MA5600T&MA5603T V800R010C00 Feature Description

SmartAX MA5600T/MA5603T Multi-service AccessModuleV800R010C00

Feature Description

Issue 01Date 2011-10-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.comEmail: [email protected]

Issue 01 (2011-10-30) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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About This Document

Intended AudienceThis document describes the key features (including ADSL,VDSL2, SHDSL, GPON, VoIP,ISDN, FoIP, MoIP, P2P Access, Layer 2 Protocol Handling, Layer 3 Features, VLAN, ACL,QoS, Multicast and security features) of the SmartAX MA5600T/MA5603T (hereinafterreferred to as the MA5600T/MA5603T) in detail from the following aspects:l Definitionl Purposel Specificationl Availabilityl Principlel ReferenceAfter reading this document, you can learn about the definitions and purposes of the variousfeatures of the MA5600T/MA5603T, and also the support of these features by the MA5600T/MA5603T and the references on these features. In this way, you can know the feature list of theMA5600T/MA5603T and understand the implementation of these features on the MA5600T/MA5603T.This document is intended for:l Network planning engineersl System maintenance engineersl Configuration engineersl NM administrators

Symbol ConventionsThe following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows

Symbol DescriptionIndicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if notavoided, will result in death or serious injury.

SmartAX MA5600T/MA5603T Multi-service AccessModuleFeature Description About This Document


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Symbol DescriptionIndicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which,if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if notavoided, could cause equipment damage, data loss, andperformance degradation, or unexpected results.Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or saveyour time.Provides additional information to emphasize orsupplement important points of the main text.

Update HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 01 (2011-10-30)This is the first release of V800R010C00. Compared with issue 01 (2011-07-15) ofV800R009C00, this issue has the following changes:The following information is added:l 12 IPv6l 20.8 ONT DHCP Simulationl 14.8 Type C Protection of GPON Linesl 7 MPLSThe following information is modified:l Updated the specifications of 4 VDSL2 Access, 1 GPON, and 13 Multicast.l Modified the content of 9.3 1:1 VMAC, 21.3 Ethernet CFM OAM, and 9.8 Bridging.l Modified the structure and the content of 17.9 Service Overload Control.

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii1 GPON...............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................21.2 Specifications......................................................................................................................................................21.3 Reference Standards and Protocols....................................................................................................................41.4 Availability.........................................................................................................................................................41.5 Overview of the GPON System..........................................................................................................................51.6 GPON Principle..................................................................................................................................................71.7 Key GPON Technologies.................................................................................................................................131.8 GPON Terminal Authentication and Management..........................................................................................161.9 Continuous-Mode ONU Detection...................................................................................................................251.10 GPON Network Applications.........................................................................................................................281.11 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations........................................................................................................29

2 P2P Optical Access......................................................................................................................302.1 P2P FE Optical Access.....................................................................................................................................31

2.1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................312.1.2 Specifications...........................................................................................................................................312.1.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.........................................................................................................312.1.4 Availability..............................................................................................................................................312.1.5 Principle...................................................................................................................................................32

2.2 GE P2P Optical Access....................................................................................................................................332.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................332.2.2 Specifications...........................................................................................................................................362.2.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.........................................................................................................402.2.4 Availability..............................................................................................................................................402.2.5 Network Applications..............................................................................................................................41

3 ADSL2+ Access............................................................................................................................443.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................453.2 Specifications....................................................................................................................................................453.3 Reference..........................................................................................................................................................463.4 Availability.......................................................................................................................................................463.5 Principle............................................................................................................................................................46

SmartAX MA5600T/MA5603T Multi-service AccessModuleFeature Description Contents


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3.6 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations..........................................................................................................534 VDSL2 Access...............................................................................................................................55

