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DiscoveringMAAT

Rev 2001.03

SISTRE International March 15th

2001

Agios NikolaosPortaria / Volos37011 GREECEFAX (30) 428-90-059E-mail sistre@hol.gr

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Notice:

The information contained in this manual is subject to change without any notice SISTRE International shall not

be liable for any errors contained in this document. SISTRE MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ANYKIND WITH

REGARD TO THIS DOCUMENT, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. SISTRE SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SISTRE shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based oncontract, tort, or any other legal theory, in connection with the furnishing of this document or the use of the information

in this document.

Warranty Information

A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your SISTRE product and replacement parts can he obtained

from your local Sales and Service Office.

Restricted Rights Legend:

Use of this manual and media supplied for this product are restricted. Additional copies of the software can bemade for security and backup purposes only. Resale of the software in its present form or with alterations is expressly

prohibited.

This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Reproduction,

adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

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Printing History:

Original Edition: October 1st 1989First PC Edition: January 1st 1997Second PC Edition: January 1st 1998Third PC Edition: February 1st 1999Fourth PC Edition: March 15th 2000

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Welcome !

Welcome to MAAT and its unique surface modelling features. Specially designed for Naval Architects and MarineEngineers, its power and versatility will allow you to make in hours what you made in days.

Let us here tell you briefly why!

As a ship designer, you certainly know that almost every ship component depend on a small amount of complexsurfaces. When the preliminary design is achieved, ship optimisation starts: All the design constraints must here becombined cleverly and accuracy becomes a must: The best compromise is generally close to the limit, which must belocated without any ambiguity.

Surprisingly, in spite of the growing number of ship design software, the need for an efficient and reliable loftingprogram has remained unsatisfied.

It seems that the "ready to use" NURBS and B-Spline algorithms, systematically used for ship design, onlyprovides basic surface modelling features which are only sufficient for solving simple design problems. Moreover, NURBSalso bring serious limitations to designer's freedom:

A) Surface continuity cannot change across a boundary.

B) Double lines and triangular patches are prohibited.

C) All NURBS patches must exist simultaneously.

D) Knot vector cannot vary for different surface boundaries, which may produce an unrealistic surface behaviour.

For example, although they are quite classical, most of the examples of this manual cannot be totally faired on aNURBS program, preventing the designer to pass the preliminary design step and keeping computer aided manufacturingout of reach.

Starting from this analysis, SISTRE has implemented the NURBS theory since 1980, removing these unpleasantlimitations and providing dozens of specialised functions for a deeper surface control:

-Classical NURBS modellers generally allow to insert / remove and move control points: MAAT provides morethan 80 oriented functions to make the surface work faster, accurate and better !

-Trimming curves and snakes are usually defined as Splines: MAAT includes a complete 3D drafting module(nearly 100 functions) allowing to set openings, stiffeners, welding joints... quickly and accurately.

- NURBS modellers are rarely designed for managing a large amount of surfaces: MAAT provides an easy to useobject oriented browser designed to support the thousands of surface objects that describe the project.

- Classical NURBS modellers rarely provide a quick link to high level hydrostatic calculations: MAAT includes afull high-end hydrostatic package.

MAAT's unique geometric engine is probably the most powerful available for ship design.

At last, this ability to master construction precision from the first design steps till the final lofting is the reason whyMAAT has become an integrated tool, tightly combining surface and wire modelling with high-end hydrostatic tools and acomplete 2D / 3D drafting module.

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Program History:

CIRCE 3D's original surface approach has been developed since 1980, and a first hull modelling software wasdeveloped on a HP 85 personal computer in 1981 with the kind co-operation of "Groupe GRAAL" in Paris. It became wellknown as the first marine oriented hull surface modeller available on desktop computers.

CIRCE 3D has been redesigned in 1983 for the HP 9816S, one of the first affordable 16 bits desktop computersand then grew on HP series 9000 computers. In 1986, CIRCE 3D moved from HP 9000 series 200 computers to the newhigh end HP 9000 series 300 workstations. CIRCE 3D became French Navy's hull definition standard and was adoptedby a growing number of shipyards and design offices in France as well as all over the world.

In 1987, a research partnership has been signed between the French Ministry of Industry, two well known Frenchshipyards and SISTRE, in order to extend CIRCE 3D's use to structure generation. This extension, named MAAT-ST, hasthen been achieved in 1991, both satisfying shipyards for construction and designers for superstructure and arrangementdesign.

Finally, HP focused exclusively on RISC / UNIX workstations in 1992, discontinuing the hardware and operatingsystem needed by CIRCE 3D and MAAT-ST. As PCs had become powerful enough to run professional CAD-CAMsoftware, SISTRE, like many other workstation software companies, decided to translate all its software products in C++ /

Windows in 1993. The other goal of this total redesign was to unify both software products in a single integrated one.

A very first Windows 3.11 version has been launched in 1996 and a redesigned Win32 version in 1997 for

Windows 95 and NT 4.0. Finally, this 2000.03 version represents 200% of CIRCE 3D and 170% of MAAT-ST in terms ofcode size, providing the totality of CIRCE 3D and about 80% of MAAT-ST.

