THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS THAT EXACERBATED THE ETHIOPIAN AND ERITREAN CONFLICT BEYOND THE BORDER ISSUE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO SUSTAIN PEACE IN THE REGION ___________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Alice Salomon Fachhochschule -University of Applied Sciences- Alice-Salomon-Platz 5 D-12627 Berlin ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts “Intercultural Conflict Management” ________________________________ By Worku Menamo Aymelo February, 2007 Menamo, ASFH; Berlin, Germany ___ ___ to to Fachh Fachh pplied pplied Final Master Thesis of Worku M lomon lomon -1262 -1262 Of the Of the Final Master Thesis of Worku Mena AND AND PO PO RITREA RITREA MPLICA MPLICA
1. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS THAT EXACERBATED
THE ETHIOPIAN AND ERITREAN CONFLICT BEYOND THE BORDER ISSUE AND
THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO SUSTAIN PEACE IN THE REGION
___________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Alice
Salomon Fachhochschule -University of Applied Sciences-
Alice-Salomon-Platz 5 D-12627 Berlin
____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the
Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Intercultural Conflict
Management ________________________________ By Worku Menamo Aymelo
February, 2007 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any _________________ FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any _________________ Presented to FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Presented to The Alice
Salomon Fachhochschule FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any The Alice Salomon Fachhochschule -University of
Applied Sciences- FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any -University of Applied Sciences- FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
Alice-Salomon-Platz 5 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any Alice-Salomon-Platz 5 D-12627 Berlin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any D-12627 Berlin
________________________ FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ________________________ Of the Requirements for
the Degree FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any Of the Requirements for the Degree FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M en THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en THE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS TH FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M en POLITICAL FACTORS TH ETHIOPIAN AND ERITREAN CONFLICT FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en ETHIOPIAN AND ERITREAN CONFLICT THEIR
IMPLICATIONS TO SUSTAIN PEACE IN THE REGION FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO SUSTAIN PEACE IN THE REGION
2. The M.A. thesis of Worku Menamo Aymelo is approved: First
Supervisor, Dr. Oliver Wolleh ____________________________ Name and
Title of Second Reader ____________________________ Alice Salomon
Fachhochschule, Berlin February, 2007 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any First Supervisor, Dr. Oliver Wolleh
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any First
Supervisor, Dr. Oliver Wolleh FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en The
M.A. thesis of FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en The M.A. thesis
of
3. i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the victims of the
1998-2000 Ethio-Eritrean warFinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en This
thesis is dedicated to the victims of the 1998-2000 Ethio-Eritrean
war FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en This thesis is dedicated to
the victims of the 1998-2000 Ethio-Eritrean war
4. ii A C K N O W L E D G M E N T First and foremost my
gratitude goes to Dr. Oliver Wolleh, my academic advisor, for his
scholarly assistance from the research proposal up to the write-up
with constructive comments and necessary corrections of the thesis.
I also wish to thank Mrs. Petra Haumersen who is my second reader
and evaluator of my thesis. I would also like to forward my sincere
appreciation to my interview participants, professors at Addis
Ababa University, and the President of the Ethiopian International
Institute for Peace and Development. I am deeply grateful to Dr.
Brian Holt, instructor at the Evangelical Theological College and
Mr. Ayalew Kassa, researcher at World Vision
International/Ethiopia, for their thoughtful editorial work. I
would like to express my thanks and appreciation for Helga Salmanz
in Bonn, Germany, for her kind support during my study in Germany.
Without her generous support I would not have completed my
university studies. I would like to thank the Office of the
Chancellor of the Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences and
the program management team for sponsoring my tuition fees and
rendering me all types of collaboration during my stay in Berlin,
Germany. Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife Mekdes
Amare, for her persistent prayers and care of our children in my
absence. I would like to express my thanks to all of my friends who
have encouraged me and contributed towards my education in one way
or the other. Above all, I thank my God who has been with me from
the beginning to the end of my higher studies in Germany. FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Ethiopian
International Institute for Peace and FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Ethiopian International Institute for
Peace and FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
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asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
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asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Holt,
instructor at the Evangelical Theological FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Holt, instructor at the
Evangelical Theological World Vision International/Ethiopia, for
their FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
World Vision International/Ethiopia, for their tion for Helga
Salmanz in Bonn, Germany, for her FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tion for Helga Salmanz in Bonn,
Germany, for her kind support during my study in Germany. Without
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any kind
support during my study in Germany. Withoutkind support during my
study in Germany. Without FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any kind support during my study in Germany.