4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................564.2 Specifications....................................................................................................................................................564.3 Reference Standards and Protocols..................................................................................................................574.4 Availability.......................................................................................................................................................574.5 VDSL2 Architecture.........................................................................................................................................584.6 Features of the VDSL2 System........................................................................................................................604.7 Support for Multiple Spectrum Profiles...........................................................................................................614.8 Flexible PSD Control Methods.........................................................................................................................634.9 Improvement of Line Performance...................................................................................................................664.10 VDSL2 Network Applications.......................................................................................................................73

5 SHDSL Access..............................................................................................................................755.1 ATM SHDSL Access.......................................................................................................................................76

5.1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................765.1.2 Specifications...........................................................................................................................................765.1.3 Availability..............................................................................................................................................775.1.4 Reference.................................................................................................................................................775.1.5 Principle...................................................................................................................................................775.1.6 Acronyms and Abbreviations..................................................................................................................79

5.2 EFM SHDSL Access........................................................................................................................................795.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................795.2.2 Specifications...........................................................................................................................................805.2.3 Availability..............................................................................................................................................805.2.4 Reference.................................................................................................................................................815.2.5 Principle...................................................................................................................................................815.2.6 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.................................................................................................83

5.3 TDM SHDSL Feature.......................................................................................................................................835.3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................835.3.2 Specifications...........................................................................................................................................845.3.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.........................................................................................................855.3.4 Availability..............................................................................................................................................855.3.5 Principle...................................................................................................................................................865.3.6 Narrowband Data Private Line Service Applications..............................................................................875.3.7 PRA Carrying Applications.....................................................................................................................895.3.8 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.................................................................................................90

6 ATM Access..................................................................................................................................926.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................936.2 Specifications....................................................................................................................................................946.3 Reference Standards and Protocols..................................................................................................................946.4 Availability.......................................................................................................................................................94



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6.5 Principle............................................................................................................................................................957 MPLS..............................................................................................................................................97

7.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................................................987.2 Reference Standards and Protocols..................................................................................................................987.3 Availability.....................................................................................................................................................1007.4 MPLS..............................................................................................................................................................100

7.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1017.4.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1017.4.3 Principle.................................................................................................................................................102

7.5 MPLS RSVP-TE.............................................................................................................................................1087.5.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1087.5.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1097.5.3 Principle.................................................................................................................................................109

7.6 MPLS OAM...................................................................................................................................................1117.6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1117.6.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1127.6.3 Principle.................................................................................................................................................112

7.7 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations........................................................................................................1148 Layer 2 VPN................................................................................................................................120

8.1 PWE3..............................................................................................................................................................1218.1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1218.1.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1218.1.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.......................................................................................................1238.1.4 Availability............................................................................................................................................1238.1.5 Enhanced Feature..................................................................................................................................1238.1.6 Principle.................................................................................................................................................124

8.1.6.1 Basic Principle of PWE3..............................................................................................................1248.1.6.2 Principle of TDM PWE3..............................................................................................................1308.1.6.3 ATM PWE3 Principle..................................................................................................................1358.1.6.4 Principle of ETH PWE3...............................................................................................................1418.1.6.5 Traffic Label Principle..................................................................................................................1438.1.6.6 PW Redundancy...........................................................................................................................1448.1.6.7 PW OAM (VCCV).......................................................................................................................145

8.1.7 Network Applications............................................................................................................................1488.1.8 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations...............................................................................................150

8.2 Native TDM....................................................................................................................................................1528.2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1528.2.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1528.2.3 Reference...............................................................................................................................................1528.2.4 Availability............................................................................................................................................1538.2.5 Principle.................................................................................................................................................153

8.3 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations........................................................................................................155



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9 Layer 2 Protocol Handling.......................................................................................................1579.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................................1589.2 MAC Address Management...........................................................................................................................158

9.2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1589.2.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1599.2.3 Availability............................................................................................................................................1609.2.4 Principle.................................................................................................................................................160

9.3 1:1 VMAC......................................................................................................................................................1619.3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1619.3.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1629.3.3 Availability............................................................................................................................................1629.3.4 Feature Enhancement............................................................................................................................1639.3.5 Principle.................................................................................................................................................1639.3.6 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations...............................................................................................167