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What is new since 1998:

1998 has been focused on making the existing code more reliable and the rest of HP CIRCE 3D functionsavailable under Windows 95 and NT 4.0. This 99.01 release now provides more than 95% of them, but also allows muchmore. As a counterpart of these priorities, HP MAAT functions didn't grow in the same proportion during 1998: only 50%of them are available in this release and they are now the priority for 1999.

The main 1998 developments are the followings:

- Improvement of IGES output interface.- IGES input interface (NURBS, trimming curves, bound lines).- Interactive plating (simulates B-Spline / NURBS work).- Improved 3D management of display scaling coefficients.- Global wireframe connection allowing to connect together lines coming from various wireframes.- Primitive generators (plane, cylinder, cone, torus, sphere, box...).- Installation of a surface Dressing menu (HP MAAT's "Draft in Plate"). Will be completed in 1999.- Surface " explosion" and concatenation.- Variable Translation, scaling and rotation.- Hydrostatic transformation.

- Wire integrator.- Process of additional moments in transversal stability.- User defined additional volumes can be processed in hydrostatic computations- Margin lines can be selected, allowing to compute downflooding angle, min freeboard and floodable length.- Computation of floodable length.- Easy compartment generation for damage process with permeability and liquid effect.- Management of complex float sets for advanced hydrostatic computations.- Fog effects available in rendering.- Improved transparency process in rendering.- Integration of bitmap files in rendering scenes.- Background bitmaps calibrations are now stored with project data.- Shortcuts are now available for bitmap selection ([Ctrl][0], [Ctrl][1], [Ctrl][2]....)

- Wire rendering available as well as surface rendering....

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What is new since 1999:

First of all, please notice that product names have changed according to program unification:

-CIRCE Lite is now referenced as MAAT Lite.-CIRCE Plus is now referenced as MAAT Plus.-CIRCE-MAAT is now referenced as MAAT Pro.

1999 has been focused on converting the MAAT code, although CIRCE also received significant improvements.This 2000.03 release now provides all the CIRCE 3D functions and about 80% of MAAT ones. Our goal is therefore to getall the MAAT drafting functions available by this autumn and to achieve the geometric builder before next revision.

The main 1999 developments are the followings:

CIRCE:

- Dockable toolbars- Automatic recall of last files (MRU).- File drag and drop is now supported.- IGES Implementation.- Compartment cutting- Improved compartment property setting.- Compartments status output.- Improved hydrostatic layout.- Progressive immersion of additional volumes.- Automatic wire reduction (removal of unnecessary knots and order reduction).- Automatic reduction of huge DXF Files.- Basic HPGL input interface.

- OFE input and output interface (for VPPs).- Stability criteria management.- Max KGs computation.- User upgradable hull database for starting new projects in a snap.- Advanced wire geometric control (Explore Line).- User upgradable wingsection library.- Direct Keel and bulb generation.- Automatic lines plan generation.- Panning available with middle mouse button- Documents produced by CIRCE are now managed internally, storable with the project and modifiable with the

drafting module.- Real time surface integration and weight display in the browser.

MAAT:

-Expanded profile can be used as drafting view.-Classical snap modes are supported.-Model projection in current document.-Outline, iso-u / iso-v generation.-User or Grid sectioning-Surface intersection.-Free or canonical geodesic computation.-Gaussian main curvature line computation.-Straight Line / 2 Dots-Straight Line Dot + Slope

-Straight Line Tangent + Slope-Straight Line Tangent 1 Line-Straight Line Normal 1 Line-Straight Line Cross 1 Line

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-Straight Line Parallel-Straight Line Intermediaries-Straight Line Bisecting-Axes-Circle Radius + Center-Circle Radius + 1 Tangent-Circle Center + 1 Dot-Circle 2 Dots-Circle 3 Dots-Circle Tangent 1 Line + Dot-New Polygon-New Spline-Blend-Unblend-Compose-Insert-Trim In-Trim Out-End on Line-Split-Merge-Loop-Parallel

-Chamfer-Fillet-Punch-Free Intermediary Line-Equidistant Intermediary Lines-Line Explosion-Line reduction-Automatic or manual outline inclusion (holes) or exclusion.-New Text / Text Modify-Support of a user upgradable templates database.-Round rectangle primitive.- Classical 2D transformations in real time, 2 clicks or numeric mode.

...

The MAAT-Pro 3D drafting / geometric building functions are not all available yet in this version and will thereforebe documented in next issue.

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What is new since 2000:

Year 2000 has still been focused on converting the MAAT code, so that this 2001.03 release provides at lastalmost all the MAAT functions. Major improvements that waited for these years could then be started:

-High level weight management.-Parametric management of materials, plate thickness, ribband sections and fittings.

The main 2000 developments are the followings:

CIRCE:

- New Control Panel allowing to check set instantly ship's status in terms of mass, liquid effect, flooding etc...- Automatic generation of compartmentation plans.- Generation of a complete ship status estimate.- Computation of longitudinal strength.

MAAT:

- Improved layer and linetype masking possibilities- Improved layer and linetype 2D selection.- New Mass objects allowing to describe weight distributions and complete current model's mass descriptors.- Trimmed surface intersections.- Compartment intersection.- Automatic generation of

The MAAT-Pro 3D drafting / geometric building functions are not all available yet in this version and will therefore

be documented in next issue.

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What is In This Manual:

This manual contains all the information you need for installing, running and mastering MAAT. It is thereforemade of distinct sections corresponding to different steps:

-The information you need for starting is in Part 1: Introduction.-The information you need for training is in Part 2: A Quick Tutorial.

