function

VLPA Vehicular Location Probability Area

VLR Visitor Location Register

VLRIN Visitor Location Register Identification Number

VLSI Very Large Scale Integration

V/m Volts per meter

VM Virtual Machine

VM Virtual Memory

VM Voice Mail

VMAC Voice Mobile Attenuation Code

VMB Voicemail Box

VMI Voice Messaging Interface

VMLA Virtual Mobile Location Area

VMP Voicemail Platform

VMS Virtual Machine System

VMS Voice Messaging/Mail System

VMSC Visited MSC

VMWI Visual Message Waiting Indicator

VN Virtual Network

VNET Virtual private NETwork

VNL Via Net Loss

VNLF Via Net Loss Factor

VNO Virtual Network Operations

VNS Virtual Network Services/System

VoB Voice over Broadband

Vocoder Voice-coder

VOD Video On Demand

VoDSL Voice over a DSL line

VoFR Voice over Frame Relay

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

VoWLAN Voice over Wireless LAN

VOLCAS Voice-Operated Loss Control And Echo / Signalling

Suppression

VON Voice On the Net

VOX Voice Operated relay circuit / transmission

VoxML Voice Mark-up Language

VP Validity Period

VP Virtual Path

VP Voice Privacy

VPC Virtual Patch Connection

VPC Virtual Point Codes

VPDN Virtual Private Data Network

VPDN Virtual Private Dial-up Networking

VPDS Virtual Private Data Services

VPF Validity Period Format

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPL Virtual Path Link

VPM Voice Privacy Mask

VPMN Visited Public Mobile Network

VPN Virtual Private Network

VPOTS Very Plain Old Telephone Service

VPT Virtual Path Terminator

VPT Virtual Private Trunking

VPX Virtual Path Cross-connect

VQ Vector Quantitisation

VQC Voice Quantising Code

VQL Vector Quantum Level coding

VRC Vertical Redundancy Check

VRC Virtual Redundancy Check

VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language

VS Virtual Scheduling

VS/VD Virtual Source/Virtual Destination

VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method

V

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

VSB Vestigial Side Band

VSC Videotex Service Centre

VSD SenD state Variable

VSELP Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction

VSM Vestigial Side Band Modulation

VSNET Virtual SS7 Network

VSP Vehicular Speaker Phone

VSP Versatile Signaling Point

VSS Voice Server System

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

VT Vertical Tabulation

VT Virtual Terminal

VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method

VTE Virtual Terminal Environment

VTNS Virtual Telecommunications Network Services

VTOA Voice & Telephony Over ATM

VTP Virtual Terminal Protocol

VTU Video Teleconferencing Unit

VTX VideoTeX service

vu volume unit

VXC Vector eXcitation Coding

VXML Voice Extensible Markup Language

W Watt

WACS Wireless Access Communications System

WADS Wide Area Data Service

WAE Wireless Application Environment

WAIS Wide Area Information Servers / Services

WAN Wide Area Network

WAP Wireless Application Protocol

WAS Wireless Access System

WASP Wireless Application Service Provider

WASU Wireless Access Subscriber Unit

WATM Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode

WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service

WAW Wide Area Wireless

WAWS Washington Area Wideband System

WBA Wireless Broadcast Access

WB/BB Wide Band/BroadBand

WBDTS Wide Band Data Transmission System

WBMF Wide Band Frequency Modulation

WBS Wireless Business System

WCAPS Wireless Competitive Access Providers

W-CDMA Wideband CDMA

WCMP Wireless Control Message Protocol

WCS Wireless Communications Service

W-DCS Wideband Digital Cross-connect system

WDCX Wideband and Broadband Digital Cross-connect

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex

WDMA Wavelength Division Multiplex Access

WDP Wireless Datagram Protocol

WDS Wireless Data Service

WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy

WFA Wi-fi Alliance Industry

WG Working Group

WID Wireless Integration/Interface Device

Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

W

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

WILL Wireless In Local Loop

WIM WAP Identity Module

WIMS Wireless Information and Messaging Services

WIN Wireless In-building Network

WIN Wireless Intelligent Network

WIN WWMCCS Inter computer Network

WIPP Wireless Internet Protocol Partnership

WITS Washington Integrated Telecommunications System

WITS Wireless Interface Telephone System

WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider

WLAN Wireless LAN

WLL Wireless Local Loop

WLNP Wireless Local Number Portability

WLS Wireless Location Services

WM Wireless Manager

WML Wireless Markup Language

WMLS Wireless Markup Language Script

WNE Wireless Network Entity

WNP Wireless Number Portability

WO WLAN Operator

WORM Write Once, Read Many times

WOS Wireless Office System

WOSA Windows Open Services Architecture

WOTS Wireless Office Telecommunications System

WP Working Party

WPA Wrong Password Attempts

WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access

WPA2 Wi-Fi protected Access version 2

WPABX Wireless Private And Branch eXchange

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network

wpm words per minute

wps words per second

WQAM Weighted Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

WRE Wireless Residential Extension

WS Wireless Station

WS Work Station

WSC Wireless Switching Centre

WSF WorkStation Function block

WSP Wireless Session Protocol

WSSUS Wide Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering

WT Wireless Transceiver

WTA Wireless Telephony Application

WTAI Wireless Telephony Applications Interface

WTC Wall Transmission Coefficient

WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security

WTP Wireless Transport Protocol

WTR Wireless Technology Research

WTS Web Transaction Security

wv working voltage

wvdc working voltage direct current

WVI Web Voice Integration

WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network

WWDD World Wide Direct Dialling

www world wide web

WWDSA World Wide Digital System Architecture

WWMCCS World Wide Military Command and Control System

WWW:MMM TM Mobile Media Mode

w

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I N D U S T R Y T E R M S

X Cross

X25 International Standard for packet switched

networks

XA eXchange Access

XA-FR eXchange Access Frame Relay

XC Cross Connect

XCOR fullrate TransCORder

XDF eXtended Distance Feature

XDS Extended Data Service

XDSL X-type Digital Subscriber Line

XID eXchange IDentifier

XMIT transmit

XML eXtended Markup Language

XMS Extended Memory Specification

XMSN transmission

XMTD transmitted

XMTR transmitter

XO crystal oscillator

XOFF transmitter off

XON transmitter on

XPAD eXternal Packet Assembler/Disassembler

XPSK cross-related Phase Shift Keying

XSL eXtensible Stylesheet Language

XSLT eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations

XT crosstalk

XTP Xpress Transfer Protocol

XTAL crystal

ZBTSI Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange

ZC Zone Code

ZCS Zero Code Suppression

ZD Zero Defects

0TLP Zero Transmission Level Point

Z

Industry definitions & organisations

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INDUSTRY DEFINITIONS & ORGANISATIONS

What’s Hot?

SMS Hubbing

Today there are two technical and commercial solutions which enable

operators to implement an SMS Interworking relationship between them:

• A Bilateral solution - in which both operators have a direct

relationship for network use, charging and billing.

• A Hub Service solution - where interworking of SMS traffic between

operators is implemented and operated through a centralized SMS

platform called Hub or Relay.

Hub Services are provided on a turnkey basis. This allows operators

to send and receive SMS messages to multiple destinations globally,

rapidly establishing interworking relationships by using only one

connection and one contract.

The SMS Hubbing Service appears to be a more efficient and effective

solution for SMS interworking between operators and is seen as a key

enabler, allowing operators to develop subscriber take-up of SMS as a

mass-market service.

In addition to the efficiency gain created by migration from the

bilateral approach to SMS Hubbing for current GSM SMS interworking

relations, the utilization of an SMS Hubbing Service could, as a

second stage, be seen as a way to:

• enable connectivity between GSM operators and non-GSM

operators (mobile to mobile)

• enable connectivity between mobile operators and non-mobile

operators (e.g fixed operators)

MMS Hubbing

The MMS HUB is a concept developed and promoted by the GSMA in

order to ensure the smooth, rapid and proper launch of the MMS service.

The MMS HUB is designed to allow efficient interworking of MMS traffic

between MNOs by providing a centralised platform connected to the

MNOs network and elected participating MNOs. MNOs would benefit

not only from the access to all MNOs connected to the same MMS HUB,

but also from access to MNOs connected to other MMS hubs – as all

of them are, as per the GSMA’s recommendation, interconnected, thus

offering a broad and rapid deployment of MMS interworking.

As a centralized platform, the MMS Hub can be seen as a one-stop MMS

shop for mobile operators as the service is not limited to traffic transmission

but also provides contract aggregation, cascade billing, end-to-end quality,

transparency ... and can also be seen as a central point of protection for

operators from well-known threats like fraud, spam and viruses.

MMSC

DNS

MMSC

MMSC

Operations

Customers Service

Reporting Interface

MMS Relay ServerMMS HUB Service

Bilaterals

BG

MMSC

BG

MMS Relay Server

MMS Peering Partner

Peering Agreement

Peering Agreement

Peering Agreement

BG

BG

BG

DNSBG

BGBG BG

MMSC

Wireless Operator in Europe Intra-PLMN

Wireless Operator in Europe Intra-PLMN

Wireless Operator in Asia Intra-PLMN

BG

MMSC

MMSC

Wireless Operator in Africa Intra-PLMN

BG

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distinct from those of the MVNO. In addition, MVNOs have business

arrangements with traditional mobile operators to buy minutes of use

(MOU) for sale to their own customers.

The major benefit to traditional mobile operators in cooperating with

MVNOs is to broaden the customer base (i.e. sell additional MOUs)

at a zero cost of acquisition and it is likely that incumbent mobile

operators will continue to embrace MVNOs as a means of deriving

revenue to offset the enormous cost of building 3G networks.

As more MNVOs expand in the marketplace, they are likely to first

target prepaid customers as a means of low-cost market entry. Most

regulating bodies are in favour of MVNOs as a means of encouraging

competition, which ultimately leads to greater choice and lower

prices. With the advent of the MVNO, many incumbent mobile

operators will evaluate the opportunity to offer supplementary MVNO

services of their own. To do so, exiting mobile operators will use their

established branding, service knowledge and supplier relationships to

complete against independent MVNOs.

Dual IMSI

An IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) is used within the

SIM in all mobile phones to uniquely identify the mobile subscriber

on a specific mobile network. When a dual IMSI SIM card is used,

the phone has access to two alternative GSM networks. Each IMSI is

given a different priority by the SIM card.

The GSM Signalling Platform enables larger GSM operators to offer

roaming capabilities to smaller operators by acting as brokers.

The broker operator or parent company utilises the GSM Signalling

Platform in conjunction with existing roaming agreements and network

infrastructure and then establishes a billing mechanism (transaction or

usage-based) to charge the smaller operator-customer, as appropriate.

Through a single agreement with a single provider, MNOs will benefit

from wide and global MMS coverage; a central contact point for testing

and technical matters and a single billing counterpart. As a result,

MNOs can better focus on core activities – especially customer services.

MVNO

A mobile virtual network operator is a company that does not own a

licensed frequency spectrum, but resells wireless services under their

own brand name, using the network of another mobile phone operator.

An MVNO’s role and relationship to the mobile phone operator

may vary by market. In general, an MVNO is an entity or company

that works independently of the operator and can set its own tariff

structures. Usually, it does not own any GSM, CDMA or other wireless

infrastructure, such as a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) or radio

access network. Some may own their own Home Location Register

(HLR), which allows more flexibility since multiple host networks could

be used and the MVNO then appears as a roaming partner.

Leading MVNOs deploy their own mobile IN infrastructure in order

to facilitate the means to offer value-added services. In this way,

MNVOs can treat incumbent infrastructure such as radio equipment

as a commodity, while the MVNO offers its own advanced and

differentiated services based on exploitation of its own intelligent

network infrastructure. The strategy of offering value-added services

is to differentiate versus the incumbent mobile operator, allowing

for customer acquisition and preventing the MVNO from needing to

compete on the basis of price alone.

MVNOs have full control over the SIM card, branding, marketing,

billing and customer care operations. While sometimes offering

operational support systems (OSS) and business support systems

(BSS) to support the MVNO, the incumbent mobile operators normally

keep their own OSS/BSS processes and procedures separate and

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The operator-customer or subsidiary gains access to as many visitor

networks as the larger operator is able to offer, without the need to

negotiate individual agreements or integrate their SS7 networks.

The larger operator or broker provides the smaller operator with a sec-

ond range of subscriber IMSIs. The larger operator’s IMSI (the second)

is stored in each subscriber’s mobile phone along with the original IMSI

that is provided by the smaller operator. When the subscriber roams

into another network, the larger operator’s IMSI is activated because

the smaller IMSI is not recognized. This second IMSI now identifies the

roaming customer as the larger operator’s subscriber. This results in the

IMSI query being sent to the GSM Signalling platform (located in the

larger operator’s network) where it is translated (mapped) to the smaller

operator’s IMSI, then sent to be validated by the small operator’s HLR.

The translation application is referred to as Dual International Mobile

Subscriber Identity (DIMSI) Mapping.

Piggyback roaming

An operator signs a roaming agreement with a sponsor operator. This

agreement provides roaming not only with the sponsor operator but

also with the sponsor’s roaming partners. Using this method, the

operator can expedite gaining access to multiple markets.

Fixed to Mobile Convergence

Fixed to Mobile Convergence (FMC), currently one of the crucial

strategic issues in the telecommunications industry, is the way to

connect the mobile phone to the fixed line infrastructure. With the

convergence between the mobile and fixed line networks, telecom-

munications operators can provide services to users irrespective of

their location, access technology and terminal.

Mobile Roaming at a Glance

Roaming is defined as the ability for a cellular customer to make and

receive voice calls, send and receive data and access other services

automatically when travelling outside the geographical coverage area

of the home network, by means of using a visited network.

Roaming between mobile networks has been one of the key drivers

of the massive global success of GSM. While GSM has set the norm

for automatic roaming, GPRS introduced a new business model

for packet switched services. With UMTS/WCDMA, we will see this

experience extended to include roaming and service portability for a

growing range of new and advanced voice and data services.

How does this happen?

Network operators enter into roaming agreements with the operators of

networks in other areas or countries. These bilateral agreements provide

for home subscribers to visit the foreign network and have the reciprocal

facility for subscribers from the foreign network to visit the home network.

The operator thus acts as both Home Public Mobile Network (HPMN) and

Visited Public Mobile Network (VPMN). The roaming agreement allows the

two operators to transfer call charge data and subscription information

back and forth as their subscribers roam into and out of other networks.

To implement commercial international roaming, an operator must

satisfy three major requirements:

• Own an operational network with signalling facilities

(CCSS7 – Common Channel Signalling System No. 7).

• Own a billing system capable of generating and receiving TAP files.

• Conclude roaming agreements with other operators (roaming partners).

Utilising the services of a clearing house or roaming broker can greatly

ease and speed the implementation of these processes. (Network

operators in the start-up phase of international roaming can benefit

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from outsourcing to MACH’s Professional Services, described in the

MACH services section of this guide.)

Once these requirements have been met, the operator can com-

mence the testing procedures established and documented by the

GSM Association working groups - TADIG and IREG. On successful

completion of these procedures, the two GSM operators party to

the roaming agreement can agree on a date to launch commercial

roaming between their networks.

All mobile phones contain a ‘smart card’ called the Subscriber Identity

Module (SIM). This SIM card is the key as it is personalised to the

subscriber. It identifies and authenticates the subscriber’s account to

the local Visited Network and provides authentication, which allows

billing to the subscriber’s Home Network.

GSM networks operates in different frequency ranges:

• 850 MHz frequency range; not widely used; extends coverage

• 900 MHz and 1800 MHzb – the most predominant frequencies in

most of the world

• 1900 MHz – originally for GSM systems in North and South America,

but now also for UMTS systems worldwide

Technological advances such as dual-mode phones now enable users

to roam between different network technologies (e.g. AMPS, N-AMPS,

CDMA, TDMA, TETRA and iDEN and GSM) rather than between

different GSM frequencies only. Thanks to the commercial drive of

network operators and the efforts of organisations such as the GSM

Association and the Global Roaming Forum, the global explosion of

roaming activities continues.

Roaming and GSM Network Infrastructure

The GSM network infrastructure consists of one or more Mobile

Services Switching Centres (MSC) each connected to and controlling

2 or 3 Base Station Controllers (BSC). Each BSC is usually connected

to 5 Base Transceiver Stations (BTS).

The MSC is a telephone exchange with switching capacity that is able

to handle mobile calls. It routes calls to, and sets up calls from, a

number of BSCs. The MSC connects calls from mobile users to either

another mobile within the network, a fixed line phone or a mobile in

another network.

The BSC controls and supervises a number of BTSs. The BTS consists

of an antenna and all the other radio equipment necessary to com-

municate by radio with a Mobile Station (MS), i.e. a cellular phone.

Each BTS covers a defined area, known as a cell, with radio waves.

The MS consists of a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) and the mobile

telephone equipment. The SIM is a smart card that contains a subscriber’s

subscription details and can be moved from one piece of mobile hardware

to another. A GSM phone cannot be used without the SIM.

The Home Location Register (HLR) is the main database for all MSs

in a network. It contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity

(IMSI), an internal subscriber identity within the network used only

by the system. The HLR also identifies the network to which a

visiting roaming subscriber belongs. It contains the entire profile of

the subscriber – telephone number, services available, subscription

information and authentication and ciphering parameters. The HLR

keeps track of the subscriber’s location and, as the subscriber may

frequently be moving, needs constant updating of location.

For the MSC to route calls to, and set them up from, the MS, it needs

subscriber information that is stored in the Visitor Location Register

(VLR). The VLR is a regional database containing information such

as IMSI and subscription, HLR and authentication data about all the

subscribers (MSs) registered in the MSC service area at the time. An

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MS file is created in the VLR when a roaming MS enters the area of an

MSC and is deleted from the VLR when the MS leaves the area.

The Authentication Centre (AUC) generates parameters for subscriber

authentication and ciphering. Subscriber authentication is the

identification and verification of a valid SIM. Ciphering ensures the privacy

of the information. Security measures include assignment of a Temporary

Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). The TMSI covers the IMSI so that

intercepting traffic on the air does not allow tracing and identification of the

subscriber. When a mobile telephone is switched on, it can be used only

if the security data sent by the SIM is the same as the data provided by

the AUC. The TMSI is valid only in the MSC area in which it was allocated;

when the MS moves to another MSC area, another TMSI is allocated.

The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) contains a record of the

International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) of all MSs in a network

and includes a database of all equipment reported as lost or stolen.

Each time a call is made, the MSC requests the IMEI of the MS, which

is then sent to the EIR for authorisation or for access to be denied.

The gateway between one network and another is called a Gateway

Mobile Services Switching Centre (GMSC). Whenever a call is made

out of, or received from outside, the network in which the MS is

located, it is routed through the GMSC. To locate a roaming MS, the

GMSC of the HPMN asks the HLR for routing information, then routes

the call to the MSC where the roaming number is located (VPMN).