Withoutkind support during my study in Germany. Without FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any kind support
during my study in Germany. Withoutkind support during my study in
Germany. Without FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any kind support during my study in Germany.
Withoutkind support during my study in Germany. Without FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any kind support
during my study in Germany. Withoutkind support during my study in
Germany. Without FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any kind support during my study in Germany.
Withoutkind support during my study in Germany. Without FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any kind support
during my study in Germany. Withoutkind support during my study in
Germany. Without FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any kind support during my study in Germany.
Withoutkind support during my study in Germany. Without FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any kind support
during my study in Germany. Withoutkind support during my study in
Germany. Without FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any kind support during my study in Germany. Without
completed my university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university
studies. I would like tocompleted my university studies. I would
like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
completed my university studies. I would like tocompleted my
university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university studies. I
would like tocompleted my university studies. I would like to
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completed my university studies. I would like tocompleted my
university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university studies. I
would like tocompleted my university studies. I would like to
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completed my university studies. I would like tocompleted my
university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university studies. I
would like tocompleted my university studies. I would like to
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completed my university studies. I would like tocompleted my
university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university studies. I
would like tocompleted my university studies. I would like to
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completed my university studies. I would like tocompleted my
university studies. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any completed my university studies. I
would like to Salomon University of Applied Sciences and th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Salomon
University of Applied Sciences and thSalomon University of Applied
Sciences and th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any Salomon University of Applied Sciences and thSalomon
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enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Salomon University of Applied
Sciences and thSalomon University of Applied Sciences and th FinalM
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erm any Salomon University of Applied Sciences and thSalomon
University of Applied Sciences and th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Salomon University of Applied
Sciences and thSalomon University of Applied Sciences and th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Salomon
University of Applied Sciences and th tuition fees and rendering me
all types of co FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm anytuition fees and rendering me all types of co FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Last but not
least, I would like FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any Last but not least, I would like care of our
children in my absence. I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any care of our children in my absence.
I would like to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any encouraged me and contributed towards my FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any encouraged me and
contributed towards my FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en A C K N O W
L E D G M E N T FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en A C K N O W L E D
G M E N T First and foremost my gratitude goes to Dr. Oliver FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en First and foremost my gratitude goes to
Dr. Oliver assistance from the research proposal up to the wr
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en assistance from the research
proposal up to the wr corrections of the thesis. I also wish to
thank FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en corrections of the thesis. I
also wish to thank evaluator of my thesis. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en evaluator of my thesis. I would also like to forward my
sincere appreciati FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en I would also
like to forward my sincere appreciati
5. iii Acronyms AU- The African Union EIIPD-Ethiopian
International Institute for Peace and Development ELF-Eritrean
Liberation Front EPLF- Eritrean Peoples Liberation Front
EPRDF-Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front EU- The
European Union ICJ- International Court of Justice IDEA-Institute
for Democracy and Electoral Assistance IGAD-Intergovernmental
Authority for Development NGO-Non-Governmental Organizations
TFGS-Transitional Federal Government of Somalia TPLF-Tigray Peoples
Liberation Front UICS-United Islamic Courts of Somalia UNESCO-
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNMEE-United Nations Mission in Eritrea and Ethiopia UN-United
Nations FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
IDEA-Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any IDEA-Institute
for Democracy and Electoral Assistance IGAD-Intergovernmental
Authority for Development FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any IGAD-Intergovernmental Authority for Development
NGO-Non-Governmental Organizations FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any NGO-Non-Governmental Organizations
TFGS-Transitional Federal Government of Somalia FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyTFGS-Transitional Federal
Government of Somalia FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any TPLF-Tigray Peoples Liberation Front FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any TPLF-Tigray