-The reference data are in Part 3: Functions Reference.-The miscellaneous information you may rarely need is in Part 4: Appendix.

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Contents:

Part I: Introduction

Software Requirements 13

Hardware Requirements 14

Software Installation 15

A Few Remarks Before Starting 16

Part II: Tutorial

Lesson 0: Do Your Own Demo 18

Lesson 1: Program Organisation 31

Lesson 2: Data Organisation and Browser's Menu 32

Lesson 3: Screen's Organisation 36

Lesson 4: Starting a new Project from Scratch 39

Lesson 5: Entering the Basic Ship Lines 42

Lesson 6: Creating a First Surface 46

Lesson 7: Adding a Stem Cone 49

Lesson 8: Defining the Keel 52

Lesson 9: Controlling Hydrostatic Data: 55

Lesson 10: Computing Geometric Data and Getting a Table of Offsets: 60

Lesson 11: Defining the Deck and Transom: 61

Lesson 12: More about Wireframes 65

Lesson 13: Using Backgrounds efficiently: 67

Lesson 14: Starting from a table of offsets 70

Lesson 15: Starting from a DXF file: 74

Lesson 16: Rendering: 77

Lesson 17: Hard chines and developable plates: 85

Lesson 18: Finishing the hard chines 90

Lesson 19: Plate Expansion: 94

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Lesson 20: A Cargo ship hull with parallel middle body (first method): 95

Lesson 21: Finishing the cargo ship hull: 102

Lesson 22: Hull Transformations: 107

Lesson 23: A Cargo ship hull with parallel middle body (second method): 112

Lesson 24: Advanced Hydrostatic: 123

Part III: Functions Reference

MAAT Menus 133

Browser's Menu 134

Wire Menu 135

Surface Menu 137

Wireframe Menu 139

3D Building Menu 140

Hydrostatic Menu 141

Part IV: Appendix

Appendix 1: Recovering HP CIRCE 3D and HP MAAT files 143

Appendix 2: Converting files with PCLIF 144

Appendix 3: Converting HP CIRCE 3D files to MAAT /Windows 145

Appendix 4: Transferring large HP files with CUTUP 146

Appendix 5: Major changes for HP-CIRCE 3D / HP-MAAT users 147

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Part I: Introduction

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Software requirements:

MAAT runs under Windows 95, 98 or Windows NT 4.0 / Windows 2000. Windows 3.11 and Windows NT 3.52 areno longer supported since 1998.

Although MAAT can be used with any resolution without any problem, the best layout is obtained with thefollowing configuration:

1600x1200 pixelsTrue colour (24 bits / pixel)Large font

Although the program can be used as a stand alone application, it has been designed to be combined with aspreadsheet like Microsoft EXCEL (or any spreadsheet reading and storing *.csv files) and a drafting program likeAutocad (or any drafting tool reading and storing 2D / 3D *.DXF files for Autocad version 12). All the produced data canalso be exported to any 3D application reading IGES (*.igs) files containing NURBS surface and line models (sets arestored as entity 402, surfaces are stored as entity 128, lines are stored as entity 126 if free or 142 when parametricallybound to a surface). These IGES entities can also be imported by MAAT from *.igs files. Moreover, for obvious reasons,former HP BASIC / HTB versions can also exchange data with MAAT / Win32 (see appendix).

If you plan to use CSV files for exchanging data with your spreadsheet, make sure that the semicolon ';' isselected as the tabulation separator (this can be selected from your spreadsheet) and that the dot '.' is selected as thedecimal separator (this Windows selection can be done by selecting /Start/Parameters/Configuration Panel/LocalParameters/Numbers).

As the original *.maa file format is continuously enriched, old *.maa files are automatically detected and read asnew ones but the previous versions cannot read new files directly (you must save them in the very first *.maa format with"/Export HP MAAT" function. But you should normally never have to do this).

In any case, open the "readme.txt" file to read the last minute information about this version.

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Hardware requirements:

Although a 486 processor allows to run the program, a Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium II or Pentium IIIprocessor is recommended with at least 128Mb RAM and more than 100 Mb of Hard Disk space.

MAAT can run in VGA / 16 colours mode but higher resolutions like 1280x1024 must be considered as a

minimum for professional use (see above). Moreover, although 8 bit / 256 colours are sufficient for current modellingtasks, 16 24 or 32 bits colour depth are necessary if you plan to use 3D rendering functions (A 128 bits / 250 MHzgraphics accelarator with 8Mb RAM supplies good performances with a 1600x1280x24 bit resolution. MAAT doesn't useany DirectX, OpenGL or special graphic function). A 21" monitor of good quality is also recommended.

A Windows compatible printer is also required for outputs. As MAAT / Win32 operates through Windows GDI.

A 33 600bps Modem is recommended if you want to receive quick software updates via Internet and send us yourexpectations or your data files in case of problem. Our E-mail is sistre@hol.gr.

At last, a scanner may be necessary if you plan to digitise existing drawings: Lesson 13 explains this acquisitionmode. Of course, tablet users can also fix their drawings on their tablet in order to digitise them in the HP-CIRCE 3D way.