Purpose of TAP

Roaming is a key feature of GSM, giving consumers seamless

same-number contactability in over a hundred countries. Operators

exchange call event details on these roaming subscribers.

TAP is the process that allows a visited network operator (VPMN) to

send billing records of roaming subscribers to their respective home

network operator (HPMN). TAP3 is the latest version of the standard

and enables billing for a host of new services that networks intend to

offer their customers.

AUCAUthentication Centre

BSCBase Station Controller

BTSBase Transceiver Station

EIREquipment Identity Register

GMSCGateway MSC

HLRHome Location Register

MSMobile Station

MSCMobile Services Switching Centre

VLRVisitor Location Register

MSC

BSC

GMSCOtherNetworks

Roaming & GSM Network Infrastructure

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TAP is essential for GSM Roaming, as it allows subscribers to use

their own mobile phones when visiting another cellular network.

TAP enables the Visited Network Operator (or Visited Public Mobile

Network - VPMN) to invoice the Home Network Operator (or Home

Public Mobile Network - HPMN) for services used by the Home

Network’s subscribers whilst roaming in the VPMN. TAP enables

the HPMN to recover the roaming call charges from its subscribers

and to calculate the rerouting charges for mobile terminated calls.

TAP also gives the HPMN call control (CC) information to service

customer queries and liability for call charges is transferred from the

subscriber’s VPMN to its HPMN.

TAP Formats

TAP regulations are laid out in the GSM Association’s Permanent

Reference Documents (PRDs).

Commercial requirements are defined by BARG (Billing & Accounting

Rapporteur Group); Logical / physical definitions of TAP formats are

defined by TADIG (Transferred Account Data Interchange Group).

Charging records are batched into a TAP file indicated by a 17 digit file

name such as CDVPMNHPMN00001.

• There are five TAP Formats to date.

• TAP1,

• TAP2,

• TAP2+

• NA TAP2

• TAP3

The first TAP standard quickly progressed to TAP2 and then to TAP2+,

which enabled operators to bill for new services and provide the

additional information required by satellite and US operators. Hot on

the heels of TAP2+ was TAP3. This new set of standards was approved

and launched on 4 June 2000. TAP3 is the current standard in use

today, although it is a continually developing standard.

The first generation of billing formats, TAP1-2 and others, have fixed

and rigid standards and are difficult and costly to expand and also

slow to develop because of file size limitations which impact on the

amount of information that can be transferred.

TAP3, having no size limitations or constraints, easily expands to

cater for the development of existing services and the launch of

new ones. TAP3 also uses an industry-standard, ASN 1, allowing

the use of commercial tools. Furthermore, TAP3 is future-proof and

will be used for 3G and other new applications as defined by the

TADIG committee.

TADIG has transformed TAP3 into a living standard, which undergoes

one minor and one major release per year and TAP has already been

through the following releases: TAP3.1; TAP3.2; TAP3.3; TAP3.4;

TAP3.9., TAP3.10. and TAP3.11 (the current version).

TAP3 – advantages compared to previous versions

TAP3 provides many advantages over previous TAP formats in terms of

support for new services and in providing additional customer service

information. These advantages include:

• Supports features in other versions of TAP

• Content charging

• WLAN

• Location service

• Satellite inter-working

• Unique format for all standards

(including inter-standard roaming with CIBER...)

• Charge all GSM Phase 2+ services

• Discounts on a call basis

• Alternate TAP currency, e.g. Euro/USD

• Separation of Air and Toll charges

• Support of Rejects & Returns process

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iDEN: iDEN® (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network) is a proprietary

standard from Motorola. The standard was developed for the

ESMR (Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio) industry (similar to

PMR). iDEN is a fully digital integrated system used commonly on

the 800 megahertz frequency band (and 1.5 gigahertz in Japan)

that integrates wireless services for mobile workgroups. Services

comprise Mobile Telephony (similar to GSM features), Two-way radio,

dispatch messaging and data services (data, fax and Internet). It is

currently in use across the United States, Canada, South America,

Israel and other Far East countries.

N-AMPS: Narrow band AMPS is a variation on AMPS and is a narrow-

band advanced mobile phone service which uses a narrower bandwidth

and has greater data capabilities. N-AMPS uses the TIA standard IS-41.

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access is a digital cellular technology

that shares the 800MHz frequency band with analogue, uses the TIA

standard IS-136 and is usually available where analogue service is

offered in the USA and Canada. It provides Mobile Telephony (similar

to a reduced set of GSM features with a reduced set of diversion and

call barring features) and data services (data, fax and Internet).

TETRA: TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a new open digital

trunked radio standard that is defined by the European Telecommu-

nications Standardisation Institute (ETSI). This standard is a natural

extension of existing Private Mobile Radio (PMR) standards in Europe.

What roamer file types do they use?

The roamer records generated by the billing system or billing vendor

of a carrier/operator of a network technology can generally be

defined as follows.

CIBER is generally used by carriers employing:

AMPS,

• TAP records are of variable length and the physical definition of TAP3

is flexible enough to include requirements coming from UMTS and

other 3G technologies

Introduction to Inter-Standard Roaming

Until recently, roaming was possible only among networks deploying

the same radio technology in the same radio frequency band and, in

most cases, the same network infrastructure protocols. Technological

advances such as dual-mode phones now enable users to roam

between different network technologies (e.g. AMPS, N-AMPS, CDMA,

TDMA, TETRA and iDEN and GSM) rather than just between different

GSM frequencies. This is what we call Inter-Standard roaming. Inter-

standard roaming goes under other names such as cross-protocol

roaming and cross-technology roaming. Essentially they are the

same; the key is that a subscriber is allowed to roam from its home

network (and its technology) onto another network infrastructure that

is of different technology.

What are these other technologies?

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone Service is an analogue cellular system

operating in the 800MHz frequency range. It uses the US Telecoms

Industry Association (TIA) standard IS-41 as the network protocol and is

the predominant system still in use today across 95 percent of the United

States, as well as North & South America and other countries. It provides

Mobile Telephony with a reduced set of diversion and call barring features.

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access is a digital cellular system

operating in the 800Mhz band using (TIA) standard IS-95. It is

implemented in North America, some South American countries and

the Far East and provides Mobile Telephony (similar to a reduced set

of GSM features) and data services (data, fax and internet).

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N-AMPS,

CDMA

TDMA

Air-interfaces, regardless of frequency.

TAP is generally used by operators employing:

GSM850

GSM900,

GSM1800,

GSM/PCS1900,

iDEN

Air-interfaces.

The diagram below shows Inter-standard roaming between an AMPS

carrier in the US and a GSM operator in Europe

The ILR is shown as performing:

• The protocol conversion between ANSI SS7 and ITU SS7

• The protocol conversion between IS-41 and MAP/ISUP

• Mapping and conversion between MIN/ESN and IMSI/IMEI/MSISDN

• Mapping AMPS Service Features and GSM Service Features

• Mapping Network Addresses (NPA/NXX and OPC/DPC) to

(GTT and OPC/DPC)

Normally both networks will be updating the ILR with valid details of

their subscribers that are allowed to perform inter-standard roaming

(such as identity in both networks, what service features are allowed,

have they just been barred from service, outgoing service only,

incoming service only, have they just been restored to service, etc.).

They will also be communicating with the ILR on the status of roamers

on their network at the time (e.g. current location, current paging

areas, current status, etc.).

When a subscriber turns a phone on for the first time in the serving

network, the subscriber will register on the network for the first time

using the air interface and relevant radio and signalling protocols

with the serving (visited) network. The serving (visited) network will

communicate with the ILR to authenticate the subscriber (the ILR

may even communicate this directly with the HLR). Dependent upon

serving network policy when the subscriber makes a call, the serving

network may (or may not) validate that call again with the ILR and,

if allowed, the serving network will switch the call for the roaming

subscriber. When the call is completed, the serving (visited) network

will create a switch Call Detail Record (CDR) that will be sent to a

mediation device or data collector for on-passing the CDR to a billing

system or billing vendor.

What happens to the call records?

These are processed normally by the billing system/vendor and calls

will be rated. An interval is agreed with the roaming partner.

AMPS Carrier

The AMPS Carrier will create CIBER batches from all of the serving

SID/BIDs that calls were made/received by the home operators

subscribers to all the home SID/BIDs that the customers belong to,

for that time interval (a number of CIBER batches). For Inter-Standard

roaming scenarios this is usually daily. (For more details on CIBER

batches please contact our experts at MACH). These batches are sent

from the billing system/vendor to the serving carrier’s clearing house.

AMPS NetworkIS-41

ANSI SS7

MAP/ISUP

ITU SS7

MIN/ESNAMPS Service Features

Address (NPA/NXX to DPC)

IMSI/IMEI/MSISDNGSM Service FeaturesAddress (GTT to DPC)

GSM NetworkInterworking

Location Register(ILR)

LocalDatabase

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The serving carrier’s clearing house will apply relevant edits

(validations), as agreed with the serving carrier, to these batches

to assure their quality and send them to the home carrier’s clearing

house (the Authorised Receipt Point [ARP] for the home carrier).

The ARP for the home carrier (clearing house) will apply relevant

edits (validations) as agreed with the home carrier to these batches

to assure their quality and will reject records failing those edits. If

the home carrier/operator is a GSM operator then the records will

be converted from CIBER to TAP and these records will be forwarded

to the home carrier’s/operator’s billing system/vendor for loading,

processing and output on the subscribers’ next bills.

GSM Operator

Each GSM operator creates a TAP file for all calls that were

made/received by the home operator’s subscribers in that time

interval. For Inter-Standard roaming scenarios this is usually daily.

These files will be sent from the billing system/vendor to the visited

operator’s clearing house.

The visited operator’s clearing house will apply relevant validations

(edits) as agreed with the visited operator to those files to assure

their quality and send them to the home carriers clearing house (the

Authorised Receipt Point [ARP] for the home carrier).

The ARP for the home carrier (clearing house) will apply relevant

validations (edits) as agreed with the home carrier to those files to

assure their quality and may (dependent upon the version of TAP)

reject records failing those validations. If the home carrier/operator

is an AMPS carrier then the records will be converted from TAP to

CIBER batches and those records will be forwarded to the home

carrier’s/operator’s billing system/vendor for loading, processing and

output on the subscribers’ next bills.

Other Useful Definitions

ARP: the clearing house that acts as the Authorised Receipt Point for

roamer call records on behalf of a carrier/operator.

Carrier: term used for an operator of a cellular or mobile phone

network, predominantly used in non-GSM based mobile industries.

Serving Carrier: synonymous with VPMN – the operator of a cellular

or mobile phone network that provides service to [or serves] the

roaming subscriber. Term is predominantly used in non-GSM based

mobile industries.

Home Carrier: synonymous with HPMN – the operator of a cellular

or mobile phone network that ‘owns’, and has the service contract

with, the subscriber that is roaming. Term is predominantly used in

non-GSM based mobile industries.

MIN: Mobile subscriber Identity Number. Synonymous with MSISDN

in the GSM world – this is the phone number that forms part of the

subscribers’ identity with the ESN (MIN and ESN together are the

subscriber’s identity).

ESN: Electronic Serial Number – synonymous with IMEI in the GSM

world. This is the identifier for the subscriber’s handset in non-GSM/

iDEN technologies. Forms part of the subscriber’s identity with the

MIN (MIN and ESN together are the subscribers identity).

CIBER: Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer RecordTM or

CIBER is the roaming record generally used by carriers employing

AMPS, N-AMPS, CDMA and TDMA air-interfaces, regardless of

frequency. CIBER is a set of proprietary protocols for the exchange of

billing information among wireless telecommunications companies,

billing vendors, and clearing houses, it is developed, maintained and

updated on behalf of the US cellular industry by CIBERNET Corpora-

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tion. Synonymous with TAP in the GSM world.

Batch: term used with the CIBER standard for a collection of roamer

records (CIBER Batch) to be sent to a particular entity. Synonymous

with the use File (TAP File) in the GSM world.

SID: System Identification Number. The SID is a 15-bit binary number

that translates into a five-digit decimal number. In all IS-41, IS-95

and IS-136 based systems, the SID is used to notify wireless users if

they are in their home area or roaming. Because each SID is unique

to a particular operator, the SID can also used to route roaming

call records in CIBER for billing among roaming partners. Has no

equivalent in the GSM world.

BID: Billing Identification Number. Similar to a SID, a BID is a five

digit decimal number. A BID can exceed the 15-bit constraint because

a serving carrier’s cell sites do not broadcast BIDs. The intent of a BID

is to either segment a carrier’s subscriber base, or to further segment

a geographic area defined by a SID. From a serving carrier’s perspec-

tive, a BID can be used to identify a portion of a wireless service area.

From a home carrier’s perspective, the BID can be used to identify a

particular customer segment, or customers “homed” in a particular

service area. This segment is achieved by associating a line range with

a particular BID. Has no equivalent in the GSM world.

The Road to 3GSM

As GSM matures and moves forward into the next evolutionary phase,

more and more companies are reaching the deployment phase.

Third Generation wireless systems provide new and better services ranging

from location-dependent to multimedia services such as fast web access

and file transfer, video on demand and multi-party video conferencing.

However, the many terms used to describe next generation GSM

networks and services do nothing to leverage the unique value of the

GSM eco-system and much to instil confusion. This is why the GSM

Association proposes the universal adoption of “3GSM” to describe

the 3G services delivered over the evolved GSM core network.

Key developments for 3GSM include a new wideband CDMA radio

interface capable of supporting data rates of up to 2Mb/s, an “all-IP”

architecture facilitating mobile internet services and applications and

new service creation options.

HSCSD (High Speed Circuit-Switched Data)

The first high-speed data capability for GSM networks, now available,

is HSCSD, a multislot data technique. HSCSD requires a new radio

TDMA

GPRSGSM

PDC

cdma One

EDGE

WCDMA

CDMA2000 1EVCDMA2000 1X

Evolution of Mobile Systems to 3G

2G

Voice and up to 14,4 kbit/s data

Actual user data rate 14,4 kbit/s

First Step Into 3G

64-144 kbit/s

20-60 kbit/s

3G Phase 1

384 kbit/s - 2 Mbit/s

60-120 kbit/s

Evovlved 3G

384 kbit/s - 10 Mbit/s

Over 384 kbit/s

Time 2000/2001 2001/2002 2003

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link protocol which has been standardised by ETSI and is a modifica-

tion of the existing protocol used to provide the GSM voice channel.

HSCSD is a high-speed circuit switched data technology, which will

ultimately enable data speeds of up to 57.6 kbps in GSM networks.

HSCSD phones capable of transmitting data at 14.4 kpbs over one

channel (or slot) are already available, a rate which represents an

improvement of 50% compared to the current speed of 9.6 kbps.

Multislot phones allow simultaneous use of up to four channels

for a data call, thus speeding up transmission significantly. This

allows for faster wireless Internet and e-mail access and files can be

downloaded much more quickly.

HSCSD is considered a 2.5G technology.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

GPRS is a packet-based GSM transmission technique that allows

speeds of up to 115 kbps. Packet switching uses the network only

when there is data to be sent, which is the major difference to

today’s circuit-switched technology (a continuous stream of data via

permanent connection) in systems such as GSM.

The implementation of GPRS allows Internet Protocol (IP) capability

for the GSM network. It permits connection to a wide range of public

and private data networks using industry-standard data protocols

such as TCP/IP and X.25. GPRS is ideal for large data applications

such as e-mail or Internet access. By upgrading their networks to

GPRS, GSM operators are taking an important step towards third

generation capabilities since UMTS uses packet-switching technology.

GPRS has been standardised by ETSI as part of the GSM Phase 2+

development and is considered a 2.5G technology.

HSCSD vs. GPRS

HSCSD has an advantage over GPRS in that HSCSD supports guar-

anteed quality of service because of the dedicated circuit-switched

communications channel. This makes HSCSD a better protocol for

timing-sensitive applications such as image or video transfer.

GPRS has the advantage over HSCSD for most data transfer because

HSCSD, which is circuit-switched, is less bandwidth efficient with

expensive wireless links than GPRS, which is packet-switched.

Due to this, HSCSD is not as widespread as GPRS.

CDMA 2000 1x

CDMA 2000 1xRTT is a 3G wireless technology based on the CDMA

platform. The 1x in 1xRTT refers to 1x the number of 1.25MHz

channels. The RTT in 1xRTT stands for Radio Transmission Technology.

CDMA 2000 1xRTT is a CDMA version of the IMT-2000 standard

developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Cdma2000 1x is considered to be a 2.5G technology.

EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution)

EDGE is an important step in the evolution to third generation opera-

tion. The shift from the well-established circuit-switched environment

we know today to the packet-switched world of GPRS will render a

multitude of new functions and services possible.

EDGE uses existing GSM infrastructure, but allows data speeds of

up to 384 kbps which is the speed being offered in the first phase of

third generation deployment. EDGE therefore presents a valid option

for GSM operators which do not have 3G licences. An important

attraction of EDGE is the smooth evolution and upgrade of existing

network hardware and software, which can be introduced into an

operator’s current GSM or TDMA network in existing frequency bands.

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The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is

adopting EDGE as a standard.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

UMTS is the European member of the IMT 2000 family of 3G mobile

cellular standards.

UMTS enables networks that offer true global roaming and can

support a wide range of voice, data and multimedia services. Data

rates offered by UMTS are: vehicular speeds 144 kbps; pedestrian

speeds 384 kbps; in-building 2Mbps.

UMTS networks build on the success of GSM and its existing

infrastructure and resources. The first stage of service and network

evolution is from today’s GSM systems, through the implementation

of HSCSD and GPRS. Some of the goals for UMTS are being met by

the evolving GSM standard such as global roaming and personalised

service features. More than that, UMTS offers greater spectrum ef-

ficiency and capacity compared to the current 2G and 2.5G networks.

A new air interface operating at above 2GHz offers superior capacity,

efficiencies and performance and will build on today’s investments

in second generation infrastructures and systems by re-using critical

resources. Thus UMTS provides an evolutionary path from the second

to the third generation.

The world’s leading equipment manufacturers are now presenting their

first WCDMA/UMTS handset models, with many of them featuring

in-built cameras. Most models in this first wave of UMTS terminal

designs are multi-band and multi-mode, allowing users to switch

seamlessly between UMTS, GPRS and GSM services in different

frequency bands as they travel around the world.

The UMTS Forum is an international and independent body, com-

mitted through the building of industry consensus to the successful

introduction and development of UMTS to satisfy future market

demands for low cost, high quality mobile personal communications.

Established in 1996, the UMTS Forum now has over 100 member

organisations (www.umts-forum.org).