Peoples Liberation Front UICS-United Islamic Courts of Somalia
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
UICS-United Islamic Courts of Somalia FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any UNESCO- United Nations E FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any UNESCO- United
Nations E FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en AU- The African Union
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en AU- The African Union
EIIPD-Ethiopian International In FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en
EIIPD-Ethiopian International In ELF-Eritrean Liberation Front
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ELF-Eritrean Liberation Front
EPLF- Eritrean People FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en EPLF-
Eritrean People
6. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication i Acknowledgement ii
Acronyms iii Table of Contents iv List of Tables vii List of
Figures viii Abstract ix I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the
study 1 1.2 The statement of the problem and justification of the
study 2 1.3 Exposition 2 1.4 Objectives of the study 3 1.5 The
Scope of the study 4 II. METHODOLOGY 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2
Hypothesis of the study 5 2.3 Research questions 6 2.4 The research
methods 7 2.4.1 The research process 7 2.4.2 The role of the
researcher: the insider outsider perspective 8 2.4.3 The
explanation of procedures 9 2.4.3.1 Choosing informants 8 2.4.3.2
Formal in-depth interviews 9 2.4.3.3 Observational study 10 2.4.3.4
Methodological problems and limitations 10 2.4.3.5 Analyzing
reports, documents, books, and journals 11 2.4.4 The data analysis
11 III. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE 1998 ETHIOPIA AND 13
ERITREAN BORDER CONFLICT 3.1 Introduction 13 3.2 The geographical
description of the region 14 3.3 Historical Overview the region 14
3.4 The contribution of the colonial rule to the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict 18 3.4.1. Italy 18 3.4.2 Great Britain 22 3.5 The last
monarchy and the communist regime 25 3.6 The Eritrean secession in
1993 and the subsequent conflict in 1998 26 3.7 Summary of the
historical background to the conflict 28 IV. THE ROOT CAUSES OF THE
1998 ETHIO-ERITREAN CONFLICT 30 4.1 Introduction 30 4.2 The
economic causes to the conflict 30 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2 2 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2 2.4.2 The role of the researcher: the
insider outsider perspective FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.2 The role of the researcher: the
insider outsider perspective FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.3.2 Formal in-depth interviews FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.3.2 Formal
in-depth interviews 2.4.3.4 Methodological problems and limitations
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.3.4
Methodological problems and limitations 2.4.3.5 Analyzing reports,
documents, books, and journals FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.3.5 Analyzing reports, documents,
books, and journals 2.4.4 The data analysis FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 2.4.4 The data analysis FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any III. THE
HISTORICAL BACKGR FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any III. THE HISTORICAL BACKGR ERITREAN BORDER
CONFLICT FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any ERITREAN BORDER CONFLICT FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en TABLE
OF CONTENTS FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en TABLE OF CONTENTS List
of Figures FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en List of Figures I.
INTRODUCTION FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en I. INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the study FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 1.1
Background of the study 1.2 The statement of the problem FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 1.2 The statement of the problem
7. v 4.2.1 Unbalanced trade relations between Eritrea and
Ethiopia 31 4.2.2 The Nakfa introduction and the reconfiguration of
the Ethiopian birr 32 4.3 The social factors to the conflict 36
4.3.1 Personal rivalry in the leadership 36 4.3.2 The unmet deals
and grudges between the EPLF and the TPLF 39 4.4 Political factors
of the conflict 41 4.4.1 An overview of the border issue 41 4.4.2
The competition of the EPLF and the EPRDF for hegemony 44 4.4.3 The
Eritrean independence and its expansionist policy 45 4.4.4 The
internal political crisis of both countries 46 4.4.5 Ethnic
nationalism of Ethiopia and its contribution to the conflict 47
4.4.6 The issuance of a new regional map for the state of Tigray in
1997 50 4.5 External actors contribution to the conflict 51 4.5.1
The United States of America and its interest in the Horn 51 4.5.2
The Arab league and its interest in the region 51 4.6 Why did the
conflict escalate to the level of full-scale war? 52 V. THE EFFECT
OF ETHIO-ERITREAN CRISIS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TERMS 54
5.1 Introduction 54 5.2 The consequences of the war in terms of
lost lives 54 5.3 The economic cost of the war 57 5.3.1 Defense
expenditure 57 5.3.2 Impact on development 58 5.3.3 Trade relations
and peoples movement 60 5.3.4 Displacement of the population 61
5.3.5 Deportations of the people 62 5.4 The social impact of the
conflict 63 5.5 Political impact of the conflict 64 5.6 The
Ethio-Eritrean war and its implications for the Horn of Africa 64
VI. THE CONCEPT OF CONFLICT AND PEACE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN
TRANSFORMING THE ETHIO-ERITREAN CONFLICT 67 6.1 The theoretical
perspectives 67 6.1.1 The concept of conflict 67 6.1.2 The concept
of peace 70 6.1.3 The concept of sustainability 71 6.2 The methods
of sustaining peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict scenario 72
6.2.1 Addressing the socio-economic and political determinants 72
6.2.2 Healing the wounds of the society 72 6.2.3 Applying the
Lederach model to transform the Ethio- Eritrean conflict 73 6.3
Types of actors and approaches to peace building 77 6.4 Working
with religious communities towards peace 80 FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 50 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 50 51 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 51 V. THE EFFECT OF ETHIO-ERITREAN
CRISIS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any V. THE EFFECT OF ETHIO-ERITREAN CRISIS IN