Although colour scanners are now common, black and white scans are the only necessary data for this recopy job; colourscans are beautiful but produce heavy files that considerably slow down display time for nothing. As a general rule,remember that bitmap files must never exceed 1Mb to be usable as MAAT background, the smallest size being the best.

HP users will probably first feel that Windows mouse is less convenient than HP A4 / A3 tablet: Any low costtablet like Wacom or Summagraphics A4 or A3 models can easily replace the mouse. But a mouse-like cursor or "puck"must be preferred to digitising pens that don't allow clicking without altering cursor's position.

At last, a dongle is supplied with regular software licence, allowing to use the program without any limitation, butprogram automatically turns to demo mode (storage functions become frozen) when no SISTRE dongle is connected. Thesoftware can then be copied anywhere for demo purpose as only a SISTRE dongle will allow storing the produced data(please, notice that your dongle will only be replaced if you return the old one).

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Software installation:

To install the program, follow these steps:

-Insert MAAT installation CD ROM in your CD-ROM drive-Select /Start/Parameters/Configuration Panel

-Double click on "Add / Remove program-Click on [Install] button-Click on [Next] button and let Windows find CD-ROM's installation program.

-When started, follow the installation procedure.

-When installation process is done, open the "readme.txt" file to check the latest installation notes: As a SISTREdongle has to be connected in printer's port, dongle drivers must be installed according to the "readme.txt" specificationsto avoid any printer conflict. You also normally have to install these drivers if you only use a demo version without anydongle.

Assuming that you installed MAAT in the default C:\Maat directory, the following subdirectories are installed:

-C:\Maat\Bmpfiles: Contains the bitmap files needed by tutorial lessons.-C:\Maat\Dongle_Drivers: Contains the drivers you have to install first (see above).-C:\Maat\ExampleFiles: Contains the reference files you will need or produce in this tutorial.-C:\Maat\Help: Contains MAATs online help files (you dont have to open them).-C:\Maat\Utilities: Contains conversion utilities for HP CIRCE & MAAT users.-C:\Maat\SampleFiles: Contains typical data produced by HP/PC MAAT.-C:\Maat\ProgData: Contains the upgradable database files used by MAAT.

The sample files are the followings:

-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\Yacht.maa: A classical wooden yacht.-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\MotorYacht.maa: A classical wooden Motor Yacht.-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\MaxiYacht.maa: Motor Yacht design (thanks to OCEANCO / Franck MARTIN).

-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\Open60.maa: Yacht design (thanks to Erwan QUEMAR).-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\Structure.maa: Structural design (thanks to OCEA / Alain TOBIE).-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\Block.maa: Structural design (thanks to REDS / Stefano ROSSI).-C:\Maat\SampleFiles\Transom.maa: Superstructure design (thanks to Daniel ANDRIEU).

The data files are the followings:

-C:\Maat\ProgData\Wingsections.maa: User upgradable Wingsection library.-C:\Maat\ProgData\Initial.maa: User modifiable initialisation file used as default new project.-C:\Maat\ProgData\RefHulls.maa: User upgradable hull database used by "New Hull" function.-C:\Maat\ProgData\Templates.maa: User upgradable template library used for drafting (MAAT-Pro).

All these files can be opened like ordinary MAAT files and modified / completed according to your needs. In thiscase, don't forget to restore them with the same name and path if you want your modifications to be taken into account.

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A few remarks before starting:

This manual is the fourth update of former HP CIRCE 3D's "Example Manual" first published in 1989. We renewour thanks to Dominique PRESLES who wrote the original manual and designed most of the examples we will use (theyare real projects now constructed and sailing for years).

This manual contains 4 distinct parts:

Part I: Contains useful installation and general information.Part II: Allows to master most of MAAT features by gradual lessons.Part III: Lists MAAT functionalities in a compact and handy form.Part IV: Explains how HP users can use the utility programs to recover their HP data files.

If you already know HP CIRCE 3D, this tutorial will allow you to master quickly this new C++ / Windows version

as the basic concepts and techniques are still valid. But, as many new concepts have been introduced, and as Windows

environment is far from HP BASIC, this doesn't mean this training will be effortless!

Conversely, new comers won't feel such unpleasantness due to habit changes but will have to focus theirattention on MAAT's peculiarities.The wayMAAT/Win32 allows to create and handle complex lines and surfaces is not

conventional and must be accurately studied to get a maximum profit of it.

In order to focus on software operation, no recall concerning Windows 95 / NT 4.0 / 2000 will appear in this

manual. Although MAAT operation only refers to Windows basic concepts, Windows new comers will have betterbecome first familiar to this environment before starting this tutorial. Although beginners rarely take time to study atutorial, we hope this manual will retain their attention and help them to save time and become quickly an expert.

Lesson 0, that won't take you more than 30 minutes, is specially designed to allow a quick start and, let's hope, tomake you curious about the other lessons.

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Part II: A Quick Tutorial

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Lesson 0: Do your own demo:

As a new comer, you would certainly appreciate having a quick program overview before studying the nextlessons in detail.

Dominique PRESLES, who designed 2 examples of this manual and wrote its first version, allowed us to use this

plate coming from his book * to which any user can refer as a reference ship design document:

Although this 50' aluminium yacht, whose design on MAAT began by this sketch, is now constructed and sailingfor years, simulating its hull design will probably be the best introduction to this tutorial.