W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)

W-CDMA describes a radio technology with a bandwidth of 5MHz or

more which provides multimedia access at up to 2 Mbps in the local

area and 384 Kbps wide area access with full mobility. In addition to

the large amount of data being carried, W-CDMA has the advantage of

building on existing GSM equipment and making very efficient use of

the available radio spectrum.

W-CDMA allows data transmission with a quality comparable to that

of ISDN. It offers excellent characteristics for high-speed transmis-

sion of video and large-volume data.

Several Wideband CDMA proposals have been submitted for third

generation wireless systems, amongst them W-CDMA and CDMA

2000. They can all be characterised by the following advanced

features: provision of multi-rate services, packed data, complex

spreading, seamless interfrequency handover, fast power control and

optional multi-user detection(see also sections on IMT-2000; UMTS)

Other Useful definitions

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is the name of a new, low-power radio technology that is being

developed to deliver short range wire-free mobility, such as for connecting

wireless phones to computing devices. This technology is available under

a free licence to anyone wishing to use it in their products.

Bluetooth devices are capable of linking up to 256 units, of which

eight can be operational at the same time. Bluetooth operates in the

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globally available 2.4 GHz band and devices equipped with the new

technology should be capable initially of exchanging data at speeds

up to 720 kbps and at ranges up to 10 meters. Transmission power is

1mW and integrated frequency hopping avoids interference.

Bluetooth security is based upon device authentication, not user

authentication. Each device is either trusted or untrusted. Bluetooth

devices are identified by unique 48-bit identifiers, much like Ethernet

MAC addresses. The development of Bluetooth started in early 1998

when several major telecommunications and computer companies

formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group which now has over a

2,000 members (www.bluetooth.com).

CAMEL (Customised Applications for Mobile Networks Enhanced Logic)

CAMEL is an application that permits Intelligent Network (IN) func-

tions to be integrated into the GSM network. Network operators which

implement the CAMEL feature are able to provide new and unique

operator-specific services (OSS). The CAMEL feature complements

and adds to the standard GSM supplementary services. OSS can

be extended to serve customers roaming to any other GSM PMN that

supports the CAMEL feature.

CAMEL facilitates the allocation of special numbers, fraud control and

prepaid roaming services amongst others.

e-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)

e-commerce is the broad definition of the new phenomenon of remote

commercial transactions using telecommunications and the Internet.

People are increasingly shopping for goods and services through

the Internet, with suppliers developing specialist websites that allow

potential customers to ‘browse’ as if they were in a department

store. The location of suppliers is irrelevant – they can be in the same

country or many thousands of miles away.

Initially, the take-up of e-commerce was inhibited by fears about the

security of Internet transactions but advances in the encryption process

have largely addressed these concerns and the e-commerce market is

set to flourish. A key element in the success of e-commerce will be the

forging of alliances and partnerships between the different operators,

Internet Service Providers (ISP), content providers and vendors.

IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000)

As early as in 1985, the ITU studied the requirements for 3G mobile

systems. Then the system was called FPMTS (Future Public Mobile

Telecommunication System), now IMT-2000.

Technical specifications for UMTS are being developed within 3GPP (Third

Generation Partnership Project) which is a global co-operation between

the world’s major standardisation bodies. This work is supported by the

participation of market representation partners to ensure that the techni-

cal standards produced meet the market requirements for all regions. The

initial market representation partners are the UMTS Forum, GMSA (Global

Mobile Suppliers Association) and the GSM Association.

Under the IMT-2000 model, the ITU plans that mobile telephony will

no longer be based on a range of market-specific products, but will be

founded on common standardised flexible platforms which will meet

the basic needs of major public, private, fixed and mobile markets

around the world. W-CDMA is the radio technology used for UMTS

(see section on W-CDMA).

The IMT2000 group has specified that 3G systems should conform to

the following definition and will provide support for:

• high data rates: 144 kbps (minimum) in all radio environments and 2

Mbps in low-mobility and indoor environments

• symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission (so the data rate

from basestation to handset may be the same or different to the

data rate from handset to basestation)

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• circuit-switched and packet-switched services, such as Internet

Protocol (IP) traffic and real-time video

• good voice quality (comparable to wire-line quality)

• greater capacity and improved spectrum efficiency

• several simultaneous services to end-users and terminals including

the seamless incorporation of second-generation cellular systems

for multimedia services, in order not to have any discontinuity

between second- and third-generation systems

• global, i.e. International roaming, between different IMT-2000

operational environments

• economies of scale and an open global standard that meets the

needs of the mass market

The Virtual Home Environment (VHE) as well as the UPT (Universal

Personal Telecommunications) will enable handsets to keep an ap-

plication’s context wherever they are located. Users, while roaming all

over the world, will therefore maintain their handsets’ “environment”.

EMS

Enhanced Message Service (EMS) is an extension of SMS that

enables the sending of a combination of simple melodies, images,

sounds, animations and formatted text as a message to another

EMS-compatible phone.

MMS

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is a store and forward messaging

service that allows mobile subscribers to exchange multimedia messages

with other mobile subscribers. As such it can be seen as an evolution of

SMS, with MMS supporting the transmission of additional media types:

• text

• picture

• audio

• video

• combinations of the above

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is an important service, which

allows the sending of multiple media in a single message and the

ability to send a message to multiple recipients.

The originator can easily create a Multimedia Message, either using

a built-in or accessory camera, or can use images and sounds stored

previously in the phone (and, possibly, downloaded from a website).

Even if the recipient phone is not switched on, the Multimedia

Message will be stored and sent to the recipient as soon as the phone

is switched on. In a non-roaming case, it is expected that subscribers

will allow Multimedia Messages to be downloaded automatically

to their phones and they would then be notified and could see the

Multimedia Message immediately.

Each Multimedia Message contains a number of pages (think of a

PowerPoint slide show as an analogy). On each page, there can be

one image and one set of text. An audio file can also be attached.

The time that each “page” is displayed can be specified, so the user

experience is somewhat like a slide show. A number of Multimedia

Messages can be stored in the users handset and reviewed or

forwarded at a later date.

VoiP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

Internet Protocol (IP) is used for the transmission of data, primarily

between computers over the Internet. Voice over IP takes standard

voice signals and encodes them using IP.

At present, most voice signals are carried using circuit-switched

bearers where a channel is set up and maintained between the calling

and called parties for the duration of a call. Contrary to common

technology, IP divides the voice into packets and each packet is sent

separately. This means that the total bandwidth required can be

reduced since nothing needs to be sent when the caller is not speaking.

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The main benefits of VoIP are the ability to get international calls at

local rates by routing voice traffic over the Internet and the future

convergence of today’s networks into a single network for voice and

data traffic. This would result in scale and operational economies for

the network operator and greater opportunities to integrate voice and

data services.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

WAP is a technology designed to provide users of mobile terminals

with rapid and efficient access to the Internet. It is a protocol

optimised not only for use on the narrow band radio channels as used

by second generation digital wireless systems, but also for the limited

capabilities and functionality of the display systems used by today’s

mobile terminals. WAP integrates telephony services with micro-

browsing and enables easy-to-use interactive Internet access from

the mobile handset. Typical WAP applications include over-the-air

e-commerce transactions, online banking, information provision and

messaging. WAP will enable operators to develop innovative services

to provide differentiation in competitive market environments.

WAP has been developed as a co-operative project between a number

of suppliers to help boost mass-market wireless Internet services.

There is now a large range of WAP phones available on the market.

The WAP Forum develops and promotes WAP technology and consists

of over 100 members from leading telecommunications and software

companies (www.wapforum.org).

WLAN Roaming at a Glance

Since the adoption of the first IEEE 802.11 based wireless standard

back in 1999, an increasing number of vendors have used this and

subsequent standards to produce WLAN products. The availability of

WLAN devices and the reasonable low cost of devices have resulted in

the increased use of WLAN for residential broadband services.

Although WLAN came to the wireless communication market much

later than cellular, the number of users is growing rapidly and WLAN

services are playing an important role, especially in data service.

Current WLAN standards deliver data rates at 11 Mbps and 54 Mbps

– with future WLAN standards promising data rates up to 540 Mbps

and, as WLAN operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency band,

anyone can establish their own WLAN hotspot. Pioneers of high speed

internet access have also built WLAN hotspots to provide WLAN

access at public locations, such as airports, hotels, coffee shops,

industrial parks, schools and, increasingly, many residential areas or

even entire cities. Access to the public WLAN services provided at

public hotspots is primarily offered on prepaid basis through vouchers

(or scratch-cards) or online credit-card payment.

Public WLAN services have thus so far been developed in relative

isolation. The ability to subscribe to public WLAN services using a

common service provider, e.g. a mobile operator, enables a subscriber

to utilise hotspots from different WLAN providers with the same user

id and password and be invoiced for the WLAN service through a

single bill from the home service provider.

Mobile operators are reaching the conclusion that WLAN service is a

required element in their service portfolio to attract new subscribers

and reduce churn – especially in the business market. In this environ-

ment, they are all identifying possible ways of acting in this new Public

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WLAN space. The missing link is roaming.

WLAN hotpots only provide limited coverage and WLAN therefore

does not allow for truly ubiquitous service. Public WLAN requires

certain network capabilities including access control, authentication,

authorization and accounting. In addition, inter-operator clearing and

settlement is required, as access point providers, WISPs and home

service providers all need to be paid appropriately. Only through the

implementation of these capabilities can WLAN roaming be provided

by a service provider to it subscribers.

The figure below depicts the WLAN roaming model, including neces-

sary functions and participants

Useful Definitions

AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. A framework

for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing

policies, auditing usage and providing the information necessary to

bill for services.

Access Controller: The Public Access Control (PAC) Gateway, or

Access Controller, may be used by WISPs to provide the access and

services control in their Wi-Fi network. The Access Controller can

perform several key functions for the WISP in order to support the

Universal Access Methodology (UAM).

Access Point: Transceiver that connects a Wireless Local Area

Network (WLAN) to one or more wireless devices or that acts as a

connector between the wired and wireless segments of a WLAN.

Authentication: The process of identifying a subscriber – usually

based on, but not limited to, a username and password.

Authentication Credentials: A unique user ID and password

combination which is typically in the form of a Network Access

Identifier (NAI) as defined in IETF RFC 2486.

Authorization: The process of granting or denying a subscriber access

to the service once the subscriber has been authenticated.

Client Software: A client-based software application that may be

used by roaming subscribers, which resides on the subscriber’s WLAN

device and assists in establishing connectivity between the device

and a WLAN Network.

WLAN Device: refers to a Personal Computer (PC), Personal Data

Assistant (PDA) or (Smart) Phone used by a roaming subscriber to

access a WLAN.

NAI: Network Access Identifier. The NAI is the User ID submitted by

the client during authentication and used when roaming to identify the

subscriber as well as to assist in the routing of the authentication request

to the authentication server of the service provider serving the subscriber.

GSM Operator WLAN Operator

WLAN Solution Architecture

End UserBill

• Radius• SIM/HLR

NAISoftSIMSMS OTPSIM (SSL or EAP)

• Roaming database• Accounting database• Signalling Gateway and• Radius Proxy

Visiter fromGSM Operator

standardGSM SIM

Ethernet

Authentication platform

AccessPoint

802.11 a/b/gAir Interface

AccessServer

Inter-OperatorSolutionProvider

Roamingplatform

BillingSystem

INVOICE

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Hotspot: an individual location or area within the Public WLAN where

WLAN access is provided and accessible for roaming subscribers.

RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial In User Service. RADIUS is an

authentication and accounting system used by many Internet service

providers and organizations to provide secure internet access.

Secure Authentication Portal (SAP): A web page where users of the

wireless network enter their user credentials to obtain access to the

network using an encrypted mechanism.

Universal Access Method (UAM): An access method that allows

a roaming subscriber to access WISP services with only an Internet

browser and Wi-Fi device, so that all users, regardless of device type

or operating system, can utilise the WLAN roaming service. The UAM

utilizes an Internet browser-based secure authentication portal, user

credential entry and RADIUS AAA. The UAM represents the lowest

common denominator for granting access to a WISP network, ensuring

that all users can share the same experience.

Virtual Private Network (VPN): A way to use a public telecommunica-

tion infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide secure access to

the company network.

Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP): A WISP is a business

entity that manages and sells broadband Internet access to a network

of public WLAN Access Points located at hotspots.

WLAN: A Wireless Local Area Network, or Wireless LAN, in which data

is transmitted from point to point without the use of wires. WLANs

are also known as Wi-Fi networks. WLAN is standardised through

the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b,

802.11a or 802.11g standards.

802.1x: A protocol for authentication and port-based access control

supporting enhanced access security, but not widely deployed in

public access environments. Unlike the UAM, the 802.1x access

method requires client software on the subscriber device.

Key Organisations

There are a number of key organisations involved in all aspects of

telecommunications and this section presents a selection of various

international and major players in the industry.

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

www.3gpp.org

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration

agreement that was established in December 1998. The collaboration

agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards

bodies which are known as “Organizational Partners”. The current

Organizational Partners are ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.

The establishment of 3GPP was formalized in December 1998 by the

signing of the “The 3rd Generation Partnership Project Agreement”.

The original scope of 3GPP was to produce globally applicable Technical

Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3rd Generation Mobile

System based on evolved GSM core networks and the radio access

technologies that they support (i.e., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

(UTRA) both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex

(TDD) modes). The scope was subsequently amended to include

the maintenance and development of the Global System for Mobile

communication (GSM) Technical Specifications and Technical Reports

including evolved radio access technologies (e.g. General Packet Radio

Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)).

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ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (www.arib.or.jp)

ATIS: Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (www.atis.org)

CCSA: China Communications Standards Association (www.ccsa.org.cn)

ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute (www.etsi.org)

TTA: Telecommunications Technology Association (www.tta.or.kr)

TTC : Telecommunication Technology Committee (www.ttc.or.jp)

3GA 3G Americas

www.3gamericas.org

Founded in January 2002, 3G Americas, LLC unites mobile operators

and manufacturers in the Americas to provide a single voice to

represent the GSM family of wireless technologies – GSM, GPRS,

EDGE, and UMTS/HSDPA.

The mission of 3G Americas is to promote and facilitate the seamless

deployment throughout the Americas of GSM and its evolution to 3G

and beyond. 3G Americas is committed to working with regulatory bod-

ies, technical standards bodies, and other global wireless organizations

to promote truly seamless interoperability and convergence. These

relationships include Market Representation Partner for 3GPP (Third

Generation Partnership Project), membership in CITEL (Inter-American

Telecommunications Commission), collaborative working agreements

with the GSM Association, UMTS Forum, and ASETA (Association of

Telecommunications Enterprises of the Andean Community).

Representing more than 75% of the world’s digital wireless market, GSM is

the most extensively used digital mobile network technology in the world

with the most extensive wireless footprint. As the fastest growing technology

in the Americas, GSM grew by 90 percent from Q3 2004 to Q3 2005.

ALACEL Latin American Wireless Industry Association

www.alacel.com

ALACEL is an international organization which represents private

wireless companies. Founded in Mexico in 1992 by representatives

of 21 countries at the 2nd Pan-American Cellular Conference. ALACEL

is a non-profit corporation that is supported by the contributions of

its members. ALACEL is the leading and most effective information

exchange forum, sharing experiences and all kinds of externalities

among cellular, satellite and PCS of Latin America and the Caribbean,

and is comprised of the most important companies in the region.

RCA Rural Cellular Association

www.rca-usa.org

RCA is the premier association representing rural wireless telecom-

munications providers across the United States.

RCA speaks with a strong, united voice on issues that concern its

members and keeps them informed through timely sharing of informa-

tion, knowledge and expertise to the common benefit of all members.

RCA has been at the heart of the rural wireless success story since it

began in 1992. Their primary focus is representing two-way wireless

communication providers with less than 500,000 subscribers. These

companies primarily serve small rural markets each with its own set

of challenges and opportunities. RCA’s primary goal is to help its

members meet those challenges successfully and capitalize on all

opportunities. In addition, RCA provides opportunities to learn more

about the industry and network with other members through various

meetings and seminars.

CDG CDMA Development Group

www.cdg.org

The CDMA Development Group (CDG), founded in December 1993, is an

international consortium of companies who have joined together to lead the

adoption and evolution of 3G CDMA wireless systems around the world.

The CDG is comprised of CDMA service providers and manufacturers,

application developers and content providers. By working together,

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the members help to ensure interoperability among systems, while

expediting the availability of 3G CDMA technology to consumers.

COAI Cellular Operators Association of India

www.coai.com

The Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) was constituted in

1995 as a registered, non-profit, non-governmental society dedicated to

the advancement of communication, particularly modern communication

through Cellular Mobile Telephone Services.

With a vision to establish and sustain a world-class cellular

infrastructure and facilitate affordable mobile communication services

in India, COAI’ main objectives are to protect the common & collective

interests of its members.

Keeping the mandate given to it, COAI is the official voice for the

Indian Cellular industry and on its behalf it interacts with:

the policy maker, the licensor, the regulator, the spectrum manage-

ment agency, the industry (telecom /non-telecom) associations

CTIA Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association

www.ctia.org

CTIA - The Wireless Association®, is an international organization

representing all sectors of wireless communications – cellular,

personal communication services and enhanced specialized mobile

radio. As a nonprofit membership organization founded in 1984, we

represent service providers, manufacturers, wireless data and Internet

companies and other contributors to the wireless universe.

ECTA European Competitive Telecommunications Association

www.ectaportal.com/en

Founded in 1998, the association looks after the regulatory and

commercial interests of new entrant telecoms operators, ISPs and

suppliers of products and services to the communications industry.

ECTA now has some 150 member companies - operators, service

providers and suppliers as well as National Associations of such who

all contribute towards regulatory policy development and participate

in our comprehensive range of networking events, conferences,

seminars, briefings and executive meetings.

ECTA works for a fair regulatory environment which allows all

electronic communications providers to compete on level terms

in order to multiply investment and innovation throughout an

effective European internal market. The association represents

the telecommunications industry to key government and

regulatory bodies and maintains a forum for networking and

business development.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

www.etsi.org

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an

independent, non-profit organization, whose mission is to produce

telecommunications standards for today and for the future.

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is

officially responsible for standardization of Information and Com-

munication Technologies (ICT) within Europe. These technologies

include telecommunications, broadcasting and related areas such as

intelligent transportation and medical electronics.

ETSI unites 654 members from 59 countries inside and outside

Europe, including manufacturers, network operators,

administrations, service providers, research bodies and users

– in fact, all the key players in the ICT arena.

ETSI plays a major role in developing a wide range of standards

and other technical documentation as Europe’s contribution to

world-wide ICT standardization. This activity is supplemented by

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interoperability testing services and other specialisms. ETSI’s

prime objective is to support global harmonization by providing a

forum in which all the key players can contribute actively. ETSI is

officially recognized by the European Commission and the

EFTA secretariat.

Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth Special Interest Group

www.bluetooth.com

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) is a privately held,

not-for-profit trade association.

The SIG is composed of over 6,000 members who are leaders in

the telecommunications, computing, automotive, music, apparel,

industrial automation, and network industries, and a small group of

dedicated staff in Hong Kong, Sweden, and the USA.

SIG members drive the development of Bluetooth wireless technology,

and implement and market the technology in their products varying

from mobile phones to printers. So when purchasing a Bluetooth

enabled product, you are not purchasing a product from the Bluetooth

SIG, but from one of its many valued members.

GSA Global Mobile Suppliers Association

www.gsacom.com

GSA, the Global mobile Suppliers Association, is the forum for,

and represents, the leading GSM/3G suppliers world-wide. It is an

organization created to meet suppliers needs and already represents

over 80% of GSM/3G market share globally. Membership is open to

all suppliers of GSM/3G systems, devices, services, applications and

solutions from across the entire supply chain.

GSA provides a single information resource for the industry including

subscriber growth, GSM, EDGE and WCDMA/HSPA network deploy-

ments, device availability, and service successes. GSM/3G market

and technology updates are provided on the website www.gsacom.

com and in publications such as the GSM/3G Network Update. GSA

also facilitates networking and dialogue between member companies

for information sharing, business development opportunities, and

access to the global market.

Organizing regular briefings is a key element of GSA programs and is

targeted to the key influencers.

GSA co-operates with and supports other key organizations including

3GPP (GSA is a Market Representation Partner), COAI, ETSI, European

Commission, GSMA, ITESAP, and ITU.

GSMA Global System for Mobile Communications Association

www.gsmworld.com

See GSM Association Section for detailed information.

ITU International Telecommunications Union.

www.itu.int

The International Telecommunication Union is unique among

international organisations in that it was founded on the principle of

co-operation between governments and the private sector. With a

membership encompassing telecommunication policy-makers and

regulators, network operators, equipment manufacturers, hardware

and software developers, regional standards-making organisations

and financing institutions, ITU’s activities, policies and strategic

direction are determined and shaped by the industry it serves.

The three Sectors of the Union — Radiocommunication (ITU-R),

Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T), and Telecommunication

Development (ITU-D) — work today to build and shape tomor-

row’s networks and services. Their activities cover all aspects of

telecommunication, from setting standards that facilitate seamless

interworking of equipment and systems on a global basis to adopting

operational procedures for the vast and growing array of wireless

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services and designing programmes to improve telecommunication

infrastructure in the developing world.

In this rapidly changing environment, ITU is changing too, reshaping itself

to ensure it remains relevant to the evolving needs of its long-standing

members, while recognizing and fulfilling the expectations of newer players.

IRAP International Roaming Access Protocol

www.goirap.org

txt to be provided by Christian Thrysoe asap.

MDA Mobile Data Association

www.mda-mobiledata.org

The Mobile Data Association (MDA) was established in 1994 to

increase awareness of mobile data amongst users and their advisers.

As well as providing a focal point for industry participants to meet and

share information on technical and business issues, the MDA actively

works to promote the uses and benefits of wireless value added

services through industry and business press; conferences; seminars

and the maintenance of a web site.

The MDA reflects the common voice of the mobile data industry.

Already it has created a new level of awareness amongst users and

advisers directly influencing operational management.

OMA Open Mobile Alliance

www.openmobilealliance.org

The mission of the Open Mobile Alliance is to facilitate global user

adoption of mobile data services by specifying market driven mobile

service enablers that ensure service interoperability across devices,

geographies, service providers, operators, and networks, while allow-

ing businesses to compete through innovation and differentiation.

Maintaining an open organization is key to OMA’s vision for broad

industry participation and adoption. Openness in this sense comprises

of actively collaborating with other organizations and inviting comments

and communications with other industry organizations. Openness also

means developing industry solutions in a transparent manner, allowing

other organizations insight into the technical aspects of the organiza-

tion. Being able to see and comment on early versions of documents

and contributions allows external organizations to be more involved

in and aware of evolving service enablers. Finally, openness means

that any interested party may join OMA and contribute to the technical

specifications, and any entity (both members and non-members)

may build applications and services in accordance with OMA’s open

specifications and interfaces under the same conditions.

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association.

www.tiaonline.org

TIA is the leading trade association for the information and com-

munications technology (ICT) industry. TIA serves ICT suppliers to

global markets through its leadership in standards development,

domestic and international policy advocacy, and facilitating member

business opportunities. TIA represents the communications sector of

the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).

TIA represents providers of information and communications technology

products and services for the global marketplace through its core

competencies in standards development, domestic and international

policy advocacy, and facilitating member business opportunities. The

association facilitates the convergence of new communications networks

while working for a competitive and innovative market environment. TIA

strives to further members’ business opportunities, economic growth and

the betterment of humanity through improved communications.

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UMTS Forum Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Forum

www.umts-forum.org

The UMTS Forum is an open, international body for promoting the global

uptake of UMTS third generation (3G) mobile systems and services.

The UMTS Forum recognises the importance of all players - including

new entrants - in the mobile value chain. As well as offering guidance

to governmental and financial communities it also provides marketing

input to technical standardisation bodies and advises on spectrum

requirements both for the present and future 3G systems. The UMTS

Forum serves the interests of all its members through educational and

promotional activities in its role as the voice of the 3G mobile market.

WCA Wireless Communications Association International

www.wcai.com

Founded in 1988, the Wireless Communications Association

International (WCA) is the non-profit trade and professional associa-

tion for the Wireless Broadband industry with member companies on

six continents representing the bulk of the sector’s leading carriers,

vendors and consultants.

The WCA’s mission is to advance the interests of the wireless carriers

that provide high-speed data, Internet, voice and video services

on broadband spectrum through land-based systems using recep-

tion/transmit devices in all broadband spectrum bands. The WCA is

an established leader in government relations, technology standards

and industry event organization.

Wi-Fi Alliance

www.wi-fi.org

The Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association formed

in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network

products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. Currently the Wi-Fi

Alliance has over 250 member companies from around the world, and

over 2800 products have received Wi-Fi certification since certifica-

tion began in March of 2000. The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance’s members

is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability.

WLANA Wireless LAN Alliance

www.wlana.org

The Wireless LAN Association is a non-profit educational trade

association, comprised of the thought leaders and technology

innovators in the local area wireless technology industry. Through the

vast knowledge and experience of Sponsor and Affiliate members,

WLANA provides a clearinghouse of information about wireless local

area applications, issues and trends and serves as a resource to

customers and prospects of wireless local area products and wireless

personal area products and to industry press and analysts.

GSM Association

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GSM ASSOCIATION

The GSM Association (GSMA) is the global trade association

representing the interests of more than 720 GSM mobile operators

and over 190 key GSM manufacturers and suppliers across 215

countries and regions around the world. There are currently over 2.2

Billion GSM customers worldwide.

The GSMA aims to accelerate the implementation of collectively identified,

commercially prioritised operator requirements and to take leadership in

representing the global GSM mobile operator community with one voice

on a wide variety of issues nationally, regionally and globally.

The GSMA’s Associate Members support the Association’s Full

Member operators providing GSM, GPRS, EDGE & 3GSM services.

MACH is an Associate Member of the GSM Association.

The Association is assisted in achieving its objectives and implement-

ing its business plan by the various working, technical and regional

interest groups listed below.

For more information, visit the website at:

www.gsmworld.com

GSM Association Working Groups

Working Groups of operator and supplier members from around the

world oversee the practical aspects of running wireless services today

and for the future. The scope of these groups is considerable, reflecting

the sophisticated and thorough approach to the maintenance and

growth of the GSM family of wireless communication platforms. Each

group has a section in the Infocentre (Members-only website), which

allows Members to register to join a group, communicate between

Members of that group and access relevant information such as current

issues, output documents, meeting schedules and contact details. The

Working Groups are responsible to the Association’s Executive Manage-

ment Committee (EMC) and maintain an annual work programme that is

approved by the EMC. Where a number of Working Groups are required

to coordinate their activities together to deliver a specific topic then a

project team is created for this purpose, also reporting to the EMC.

Billing, Accounting & Roaming Group – BARG

BARG supports international roaming through the on-going evalu-

ation and assessment of the specification, focusing on financial,

administrative and procedural issues. This work includes the definition

and implementation of charging principles for international roaming,

together with the related inter-operator procedures, billing harmonisa-

tion, credit control and liaison with other groups regarding fraud control.

Email: barg@gsm.org

Transferred Account Data Interchange Group – TADIG

The main focus of TADIG is the development and maintenance of data

interchange specifications facilitating inter-operator billing, financial

settlement and fraud monitoring, for international roaming purposes.

TADIG is responsible for the following specifications:

• Transferred Account Procedure (TAP3), the exchange of wholesale

billing information. The TAP3 specification is available from

www.gsmworld.com/using/billing/index.shtml.

• The Roaming Agreement Electronic eXchange (RAEX) - the exchange

of international roaming agreement (AA.14) data.

• Electronic Invoice Data (EID) – the exchange of inter-operator

invoice data.

• Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange (NRTRDE) – the exchange of

roaming usage details.

Email: tadig@gsm.org

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technologies, and advises members of possible security issues, or

required countermeasures.

Email sg@gsm.org

Services Review Group – SRG

The main focus of the Services Review Group (SRG) is the prioritisation

of services work from a roaming and inter-working perspective within the

GSM community in order to ensure a consistent service offering to mobile

customers on a worldwide basis.

SRG members are nominated by the EMC, and the Chair of the SRG sits

on the EMC.

Email srg@gsm.org

Devices Working Group – DG

The DG is actively involved in all Device matters covering issues such as:

• Specifying device requirements, resolving interoperability, and

quality issues

• Working with SDOs for device testing and certification

• Field Trial testing for input into GCF

Email dg@gsm.org

Smart Card Working Group – SCaG

The SCaG group addresses all issues related to Smart Cards (SIM / USIM)

• Smart Card and SIM development issues

• The role of Smart Cards in future services

• The role of Smart cards as an enabler for connecting the unconnected

Email scag@lists.gsm.org

Interconnect Working Group (IWG)

IWG has overall responsibility for Interconnection and Interworking

related matters aimed at improving the quality of GSM operator

interconnection and Interworking relationships worldwide between

operators and third parties, and between operators themselves

Inter-working Roaming Expert Group – IREG

IREG specifies technical, operational and performance issues sup-

porting inter-working and roaming in close liaison with the operator

community. IREG is responsible for the GPRS Roaming Exchange and

its evolution, the IP packet Exchange (IPX) architecture and delivery

of Open Connectivity initiatives such as SMS and MMS hubbing. IREG

studies the compatibility and interoperability perspectives of the

signalling (SS7/MAP) and interworking of roaming issues between

voice and packet data networks including PLMNs (Public Land Mobile

Networks), PSTNs (Public Switched Telephone Networks), IN/Camel

(intelligent Networks), ISDNs (Integrated Services Digital Networks),

NGNs (Next Generation Networks) and IP/Packet Data Networks, to

define the end-to-end functional tests of bearer services, teleservices,

supplementary services and IP services such as MMS, GPRS, IMS, IM,

WLAN, ENUM, C7 emulation etc.

Email ireg@gsm.org

Fraud Forum – FF

The main focus of the Fraud Forum is to identify and analyse the

various techniques that are used throughout the world to perpetrate

fraud against member networks and to recommend practical, cost

effective solutions. In conjunction with the Security Group, the Fraud

Forum monitors and reports on all types of cellular fraud and security

breaches throughout the world.

Email ff@gsm.org

Security Group – SG

SG maintains and develops GSMA algorithms and protocols, and

has responsibility for maintaining the technical security aspects

of network infrastructure and customer apparatus. The group also

works closely with the Fraud Forum by examining and recommending

infrastructure solutions to combat fraud. The Group consists of techni-

cal representatives from Association members who study the security

threats to GSM, its interfacing with 3rd Generation and converging

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covering the following responsibilities:

• Development of procedures and processes to enable efficient

interconnect accounting and setting rules and/or guidelines for

relationships between parties.

• Development of interworking charging principles

• Promoting and development of Service Level Agreements, Key

Performance Indicators and generally improving Quality of Service

for Interconnection and Interworking.

Email: iwg@gsm.org

Task Forces

Task forces typically supplement Working Groups and are designed

to be short-lived, highly focused entities with the purpose of quickly

delivering on specific topics. For this reason, the list of task forces will

always be dynamic.

Regional Interest Groups

Whilst the reach and impact of the GSM family of mobile communications

is by every definition global, there are always particular issues that may be

of higher importance or relevance within a specific region. Accordingly, the

GSM Association has set up Regional Interest Groups to focus and work

on common issues that are affecting operators in a particular region.

Each of the seven Regional Interest Groups aims to represent the

interests of GSM operators at the highest level. They focus on the key

issues of the GSM business and the future of the GSM platform that

are most appropriate to the region. The sub-structure of the regional

groups may vary according to the issues addressed.

The primary objectives of the Regional Interest Groups are to:

• Promote and facilitate development of the GSM family of mobile

communication platforms within a particular region

• Support the evolution of the GSM family of mobile communications

and inter-operator relationships

• Represent regional issues and concerns at a regional level

• Facilitate, enhance, protect and support the investment in network

infrastructure within the geographical area

• Identify and pursue future directions and opportunities.

Regional Interest Group e-mail contact

Africa gsmaf@gsm.org

Arab World gsmaw@gsm.org

Asia Pacific gsmap@gsm.org

Europe gsme@gsm.org

India gsmin@gsm-india.com

North America gsmna@gsm.org

Latin America gsmla@gsm.org

Fora & Standards Bodies

Members of the GSM Association participate in various industry stand-

ards bodies and fora. To ensure that GSMA strategies are focused and

championed, the GSMA, on behalf of its operator members, coordinates

member input and organises activities in some of these external groups:

Global Certification Forum – GCF

The Global Certification Forum, known as GCF, is a leading

authority whose certification programme assures the global

interoperability of 2G and 3G terminals at both bearer and

application enabler levels.

The membership is a unique partnership of over 250 companies

comprising handset manufacturers, operators and related test

industry organisations across the world.

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Membership is open to all operators who are full members of the

GSMA. Simply contact secretariat@globalcertificationforum.org to

activate your membership and start taking advantage of GCF benefits:

• Early notification of newly certified terminals (operators only)

• Full access to members-only portal where all the certification

criteria can be found

• Active participation in defining certification criteria to ensure

operator requirements are met.

GCF certification is voluntary, though operators are increasingly

requesting this requirement. Handset manufacturer members can

self certify their terminals online through the GCF portal provided they

have a recognised Quality Assurance Program in place. This means

certification can be timely and costs are kept to a minimum.

The number of terminals awarded GCF certification is growing rapidly,

reflecting the dynamic nature of the industry. In 2001, the first year of

certification, 11 terminals were certified. By the end of 2006 well over

200 terminals had been certified that year alone. In total, over 760

terminals have been approved.

For further information please visit www.globalcertificationforum.org

Open Mobile Alliance – OMA

This organisation develops open standards and specifications for

service enablers running on all mobile technologies, regardless of the

air interface. It has become a catalyst for the affiliation into OMA of

other standards bodies working on a broad array of innovative services.

For further information please visit the OMA website at

www.openmobilealliance.org

3rd Generation Partnership Project – 3GPP

3GPP is a collaboration agreement which brings together a number of

telecommunications standards bodies which are known as ‘Organisa-

tional Partners’. The current Organisational Partners are ARIB, CCSA,

ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.

3GPP is tasked to produce globally applicable Technical Specifica-

tions and Reports for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on

evolved GSM core networks and the radio access technologies that

they support. The scope also includes the maintenance and develop-

ment of GSM Technical Specifications.

For further information please visit the 3GPP website at www.3gpp.org

Membership

The GSM Association offers two types of membership, Full Member-

ship and Associate Membership.

Full membership is open to licensed 2G and 3GSM mobile network

operators committed to implementing any or all of the GSM family

of technologies (GSM, GPRS, EDGE & 3GSM) for digital

mobile communications.

Associate Membership is open to suppliers and manufacturers of the

GSM Family of technology platforms (GSM, GPRS, EDGE & 3GSM).

Applicants can apply under any of the 13 available categories.

Application forms and further information for both full and associate

membership can be downloaded from:

www.gsmworld.com/membership or email membership@gsm.org.

Member Services Department

GSM Association HQ, Block 2, Third Floor, Deansgrange Business Park,

Deansgrange, Co Dublin, Ireland

membership@gsm.org, Tel: +353 1 289 1814, fax: +353 1 289 1551

Mobile Operators

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M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

AFGHANISTAN

AFGAR Areeba Afghanistan

900/1800 www.areeba.com.af

AFGAW Afghan Wireless Communication Company

900/1800 www.afghan-wireless.com

AFGTD Telecom Development Company Afghanistan Ltd

900 www.roshan.af

ALBANIA

ALBAM Albanian Mobile Communications sh.a.

900 www.amc.al

ALBVF Vodafone Albania

900/1800 www.vodafone.al

ALGERIA

DZAA1 ATM MOBILIS

900 www.mobilis.dz/index.htm

DZAOT Orascom Telecom Algerie Spa

900/1800 www.djezzygsm.com

DZAWT Wataniya Telecom Algerie

900/1800 www.nedjma.dz

ANDORRA

ANDMA Servei De Tele. DAndorra

900 www.sta.ad

ANGOLA

AGOUT Unitel S.a.r.l.

900 www.unitel.co.ao

ANGUILLA

AIACW Cable & Wireless (West Indies) Ltd. Anguilla

850 www.anguillanet.com

1900 Wireless Ventures (Anguilla) Ltd

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

ATG03 Antigua Public Utilities Authority-APUA

1900 www.apua.ag

ATGCW Cable & Wireless Caribbean Cellular (Antigua) Limited

850 www.cwantigua.com

ARGENTINA

ARGCM CTI PCS S.A.

1900 www.cti.com.ar

ARGNC Nextel Argentina S.R.L.

900 www.nextel.com.ar

ARGTM Telefonica Comunicaciones Personales SA

1900 www.unifon.com.ar

ARGTP Telecom Personal SA

1900 www.personal.com.ar

ARMENIA, REPUBLIC OF

ARM01 ArmenTel

900 www.armentel.com

ARM05 K Telecom CJSC

900/1800 www.vivacell.am

ARMKT KARABAKH TELECOM

900 www.karabakhtelecom.com

ARUBA

ABWDC New Millenium Telecom Services (NMTS)

900/1800

ABWSE SETAR (Servicio di Telecomunicacion di Aruba)

900/1800/1900 www.setar.aw

AUSTRALIA

AUSGS/GM Globalstar GSM Satellite

www.globalstar.com

2 1 8 2 1 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

AUSHU Hutchison 3G Australia Pty Limited

3G www.three.com.au

AUSOP Singtel Optus Limited

900/1800/3G www.optus.net.au

AUSOT One.Tel GSM 1800 PTY Ltd.