SOCIO-ECONOMIC 5.2 The consequences of the war in terms of lost
lives FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
5.2 The consequences of the war in terms of lost lives 5.3.3 Trade
relations and peoples movement FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 5.3.3 Trade relations and peoples movement
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 60
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 60 61
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 61 5.4
The social impact of the conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 5.4 The social impact of the conflict
5.5 Political impact of the conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any 5.5 Political impact of the conflict
5.6 The Ethio-Eritrean war and its implications for the Horn of
Africa FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
5.6 The Ethio-Eritrean war and its implications for the Horn of
Africa VI. THE CONCEPT OF CONFLICT AND PEACE AND THEIR FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any VI. THE
CONCEPT OF CONFLICT AND PEACE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN
TRANSFORMING THE ETHIO-ERITREAN FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any IMPLICATIONS IN TRANSFORMING THE
ETHIO-ERITREAN FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any CONFLICT FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any CONFLICT FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.2.1
Unbalanced trade relations between Eritrea and Ethio FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.2.1 Unbalanced trade relations between
Eritrea and Ethio 4.2.2 The Nakfa introduction and the
reconfiguration of the Ethiopian birrFinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en 4.2.2 The Nakfa introduction and the reconfiguration of the
Ethiopian birr 4.3 The social factors to the conflict FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.3 The social factors to the conflict
4.3.1 Personal rivalry in the leadership FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en 4.3.1 Personal rivalry in the leadership 4.3.2 The unmet
deals and grudges between the EPLF and the TPLF FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en 4.3.2 The unmet deals and grudges between the EPLF
and the TPLF 4.4 Political factors of the conflict FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.4 Political factors of the conflict
4.4.1 An overview of the border issue FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en 4.4.1 An overview of the border issue 4.4.2 The competition of
the EPLF and the EPRDF for hegemony FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en 4.4.2 The competition of the EPLF and the EPRDF for hegemony
4.4.3 The Eritrean indepe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.4.3
The Eritrean indepe 4.4.4 The internal po FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en 4.4.4 The internal po 4.4.5 Ethnic nationalism of Et
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 4.4.5 Ethnic nationalism of
Et
8. vi 6.4.1 Christianity and peace 81 6.4.2 Islam and peace 82
6.4.3 Summary of the theoretical framework for peace 82 VII.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 84 7.1 Summary 84 7.2 Conclusion 86
BIBLIOGRAPHY 90 Annex 1. An excerpt of an Eritrean version of the
cause to the conflict 96 Annex 2. Map of Horn of Africa 101 FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 82FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 82
6.4.3 Summary of the theoretical framework for peace FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en 6.4.3 Summary of the theoretical
framework for peace VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en BIBLIOGRAPHY 90 FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en 90 Annex 1. An excerpt of an Eritrean ve FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en Annex 1. An excerpt of an Eritrean ve
Annex 2. Map of Horn of Africa FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en
Annex 2. Map of Horn of Africa
9. vii List of tables Table 1. Preliminary assessment of damage
caused by the war.59 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en List of tables
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en List of tables Table 1.
Preliminary assessment of FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Table 1.
Preliminary assessment of
10. viii List of Figures Figure 1. The Place Called
Reconciliation..75 Figure 2. Actors and Approaches to Peace
Building...78 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en List of Figures FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en List of Figures Figure 1. The Place
Called Reconciliation FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Figure 1.
The Place Called Reconciliation Figure 2. Actors and Approaches to
Peace Building...7 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Figure 2.
Actors and Approaches to Peace Building...7
11. ix ABSTRACT This research attempts to discover the main
reasons for the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that led them
to the deadly war of 1998. Although the major causes to the
conflict were the socio-economic and political instabilities within
the states, the international community and the population of the
two states understood border issue as predominant. The findings of
this research prove that the important causes to the war were
mainly economic, i.e., the unbalanced trade relations of Ethiopia
with the emerging state of Eritrea, and secondly, the introduction
of the new Eritrean currency known as Nakfa and Eritreas demand for
parity with the Ethiopian Birr, which Ethiopia rejected. The social
factors include rivalry, and the unmet deals and grudges between
the leaderships. As to the political factors to the conflict,
Eritrea pursued an expansionist policy, while Ethiopia issued the
new regional map of the Tigray state that included the contentious
territories as the dominant ones. The internal political problems
of both states were further causes to the conflict. To sustain
peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict situation, addressing the
socio-economic and political issues with due respect to
interdependence and mature diplomacy is vital. The top leaderships
of both states should further dialogue and negotiate to resolve
contentious issues, clearly demarcate the border, and focus on the
development of both states. This will bring structural justice,
democracy, stability and the rule of law to both warring nations.