9.4 N:1 VMAC.....................................................................................................................................................1689.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1689.4.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1699.4.3 Availability............................................................................................................................................1699.4.4 Principle.................................................................................................................................................170

9.5 VLAN Management.......................................................................................................................................1729.5.1 VLAN Overview...................................................................................................................................1729.5.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1739.5.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.......................................................................................................1739.5.4 Availability............................................................................................................................................1739.5.5 Types of VLAN.....................................................................................................................................1749.5.6 VLAN Attribute.....................................................................................................................................1769.5.7 VLAN Processing..................................................................................................................................1789.5.8 VLAN Aggregation...............................................................................................................................1799.5.9 Special Applications of VLANs............................................................................................................180

9.6 VLAN Switching Policy.................................................................................................................................1809.6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1809.6.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1819.6.3 Availability............................................................................................................................................1819.6.4 VLAN Tag Transforming of Traffic Streams........................................................................................181

9.7 Forwarding Policy..........................................................................................................................................1929.7.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1929.7.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................1939.7.3 Availability............................................................................................................................................1939.7.4 Principle.................................................................................................................................................194

9.8 Bridging..........................................................................................................................................................1959.8.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1959.8.2 Specifications.........................................................................................................................................196



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9.8.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.......................................................................................................1969.8.4 Availability............................................................................................................................................1969.8.5 Principle.................................................................................................................................................197

9.9 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations........................................................................................................20010 QoS.............................................................................................................................................202

10.1 QoS Processing.............................................................................................................................................20310.2 Traffic Classification....................................................................................................................................204

10.2.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................20410.2.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................20510.2.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................20710.2.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................207

10.3 Priority Processing........................................................................................................................................20810.3.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................20810.3.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................20810.3.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................20910.3.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................210

10.4 Traffic Policing.............................................................................................................................................21210.4.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................21210.4.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................21310.4.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................21310.4.4 Traffic Policing Principle....................................................................................................................21310.4.5 DBA Principle.....................................................................................................................................216

10.5 ACL Policy...................................................................................................................................................21710.5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................21810.5.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................21810.5.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................21910.5.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................220

10.6 Congestion Avoidance and Management.....................................................................................................22210.6.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................22210.6.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................22210.6.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................22210.6.4 Congestion Avoidance Principle.........................................................................................................22310.6.5 Congestion Management Principle......................................................................................................224

10.7 HQoS............................................................................................................................................................22710.7.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................22710.7.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................22810.7.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................22810.7.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................22810.7.5 Principle of Priority-based HQoS........................................................................................................22810.7.6 Principle of HQoS Based on CAR Group...........................................................................................230

10.8 QoS Network Application............................................................................................................................23510.8.1 Typical QoS Application in an FTTH/P2P Network...........................................................................235



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10.8.2 Typical QoS Application in an FTTB/FTTC Network.......................................................................23710.9 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations......................................................................................................238

11 Layer 3 Features........................................................................................................................24111.1 ARP..............................................................................................................................................................242

11.1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................24211.1.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................24211.1.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................24211.1.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................24211.1.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................243

11.2 ARP Proxy....................................................................................................................................................24411.2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................24411.2.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................24411.2.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................24411.2.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................24411.2.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................245

11.3 DHCP Relay.................................................................................................................................................24611.3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................24611.3.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................24611.3.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................24711.3.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................24711.3.5 DHCPv4 Layer 2 Relay Principle.......................................................................................................24811.3.6 DHCPv4 Layer 3 Relay Principle.......................................................................................................24811.3.7 Networking Application......................................................................................................................249

11.4 DHCP Proxy.................................................................................................................................................25011.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................25011.4.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................25111.4.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................25111.4.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................25111.4.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................251

11.5 IP-aware Bridge............................................................................................................................................25511.5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................25511.5.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................25511.5.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................25511.5.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................256