Before running the program, let us remark that, although only few lines are drawn with a free hand precision,designer's ideas concerning surface's organisation are relatively clear and allow him to:

-Fix design stations at -1.800m, 0.000m, 4.000m and 8.000m.-Split the body plan in 4 longitudinal strakes roughly associated to surface curvature distribution.

As this lesson is only an introduction, we will not yet focus on details in order to cover quickly a wide range oftopics. Nevertheless, this introduction should normally allow you to create and study a simple project on MAAT in less

than an hour.

We initialised a project (sectioning grids, perpendiculars, loading condition...) and scanned this document asexplained in lesson 13, so that you just have to run the program, select /File/Open Project and open

"/Maat/ExampleFiles/Discovery.maa" to start directly the significant work. Please, notice that if you didn't install MAAT inits default "C:\Maat" directory, you will be asked to browse the necessary bitmap files at loading time.

What you will see first won't yet look like a ship: The file you loaded has its own internal hierarchy in which you

can navigate like with Windows Explorer. This hierarchy allowed us to store the final data in " What you finally get":

You can open it like a Windowsdirectory and double click on " Hull" to preview the work of this lesson. Finally, return

to the project browser by clicking (program manages an unlimited Undo / Redo stack) or selecting "/File/End Builder.

We will here assume that x represents half breadths, y the heights, z the lengths and that the origin is located atAP / Dwl intersection (these are the project data we selected for you in the initial file).

* "Architechture Navale, Connaissance et Pratique" by Dominique PAULET & Dominique PRESLES. Ed. de La Villette.

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You will first have to click on the project root " Discovery" in order to make it selected like a Windowsitem and

then right click for selecting "New Set". Enter "Hull" and click [OK] to create a new workspace named " Hull". Theshortest way to start a new hull is then to click on the created set in order to highlight it and then right click to select " NewHull Surface" in the contextual menu.

A dialog box appears, allowing to create a new hull from current library. This library, named"\ProgData\RefHulls.maa", can of course be opened and transformed according to your needs and preferences: Weintroduced this example hull among the initial ones as you would normally do for your significant projects. You can tryselecting different hulls and dimensions in order to explore the library and look at dimension's influence. Finally, set thefollowing data, name the new surface "Hull" and click [OK].

The empty set " Hull" now contains the new " Hull" surface we have created. You just have to double clickon it to enter in the surface modeller: Hull now appears squared by an iso-parametric network, its boundaries being red orgreen according to their nature. The hull we have created from the library corresponds exactly to the initial sketch wescanned, as this example has been specially prepared for beginners. Of course, starting from a hull library is only one ofthe numerous hull creation modes provided by MAAT, the others being discussed in the next lessons. Its main advantageis to provide instantly a starting base to modify, which is exactly what we need for this introduction.

The main views being already scanned, registered and scaled in the initial file, you will only have to use shortcutsto select the background you need (notice that only left-side numeric keys are accepted as shortcuts):

[Ctrl][0]: clear background.[Ctrl][1]: profile view.[Ctrl][2]: plan view.[Ctrl][3]: after body plan.[Ctrl][4]: fore body plan.

etc...

Zooming with , panning with , scaling with and fitting with are also possible with bitmaps but

changing current projection with , , , , , , or resetting display with automatically returns to

the default clear background. Click , set horizontal scaling to 0.5 and let vertical scaling set to 1.0: We have now ashorter display allowing to control profile and plan view more easily.

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Click on to display lines smoothly and on to select the following display options in order to show currentsurface sections instead of iso-parametrics (these sections are here calculated roughly to be displayed in real time.Smooth sectioning is done at surface validation time):

At last, select /Plating/Interactive Plating and set the plating options as follows (plating Splines will have natural

zero curvature extremities in U and V):

You can now move cursor on any surface knot, press left button and move knot freely while keeping left buttonpressed: Surface and associated sections are instantly updated when button is released. You can continue setting knotson any view or bitmap and try various scaling factors as long as necessary, double clicking a knot allowing to enter itscoordinates and weight from the keyboard whenever necessary. "/Line/Insert Iso" also allows do insert additional controllines anywhere, "/Line/Dissolve" allowing to remove them. At last, you can return to a clear background by pressing[Ctrl][0] if you want to modify ship lines freely or select any of the previous bitmaps with corresponding shortcuts.

Click and validate current view to look at the ship in 3D: You can adjust point of view by pressing [Alt][Ctrl][], [Alt] [Ctrl][v], [Alt] [Ctrl][^] and pan with [Ctrl][], [Ctrl][v], [Ctrl][^]. [Ctrl][+],[Ctrl][-] are zoom / unzoom shortcuts and [Ctrl][F] allows to return to the full view.

You can now click on to select display optionsand select the following display options:

We selected "XY Slope" for a medium level (first order) fairness control, keeping the "Smooth shading" check boxunchecked to show iso-slopes for a sharper control.

The following shading modes are also available:

-Gouraud "Rendering" for a zero order control.-"XY, YZ or ZX Slope" for a first order control.-"XY, YZ or ZX Curvature" for a second order control.-"Double curvature" for locating critical areas according to a given bending radius (see help file).