1800

AUSTA Telstra Corporation Limited

900/1800/3G www.telstra.com

AUSVF Vodafone Pacific Limited

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.com.au

AUSTRIA

AUTCAON ONE GMBH

1800/3G www.one.at

AUTHU Hutchison 3G Austria GmbH

3G www.drei.com

AUTMK/PT Mobilkom Austria AG

900/1800/3G www.mobilkomaustria.com

AUTMM T-Mobile Austria GmbH

900/1800/3G www.t-mobile.at

AUTTR T-Mobile Austria GmbH

1800/3G www.telering.at

AZERBAIJAN, REPUBLIC OF

AZEAC Azercell Telecom Ltd.

O900 www.azercell.com

AZEAF Azerfon LLC

1800 www.azerfon.az

AZEBC J.V. Bakcell

O900 www.bakcell.com

BAHAMAS

BHSBH The Bahamas Telecommunications Company Ltd

1900 www.btcbahamas.com

BAHRAIN

BHRBT Bahrain Telecommunications Company

900 www.batelco.com.bh

BHRMV MTC Vodafone (Bahrain) B.S.C.

900/1800/3G www.mtc-vodafone.com.bh

BANGLADESH

BGDAK TM International (Bangladesh) Ltd

900 www.aktel.com

BGDBL Sheba Telecom (Pvt.) Ltd. - Banglalink

900 www.banglalinkgsm.com

BGDGP Grameenphone Ltd.

900 www.grameenphone.com

BGDTT Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd

900 www.bttb.gov.bd

BGDWT Warid Telecom International LLC

1800 www.waridtel.com

BARBADOS

BRBCW Cable & Wireless Barbados Ltd.

1900 www.candw.com.bb/barbados

BRBDC Digicel (Barbados) Limited

900/1800/1900 www.digiceljamaica.com/

900/1900 Cellular Communications Barbados

BELARUS

BLR02 JLLC Mobile TeleSystems

900/1800 www.mts.by

BLRBT Belarussian Telecommunications Network

900/1800 www.best.by

BLRMD Mobile Digital Communications

900/1800 www.velcom.by

2 2 0 2 2 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

BELGIUM

BELKO Base NV/S.A.

900/1800/3G www.base.be

BELMO Mobistar S.A.

900/1800/3G www.mobistar.be

BELTB Belgacom Mobile

900/3G www.proximus.be

BELIZE

BLZ67 Belize Telecom Ltd.

1900 www.digicell.bz

BENIN

BEN02 Telecel Benin

900 www.telecel-benin.com

BENBB Bell Benin Communications (BBCOM)

900/1800 www.bellbenin.bj

BENLI Office des Postes et Telecommunications du Benin

900

BENSP Spacetel-Benin

900 www.areeba.com.bj

BERMUDA

BMU01 Telecommunications (Bermuda & West Indies) Ltd

1900 www.digicelbermuda.com

BMUID ACeS International Limited (AIL)

Satellite www.acesinternational.com

BMUNI M3 Wireless Ltd

1900 www.mobilityltd.bm

BHUTAN

BTNBM B-MOBILE

900 www.telecom.net.bt

BOLIVIA

BOLME Entel S.A.

1900 www.entel.bo

BOLNT Nuevatel PCS De Bolivia SA

1900 www.nuevatel.com

BOLTE Telefonica Celular De Bolivia S.A

850 www.telecel.com.bo

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

BIHER HT MObile Communications Ltd Mostar

900 www.eronet.ba

BIHMS RS Telecommunications JSC Banja Luka

900 www.mobis-telekomsrpske.com

BIHPT BH Telecom, Joint Stock Company, Sarajevo

900 www.bhtelecom.ba

BOTSWANA

BWAGA Mascom Wireless (Pty) Limited

900 www.mascom.bw

BWAVC Orange (Botswana) Pty Limited

900 www.orange.co.bw

BRAZIL

BRAAC Amazonia Celular S/A

900/1800 www.amazoniacelular.com.br

BRABT Brasil Telecom Celular S.A

1800 www.brasiltelecom.com.br

BRAC3/C4/CT CTBC CELULAR (BRAC3)

900/1800/1900 www.ctbctelecom.com.br

BRACL Americel S.A.

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRACL ATL - Algar Telecom Leste S.A.

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRACL BCP SA

1800 www.claro.com.br

2 2 2 2 2 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

BRACL BSE SA

1800

BRACL Stemar Telecommunicacoes Ltda

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRACL Telet S.A.

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRACL Tess S.A.

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRACS/SP/RN TIM CELULAR SA

1800 www.tim.com.br

BRAGS/GM Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

BRANC Nextel Brazil

900 www.nextel.com.br

BRASC Sercomtel Celular S/A

900/1800 www.sercomtelcelular.com.br

BRACL Albra Telecommunicacoes Ltda

1800 www.claro.com.br

BRATC Telemig Celular S/A

900/1800 www.telemigcelular.com.br

BRATM TNL PCS S.A.

1800 www.oi.com.br

Global telecom SA

850 www.vivo.com.br

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

VGBCC Caribbean Cellular Telephone

900/1900 www.cctwireless.com

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

BRNBR B-Mobile Communication Sdn Bhd

3G www.bmobile.com.bn

BRNDN/DS DataStream Technology

900 www.dst-group.com

BULGARIA

BGR01 Mobiltel EAD

900/1800/3G www.mobiltel.bg

BGRCM Cosmo Bulgaria Mobile EAD (Globul)

900/1800 www.globul.bg

BGRVA BTC Mobile EOOD

900/1800 www.vivatel.bg

BURKINA FASO

BFA03 Telmob (ISRCL MVNO solution)

1800 www.telmob.net

BFACT Celtel Burkina Faso S.A.

900 www.bf.celtel.com

BFAON Onatel

900 www.telmob.bf

BFATL Telecel Faso SA

900 www.telecelfaso.bf

BURUNDI

BDITL Telecel-Burundi Company

900

Africell PLC Company

900 www.4thpass.com

Econet Wireless Burundi PLC

900 www.econet.bi

900 ONATEL

CAMBODIA, KINGDOM OF

KHMGM CamGSM

900 www.mobitel.com.kh

2 2 4 2 2 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

KHMKH/SH?? Cambodia Shinawatra Company Ltd.

1800 www.camshin.com

KHMSM Cambodia Samart Communication Co Ltd

900 www.hellogsm.com.kh

Cambodia Advance Communications Co. Ltd

1800/3G www.cadcomms.com

CAMEROON

CMR01/MT MTN Cameroon Ltd.

900 www.mtncameroon.net

CMR02 Orange Cameroun S.A.

900 www.orange.cm

CANADA

CANGM Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

CANMC Microcell Telecommunications Inc (Fido)

1900 www.fido.ca

CANRW Rogers Wireless Inc

850/1900 www.rogers.com

ICE Wireless Inc

1900 www.icewireless.ca

CAPE VERDE

CPVCV Cabo Verde Telecom

900

CPVTM T+ TELECOMUNICAÇÕES S.A.

900/1800 www.tmais.cv

CAYMAN ISLANDS

CYMCW Cable & Wireless (Cayman Islands) Limited

850/1900 www.cw.ky

Digicel Cayman Ltd.

900/1800 www.digicelcayman.com

850/1900 Wireless Ventures (Cayman Islands) Ltd

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CAF02 TELECEL CENTRAFRIQUE

900 www.comarch.com

900 Centrafrique Telecom Plus

CHAD

TCDCT CelTel Tchad SA

900 www.cd.celtel.com

TCDML MILLICOM TCHAD

900

CHILE

CHLGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

CHLMV ENTEL TELEFONIA MOVIL

1900 www.entelpcs.cl

CHLPC ENTEL PCS

1900 www.entelpcs.cl

CHLSM CLARO CHILE SA

1900 www.smartcom.cl

CHLTM Telefonica Movil de Chile

900/1900 www.movistar.cl

CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF

CHNCT/CM China Mobile

900 www.chinamobile.com

CHNCU China Unicom

900 www.chinaunicom.com

CHNGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

2 2 6 2 2 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

COLOMBIA

COLCM Comunicacion Celular SA Comcel SA

850/1900 www.comcel.com

COLCO Colombia Movil SA

1900 www.tigo.com.co

COLGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

COLTM Telefonica Moviles Colombia S.A.

850/1900 www.movistar.com.co

COMORES

COMHR Societe Nationale des Telecommunications

900 www.comorestelecom.km

CONGO

COGCT CelTel Congo SA

900 www.cg.celtel.com

COGLB MTN CONGO

900

CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE

CODCC Congo Chine Telecom

900/1800 www.cct.cd

CODCT Celtel Congo

900/1800 www.cd.celtel.com

CODSA OASIS SPRL C

1800

CODVC Vodacom Congo (RDC) sprl

900/1800 www.vodacom.cd

900/1800 Supercell Sprl

COOK ISLANDS

COKTC Telecom Cook Islands

900 www.telecom.co.ck

COSTA RICA

CRICR/CE I.C.E. (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad)

1800/3G www.grupoice.com

COTE D’IVOIRE

CIV02 Atlantique Cellulaire

900/1800 www.moov.com

CIV03 Orange CI

900 www.orange.ci

CIVIC Cora De Comstar

900

CIVTL MTN COTE D’IVOIRE S.A

900 www.mtn.ci

Comium Ivory Coast Inc

900/1800 www.comium.com

CROATIA

HRVCN T-Mobile Croatia, LLC

900/3G www.t-mobile.hr

HRVT2 Tele2 d.o.o za telekomunikacijske uluge

1800 www.tele2.com.hr

HRVVI VIPnet d.o.o.

900/3G www.vipnet.hr

CUBA

CUB01/02 Empresa de Telecommunicaciones de Cuba, SA

900 www.etecsa.cu

CYPRUS

CYPCT Cyprus Telecommunications Auth

900/1800 www.cytamobile-vodafone.com

CYPSC Areeba LTD

900/1800/3G www.areeba.com.cy

2 2 8 2 2 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

CZECH REPUBLIC

CZECM Vodafone Czech Republic a.s.

900/1800 www.vodafone.cz

CZEET Telefonica O2 Czech Republic a.s.

900/1800/3G www.eurotel.cz

CZERM T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s.

900/1800 www.t-mobile.cz

DENMARK

DNKDM Sonofon

900/1800 www.sonofon.dk

DNKHU Hi3G Denmark ApS

3G www.3.dk

DNKIA/MX TeliaSonera Mobile Networks AB Denmark

900/1800/3G www.telia.dk

DNKTD TDC Mobil A/S

900/1800/3G www.tdcmobil.dk

DJIBOUTI, REPUBLIC OF

DJIDJ Djibouti Telecom SA

900 www.adjib.dj

DOMINICA (COMMONWEALTH OF)

DMACW/GS Cable & Wireless Dominica Ltd.

850 www.cwdom.dm

900/1900 Wireless Ventures (Dominica) Ltd.

DOMINICAN REPULIC

DOM01 Orange Dominicana S.A.

1800/1900 www.orange.com.do

ECUADOR

ECUOT OTECEL S.A.

850 www.movistar.com.ec

ECUPG Conecel S.A.

850 (Consorcio Ecuatoriano de Telecomunicaciones S.A.)

EGYPT

EGYAR ECMS-MobiNil

900 www.mobinil.com

EGYMS/VF Vodafone Egypt Telecom. S.A.E.

900 www.vodafone.com.eg

EL SALVADOR

SLVDC DIGICEL, S.A. de C.V.

900 www.digicel.com.sv

SLVTM Telemovil EL Salvador S.A

850 www.telemovil.com

SLVTP CTE Telecom Personal SA de CV

1900 www.personal.com.sv

SLVTS Telefonica Moviles El Salvador, S.A de c.v

850 www.telefonica.com.sv

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

GNQ01 GESETA

900

ERITREA

ERIER Eritrea Telecommunications Services Corporation

900 (Eritel)

ESTONIA

ESTEM AS EMT

900/1800/3G www.emt.ee

ESTRB Tele2 Eesti As

900/1800 www.tele2.ee

ESTRE Elisa Mobiilsideteenused AS

900/1800/3G www.elisa.ee

2 3 0 2 3 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

ETHIOPIA

ETH01 Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation

900 www.ethionet.et

FALKLAND ISLANDS (ISLAS MALVINAS)

FLKCW Cable and Wireless Plc

900 www.cwfi.co.fk/www.touch.co.fk

FAROE ISLANDS

FROFT Faroese Telecom

900 www.tele.fo

FROKA Kall P/F

900 www.kall.fo

FIJI

FJIVF Vodafone Fiji Ltd

900 www.vodafone.com.fj

FINLAND

FIN2G/TA Finnet Networks Ltd

900/1800/3G www.dnafinland.fi

FINAM Alands Mobiltelefon Ab

900 www.gsm.aland.fi

FINES/RL Elisa Corporation

900/1800/3G www.elisa.com/english

FINGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

FINTF/V1 Sonera Mobile Networks Limited

900/1800/3G www.sonera.com

FRANCE

FRAF1 Orange France

900/1800/3G www.orange.fr

FRAF2 SFR

900/3G www.sfr.fr

FRAF3 Bouygues Telecom

900/1800 www.bouyguestelecom.fr

FRAGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

FRENCH POLYNESIA

FRATK Tikiphone S.A.

900 www.vini.pf

FRENCH WEST INDIES

FRAF4 DIGICEL Antilles Française Guyane

900/1800 www.digicel.fr

GUF01 Outremer Telecom

900/1800 www.outremer-telecom.fr

GLPDT Dauphin Telecom (AMIGO GSM)

900/1800 www.dauphintelecom.fr

GLP01 Orange Caraibe

900 www.orangecaraibe.com

Oceanic Digital FWI S.A.S (Cingular Wireless)

1800 www.cingular.com

Saint Martin et Saint Barthelemy Tel Cell SARL

900/1800 www.smsbtc.com

GABON

GAB01/TL Libertis S.A.

900

GABCT Celtel Gabon SA

900 www.ga.celtel.com

2 3 2 2 3 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

GAMBIA

GMB01 Gambia Telecommunications Cellular Company Ltd

(Gamcell)

900 www.gamtel.gm

GMBAC Africell (Gambia) Ltd

900 www.africell.gm

GMBCM Comium Gambia Ltd

900/1800 www.comium.com

GEORGIA

GEOGC Geocell Ltd

900/1800 www.geocell.com.ge

GEOMA Magti GSM

900/1800 www.magtigsm.com

GEOMT Mobitel LLC

1800

GERMANY

DEU13 Mobilcom Multimedia GmbH

n/a www.mobilcom.de

DEUD1 T-Mobile Deutschland GmbH

900/1800/3G www.t-mobile.de

DEUD2/VF Vodafone D2 GmbH

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.de

DEUE1/V1 E-Plus Mobilfunk

1800/3G www.eplus.de

DEUE2/O2 O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG

1800/3G www.o2.com/de

GHANA

GHAGT Ghana Telecommunications Company Ltd

900 www.onetouch.com.gh

GHAMT Millicom Ghana Limited

900 www.tigo.com.gh

GHASC Scancom Ltd

900 www.areeba.com.gh

GIBRALTAR

GIBGT Gibraltar Telecommunications Int. Ltd.

900 www.gibtele.com

GREECE

GRCCO COSMOTE - Mobile Telecommunications S.A.

900/1800/3G www.cosmote.gr

GRCPF Vodafone-Panafon

900/3G www.vodafone.gr

GRCQT Q Telecommunications S.A

1800 www.myQ.gr

GRCSH TIM HELLAS Telecommunications S.A.

900/3G www.tim.gr

GREENLAND

GRLTG Tele Greenland A/S

900 www.tele.gl

GRENADA

GRDCW Cable & Wireless Grenada Ltd.

850 www.candw.gd

Digicel Grenada Ltd.

900/1900 www.digicelgrenada.com

900/1900 Grenada Wireless Holdings Ltd

GUADELOUPE

GLPDT Dauphin Telecom

900/1800 www.dauphintelecom.fr

2 3 4 2 3 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

GUAM

GUMCP Choice Phone LLC

900/1800

GUMGW Pulse Mobile LLC

850/1900 www.gta.net

GUMHT GUAM WIRELESS TELEPHONE COMPANY, L.L.C.

1900 www.hafatel.com

GUMIW IT&E Overseas, Inc

1900 www.ite.net

GUMWR Wave Runner LLC (Guam)

1900

GUATEMALA

GTMCM COMCEL-Communicaciones Celulares Sociedad Anonim

850 www.comcel.com.gt

GTMSC SERCOM S.A. (Guatemala)

900/1900 www.claro.com.gt

GTMTG Telefonica Moviles Guatamala, SA

1900 www.telefonica.com.gt

GUERNSEY

GBRGT Cable & Wireless Guernsey Ltd.

900 www.cwguernsey.com

GBRWT Wave Telecom

1800, 3G www.wavetelecom.com

GUINEA

GIN02 Sotelgui sa

900 www.sotelgui.net

900 INTERCEL Guinée

900 Spacetel Guinee

Areeba Guinea

900/1800 www.areeba.com.gn

GUINEA-BISSAU

GNBGS Guinetel

900 www.gtelecom.gw

GNBSB Spacetel Guinee-Bissau SA

900

GUYANA

GUYCS U-Mobile (Cellular) Inc.

900 www.umobileguyana.com

GUYGT Guyana Telephone & Telegraph Co.

900 www.gtt.co.gy

HAITI

HTICL Communication Cellulaire d’Haiti SA

850 www.comcelhaiti.com

HONDURAS

HND02 Telefonica Celular S.A (CELTEL)

850 https://online.celtel.net/isis

HNDHM Empresa Hondurena de Telecomunicaciones HONDUTE

1900 www.hondutel.hn

HNDME Servicios de Comunicaciones de Honduras S.A. de C.V.

1900 www.claro.com.hn

HONG KONG

HKGH3, HT Hutchison Telecom (HK) Ltd

900/1800/3G www.three.com.hk/www.htil.com.hk

HKGM3/MC SUNDAY Communications Ltd

1800/3G www.sunday.com

HKGNW New World PCS

1800 www.nwmobility.com

HKGPP China Mobile Peoples Telephone Co Ltd

1800 www.peoples.com.hk

2 3 6 2 3 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

HKGSM SmarTone Mobile Communications Limited

900/1800/3G www.smartone-vodafone.com

HKGTC Hong Kong CSL Limited

900/1800/3G www.hkcsl.com

HUNGARY

H0NVR V.R.A.M. R.t. PREPAID (Vodafone Hungary Ltd)

900/1800 www.vodafone.hu

HUNH1 Pannon GSM Telecommunications

900/1800/3G www.pannongsm.hu

HUNH2 T-Mobile Hungary Telecommunications Co. Ltd

900/1800/3G www.t-mobile.hu.