11.6 VRRP Snooping...........................................................................................................................................26011.6.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................26011.6.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................26111.6.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................26111.6.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................26111.6.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................26211.6.6 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.............................................................................................264

11.7 Routing.........................................................................................................................................................265



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11.7.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................26511.7.2 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................26511.7.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................26511.7.4 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................26611.7.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................26611.7.6 Static Route..........................................................................................................................................271

11.7.6.1 Introduction to Static Routes......................................................................................................27111.7.6.2 Specifications..............................................................................................................................27111.7.6.3 References..................................................................................................................................27111.7.6.4 Components of Static Routes.....................................................................................................27111.7.6.5 Applications of Static Routes.....................................................................................................27211.7.6.6 BFD for Static Routes.................................................................................................................27411.7.6.7 Terms and Abbreviations............................................................................................................274

11.7.7 RIP.......................................................................................................................................................27511.7.7.1 Introduction to RIP.....................................................................................................................27511.7.7.2 Specifications..............................................................................................................................27511.7.7.3 References..................................................................................................................................27511.7.7.4 RIP-1...........................................................................................................................................27611.7.7.5 RIP-2...........................................................................................................................................27611.7.7.6 Timer..........................................................................................................................................27711.7.7.7 Split Horizon...............................................................................................................................27711.7.7.8 Poison Reverse...........................................................................................................................27811.7.7.9 Triggered Update........................................................................................................................27811.7.7.10 Route Aggregation....................................................................................................................27911.7.7.11 Multi-process and Multi-instance.............................................................................................28011.7.7.12 Hot Backup...............................................................................................................................28011.7.7.13 Terms and Abbreviations..........................................................................................................280

11.7.8 IS-IS.....................................................................................................................................................28111.7.8.1 Introduction to IS-IS...................................................................................................................28111.7.8.2 Specifications..............................................................................................................................28111.7.8.3 References..................................................................................................................................28111.7.8.4 Basic Concepts of IS-IS..............................................................................................................28311.7.8.5 IS-IS Multi-instance and Multi-process.....................................................................................30011.7.8.6 IS-IS Route Leaking...................................................................................................................30011.7.8.7 IS-IS Fast Convergence..............................................................................................................30211.7.8.8 Priority-based IS-IS Convergence..............................................................................................30311.7.8.9 IS-IS LSP Fragment Extension...................................................................................................30311.7.8.10 IS-IS Administrative Tag..........................................................................................................30611.7.8.11 Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism..............................................................................30711.7.8.12 IS-IS HA...................................................................................................................................30811.7.8.13 IS-IS 3-Way Handshake...........................................................................................................30911.7.8.14 IS-IS GR...................................................................................................................................309



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11.7.8.15 IS-IS Wide Metric....................................................................................................................31711.7.8.16 BFD for IS-IS...........................................................................................................................31811.7.8.17 IS-IS Authentication.................................................................................................................32111.7.8.18 Terms and Abbreviations..........................................................................................................323

11.7.9 OSPF....................................................................................................................................................32511.7.9.1 Introduction to OSPF..................................................................................................................32511.7.9.2 Specifications..............................................................................................................................32611.7.9.3 References..................................................................................................................................32611.7.9.4 Fundamentals of OSPF...............................................................................................................32711.7.9.5 OSPF GR....................................................................................................................................33811.7.9.6 OSPF NSSA...............................................................................................................................34111.7.9.7 BFD for OSPF............................................................................................................................34211.7.9.8 OSPF Smart-discover.................................................................................................................34411.7.9.9 OSPF-BGP Association..............................................................................................................34411.7.9.10 OSPF Database Overflow.........................................................................................................34511.7.9.11 OSPF Fast Convergence...........................................................................................................34611.7.9.12 OSPF Mesh-Group...................................................................................................................34811.7.9.13 Priority-based OSPF Convergence...........................................................................................35011.7.9.14 Terms and Abbreviations..........................................................................................................350