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Station iso-slopes are then displayed (i.e. the lines along which station slope is constant) allowing to controlsmoothness accurately. Curvature control can be displayed as well but is harder to control by moving surface knots,revealing how sensitive is the fairing work and showing the limits of this user-friendly interactive technique. Free-handsculpturing is a convenient approach for sketching simple forms, but becomes tedious when you want to do more. This iswhy MAAT also provides the dozens of additional functions and modelling techniques which are presented in the nextlessons.

Let us click on again to return to the previous "No Shading" display mode and select /Tools/Geometric Data

to compute current surface data. Click [OK] when you have controlled the data, select /Tools/Offsetting and validate

default offsetting parameters directly: The displayed table of offsets can be printed by clicking or exported to a

spreadsheet in "*.csv" format by selecting /File/Export CSV. It can also be exported in a 2D "*.dxf" file to most of draftingprograms by selecting /File/Export DXF. At last, select /File/Exit and confirm returning to surface menu.

Select /Tools/Lines Plan and set the layout options as follows:

Notice that you can print or export current document with corresponding buttons, but let us click on the [Send]button which gives access to an important feature of MAAT. The following dialog box appears:

As a consequence of its complete object orientation, sending data allows retaining any of MAAT outputs withinthe project data for any later use, modification or specific plot. Outputs can thus be sent anywhere in the project,

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becoming storable like any other MAAT object. The upper selector allows selecting document destination path and thelower to enter its name, but we can direcly click [OK] to validate the default settings. To make this export obvious, click

again on [Send] button and look at the destination nodes: A " Lines Plan" document is now created.

But let us continue exploring the surface control functions before opening this document: Select/Tools/Hydrostatic and set options as follows (this selection is needed to allow processing asymmetric hulls):

Select /Calculate/New Waterplane to get current hydrostatic features. Select "Load" from the selector and then

select "Basic Loading" from the load selector, entering the following data:

Ship's longitudinal and transversal balance data is then displayed. Click [OK] to exit and to set the following

display options, in order to display heeled waterplane:

Click to display heeled floatation on half-breadth view, click select /Calculate/Transversal Stability and

enter the following parameters (you can directly select "Basic Loading" from the loading selector):

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Stability computation allows seeing how floatation and hull's mean line are influenced by heel and trim. Moreover,when computation is finished, a horizontal slider also allows inspecting the curve and a [+] button to control accurately

any intermediary ship status. Click [OK] to exit intact stability, click to return to perspective view and select/Compartment/Cut Transversal (compartment division and damaged stability are only available on MAAT-Plus andMAAT-Pro). Click current hull and set cutting options as follows to cut current hull in 2 compartments:

Repeat this cutting on the after compartment with the following parameters:

Select /Compartment/Cut Longitudinal, click "Middle" and set cutting options as follows to create a side ballast:

Select /Compartment/Set Properties, click the fore compartment and set compartment properties as follows:

Select /Calculate/New Waterplane to get new hydrostatic features. Notice that different ways are available for

defining the computed waterplane:

-"Immersion + Heel": Allows to define the waterplane by fixing its heel angle, FP and AP drafts.

-"Displacement + Trim + Heel": Allows to find the waterplane corresponding to ship's balance, displacement,

heel, FP and AP drafts being fixed.

-"Load + Heel": Allows to find the waterplane corresponding to ship's balance, displacement, centre of gravity

and heel being fixed.

-"Load ": Allows to find the waterplane corresponding to ship's balance, displacement and centre of gravity being

fixed, heel being free.

You can here select "Load" again from the selector, to compute new ship balance with previous loading data: Theincidence of damage is now obvious in terms of heel and trim.

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Click [OK], select /Compartment/Set Properties again, click the ballast and set ballastt properties as follows:

Ballast being now 50% filled of seawater, select /Calculate/Transversal Stability again: Previous loading data

are now completed by ballast load. Select the following parameters to start stability at -20heel (in order to covertransversal balance):

Click [OK] to compute ship's damaged stability with liquid effect and compare these results to the previous ones.Click on [Stability Criteria] button, select IMO A749 in the upper selector and set the following parameters:

You can now check the compliance of this damaged case with the selected stability criteria, provided that anopening was already defined in the initial file, as explained in lesson 24, to allow computing the downflooding angle.

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Every stability constraint appears here with a green light when satisfactory, a red light when unsatisfactory, or an"off" light when the value could not be found:

When this global stability control is finished, you can check the "Show MS Curve" checkbox to add MS curve toGZ and area curves and click [OK] to look at the stability curve. Like for intact stability, you can explore the stability withthe horizontal slider and check any intermediary floatation with [+] button. Moreover, like for any MAAT output, you canprint, store in a DXF file or send the current documents anywhere in the project. Numerous other hydrostatic calculationsare available on MAAT-Plus and MAAT-Pro, being detailed in lesson 24. Click [OK] to exit damaged stability, select/File/Exit and set the following validation parameters in order to conserve the damaged float among the project data:

Click [Yes] to validate current damaged float and exit the hydrostatic module. You are now returned to the

surface modeller. The hydrostatic work being now done, we want to show all the waterlines instead of the single Dwl wecontrolled at heel and trim. To do so, select "/Project" in the menu bar and turn the bottom right ZX grid selector from"Hydrostatic" to "Geometric": Notice that MAAT manages 3 distinct grid types among which you can select the currentone. The Geometric waterlines grid contains all the waterline while the hydrostatic one contains only Dwl. Similarly,hydrostatic stations grid is often different of the geometric one, allowing to add sections at every floatation / sectional areadiscontinuity (this question is discussed in next lessons) for a better calculation accuracy.