HUNVR Vodafone Hungary Ltd

900/1800 www.vodafone.hu

ICELAND

ISL03/TL Og fjarskipti hf (Vodafone)

900/1800 www.vodafone.is

ISLOC/PS Siminn hf

900/1800 www.siminn.is

ISLVW/SY/MT/MS IMC Island ehf

1800

INDIA

AILIN Shyam ACeS (India) Private Limited

GSM Satellite www.acesinternational.com

IND01 Dishnet Wireless Limited (Jammu & Kashmir)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND02 Dishnet Wireless Limited (Himachal Pradesh)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND03 Dishnet Wireless Limited (West Bengal)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND04 Dishnet Wireless Limited (Bihar)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND05 Dishnet Wireless Limited (Orissa)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND06 Dishnet Wireless Limited (Assam)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND07 IDEA Cellular Limited (IDEA Cellular Limited

– Andhra Pra

900 www.ideacellular.com

IND08 Dishnet Wireless Limited (North East)

900/1800 www.dishnetwireless.com

IND10 Bharti Airtel Limited - Uttar Pradesh

1800 www.airtel.in

IND11 Bharti Airtel Limited - Orissa

900 www.airtel.in

IND12 Bharti Airtel Limited - Bihar

900 www.airtel.in

IND13 Bharti Airtel Limited - Jammu & Kashmir

900 www.airtel.in

IND14 Bharti Airtel Limited - West Bengal

900 www.airtel.in

IND15 Bharti Televentures Ltd. – Assam

900

IND16 Bharti Hexacom Ltd - North East

900

INDA1 Bharti Airtel Limited - Mumbai

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA2 Bharti Airtel Limited - Maharashtra

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA3 Bharti Airtel Limited - Gujrath

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA4 Bharti Airtel Limited - Tamilnadu

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA5 Bharti Airtel Limited - Haryana

1800 www.airtel.in

2 3 8 2 3 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

INDA6 Bharti Airtel Limited - Uttar Pradesh (West)

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA7 Bharti Airtel Limited - Kerala

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA8 Bharti Airtel Limited - Madhya Pradesh

1800 www.airtel.in

INDA9 Bharti Airtel Ltd. - Punjab

900 www.airtel.in

INDAC Aircel Limited (AIRCEL - Tamilnadu Circle)

900 www.aircel.com

INDAN BSNL Andaman & Nicobar

900 www.andaman-nicobar.bsnl.co.in

INDAP BSNL - Andhra Pradesh

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDAS BSNL - ASSAM

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDAT Bharti Airtel Limited - City of Delhi

900 www.airtel.in

INDB1 BPL Mobile Communications Ltd

900 www.bplmobile.com

INDB2 Hutchison Essar South Limited – Chennai

1800 www.hutch.in

INDB3 Hutchison Essar South Limited – Andhra Pradesh

1800 www.hutch.in

INDB4 Hutchison Essar South Limited - Karnataka

1800 www.hutch.in

INDBH BSNL – Bihar

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDBI IDEA Cellular Ltd. - Gujarat

900 www.ideacellular.com

INDBK Hutchison Essar Cellular Limited

900 www.hutch.in

INDBL Bharti Airtel Limited – Himachal Pradesh Circle

900 www.airtel.com

INDBM Hutchison Essar Cellular Limited

900 www.hutch.in

INDBO IDEA Cellular Ltd. - Maharashtra

900 www.ideacellular.com

INDBS Hutchison Essar South Limited

900 www.hutch.in

INDBT Hutchison Essar Cellular Limited

900 www.hutch.in

INDCA BSNL – Kolkata

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDCC Hutchison Telecom East Limited

(Hutch-Kolkata - City of Calcutta)

900 www.hutch.co.in

INDCH BSNL – Chennai

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDDL MTNL Delhi

900 www.hutch.co.in

INDE1 Hutchison Essar Mobile Services Limited

900/1800 www.hutch.in

INDE2 Aircell Digilink – Haryana

900

INDE3 Aircell Digilink – Rajasthan

900

INDE4 Aircell Digilink – U.P. East

900

INDE5 Hutchison Essar South Limited - Punjab

1800 www.hutch.in

INDE6 Hutchison Essar South Limited (Hutch- UP West)

900 www.hutch.in

INDE7 Hutchison Essar South Limited – West Bengal

900 www.hutch.in

INDEH Idea Mobile Communications – Haryana

900 www.ideacellular.com

2 4 0 2 4 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

INDEK Idea Mobile Communications – Kerala

900 www.ideacellular.com

INDEU Idea Mobile Communications – U.P.West

900 www.ideacellular.com

INDF1 Fascel Limited

900 www.hutch.in

INDGJ BSNL – Gujarat

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDH1 Bharti Hexacom Ltd. – Rajasthan

900

INDHA Hutchison Essar Limited – Bombay

900/1800 www.hutch.in

INDHC Hutchison Essar Limited – Bombay

900/1800 www.hutch.in

INDHK Hutchison Essar Limited – Bombay

900/1800 www.hutch.in

INDHM Hutchison Essar Limited – Bombay

900/1800 www.hutch.in

INDHP BSNL – Himachal Pradesh

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDHR BSNL – Haryana

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDID IDEA Cellular Limited (IDEA CELLULAR LIMITED – Delhi

1800 www.ideacellular.com

INDIH Escorts Telecommunications Limited

– Himachal Pradesh

1800 www.ideacellular.com

INDIR Escorts Telecommunications Limited – Rajasthan

1800 www.ideacellular.com

INDIU Escorts Telecommunications Limited

– Uttar Pradesh (East)

1800 www.ideacellular.com

INDJB Bharti Airtel Limited – Karnataka

900 www.airtel.com

INDJH Bharti Airtel Limited – Andhra Pradesh

900 www.airtel.com

INDJK BSNL – Jammu & Kashmir

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDKE Koshika U.P.(East)

900

INDKO Koshika Orissa

900

INDKR BSNL – Kerala

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDKT BSNL – Karnataka

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDKW Koshika U.P.(West)

900

INDMB MTNL Mumbai

900 http://mumbai.mtnl.net.in

INDMD BSNL Chennai (old)

900 http://chennai.bsnl.co.in

INDMH BSNL – Maharashtra

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDMP IDEA Cellular Limited - Madhya Pradesh

900 www.ideacellular.com

INDMT Bharti Airtel Limited – Kolkata

900 www.airtel.com

INDMY BSNL – Madhya Pradesh

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDNE BSNL – North East

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDOR BSNL – Orissa

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDPB BSNL – Punjab

900 www.bsnl.co.in

2 4 2 2 4 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

INDRA Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – Assam

900

INDRB Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – Bihar

900

INDRC Aircel Cellular Ltd. (Aircel Cellular Ltd. – City of Madras)

900 www.aircel.com

INDRH Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – Himachal Pradesh

900

INDRJ BSNL – Rajasthan

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDRM Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – Madhya Pradesh

900

INDRN Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – North East

900

INDRO Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – Orissa

900

INDRW Reliance Telecom Private Ltd. – West Bangal

900

INDSC Bharti Airtel Limited – Chennai

900 www.airtel.com

INDSK Spice Communications Limited – Karnataka

900 www.spiceindia.com

INDSP Spice Communications Limited – Punjab

900 www.spiceindia.com

INDTN BSNL – Tamil Nadu

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDUE BSNL – Uttar Pradesh (East)

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDUW BSNL – Uttar Pradesh (West)

900 www.bsnl.co.in

INDWB BSNL – West Bengal

900 www.bsnl.co.in

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (CellOne A&N)

900 www.bsnl.co.in

Bharti Airtel Limited (AirTel – Chennai, India)

900 www.airtel.com

INDONESIA

AILID ACeS International Limited (AIL)

GSM Satellite www.acesinternational.com

IDN89 Hutchison CP Telecommunications

1800/3G

IDNEX Excelcom

900/1800 www.xl.co.id

IDNIM/SL PT Indonesian Satellite Corporation Tbk (INDOSAT)

900/1800 www.indosat.com

IDNLT PT Natrindo Telepon Seluler

1800 www.lippotel.com

IDNTS PT Telekomunikasi Selular

900/1800 www.telkomsel.com

IRAN

IRN11 Mobile Company of Iran (MCI)

900/1800 www.irantelecom.ir

IRNMI Irancell Telecommunications Services Company

900/1800 http://irancell.ir

IRNIM Mobile Telecommunications Company of Esfahan

900 www.mtce.ir

IRNKI KFZO

900 www.tkckish.com

IRNRI Rafsanjan Industrial Complex (Coop)

900 www.rafsanjan-ic.com

IRAQ

IRQAC Asia Cell Telecommunications Company Ltd

900 www.asiacell.com

IRQAT Atheer Telecom Iraq

900 www.atheertele.com

2 4 4 2 4 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

IRQKK Korek Telecom Ltd.

900 www.korektel.com

IRQOR Orascom Telecom Iraq Corporation

900 www.orascomtelecom.com

IRQST SanaTel

900 www.sanatele.com

IRELAND

IRLDF O2 Communications (Ireland) Ltd.

900/1800/3G www.o2.ie

IRLEC Vodafone Ireland Ltd.

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.ie

IRLH3 Hutchison 3G Ireland limited Ltd

3G www.three.co.uk

IRLME Meteor Mobile Telecommunications Limited

900/1800 www.meteor.ie

ISLE OF MAN

GBRMT Manx Telecom

900/3G www.manx-telecom.com

ISRAEL

ISR01 Partner Communications Company Ltd

900/1800/3G www.orange.co.il

ISRCL/

CH/03/I1/I2 Cellcom Israel Ltd.

1800/3G www.cellcom.co.il

ISRPL Pelephone Communications Ltd

n/a www.pelephone.co.il

ITALY

ITAH3 H3G

3G www.h3g.it

ITAGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

ITAGT/SI Telecom Italia SpA

3G/900/1800 www.tim.it

ITAOM/VF Vodafone Omnitel N.V.

900/1800/3G www.omnitel.it

ITAWI/BL Wind Telecomunicazioni SpA

3G/900/1800 www.wind.it

JAMAICA

JAMCW Cable and Wireless Jamaica Limited

1900 www.cwjamaica.com

JAMDC Mossel Limited T/A Digicel

900/1800/1900 www.digiceljamaica.com

JAPAN

JPNDM/DO NTT DoCoMo, Inc

3G www.nttdocomo.com

JPNJP SoftBank Mobile

3G mb.softbank.jp/mb/en/

JERSEY

JBRAJ JERSEY AIRTEL LIMITED

900/1800/3G www.bharti.com

GBRGT Cable & Wireless Jersey Limited

900/1800/3G www.cw.com/jersey/

GBRJT/MS Jersey Telecom

900/1800 www.jerseytelecom.com

2 4 6 2 4 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

JORDAN

JORFL Jordan Mobile Telephone Services (JMTS)

900 www.fastlink.jo

JORMC Petra Jordanian Mobile Telecommunications

Company(MobileCom)

900 www.mobilecom.jo

JORUM Umniah Mobile Company

1800 www.umniah.com

JORXT Xpress Telecommunications

900 www.xpress.jo

KAZAKHSTAN

KAZ77 Mobile Telecom Service LLP

900

KAZKT Kar-Tel Ltd

900 www.k-mobile.kz

KAZKZ GSM Kazakhstan Ltd

900 www.kcell.kz

KENYA

KENKC Celtel Kenya Limited

900 www.ke.celtel.com

KENSA Safaricom Limited

900/1800 www.safaricom.co.ke

KIRIBATI

KIRKI Telecom Services Kiribati Limited (TSKL)

900 www.tskl.net.ki

KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF

PRKSN Korea Posts and Telecommunications Corporation

(KPTC)

PEO 900

KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

KORGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

KORKF/KT KT Freetel Co., Ltd

3G www.ktf.com

KORSK SK Telecom

3G www.sktelecom.com

KUWAIT

KWTMT Mobile Telecommunications Co.

900/1800 www.mtc-vodafone.com

KWTNM National Mobile Telecommunications Co.

900/1800 www.wataniya.com

KYRGYZSTAN

KGZ01 Sky Mobile LCC

900 www.bitel.kg/

KGZMC BiMoCom Ltd

900/1800 www.megacom.kg

LAOS

LAOAS/LA Lao Asia Telecommunication State Enterprise (LAT)

900/1800 www.laotel.com/

LAOET/EM Enterprise of Telecommunications Lao (ETL)

900 www.etllao.com

LAOTC Lao Telecommunications

900 www.laotel.com/

LAOTL Millicom Lao Co Ltd

900/1800 tangolao.com/tango

LATVIA

LVABC TELE2

900/1800/3G www.tele2.lv

LVABT SIA Bite Latvija

900/1800/3G www.bite.lv

2 4 8 2 4 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

LVALM Latvian Mobile Telephone Co

900/1800/3G www.lmt.lv

LEBANON

LBNFL MIC 1

900 www.alfa.com.lb

LBNLC/MT MIC 2

900 www.mtctouch.com.lb

LESOTHO

LSOET Econet Ezi Cel Lesotho (Pty)

900

LSOVL Vodacom Lesotho (Pty) Ltd

900 www.vodacom.co.ls

LIBERIA

LBRAW Atlantic Wireless (Liberia) Inc.

900 www.libercell.info

LBR07 Celcom Telecommunications, Inc

1800 www.cellcomgsm.com

LBRCM Comium Services BVI (Liberia)

900 www.comium.com

LBRI1 Cellcom Liberia (LBRI1 MVNO solution)

1800

LBRLC Lonestar Communications Corporation

900 www.lonestarcell.com

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA

LBY01 AL MADAR Telecomm Company

900 www.almadar.ly

LBYLM Libyana Mobile Phone

900 www.libyana.ly

LIECHTENSTEIN

LIEMK Mobilkom (Liechtenstein) AG

1800 www.mobilkom.li

LIETG Tele 2 Aktiengesellschaft

900 www.tele2.li

LIEVE Orange (Liechtenstein) AG

1800/3G www.orange.li

Swisscom Mobile Ltd (Liechtenstein)

900/1800 www.swisscom-mobile.ch

LITHUANIA

LTU03 UAB TELE2

900/1800 www.tele2.lt

LTUMT UAB Bite Lietuva

900/1800/3G www.bite.lt

LTUOM OMNITEL

900 www.omnitel.lt

LUXEMBOURG

LUXPT P & T Luxembourg

900/1800/3G www.ept.lu

LUXTG Tango SA

900/1800/3G www.tango.lu

LUXVM VOXmobile S.A.

3G/1800/900 www.vox.lu

MACAU

MACCT CTM

900/1800 www.ctm.net

MACHT Hutchison Telephone (Macau) Company Ltd

900/1800 www.three.com.mo

MACSM SmarTone Mobile Communications (Macau) Ltd

900/1800 www.smartone.com.mo

2 5 0 2 5 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF

MKDCC COSMOFON AD Skopje

900 www.cosmofon.com.mk

MKDMM T-Mobile Macedonia

900 www.t-mobile.com.mk

MADAGASCAR

MDGAN Orange Madagascar S.A.

900 www.orange.mg

MDGCO Celtel Madagascar

900 www.madacom.com

MDGTM Telma Mobile SA

900 www.telma.mg

MALAWI

MWICP Telekom Networks Malawi Ltd

900/1800 www.telekommalawi.com

MWICT CelTel Limited

900 www.mw.celtel.com

MALAYSIA

MYSBC Maxis Communications Berhad

900/1800/3G www.maxis.com.my

MYSCC, MR Celcom (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd

900/1800/3G www.celcom.com.my

MYSMI MiTV Corporation sdn Bhd

3G www.3g.mitv.com.my

MYSMT DiGi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd

1800 www.digi.com.my

MYSSD/MC Maxis Communications Berhad

900/1800/3G www.maxis.com.my

MALDIVES

MDV01 Dhivehi Raajjeyge Gulhun Private Ltd

900 www.dhiraagu.com.mv

MDVWM Wataniya Telecom Maldives

900/3G www.wataniya.com

MALI

MLI01 Malitel SA

900 www.malitel.com.ml

MLI02 Orange Mali SA

900 www.ikatel.net

MALTA

MLTGO Mobisle Communications Limited

1800 www.go.com.mt

MLTMA/TL/SN Vodafone Malta Limited

900 www.vodafone.com.mt

MAURITANIA

MRTMM Mauritel Mobiles

900 www.eljawal.mr

MRTMT Mattel

900 www.mattel.mr

MAURITIUS

MUSCP Cellplus Mobile Communications Ltd.

900 www.cellplus.mu

MUSEM Emtel Ltd

900/3G www.emtel-ltd.com

MEXICO

MEXGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

2 5 2 2 5 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

MEXMS Pegaso Comunicaciones y Sistemas, S.A. De C.V

1900

MEXNC Communications Nextel de Mexico S.A de C.V

900 www.nextel.com.mx

MEXTL Radiomovil Dipsa SA de CV (TELCEL)

1900 www.telcel.com

MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF

FSMFM FSM Telecommunications Corporation

900 www.telecom.fm

MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF

MDAMC Moldcell

900 www.moldcell.md

MDAVX VoXtel S.A.

900 www.voxtel.md

MONACO

MCOM1 Monaco Telecom International

900, 3G www.monaco-telecom-international.mc

MCOM2 Monaco Telecom SAM

900/3G www.ptkonline.com

MONGOLIA

MNGMC MobiCom

900 www.mobicom.mn

MNGMN Unitel LLC

900 www.unitel.mn

MONTSERRAT

MSRCW Cable & Wireless West Indies Ltd (Montserrat)

850

MOROCCO

MARM1 IAM

900 www.mobileiam.ma

MARMT Medi Telecom

900 www.meditel.ma

MOZAMBIQUE

MOZ01 Mocambique Celular S.A.R.L (mCel)

900/1800 www.mCel.co.mz

MOZVC VM, S.A.R.L.

900/1800 www.vm.co.mz

MYANMAR

MMRPT Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications

900 www.mpt.net.mm

NAMIBIA

NAM01 MTC Namibia

900/1800 www.mtc.com.na

NEPAL

NPLM2 Spice Nepal Private Ltd

900/1800 www.spicenepal.com

NPLNM Nepal Doorsanchar Company Ltd

900 www.ntc.net.np

NETHERLANDS

NLDDT Orange Nederland N. V.

1800/3G www.orange.nl

NLDLT Vodafone Libertel N.V.

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.nl

NLDPN T-Mobile Netherlands

1800/3G www.t-mobile.nl

2 5 4 2 5 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

NLDPT KPN Mobile The Netherlands BV

900/1800/3G www.kpn.com

NLDTM TELFORT B.V.