11.7.10 BGP...................................................................................................................................................35011.7.10.1 Introduction to BGP..................................................................................................................35011.7.10.2 Specifications............................................................................................................................35211.7.10.3 References................................................................................................................................35211.7.10.4 Basic Principle of BGP.............................................................................................................35311.7.10.5 Route Import.............................................................................................................................36011.7.10.6 Route Aggregation....................................................................................................................36011.7.10.7 Route Dampening.....................................................................................................................36011.7.10.8 Community Attribute................................................................................................................36111.7.10.9 BGP Confederation...................................................................................................................36311.7.10.10 BGP GR..................................................................................................................................36411.7.10.11 BGP Tracking.........................................................................................................................36511.7.10.12 BGP Dynamic Update Peer-Groups.......................................................................................36611.7.10.13 4-Byte AS Number.................................................................................................................36811.7.10.14 Terms and Abbreviations........................................................................................................371

11.7.11 VRF...................................................................................................................................................37211.7.11.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................37211.7.11.2 Specifications............................................................................................................................37311.7.11.3 Principle....................................................................................................................................373

11.7.12 Routing Policies.................................................................................................................................37411.7.12.1 Introduction to Routing Policies...............................................................................................37411.7.12.2 References................................................................................................................................37511.7.12.3 Basic Principle of Routing Policies..........................................................................................375



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11.7.12.4 Application Environment.........................................................................................................37611.7.12.5 BGP to IGP...............................................................................................................................37711.7.12.6 Terms and Abbreviations..........................................................................................................378

11.7.13 ECMP................................................................................................................................................37811.7.13.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................37811.7.13.2 Specifications............................................................................................................................37811.7.13.3 Principle....................................................................................................................................379

12 IPv6.............................................................................................................................................38012.1 Introduction to IPv6......................................................................................................................................38112.2 Reference Standards and Protocols..............................................................................................................38212.3 Availability...................................................................................................................................................38312.4 Principles......................................................................................................................................................384

12.4.1 IPv6 Addresses....................................................................................................................................38412.4.2 IPv6 Characteristics.............................................................................................................................38712.4.3 IPv6 Packet Format.............................................................................................................................38912.4.4 ICMPv6...............................................................................................................................................39212.4.5 Neighbor Discovery.............................................................................................................................39312.4.6 Path MTU............................................................................................................................................39612.4.7 Dual Protocol Stacks...........................................................................................................................39612.4.8 TCP6....................................................................................................................................................39712.4.9 UDP6...................................................................................................................................................39812.4.10 RawIP6..............................................................................................................................................398

12.5 IPv6 Features Supported by the MA5600T/MA5603T................................................................................39912.5.1 Routing................................................................................................................................................40012.5.2 ACLv6.................................................................................................................................................40112.5.3 DHCPv6 Relay....................................................................................................................................40312.5.4 MAC Address Binding........................................................................................................................40512.5.5 Anti-IP Spoofing..................................................................................................................................40612.5.6 DAD Proxy..........................................................................................................................................40712.5.7 ARP/ND Proxy Response....................................................................................................................408

12.6 Application...................................................................................................................................................40912.7 Terms and Abbreviations..............................................................................................................................410

13 Multicast....................................................................................................................................41213.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................41313.2 Specifications................................................................................................................................................41313.3 Reference Standards and Protocols..............................................................................................................41413.4 Availability...................................................................................................................................................41513.5 Multicast Overview......................................................................................................................................41513.6 Implementation Principle of Multicast.........................................................................................................420

13.6.1 Basic Managed Objects.......................................................................................................................42013.6.2 Forwarding Framework on the Device................................................................................................42213.6.3 IGMP Control Framework...................................................................................................................423



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13.6.4 Multicast Forwarding Flow.................................................................................................................42513.7 Advanced Multicast Technologies...............................................................................................................428