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All the waterlines being now displayed (provided that you didn't change previous display mode), let us nowpresent some of MAAT's transformation capabilities: First, select /Transform/3D Sizing and set the following target

dimensions to resize the hull surface:

Current hull is then resized but sectioning grid should be modified in order to match these new dimensions. Click

to undo this transformation that we only made for a demonstration purpose and select/Transform/Variable/Translation to set transformation parameters as follows in order to stretch the hull 1.000m

longitudinally between station 5.000 and 10.000 ("jumbo" transformation):

Although this function allows controlling transformation curve with up to 4 intermediary points, we will only fix itsextremities. Click on [Apply] to preview transformed hull at any step and [OK] to validate and view it fully. Finally, click

again to return to the original model.

Select /Transform/Hydrostatic and select the same symmetry option than previously (Symmetrize on Last V

Line). You can now set the following target hydrostatic data and click on [Apply] to control their influence:

A Variable station translation, represented on the right diagram, combined to a transversal scaling, displayed inthe upper selector, is applied to the hull surface in order to reach your target data whenever possible.

Click [OK] to view fully transformed hull: Re-entering quickly in the hydrostatic module allows to ensure

immediately that current hydrostatic features now correspond to our request. When done, click on again to return tothe original model. As our goal is here only to demonstrate briefly what you can get of MAAT for hull design, all the othermodelling functions will be presented in the rest of this manual.

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Click /File/Exit Surface and set the following validation parameters to include stations, waterlines, buttocks and

hull's outline in the surface.

Click [Yes] and confirm overwriting initial hull surface: The display now looks like this (several objects have been

opened to show their content):

We can see first that validating the damaged float has created a " Hydro" directory containing the float

compartments as well as the parent (symmetrised) surface, automatically providing a more accurate waterplanecomputation when available. Damaged float can therefore be stored with the project, double clicking on " Hydro" or anycompartment running directly the hydrostatic module on the selected object whenever necessary.

We can also see the " Lines Plan" we stored previously among project data. Double clicking on it allows

running the 2D-drafting module. This module allows viewing, plotting and making basic operations with any MAATversion, but the full use of its 2D/3D functions (not yet totally available) is a part of MAAT-Pro License.

At last, we can see that the hull surface we have validated contains all the lines we asked for. Let us double click

on " Hull" in order to run the geometric builder: All the hull lines then appear; pressing [Ctrl][1] (with left numeric keys)

also shows the profile bitmap. Click on to zoom the keel area and select /Primitive/Wing/4 Points.

Click the lower and upper leading edge points setting the upper point about 5cm above keel line to ensure hull /keel intersection exists. Similarly, click the lower and upper trailing edge points: A keel generation dialog box thenappears, in which you can set the following parameters:

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Notice that you can select different wingsections among the available ones and compute current geometric datawhenever necessary by clicking [Geo. Data]. This default wingsection library can be transformed according to your needs

by opening "/Maat/ProgData/Wingsections.maa" with MAAT and creating new sections or modifying existing ones fromthe browser.

Click [OK] to create the keel surface, select "/Surface/Modify" and click on it to enter the surface modeller.

Select "/Line/Surface Cutting" from the surface menu and select intersection data as follows:

Click [OK] to get Hull / Keel intersection (notice that such intersections are only possible when resulting line doesnot cross simultaneously red and green lines), select "/Line/Destroy" and click on the upper keel boundary named "ULine [2]" which is no longer necessary.

You can now select "/Tools/Hydrostatic Data" and set the following options to access the hydrostatic module:

Selecting "/Calculate/New Waterplane" shows the incidence of keel on ships sectional area curve, but our maingoal was only to export this new keel compartment within the float data: To do so, select "/File/Exit", set the followingvalidation data and click [OK]:

We can now select "/File/Exit Surface" to validate the final keel surface as well with the following parameters:

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We can now repeat the same operations to create the rudder: Re-select /Primitive/Wing/4 Points, zoom the

corresponding bitmap area, click lower and upper points and set the following data:

Like previously, modify the created surface in order to reach hull / keel intersection and store a rudder

compartment in " Hydro".

When rudder surface is validated with previous parameters, you can select " /Tools/Lines Plan" from the menu

bar and set previous layout parameters to get a full drawing:

When returned to the geometric builder, you can also view and control ship lines by selecting different views

among , , , , , or . Current view can be printed by clicking or exported in a 2D DXF file by

selecting /File/Export/DXF 2D. Current lines can be exported in a 3D DXF file by selecting /File/Export/DXF 3D and

current model (surfaces, outlines, trimming curves...) can be completely exported in an IGES file by selecting/File/Export/IGES.

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Finally, click and select "Fore (3/4) View" as current framing. Click and set the following display options:

Your hull is now shaded; you can still select other views in shaded mode and capture the display by pressing

[Alt][Print Screen] to paste it in your favourite image processor (please, notice that conic projection is not yet

supported for rendering). Select /File/End Builder to return to the browser: You can open " Hydro" to ensure the keel

and rudder compartments are now present. Double click on " Hydro": you can now run the hydrostatic module on thecomplete float.