1800 www.telfort.nl

XNLSC Scarlet Telecom

1800 www.scarlet.be

XNLUP UPC mobile Freedom

1800 www.upc.nl

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES

ANTCT Curacao Telecom N.V.

900/1800 www.digicelcuracao.com

ANTTC Telcell N.V.

900 www.telcellsxm.com

ANTUT Setel NV

900 www.uts.an

1900 Communications Systems Curacao N.V.

ANTEC/NB East Caribbean Cellular

900/1800 www.eastcaribbeancellular.com

NEW CALEDONIA

NCLPT OPT New Caledonia

900 www.opt.nc

NEW ZEALAND

NZLBS Vodafone Mobile NZ Limited

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.co.nz

NICARAGUA

NICEN/SC Empresa Nicaraguense de Telecomunicaciones S.A.

- EN

1900 www.enitel.com.ni

NICGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

NICMS Telefonia Celular de Nicaragua S.A.

850 www.movistar.com.ni

NIGER

NERCT Celtel Niger

900 www.ne.celtel.com

NERTL Telecel Niger SA

900

NERSC Sahel-Com

900 www.intnet.ne

NIGERIA

NGA40 Nigerian Mobile Telecommunications Limited (M-TEL)

900/1800 www.mtelnigeria.com

NGAET Vee Networks Limited (Vmobile Nigeria)

900/1800 www.ng.celtel.com

NGAGM Globacom Ltd.

900/1800 www.gloworld.com

NGAMN MTN Nigeria Communications Limited

900/1800 www.mtnonline.com

NGAVM Celtel Nigeria Ltd

900/1800 www.ng.celtel.com

NORFOLK ISLANDS

Norfolk Telecom

900 www.ni.net.nf

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLAND

MNPWR Wave Runner LLC Mariana Islands

1900

NORWAY

NORAM Telenor Mobile Aviation AS (AeroMobile)

1800 www.aeromobile.net

2 5 6 2 5 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

NORMC Maritime Communications Partner AS

1800 www.mcpinc.biz

NORNC NETCOM AS

900/1800/3G www.netcom.no

NORT3 Teletopia Mobile Communications AS

1800 www.teletopia.no

NORTM Telenor Mobil

900/1800/3G www.telenormobil.no

Automobil Invest AS

900 www.networknorway.no

OMAN, SULTANATE OF

OMNGT Oman Telecommunications Company

900 www.omanmobile.om

OMNNT Omani Qatari Telecommunications Company SAOC

900/3G www.nawras.com.om

PAKISTAN

PAKMK Mobilink-PMCL

900 www.mobilinkgsm.com

PAKPL Paktel Limited

900 www.paktel.com

PAKTP Telenor Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd.

900/1800 www.telenor.com/pakistan

PAKUF Pakistan Telecommunciation Mobile Ltd

900 www.ufone.com

PAKWA Warid Telecom (PVT) Ltd

900/1800 www.waridtel.com

PALAU, REPUBLIC OF

PLWPM Palau Mobile Corporation

900/1800 www.palaumobile.com

Palau National Communications Corp (PNCC)

900 www.palaunet.com

PALESTINIAN TERRITORY

PSEJE Palestine Telecomm Co Ltd

900 www.jawwal.ps

PANAMA, REPUBLIC OF

PANCW Cable & Wireless Panama

850 www.cwpanama.com

PANMS TELEFONICA MOVILES PANAMA, S.A.

850 www.movistar.com.pa

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

PNGPM Pacific Mobile Communications Co. Ltd (Bee Mobile)

900 www.tiare.net.pg

PARAGUAY

PRYGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

PRYHT AMX Paraguay Sociedad Anonima

1900 www.porthable.com.py

PRYNP Nucleo S.A

850/1900 www.personal.com.py

PRYTC Telefonica Celular Del Paraguay S.A. (Telecel S.A.)

850 www.telecel.com.py

PRYVX Hola Paraguay S.A.

1900 www.vox.com.py

PERU

PERMO Telefonica Moviles S.A.

850 www.movistar.com.pe

PERNC Nextel Del Peru S.A.

900 www.nextel.com.pe/

PERTM America Movil Peru S.A.C

1900 www.claro.com.pe

2 5 8 2 5 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

PHILIPPINES

AILPI ACeS Philippines Cellular Corp

GSM Satellite www.acesinternational.com

PHLDG Digital Telecommunications Phils, Inc

1800 www.digitelone.com/company/index.html

PHLGT Globe Telecom

900/1800/3G www.globe.com.ph

PHLIC Innove Communications, Inc.

900 www.innove.com.ph

PHLNC Nextel Communications Ph. Inc.

900 www.imx.ph

PHLSR Smart Communications Inc

900/1800/ 3G www.smart.com.ph

Connectivity Unlimited Resource Enterprise Inc

3G www.cure.com.ph

POLAND

POL02 Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa

900/1800/3G www.era.pl

POL03/04 PTK Centertel

900/1800/3G www.orange.pl

POLKM Polkomtel S.A.

900/1800/3G www.plusgsm.pl

POLP4 P4 Sp. z o.o

3G www.project4.pl

PORTUGAL

PRT05 ONI WAY Infocomunicacoes SA

3G www.oniway.pt

PRTOP Optimus Telecomunicacoes S.A.

900/1800/3G www.optimus.pt

PRTTL/WL Vodafone Portugal

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.pt

PRTTM TMN

900/1800/3G www.tmn.pt

QATAR

QATGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

QATQT Q-Tel

900/1800 www.qtel.com.qa

REUNION (LA)

FRARE Societe Reunionnaise de Radiotelephone

900 www.srr.fr

REU02 Orange Reunion

900/1800 www.orange.re

ROMANIA

ROMCS Cosmote Romanian Mobile

900/1800 www.cosmote.ro

ROMMF Vodafone Romania S.A.

900/3G www.vodafone.ro

ROMMR Orange Romania S.A.

900/1800 www.orange.ro

RUSSIA

RUS01 Mobile TeleSystems (MTS)

900/1800 www.mts.ru

RUS03 Nizhegorodskaya Cellular Communications

900 www.ncc.nnov.ru

RUS04 SIBCHALLENGE LTD

(Krasnoyarsk & Taimyr Territory))

900/1800 www.krasgsm.ru

RUS07/15 ZAO SMARTS

900/1800 www.samara-gsm.ru

RUS14 Teleset Ltd

1800 www.teleset.ru/

RUS16 New Telephone Company

900/1800 www.vntc.ru

2 6 0 2 6 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

RUS17 JSC Uralsvyazinform

900/1800 www.usi.ru

RUS28 VimpelCom

900 www.vimpelcom.com

RUS92 Primtelefon

900/1800 www.primtel.ru

RUSBD OJSC VimpelCom

900/1800 www.beeline.ru

RUSCH Chelyabinsk Cellular Communications LLC

(Tele2-Chelyabinsk)

1800 www.tele2.com

RUSDT DonTeleCom (DTC)

900 www.rnd.mts.ru

RUSEC LLC Ekaterinburg-2000

1800 www.ycc.ru

RUSGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

RUSIZ Cellular Communications of Udmurtia

1800 www.bee-portal.ru

RUSKH Baykalwestcom

900 www.bwc.ru

RUSKM Close Corporation Kemerovo Mobile Communication

1800 www.kmc.ru

RUSKU Kuban- GSM Closed JSC (Kuban-GSM)

900/1800 www.kuban.mts.ru

RUSM2 ZAO Ural GSM

900/1800 www.megafonural.ru

RUSNO CJSC Novgorod Telecommunications

1800 www.indigo.nov.ru

RUSNW MegaFon, Open Joint Stock Company

900/1800 www.nwgsm.com

RUSOR JSC - Orensot

900

RUSRP CJSC RP Technologies

900 www.bee-portal.ru

RUSS2 Siberian Cellular Communications (TELE2-OMSK)

1800

RUSSC Yeniseytelecom

900/1800 www.etk.ru

RUSSH/12 JSC Sakhalin Telecom Mobile (Sakhalin GSM)

1800 www.sakhalingsm.ru

RUSSK Severnaya Korona Corporation (TELE2)

1800 www.irkutsk.tele2.ru

RUSSP St. Petersburg Telecom (TELE2)

1800

RUSST OJSC VimpelCom

900/1800 www.vimpelcom.com

RUST2 Rostov Cellular Communications

1800 www.rocc.ru

RUSUL Ulyanovsk-GSM

900/1800 www.ul-gsm.ru

RUSUT JSC Uralsvyazinform

900/1800 www.usi.ru

RUSUT Uraltel

900 www.e-burg.mts.ru

RUSUU OJSC Sibirtelecom

(ULAN-UDE CELLULAR NETWORK - The Buryat Republic)

900 www.uucn.ru

RUSVL AKOS CJSC (AKOS CJSC - Primiorsky Region)

1800

RUSVM Votek Mobile

1800 www.tele2.com

Company of Kuzbass GSM

(JSC CTeK GSM) (KEDR RMS - Kemorovo)900

Central Telecommunication Company

(Tambovskaya Electrosvyaz)

900 www.tmb.ru

2 6 2 2 6 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

Sonic Duo (MegaFon)

900/1800 www.megafonmoscow.ru

Far Eastern Cellular Systems - 900

900 www.khv.mts.ru

900 Gorizont-RT Ltd

900/1800 JSC Mobicom-Center (Mobicom-Center JSC)

Mobicom-Khabarovsk, CJSC

900/1800 www.megafon.ru

Mobicom-Novosibirsk, CJSC

(Mobicom - Novosibirsk - Si

900/1800 www.megafonsib.ru

Mobile Communications Systems

900 www.omsk.mts.ru

Mobile Communication Systems-Povolzhie

900/1800 www.mgsm.ru

900 Sayantelecom LLC

Sibintertelecom

900 www.sibi.chita.ru

TAIF - Telcom

(Tatar-American Investments and Finance)

900 www.santel.ru

900/1800 Zao Mobicom-Kavkaz (Mega Fon)

RWANDA, REPUBLIC OF

RWAMN MTN Rwandacell SARL

900 www.mtnrwandacell.co.rw

SAMOA

WSMGS Samoatel Limited (Samoatel Mobile)

900 www.samoatel.ws

Telecom Samoa Cellular Ltd

900 www.telecomsamoa.ws

SAN MARINO

WSMGS San Marino Telecom Spa

900/1800 www.smt.sm

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

STPST Companhia Santomense de Telecomunicacoes SARL

900 www.cstome.net

SAUDI ARABIA

SAUAJ Saudi Telecom Company (STC)

900 www.stc.com.sa

SAUET Etihad Etisalat Company

900/3G www.mobily.com.sa

SAUGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

SENEGAL

SENAZ Sonatel

900 www.sonatel.sn

SENSG SENTEL GSM S.A.

900 www.sentelnet.com

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

YUGMT TELENOR DOO BEOGRAD

900/1800 www.telenor.co.yu

YUGPM ProMonte GSM

900 www.promonte.com

YUGTM T-Mobile Montenegro LLC

900 www.t-mobile-cg.com

YUGTS Telekom Srbija

900/1800 www.telekom.yu

YUGMT Mobile Telecommunications (MOBTEL)

900/1800 www.mobtel.co.yu

2 6 4 2 6 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

SEYCHELLES

SYCAT Telecom (Seychelles) Ltd

900 www.airtel.sc

SYCCW Cable & Wireless (Seychelles)

900 www.cw.com/seychelles

SYCSC MediaTech International Limited

1800 www.smartcomgsm.com

SIERRA LEONE

SLECM/NC Comium Sierra leone INC

900/1800 www.comium.com

SLECT Celtel (SL) Limited

900 www.sl.celtel.com

SLEMC Millicom SL

900 www.millicomsl.com

Datatel GSM (Datatel Network GSM)

900/1800 www.datatelsl.net

LINTEL (Sierra Leone) Limited (Africell)

900 www.africell.sl

SINGAPORE

SGP3G/M1 MobileOne Ltd

900/1800/3G www.m1.com.sg

SGPML/ST Singapore Telecom Mobile Pte Ltd

900/1800/3G www.singtel.com

SGPSH StarHub Mobile Pte Ltd

1800/3G www.starhub.com

SLOVAKIA

SVK02 Telefónica O2 Slovakia s.r.o.

900/1800 www.sk.o2.com

SVKET T-Mobile Slovensko, a.s.

900/1800/3G www.t-mobile.sk

SVKGT Orange Slovensko a.s.

900/1800/3G www.orange.sk

SLOVENIA

SVNMT Mobitel D.D.

900/1800/3G www.mobitel.si

SVNSM SI.MOBIL d.d.

900/1800 www.simobil.si

SVNVG Western Wireless International d.o.o.

1800 www.vega070.com

Tusmobil d.o.o.

1800 www.Tusmobil.si

SOLOMON ISLANDS

SLBSI Solomon Telekom Co Ltd (BREEZE)

900 www.telekom.com.sb

SOMALIA

SOMHI Hormuud Telecom Somalia Inc

900 www.hortel.net

SOMGT Golis Telecommunications Company Ltd

900

SOMNL Nationlink

900 www.nationlinktelecom.com

SOMTM Telsom Mobile Somalia

900 www.telcom-somalia.com

SOMSF Somafone FZLLC

900/1800 www.somafone.com

Telesom Company (TELSOM)

900 www.telesom.net

SOUTH AFRICA

ZAFCC Cell C (Pty) Ltd

1800/900 www.cellc.net

ZAFGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

2 6 6 2 6 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

ZAFMN MTN – Mobile Telephone Networks (Pty) Ltd.

900/1800/3G www.mtn.co.za

ZAFVC Vodacom Group Pty Ltd.

900/3G www.vodacom.co.za

SPAIN

ESPAT/VV Vodafone Espana S.A.

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.es

ESPOR/RT France Telecom Espana SA

900/1800/3G www.orange.es

ESPT2/TE Telefonica Moviles Espana S.A.

900/1800/3G www.movistar.com

ESPXF Xfera Moviles SA

3G

SRI LANKA

LKA71 Mobitel (Pvt) Limited

1800 www.mobitellanka.com

LKACT Celltel Lanka Limited

900/1800 www.celltel.lk

LKADG Dialog Telekom Ltd

900 www.dialog.lk

LKAHT Hutchison Telecommunications Lanka (Pte) Limited

900

ST KITTS AND NEVIS

KNACW Cable & Wireless St Kitts & Nevis Limited

850/1900 www.cw.com/stkitts_nevis/

900/1800/1900 Wireless Ventures (St Kitts-Nevis) Limited

ST LUCIA

LCACW Cable & Wireless Caribbean Cellular (St Lucia)

Limited

850 www.candw.lc/

Digicel (St Lucia) Limited

900/1800/1900 www.digicelstlucia.com

Wireless Ventures (St. Lucia) Limited

900/1900 (Cingular Wireless)

ST PIERRE ET MIQUELON

SPM01 SPM Telecom (AMERIS)

900 www.spmtelecom.com

SPMPR Prosodie

900 www.prosodie.com

ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

VCTCW Cable & Wireless Caribbean Cellular

(St. Vincent & the Grenadines) Ltdthe G

850 www.candw.vc.com

Digicel (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) Limited

(Digicel (St. Vincent and Grenadines) Limited)

900/1800 www.digicelsvg.com

Wireless Ventures (St. Vincent) Limited

900/1900 (Cingular Wireless)

SUDAN

SDNBT Bashair Telecom Co.Ltd

900/1800/3G www.areeba.com

SUDMO Mobitel

900 www.sdn-mobitel.com

SURINAME

SURTG Telesur

900/1800 www.telesur.sr

SWAZILAND

SWZMN Swazi MTN Limited

900 www.mtn.co.sz

2 6 8 2 6 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

SWEDEN

SWEEP Telenor Sverige AB

900/1800/3G www.telenor.se

SWEHU Hi3G Access AB

3G www.tre.se

SWEIQ Tele 2 AB

900/3G www.tele2.com

SWESP Swefour AB

900/1800 www.swefour.com

SWETR TeliaSonera Mobile Networks AB Sweden

900/1800/3G www.teliasonera.com

SWITZERLAND

CHEC1 Swisscom Mobile Ltd

900/1800/3G www.swisscom-mobile.ch

CHEDX TDC Switzerland AG

900/1800/3G www.sunrise.ch

CHEIP/IN In &Phone SA.

1800 www.inphone.ch

CHEK7 TDC Switzerland AG (sunrise)

900/1800 www.sunrise.ch

CHEOR Orange Communications SA

1800/3G www.orange.ch

CHET2 Tele2 Telecommunications Services AG

1800 www.tele2.ch

CHEOA OnAir Switzerland Sarl

1800 www.onair.aero

SYRIA

SYR01 Syriatel Mobile Telecom SA

900/1800 www.syriatel.com

SYRSP Areeba Syria (AJSC)

900/1800 www.areeba.com.sy

Syrian Telecommunication Est. (MOBILE SYRIA)

900 www.syriatel.net

TAIWAN

AILTN ACeS Taiwan Telecommunications Co Ltd

GSM Satellite www.acesinternational.com

TWNFE Far EasTone Telecommunications Co Ltd

900/1800/3G www.fareastone.com.tw

TWNK1/KG/TT KG Telecom

1800 www.kgt.com.tw

TWNLD Chunghwa Telecom

900/1800/3G www.cht.com.tw

TWNPC Taiwan Mobile Co.Ltd

1800/3G www.taiwanmobile.com

TWNTA TransAsia Telecommunications

900 www.tat.com.tw

TWNTG VIBO Telecom Inc

3G www.vibo.com.tw

TWNTM MobiTai

900 www.mobitai.com.tw

TAJIKISTAN

TJK01 JV Somoncom

900 www.somoncom.com

TJK91 Tacom LLC (BEELINE TJ)

900/1800

TJKBM CJSC Babilon-Mobile

900/3G www.babilon-m.com

TJKIT Indigo Tajikistan

900/1800/3G www.indigo.tj

TJKTT TT Mobile, Closed joint-stock company

900/1800 www.mlt.tj

2 7 0 2 7 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

TANZANIA

TZACT Celtel Tanzania Limited

900/1800/400 www.tz.celtel.com

TZAMB MIC Tanzania Limited

900/1800 www.mobitel.co.tz

TZAVC Vodacom Tanzania Limited

900/1800 www.vodacom.co.tz

TZAZN Zanzibar Telecom Ltd

900/1800

THAILAND

AILTA ACeS Regional Services Co. Ltd.