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any emerging state
of Eritrea, and FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any emerging state of Eritrea, and e new Eritrean currency
known as Nakfa and Eritreas demand FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e new Eritrean currency known as
Nakfa and Eritreas demand rejected. The social factors include
rivalry, FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any rejected. The social factors include rivalry, ips. As to the
political factors to the FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ips. As to the political factors to the ionist
policy, while Ethiopia i FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ionist policy, while Ethiopia issued the new
regional map of FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any ssued the new regional map ofionist policy, while Ethiopia
issued the new regional map ofionist policy, while Ethiopia i
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ionist
policy, while Ethiopia issued the new regional map ofionist policy,
while Ethiopia i the contentious territories as FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any the contentious
territories as the dominant ones. The internal FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any the dominant ones. The
internal re further causes to the conflict. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re further causes to the
conflict.re further causes to the conflict. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re further causes to the
conflict.re further causes to the conflict. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re further causes to the
conflict.re further causes to the conflict. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re further causes to the
conflict.re further causes to the conflict. FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re further causes to the
conflict. To sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any To sustain
peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflictTo sustain peace in the
Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any To sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflictTo
sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any To sustain peace in the
Ethio-Eritrean conflictTo sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any To sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflictTo sustain peace
in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any To sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict situation, addressing th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any situation, addressing thsituation,
addressing th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any situation, addressing thsituation, addressing th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any situation,
addressing thsituation, addressing th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any situation, addressing thsituation,
addressing th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any situation, addressing thsituation, addressing th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any situation,
addressing thsituation, addressing th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any situation, addressing thTo sustain
peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict situation, addressing thTo
sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any To sustain peace in the
Ethio-Eritrean conflict situation, addressing thTo sustain peace in
the Ethio-Eritrean conflictTo sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict situation, addressing thTo sustain peace in the
Ethio-Eritrean conflict FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any To sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean conflict
situation, addressing thTo sustain peace in the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict ect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and
matureect to interdependence and mature FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ect to interdependence and mature
further dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate
tofurther dialogue and negotiate to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any further dialogue and negotiate to
clearly demarcate the border, and focus on th FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any clearly demarcate the
border, and focus on th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anystructural justice, democracy, stability FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anystructural
justice, democracy, stability FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en This
research attempts to discover the main FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M en This research attempts to discover the main Eritrea that led
them to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Eritrea that led them to
the deadly war of 1998. FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en the deadly
war of 1998. the socio-economic and political in FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en the socio-economic and political in the population of
the two states und FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en the population
of the two states und The findings of this research prove that th
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en The findings of this research
prove that th economic, i.e., the unbalanced trade FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en economic, i.e., the unbalanced trade
12. Chapter One: Introduction MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
Aymelo, ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. 1 I. INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the study Since the Italian colonization of Eritrea
in 1890, which was then part of Ethiopia, the peace situation in
the region and the relationship of Eritrea and Ethiopia has become
flimsy and disturbed. Even after the end of the colonial system,
Eritrea was again federated to Ethiopia. However, there is no
improvement in the peace situation. Many things contributed to such
a turbulent context. In terms of the socio-economic and political
situation of the region, the Horn of Africa and specifically
Ethiopia is neither prosperous nor democratic. Ethiopia and Eritrea
belong to the poorest nations in the world and the government
structures are poorly organized. As the result of these, conflict
often emerges in the region. During the time Eritrea existed as
part of Ethiopia, the nation building strategy was based on
ethnicity. The same theory has a lot to do with the ethnic- based
conflicts of the region. During the communist regime of Ethiopia
(1974-199 1), Eritreans fought the war against the Derg along with
the Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF). In 1991 they succeeded
in their mission to topple the communist regime, and Eritrea
officially seceded from Ethiopia under the international community
monitored referendum in 1993. This collaboration did not last as
the TPLF is not currently on good terms with the Eritrean regime
since 1997. The Ethiopian people for the most part, did not want
the secession. Furthermore, some Eritreans who have known the
significance of living together with Ethiopians rejected the
referendum and identified themselves with the Ethiopians. FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any However, there
is no improvement in the peace situation. Many things contributed
to such a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any However, there is no improvement in the peace situation. Many
things contributed to such a l situation of the region, the H
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any l
situation of the region, the H specifically Ethiopia is neither
prosperous nor democratic. Ethiopia and Eritrea belong to the
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
specifically Ethiopia is neither prosperous nor democratic.