13.7.1 Multicast Service.................................................................................................................................42813.7.2 Protocol Interoperation........................................................................................................................44013.7.3 Network-side Interoperating Technologies.........................................................................................44813.7.4 User-side Interoperating Technologies................................................................................................46013.7.5 Interoperating Technologies Between Specific Ends..........................................................................466

13.8 Multicast Fault Diagnosis.............................................................................................................................47013.9 Multicast QoS...............................................................................................................................................47213.10 Network Application..................................................................................................................................473

14 Network Protection Features.................................................................................................47414.1 Ethernet Link Aggregation...........................................................................................................................475

14.1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................47514.1.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................47614.1.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................47714.1.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................47714.1.5 Feature Enhancements.........................................................................................................................47914.1.6 Principle...............................................................................................................................................479

14.1.6.1 Introduction to LACP.................................................................................................................47914.1.6.2 Principle of Implementing Link Aggregation............................................................................48114.1.6.3 Principle of Implementing Inter-Board Aggregation.................................................................483

14.1.7 Network Applications..........................................................................................................................48314.1.8 Term, Acronyms, and Abbreviations..................................................................................................488

14.2 Protection Group of Uplink Ports.................................................................................................................48914.2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................48914.2.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................49014.2.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................49014.2.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................490

14.3 Smart Link and Monitor Link.......................................................................................................................49214.3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................49214.3.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................49214.3.3 Availability..........................................................................................................................................49314.3.4 Principle...............................................................................................................................................493

14.3.4.1 Smart Link..................................................................................................................................49314.3.4.2 Monitor Link...............................................................................................................................496

14.3.5 Network Applications..........................................................................................................................49814.3.6 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.............................................................................................499

14.4 MSTP............................................................................................................................................................49914.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................50014.4.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................50014.4.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................50014.4.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................501



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14.4.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................50114.5 RRPP............................................................................................................................................................505

14.5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................50514.5.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................50614.5.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................50714.5.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................50714.5.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................508

14.5.5.1 RRPP Network Topology...........................................................................................................50814.5.5.2 RRPP Packet...............................................................................................................................51014.5.5.3 RRPP Basic Principle.................................................................................................................51314.5.5.4 Working Principle of RRPP.......................................................................................................516

14.5.6 Network Applications..........................................................................................................................51814.5.7 Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations..............................................................................................520

14.6 BFD..............................................................................................................................................................52114.6.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................52114.6.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................52114.6.3 References...........................................................................................................................................52114.6.4 Key Concepts.......................................................................................................................................52214.6.5 BFD for IP...........................................................................................................................................52514.6.6 Application Environment....................................................................................................................525

14.6.6.1 BFD for USR..............................................................................................................................52514.6.6.2 BFD for OSPF............................................................................................................................52614.6.6.3 BFD for IS-IS.............................................................................................................................526

14.6.7 Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.............................................................................................52714.7 STM-1 Port Protection Switching................................................................................................................528

14.7.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................52814.7.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................52814.7.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................52914.7.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................52914.7.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................52914.7.6 Glossary, and Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................530

14.8 Type C Protection of GPON Lines...............................................................................................................53114.8.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................53114.8.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................53114.8.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................53214.8.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................53214.8.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................533

14.9 GPON Port 1+1 Backup...............................................................................................................................53414.9.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................53414.9.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................53414.9.3 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................53514.9.4 Availability..........................................................................................................................................535



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14.9.5 Principle...............................................................................................................................................53515 Voice Feature............................................................................................................................538

15.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................53915.2 Specifications................................................................................................................................................53915.3 Availability...................................................................................................................................................54215.4 ISDN.............................................................................................................................................................542

15.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................54315.4.2 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................54415.4.3 Basic principles....................................................................................................................................54515.4.4 The Principles of ISDN BRA..............................................................................................................548

15.5 MGCP Voice Services..................................................................................................................................54915.5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................54915.5.2 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................55015.5.3 Principle...............................................................................................................................................551