GSM Satellite www.acesthailand.com

THACO True Move Company Ltd

1800 www.truemove.com

THADP Digital Phone Co Ltd

1800 www.dpc1800.com

THATC ACT Mobile Company, Limited

1900/3G www.thaimobile.co.th

THAWP Total Access Communications Co

1800 www.dtac.co.th

THAAS Advanced Info Service PLC

900 www.ais.co.th

TIMOR L’ESTE

TLSTL Timor Telecom

900 www.timortelecom.tp

TOGO

TGOTC Togo Telecom

900

TGOTL Telecel Togo

900 www.telecel.tg

TONGA

TON01 Tonga Communications Corporation

900 www.tcc.to

Shoreline Communications

900 www.tonfon.to

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

TTO12 Telecommunications Services of Trinidad

and Tobago Ltd

1800 www.tstt.co.tt

TTODL Digicel Trinidad and Tobago Ltd

850/1900 www.digicelgroup.com

TUNISIA

TUNTA Orascom Telecom Tunisie

900 www.tunisiana.com

TUNTT Tunisie Telecom

900 www.tunisietelecom.tn

TURKEY

TURAC/IS Avea Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S.

1800 www.avea.com.tr

TURGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

TURTC Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S.

900 www.turkcell.com.tr

TURTS Vodafone Telekomunikasyon A.S

900 www.telsim.com.tr

TURKMENISTAN

TKMBC Barash Communication Technologies INC

900 www.bctimobile.com

TKMTM Altyn Asyr MC

900/1800 www.telecom.tm

2 7 2 2 7 3

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS

TCACW Cable & Wireless West Indies Ltd

(Turks & Caicos)

850 www.cw.tc

UGANDA

UGACE CelTel

900 www.ug.celtel.com/en

UGAMN MTN Uganda Ltd

900 www.mtn.co.ug

UGATL Uganda Telecom Ltd

900 www.utl.co.ug

UKRAINE

UKRAS Astelit LLC

900/1800 www.life.com.ua

UKRGT Golden Telecom LLC

1800 www.goldentele.com

UKRKS Kyivstar GSM JSC

900/1800 www.kyivstar.net

UKRRS Ukrainian Radio Systems

900 www.beeline.ua

UKRUM Ukrainian Mobile Communications

900/1800 www.umc.com.ua

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

AREDU Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company PJSC

900/1800/3G www.du.ae

ARETC Emirates Telecom Corp-ETISALAT

900/3G www.etisalat.ae

ARETH Thuraya Satellite Telecommunications Co

GSM Satellite www.thuraya.com

UNITED KINGDOM

GBRCN O2 (UK) Limited.

900/1800/3G www.o2.co.uk

GBRHU Hutchison 3G UK Ltd

3G www.three.co.uk

GBRME T-Mobile (UK) Limited

1800/3G www.t-mobile.co.uk

GBROR Orange PCS Ltd

1800/3G www.orange.co.uk

GBRVF/VG VODAFONE Ltd

900/1800/3G www.vodafone.co.uk

INXIX Inmarsat Ventures Plc

GSM Satellite www.inmarsat.com

UNITED STATES

USAJS/INTJS Jasper Wireless, inc

850 www.jasperwireless.com

SHIPS Manx Telecom Maritime Services 1

900

USA11/DC Dobson Communications Corporation

850/1900 www.dobson.net

USA27/58/31/ T-Mobile USA Inc.

58/W0/W1/W2/

W3/W4/W5/W6

1900 www.t-mobile.com

USA3G/AT/BS/ Cingular Wireless

CG/PB

850/1900/3G www.cingular.com

USA1L TMP Corp

1900 www.simmetrypcs.com

USAAC Advantage Cellular Systems Inc

850 www.advantagecell.com

USAAE Airadigm Communications

1900 www.einsteinwireless.net

2 74 2 7 5

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

USAAK Alaska Digitel, LLC

1900 www.alaskadigitel.com

USAAN AN Subsidiary LLC (ANW)

1900

USAAS Arctic Slope Telephone Association Cooperative

850 www.astac.net

USAAW Alaska Wireless Communications, LLC

(Dutch Harbor)

850 www.alaska-wireless.com

USAC1 Amarillo License, L.P (Cellular One of Amarillo)

850 www.cell1amerillo.net

USACB Cincinnati Bell Wireless

1900 www.cbwireless.com

USACC Centennial Communications

850 www.centennialwireless.com/index2.php

USACD/CO Commnet Wireless, LLC

850/1900 www.commnetwireless.com

USACH MTPCS, LLC

1900 www.chinookwireless.com

USACI North East Colorado Cellular, Inc (NECCI)

850 www.necci.com

USACP Cellular Properties, Inc

850 www.cellular1.net

USACR Caprock Cellular Limited Partnership

850 www.caprock-spur.com

USACV Chariton Valley Communications Corporation Inc

1900 www.cvalley.com

USACW Keystone Wireless LLC

1900 www.immix.com

USAD1 Digiph

1900

USAEC Easterbrooke Cellular Corporation

850 www.cell1wv.com

USAEM Edge Mobile LLC

1900

USAET Epic Touch Co (Elkhart Telephone Co Inc - Liberal, KS)

1900 www.epictouch.com

USAEW Edge Wireless

1900 www.edgewireless.com

USAFA Farmers Cellular Telephone Inc

850/1900 www.farmerswireless.com

USAFC Southern Illinois RSA Partnership

850 www.firstcellular.com

USAGS/GM Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

USAHL Highland Cellular, Inc

850

USAHM High Plains Midwest LLC

1900 www.westlinkcom.com

USAHP High Plains Wireless, L.P

1900 www.cell1amarillo.net

USAIN Indigo Wireless, Inc

1900 www.indigowireless.com

USAIW Iowa Wireless Services, LP

1900 www.iwireless.com

USAKD Choice Wireless LC

1900 www.AmeriLinkwireless.com

USAKT Kaplan Telephone Company,Inc

(PACE - UNITED STATES)

850 www.kaplantel.net

USALC Lamar County Cellular, Inc

850 www.lamarcountycellular.com

USAM5 Missouri RSA No 5 Partnership

850 www.cvalley.net

USAMI Get Mobile Inc

1900 www.getmobilegsm.com

2 7 6 2 7 7

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

USAMT Mid-Tex Cellular, Ltd.

850/1900 www.mid-texcellular.com/

USANC Nextel Communications Inc.

900 www.nextel.com

USANE Tracy Corporation II

1900 www.tlxt.net

USANM New Mexico RSA 4 East Ltd Partnership

850 www.plateautel.net

USANP NEP Cellcorp, Inc

1900 www.nep.net

USAOW Oklahoma Western Telephone Company

1900 www.oklahomawesterntel.com

USAPC Pine Telephone Company

850 www.pinecellular.com

USAPE Petrocom LLC

850 www.petrocom.com

USAPS Public Service Cellular, Inc

850

USAPU Pulse Mobile LLC

850/1900 www.gta.net

USAPL Poka Lambro Telecommunications, Ltd.

850 www.poka.com

USAP1/PW Pinpoint Wireless Inc

1900 www.pnpt.com

USAQ1 Cross Telephone Company

1900 www.crosstel.net

USARB Manx Telecom North America

n/a

USARS Texas RSA 3 Ltd Partnership

850 www.plateautel.net

USASB Smith Bagley, Inc. (CellularOne)

850/1900

USASC SunCom Wireless Holdings Inc

1900 www.suncom.com

USASK MBO Wireless Inc

1900

USASO SLO Cellular, Inc

(DBA,Cellular One of San Luis Obispo)and

Entertainment Ltd.

850 www.cellularone-slo.com

USASX Long Lines Wireless LLC

1900 www.longlines.com

USAT1 TX-11 Acquisition, LLC (Cellular One of East Texas)

850/1900 www.celloneet.com

USATC E.N.M.R. Telephone Cooperative

850 www.plateautel.net

USATT Taylor Telecommunications, LTD (Texas Cellular)

850 www.taylortel.com

USATX Concho Cellular Telephone Co., Inc.

1900

USAU1 Corr Wireless Communications

1900 www.corrwireless.com

USAUN Union Telephone Company

850/1900 www.unionwireless.com

USAUS/XY XIT Wireless

850 www.xit.net

USAWA Wireless Alliance

1900 www.thewirelessalliance.com

USAWC CGKC&H No. 2 Rural Cellular LP

850 www.westcentral.com

USAWK Wilkes Cellular Inc

850 www.nu-z.net

USAWV Key Communications, LLC

1900 www.pcmgt.com

USAWW WWC Holding Co. Ltd (Western Wirelss)

850 www.wwireless.com

Alltel Communications Inc

850/1900 www.alltel.com

2 7 8 2 7 9

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

Coleman County Telecommunications Inc

1900 www.cctc.org

New Dimension Wireless Ltd

1900 www.newdimensionwireless.com

Quantum Communications Group Inc

1900 http://quantumcomm.com

URUGUAY

URYAM AM Wireless Uruguay S.A.

1900

URYAN ANTEL URUGUAY

1800 www.antel.com.uy

URYGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

URYTM Abiatar S.A.

850/1900 www.movistar.com.uy

UZBEKISTAN

UZB01 Buztel

900

UZB05 Coscom

900 www.coscom.uz

UZB07 FE ‘Uzdunrobita’ Ltd

900/1800 www.mts.uz

UZBDU Unitel LLC

900/1800 www.unitel.uz

UZBUM Uzmacom

900 www.uzmacom.uz

VANUATU

VUT01 Telecom Vanuatu Limited

900 www.smile.com.vu

VENEZUELA

VEN01 Infonet Redes de Informacion CA

900 www.infonet.com.ve

VEND2 Corporacion Digitel C.A.

900 www.digitel.com.ve

VEND3 Digital Celular Gsm C.A.

900

VENGS Globalstar

GSM Satellite www.globalstar.com

VENMS Telcel C.A.

850 www.movistar.com.ve

VIETNAM

VNMMO Vietnam Mobile Telecom Services Company

900/1800 www.mobifone.com.vn

VNMVI Vietnam Telecom Services Company (GPC)

900 www.vinaphone.com.vn

VNMVT Vietel Corporation

900 www.viettelmobile.com.vn

YEMEN

YEMSA Yemen Mobile Phone Company - Sabafon

900 www.sabafon.com

YEMSP Spacetel – Yemen

900 www.spacetelyemen.com/php/en

ZAMBIA

ZMB02 MTN (Zambia) Ltd

900 www.mtnzambia.co.zm

ZMBCE Celtel Zambia Limited

900 www.zm.celtel.com

ZMBCZ Zambia Telecommunications Company Ltd (ZAMTEL)

900 www.zamtel.zm/zamtel/index.htm

ZMBZM Zamcells

900

2 8 0 2 8 1

M O B I L E O P E R A T O R S

ZIMBABWE

ZWEET Econet Wireless (Private) Limited

900 www.econet.co.zw

ZWEN1 Net*One Cellular (Pvt) Ltd

900 www.netone.co.zw

ZWEN3 Telecel Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd

900 www.telecel.co.zw

MACH’s Services & Solutions

2 8 4

M A C H ’ S S E R V I C E S & S O L U T I O N S

2 8 5

Who we are

MACH was established in 1987 and our experience in providing

clearing and settlement solutions – solutions supporting an operator’s

interactions with business partners - spans more than 2 decades.

It is MACH’s strategic ambition to be the leading global clearing and

settlement partner for mobile based transactions.

MACH is a one-stop-shop provider of solutions that cover data clear-

ing, financial clearing and settlement, WLAN roaming, interconnect

and content clearing.

MACH is SAS70 Type II Audited and works according to

ISO9001 procedures.

Our Business Model

Our business model is based on outsourcing and is designed to

simplify our clients’ clearing and settlement business while maximiz-

ing client profits. MACH acts as your trusted partner facilitating and

optimising your business.

With MACH as your solutions provider you will achieve the

following benefits:

• Optimise revenues mainly due to our know-how and services which

minimise your time-to-market and reduce pressure on resources as

MACH assists you with knowledge and services.

• Reduce costs mainly based on state-of-the-art service and

transparent cost models.

• Access to expert knowledge to further enhance your inter-operator

business. As a strategic partner MACH actively participates in

setting the industry standards and also continuously seeks for new

ways to support clients enhancing their business.

MACH’S SERVICES & SOLUTIONS

The market for clearing and settlement is becoming increasingly

significant as the competition in many domestic markets rises and

consequently experience decreasing prices. In addition, people travel

more and to a larger extend use mobile devises when travelling so the

business provides the opportunity of increasing revenues.

Some operators have also started using services and tariffs as

competitive parameters to maintain or increase the subscriber base

and ultimately their revenue potential.

As a result the business represents vital revenues for telecoms

– revenues which are important but also difficult to manage and control.

Outsourcing to a dedicated partner is therefore the logical response

to assure your revenues in the dynamic industry where you need to be

at the forefront to take your business to a higher level.

2 8 6

M A C H ’ S S E R V I C E S & S O L U T I O N S

2 8 7

Progrator

MACH’s EDI and ebusiness unit focuses on integration between

companies. The aim is to minimise time and costs while optimising

business processes irrespectively of platform, format and means

of communication.

PROGRATOR has more than 3000 clients, primarily in Denmark, within

areas such as production, transportation, financial institutions and

the pharmaceutical industry.

www.progrator.dk

MACH is owned by the leading private equity firm, Warburg Pincus

– which has a long experience and thorough knowledge within the

telecoms industry.

Our consultative approach to each client results in assisting clients to

identify the appropriate solution for each challenge and at the right

time. Consequently, MACH is committed to deliver true quality and

value to clients – irrespectively of your very diverse needs.

MACH Group

On top of providing solutions within data clearing, financial settle-

ment, WLAN roaming, interconnect and near-real time fraud, MACH

Group consists of two additional leading brands.

End2End

End2End is Europe’s leading provider of outsourced solutions for

mobile data. End2End operates a unique service delivery infrastructure,

specifically designed for the hosting, management, and delivery of

mobile data services and content as managed services.

End2End serves more than 50 mobile operators in over 20 countries

on five continents.

www.end2endmobile.com

MACH

Operator2

Operator3Operator1

Operatorn Operator4

2 8 8

M A C H ’ S S E R V I C E S & S O L U T I O N S

2 8 9

What we do

MACH Solutions make operators overcome the complexity of the

clearing and settlement market – also across technologies.

Our solutions are fully compliant to standards set by the GSM

Association/industry organisations and based on state-of-the-art

technology. Moreover, our commitment to delivering cutting-edge

solutions has lead to a comprehensive range of future-proof solutions,

delivering true value to clients.

Our involvement

MACH participates in setting the industry standards. Currently MACH

is actively involved in 8 subgroups of the GSM Association, and MACH

has been an associate member of the GSM Association since 1999

and member of WBA since 2006.

MACH’s close involvement in setting the industry standards is

supported by the 100 employees in Research & Development and

closely followed by our dedicated innovation lab to ensure full

compliance of new services.

MACH also has a number of experts who regularly speaks at events

related to the market.

Our Solutions

MACH Solutions are designed to support all types of operators with

various inter-operator needs. Both advanced operators in highly

competitive markets and new licences in emerging markets benefit

from MACH’s comprehensive solutions portfolio.

Across all continents MACH supports more than 50 operators with

advanced billing solutions.

MACH’s solutions are divided into five key areas:

Clearing Solutions

Consist of safe and reliable exchange of your billing and settlement

information on which the whole concept of international roaming is

based as well as the actual financial clearing and settlement – also

covering inter-standard roaming.

Billing Solutions

Cover mediation, rating and billing of your inter-operator services,

also giving you the opportunity to offer transparent tariffs to your

subscribers without changing or updating your billing system.

Operator

ClearingSolutions

BillingSolutions

AssuranceSolutions

IntelligenceSolutions

NetworkSolutions

MACH Data Clearing

MACH Financial Statement

MACH Finance

MACH Billing

MACH Re-pricing

MACH Interconnect

MACH MMS RelayMACH WLAN

MACH Fraud Management

MACH IOT Check

MACH Fraud Protection

MACH Smart

MACH Roaming Management System

MACH Consulting

2 9 0

M A C H ’ S S E R V I C E S & S O L U T I O N S

2 9 1

Network Solutions

Enable you to tie new networks and technologies into existing

business models. Consequently, you can introduce new services to

your customers with only minor changes in your billing system

Assurance Solutions

Minimise your potential revenue leakages with solutions that not

only fulfil the industry standard of minimising fraud, but also efficient

near-real time fraud protection and correction of erroneous inter-

operator tariffs.

Intelligence Solutions

Enhance your daily work and knowledge by providing efficient tools

and resources to strategic projects. Intelligence solutions speed up

your process of bringing services to market.

Who we serve

MACH has more than 400 clients in the mobile market and you are at

the centre of everything we do. Our clients from all over the world have

very different strategies and needs – all which we support through our

broad expertise and solutions portfolio to optimise your business.

On top of serving individual clients, we also have a programme

for international groups as their needs are different from

stand-alone operators.

MACH solutions target mobile operators, fixed operators, ISPs, MVNOs

and other players in the telecom market. Our comprehensive solution

portfolio minimises your time-to-market, assures revenues, optimises

business processes and provides analysis functionalities to optimise

each operator’s business.

How we serve

MACH has a unique set-up of dedicated Account Management, Client

Support and client applications – and combines global experience

with local knowledge. On this basis we serve each client individually to

support your specific needs and adding value.

Our corporation with you is based on continuous dialogue through

the Account Manager, regular client meetings, events and surveys

– feedback which we use to enhance our partnership and take our

business in the right direction. We look ahead to predict/? your future

challenges which we assist you overcome. This approach combined

with our broad range of solutions and industry participation leads to

MACH setting new standards of service.

When signing a new client, we enter a strategic partnership in which

we are committed to ad value and optimise your return on investment

– both now and in the future.

If you would like additional copies you may order them by faxing the

attached order form to MACH at +352 27 756 298 or by sending an

e-mail to info@mach.com.

MACH invites your suggestions/corrections regarding this guide. Please

send your comments by e-mail to info@mach.com, ref. A&A Guide.

The acronyms, abbreviations and website addresses listed in this

guide are for informal purposes only. While every effort has been

made to verify the information contained herein, MACH cannot

guaranty the accuracy of the terms or of the website addresses listed.

Material from this guide may be reproduced in full or part provided

that written permission is firstly obtained from the Editor at the

address below:

Editorial Enquiries

The Editor

The MACH Guide to Acronyms & Abbreviations

MACH

2, Rue Edmond Reuter

L-5326 Contern

G.D. of Luxembourg

Tel. : +352 27 756 280

Fax: +352 27 756 298

Email: info@mach.com

® MACH S.à.r.l

R.C. Luxembourg No B 89.824

To order more copies of the MACH Guide Acronyms and Abbreviations

– 8th Edition or to book an advertisement in the 9th Edition simply fill

out the form below.

You may also order the Guide by sending an e-mail to info@mach.com

or by faxing the attached order form to MACH at +352 27 756 298

MACH, 2, Rue Edmond Reuter, L-5326 Contern, G.D. of Luxembourg

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2 9 4

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2 9 5