Ethiopia and Eritrea belong to the poorest nations in the world and
the government structures are poorly organized. As the result of
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any poorest
nations in the world and the government structures are poorly
organized. As the result of ring the time Eritrea existed as part
of Ethiopia FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm
any ring the time Eritrea existed as part of Ethiopia nation
building strategy was based on ethnicity. The same theory has a lot
to do with the ethnic FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any nation building strategy was based on ethnicity.
The same theory has a lot to do with the ethnic During the
communist regime of Ethiopia (1974 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any During the communist regime of
Ethiopia (1974 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G
erm any with the Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF). In 1991
they succeeded in their FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any with the Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF).
In 1991 they succeeded in their mission to topple the communist
regime FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any
mission to topple the communist regime FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any international community monitored
referendum in 1993 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any international community monitored referendum in
1993 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en MA FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en MA- FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en -ICM Thesis, By
Worku M. FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en
INTRODUCTION FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the study FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en 1.1
Background of the study Since the Italian colonization of Eritrea
in 1890, which was then part of Ethiopia, the peace FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en Since the Italian colonization of Eritrea
in 1890, which was then part of Ethiopia, the peace situation in
the region and the relationship of Eritrea and Ethiopia has become
flimsy and FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en situation in the region
and the relationship of Eritrea and Ethiopia has become flimsy
and
13. Chapter One: Introduction MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
Aymelo, ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. 2 However, after the
establishment of the new state in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia did
not stop socio-economic relations until the war broke out in 1998.
The main reason for such a large war in the history of Ethiopia was
not so much a question of an unsettled border issue. More than this
there were several other reasons surrounding it, as we shall
discover. 1.2 The statement of the problem and justification of the
study The problem of the Ethio-Eritrean conflict is understood by
the international community as largely a border conflict. That is,
Eritrea is claiming its border was occupied by Ethiopia, while the
latter says the opposite. They both took arms to settle the issue,
nevertheless it was in vain. It is the view of many scholars,
however, that the border problem was actually a minor issue.
Therefore, is an issue that has misled the international community
as well as the inhabitants of the two countries. Thus, unearthing
the reasons behind the border issue that caused a deadly conflict
between Ethiopia and Eritrea is very significant and it is also
important to pinpoint the types of interventions that could enhance
possibly a sustainable peace in the region. 1.3 Exposition The
Ethiopian and Eritrean conflict is complex. It has multifaceted
dimensions and multiple dynamics. Nevertheless, one of the aspects
that is propagated as the main cause of the conflict is the border
issue. However, the socio-economic and political factors are the
main causes for the escalation of the conflict. Eritrea was once
part of Ethiopia and now is an independent state. Eritrea enjoyed a
tax-free trade relationship with Ethiopia until the war broke out,
which left the Ethiopian trade system in an unbalanced state. One
can argue that this was a major cause for the conflict. As the
history of the conflict indicates, colonial rule in Eritrea has
left a legacy of disparity which caused them to struggle for scarce
resources to be accessed through such an unbalanced trade system.