15.5.3.1 MGCP-Based VoIP....................................................................................................................55115.5.3.2 MGCP-Based MoIP....................................................................................................................55315.5.3.3 MGCP-Based FoIP.....................................................................................................................554

15.6 H.248 Voice Services...................................................................................................................................55615.6.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................55615.6.2 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................55715.6.3 Working Principle ...............................................................................................................................557

15.6.3.1 Mechanism of the H.248 Protocol..............................................................................................55715.6.3.2 H.248-Based VoIP......................................................................................................................56115.6.3.3 H.248-Based MoIP.....................................................................................................................56315.6.3.4 H.248-Based FoIP......................................................................................................................563

15.7 SIP Voice Services.......................................................................................................................................56315.7.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................56415.7.2 Reference Standards and Protocols.....................................................................................................56615.7.3 Principle...............................................................................................................................................566

15.7.3.1 SIP User Identification...............................................................................................................56615.7.3.2 SIP Message Format...................................................................................................................56715.7.3.3 User Registration Flow...............................................................................................................56815.7.3.4 Call Flow of the VoIP (SIP) Calling Party.................................................................................57015.7.3.5 Call Flow of the VoIP (SIP) Called Party..................................................................................57215.7.3.6 Call Releasing Flow....................................................................................................................57415.7.3.7 SIP-Based FoIP...........................................................................................................................57415.7.3.8 SIP-Based MoIP.........................................................................................................................580

15.8 Key Voice Feature........................................................................................................................................58115.8.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................58215.8.2 Codec and Packetization Duration .....................................................................................................58215.8.3 Echo Canceller.....................................................................................................................................58315.8.4 Non-Linear Processor..........................................................................................................................584



xv

15.8.5 VAD.....................................................................................................................................................58515.8.6 Packet Loss Concealment....................................................................................................................58515.8.7 Jitter Buffer..........................................................................................................................................58615.8.8 Dual Tone Multi Frequency................................................................................................................58615.8.9 Tone Playing........................................................................................................................................58715.8.10 Voice Quality Enhancement..............................................................................................................58815.8.11 Fax/Modem Quality Enhancement....................................................................................................58815.8.12 RFC2833 Encryption.........................................................................................................................59015.8.13 RTCP XR...........................................................................................................................................591

15.9 Voice Interface Feature.................................................................................................................................59115.9.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................59115.9.2 Ringing................................................................................................................................................59115.9.3 Interface Protection..............................................................................................................................59215.9.4 Features of the Voice Line Interface...................................................................................................593

15.10 Voice Test and Maintenance......................................................................................................................59615.10.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................59615.10.2 Loop Line Test and Circuit Test........................................................................................................59615.10.3 Search Tone.......................................................................................................................................60115.10.4 Signal Tone Test................................................................................................................................60115.10.5 Call Emulation Test...........................................................................................................................60215.10.6 RTCP Statistics..................................................................................................................................60215.10.7 Remote Packet Capture.....................................................................................................................60315.10.8 ToolBox.............................................................................................................................................60415.10.9 QoS Alarm.........................................................................................................................................606

15.11 Voice Reliability.........................................................................................................................................60615.11.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................60615.11.2 Working Principle .............................................................................................................................606

15.11.2.1 H.248/MGCP Dual Homing.....................................................................................................60715.11.2.2 H.248 Multi-homing.................................................................................................................60815.11.2.3 Emergency Standalone.............................................................................................................61115.11.2.4 SIP Dual Homing......................................................................................................................61315.11.2.5 H.248/SIP over SCTP...............................................................................................................61315.11.2.6 SIP over TCP............................................................................................................................61415.11.2.7 Voice QoS.................................................................................................................................614

16 Device Management Security...............................................................................................61816.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................62016.2 Relevant Standards and Protocols................................................................................................................62016.3 Availability...................................................................................................................................................62116.4 SNMP...........................................................................................................................................................622

16.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................62216.4.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................62316.4.3 SNMP Network Management Model.......................................................

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