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any b FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any by FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any y E FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Eth FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th h FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any he FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ele FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any les FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ss FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s i FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any i tu FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tua FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any all FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any lly FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any y l FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ll FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any l a FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any as FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s t FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any h th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tha FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any at FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tata FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ataata FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ata c FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ca FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any au FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any uaua FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aua im FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any imp FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any pp FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any pp FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any pimpim FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any impim o FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any oo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any oo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any oo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any or FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any rr FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any rt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ta FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any an FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nana FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ana e FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e in FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any in t FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any he FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e a FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any an FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any n c FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any co FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any on FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nf FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any f , FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any , o FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any on FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ne FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e o FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any o H FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Ho FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ow FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any we FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ev FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any v th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any the FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e c FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any co FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any o FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en M FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en MA
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en A- FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en -I FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en IC FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en CM FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en M FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en s FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en st FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ta FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en ab FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en baba
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en aba li FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M en lis FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en sh FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en hm FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en m a FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en ati FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en tio
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en on FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en ns FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en s u FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en u f FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en f E FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en Et FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en th
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en hio FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en iop FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en p e FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en er FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en re FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en e s FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en se FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en ev FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ve
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en e 2 FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en 2
14. Chapter One: Introduction MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
Aymelo, ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. 3 External actors interest in
both Eritrea and Ethiopia for their strategic significance lends
another contribution to the conflict. Moreover, the impact of the
conflict on the population of both countries is immense. The death
and displacement of multitudes, loss of property, and the
underdevelopment of the countries were some of the effects. Without
addressing such multifaceted aspects of the conflict, one cannot
hope for sustainable peace and development in the region. Any kind
of intervention to maintain peace has to consider addressing the
socio-economic and political factors. The assumption here is that
Ethiopia and Eritrea cannot live alone. Ethiopia needs Eritrea and
vice-versa. Maintaining the notion of interdependence of the
communities of both countries is very important to sustain peace in
the region. Therefore, the thesis aims to analyze the causes to the
conflict and depending on the results, forward some recommendations
that can be useful to transform such conflict for positive change
and development of the region. 1.4 Objectives of the study This
research aims to understand and analyze factors beyond the border
issue that caused such a deadly conflict and its effects in both
countries and their implications to sustain peace in the region.
The study seeks for possible ways to address those factors behind
the border issue so that peace in the region may be established.
Promote the importance of interdependence of both countries, even
though they are independent states. Draw lessons on how to
intervene in conflict situations similar to this one. Make
recommendations on how to sustain peace in the region. FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th in FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inta FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tain FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any inin FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any in o FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any or FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any rta FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tan FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any t t FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any t n FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nf FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fl FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any lflf FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any flf ic FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ict FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any t n FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ns FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any sf FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ofof FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fof r FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any rm FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any m d FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyd a FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyaa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyaa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyaa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyaa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyan FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anynn FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anynd FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm anyd d FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any d it FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any its FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s e FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ef FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any f s FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s f FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ofof FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fof r FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any r p FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any po FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any o th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any the FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e r FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any re FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any eg FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any gio FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any io te FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any te th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any th FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en M FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en MA
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en A- FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en -I FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en IC FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en CM FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en M FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en t FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en t in FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en in b FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en bo FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en oth
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en th to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku
M en to th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en the FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en e c FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en co FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en on FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en n m
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en me FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ns FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en se FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en e. FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en . lo FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en lop FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en pm FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en me
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en nt FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en t W FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en Wi FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en it FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ho FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en ou FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ut
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en t a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en a
15. Chapter One: Introduction MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
Aymelo, ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. 4 1.5 The Scope of the study
With regard to its scope geographically this study focuses on the
location of Ethiopia and Eritrea located in the Horn of Africa.
Concerning the time, it mainly focuses on the period between the
fall of the communist regime in Ethiopia, 1991, and the beginning
of the Ethio- Eritrean war in 1998. We will go back and forth to
look at the history of the conflict and then its effects. The
reason for such a limitation of the scope is that at the
above-mentioned period, the relationship of both countries existed
largely at the state. That is, the conflict occurred after the
emergence of Eritrea as an independent state in 1993.
Socio-economic and political factors that fueled the conflict will
be the focus area of the research. FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam
o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
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;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
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;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any e FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any e is FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any is th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any th l FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any la FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ar FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any rara FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ara g FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ge FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any el FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ly FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any y s FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any s a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any an FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any nana FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ana in FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any in c FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any co FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any on FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any nf FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any fli FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any liflif FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any flif FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en M FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en MA FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en A-
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en -I FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en IC FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en CM FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en M FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en h FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en he FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en e S FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Sc FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en co FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en op
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en p e FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en eg FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ga FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en ar FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en rd FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en d t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en to FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en o E FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en Er
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en rit FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en itr FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en re FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en ea FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en a lo FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en lo p FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en pe
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en er FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en rio FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en iod FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en d b FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en b
16. Chapter Two: Methodology MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M. Aymelo,
ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. 5 II. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction
This chapter is based on the conviction that research should be
accompanied by accounts of how it was really done. Since decisions
about research instructions are made in gradual response to the
nature of the social setting being investigated as its nature is
revealed, every qualitative research design will be different. This
means that qualitative research has to show its workings every
single time. Furthermore, the researcher must justify choices made,
and in particular demonstrate how the overall strategy is
appropriate to the social setting and the researcher-subject
relationships within it (Adrian 2002:7-9). Qualitative research is
based on a conviction that what is important to look for will
emerge and this is precisely the conviction that guided the
researcher in this thesis, (ibid, p.6). When setting out for my
fieldwork, I wanted to see which issues came up, and thus was very
flexible during my research. This methodology chapter will describe
the hypothesis of the research, the research questions, and the
methods of the research. The methods of the research will further
elaborate the research process and procedures, methodological
limitations, and the way the data was analyzed. 2.2 Hypothesis of
the study It is evident that every study has its own hypothesis.
Based on that, there are several assumptions for this study as
well. The first assumption of the study is that the reason for the
Ethio-Eritrean 1998-2000 deadly conflict was not just a border
issue. The working simple hypothesis of the study is that
socio-economic and political reasons are the major causes of the
conflict rather than the border issue. The conflicting parties are
misleading the international community as if the cause for it is
merely the border issue. FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any to FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any o show FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any show s FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any s m FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ma FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ade FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any de se FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any set FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any tt FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ti FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ing FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ng c FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ch FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any h i FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any is FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any s ba FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ba y FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any y t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any tt FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any tt FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any the FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any hehe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any hehe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any hehe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any hehe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any hehe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any he c FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any convi FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any onvi f FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ff FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any fi FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ii FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ii FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ifif FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any fiffif FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any fif e FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ee FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ee FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ee FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any el FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ll FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ll FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ldw FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any dw r FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any re FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ee FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ee FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ese FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any sese FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any sese FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any sese FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any sese FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any sea FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ar FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any rc FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any c c FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ch FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any h que FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any que a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anyat FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anyte FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anye t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anyth FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anyhe FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm anye a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ana FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any nal FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ly FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any yz FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any zyzy FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any yzy o FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any of FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any f t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any th FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any he FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any e nt FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any nt t FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any tha FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH
;Berlin,G erm any ha FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en T FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en The FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en hes
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en si FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en is FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en s, FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en , B FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en B FinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en OFinalM asterThesis
ofW orku M en OGFinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en GYFinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en Y e FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en er
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en r i FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en is FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en s ba FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en ba a FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en as FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en s r FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en re
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ea FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en al FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ll FinalM asterThesis ofW
orku M en ly FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en y na FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M en nat FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en tur
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M en ure FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M
en e
17. 6 Chapter Two: Methodology MA-ICM Thesis, By Worku M.
Aymelo, ASFH, Berlin, Germany, 2007. Secondly, the international
communities have contributed significantly to the conflict in the
process of conflict escalation and at the same time in conflict
de-escalation. Thirdly, ethnic nationalism that was introduced in
Ethiopia since 1991 has also contributed negatively to the
conflict. Fourthly, strategically addressing the reasons behind the
conflict is the sole solution to sustain peace in the region. This
study will work with the hypothesis that the conflict was between
the leading elite but not at the level of the general populace and
that there were social dynamics between the two groups that
aggravated the situation. Thus, to sustain peace in the region one
should also note those divides and commonalities and work on
addressing the gaps. Here the assumption is that interdependence
between the two countries is very important and should be
maintained. Lastly, if the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea
cannot find a final solution, the peace and security of the Horn of
Africa would be endangered. For example, the conflict between the
Union of Islamic Courts in Somalia (UICS) and the Ethiopian
government in December 2006 was implicated as the proxy war of
Eritrea and Ethiopia. That is, both contenders (Ethiopia and
Eritrea) changed the battlefield from Badme to Somalia, the
Eritreans supporting the UICS, the Ethiopians supporting the TFGS.
2.3 Research questions Every study has questions that need to be
answered in the process of its investigation. This study is no
exception. This research aims to seek answers to questions such as:
what are the factors behind the border issue to the Ethio-Eritrean
conflict and their implications to sustainable peace in the region?
How is it possible to address the socio-economic problems that both
countries face and how do such proposed solutions enhance the
FinalM asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
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asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ha FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any hat FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any t popul FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any popula FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ac FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ce FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any e d FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any d t FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any the FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any he di FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any divi FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any vide FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any des FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s i FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any is FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any s t FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any tha FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any hat FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any t m FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ma FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ai FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ii FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ii FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ii FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any int FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ntnt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ntnt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ntnt FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nta FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ai FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any i opi FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any opia FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any a a FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any aa FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any and FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ndnd FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any ndnd FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any nd A FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any Af FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any fr FinalM
asterThesis ofW orku M enam o,ASFH ;Berlin,G erm any rr FinalM
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