Finally, click on " Hull" surface to select it, right click and select "Copy" in the contextual menu. Select"/File/Open Project" from the menu bar in order to open "\Maat\Progdata\RefHulls.maa" and select a target directory.

You can now right click and select "Paste" in the contextual menu: Your hull is now transferred in the hull library. You canfinally select "/File/Save Project" to update the library and /or to conserve your work (storage is only possible on regular

versions).

Congratulations! You have now a good overview of what you will learn in the next lessons!

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_____________________________________________________________________

Lesson 1: Program Organization:

Let us now present the program more completely and start by the beginning: Starting a new project or opening anexisting one creates a new MAAT window corresponding to a new program entry point. As many project windows asneeded can be opened simultaneously and managed with Windows classical "Multiple Document Interface" functionsavailable in /Window menu section. This initial window, the browser, allows working and navigating among project data.

According to user's selection, the browser window can become a geometric builder, a surface modeller, a wireframemodeller, a wire modeller... The following list can guide you if you want to see these menus in action:

-The data Browser is presented in lesson 2.-The Project data setting is detailed in lesson 4.-The Surface operations are presented in lessons 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.-The Wireframe menu is detailed in lesson 14, 15, and 17.-The Wire menu is presented in lesson 5.-The Hydrostatic menu is detailed in lessons 9 and 24.-The Offsetting menu is detailed in lesson 10.-The Rendering functions are detailed in lesson 16.

-The Dressing menu is not yet complete and documented.-The Shell Expansion menu is detailed in lesson19.

Moreover, reading part III's first chapter will give you a good overview of program's architecture.

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________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2: Data Organization and Browser's Menu:

As MAAT 2000 allows creating thousands of surfaces and lines to represent your project, efficient datamanagement tools are a must. Data Hierarchization in directories and subdirectories appear to be the easiest way toaccess them quickly when numerous. MAAT therefore allows you to manage your geometric data within the projectexactly like you manage your files on the hard disk with Windows File Explorer (this appeared as the most natural way forWindows users). It is nevertheless important to stress that MAAT's hierarchy is managed internally within a single data file(a single ".maa" file can contain hundreds of MAAT directories, surfaces, lines ...). To have a look to this feature, select/File/Open Project in the initial menu, select C:\Maat\ExampleFiles\Trawler.maa in the file selection box and look at thedata structure: The displayed window (MAAT's data Browser) now looks like Windows File Explorer and shows thecontent of the file you opened:

These are the data types handled by MAAT:

Represents the project root, which contains all the non-geometric data.

Represents a set, allowing to group children data like a Windows directory does.

Represents a surface (i.e. an HP CIRCE-3D / HP MAAT surface, discussed in lesson 4).

Represents a wireframe (this new entity is discussed in lesson 12).

Represents a compartment or a tank, according to its current attributes.

Represents a line (colour depends on layer, discussed in lesson 6).

Represents an outline, i.e. the closed boundary of a material area (colour depends on layer).

Represents a hole, i.e. a closed boundary inside an outline (colour depends on layer).

Represents an ellipse which is generally a 3D circle (colour depends on layer).

Represents a straight line (colour depends on layer).Represents a wingsection (colour depends on layer).

Represents a drafting template (form depends on template geometry).

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Remarks:

- A line can only belong to a surface , a wireframe or a compartment and can only be copied/movedto a wireframe or a compartment

- An outline can only belong to a surface , a wireframe or a compartment .

- A hole can only belong to an outline , its layer is given by its parent. Outlines and holes are also known astrimming curves.

The above display then shows that project file"C:\Maat\ExampleFiles\Trawler.maa" contains 8 sets named "Lesson 5" to " Lesson 16". The first set " Lesson 5" contains a wireframe named " Lesson 5", " Lesson 6"

contains a surface named " Lesson 6"... Of course, screen may easily be crowded when data are too numerous and

this is the reason why, like in Windows File Explorer, parent nodes show a button allowing showing or hiding nodes

content. You can try clicking this button in order to open and close several nodes, especially a surface node to showthe lines / outlines it contains. Several examples will make this topic obvious:

-Click to open Lesson 5" and click " " to select this line. Lesson 5 now looks like this:

-Right click to display browsers menu (functions are detailed in Part III. According to nodes nature, menuchanges slightly):

-In the present case, simply left click the "Set Properties" item to rename "U Line [0] to "New U Line [0]" and set

its layer "Trace 3" to "Trace 4". When the modification box is closed, the browser shows new line's name and colour.

-You can now try the Undo / Redo buttons located in the upper tool bar to cancel or repeat themodification (more will be said about Undo / Redo in next lesson).

-Now, keep the [Ctrl] key pressed while left clicking other lines (let's say "(New) U Line [0]" and "U Line [2]"): Like

in Windows File Explorer, this allows to select individually several nodes together. Moreover, keeping [Shift] key pressedallows selecting all the consecutive nodes between first and last clicks. Step1's content now looks like this:

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-Right click to display browser's menu and click "Copy" to register "U Line [0]" and "U Line [2]" for future use.

-Click the project node to select it as parent ("U Line [0]" and "U Line [2]" are no longer highlighted) and rightclick.

-Select "New Set" in browser's popup menu and enter its name (let us say "Test"). Our new set "Test" is now

displayed under project node (as it is empty, no opening button precedes it):

-Click this new set to select it as target, right click to display browser's popup menu and select " Paste": A warning

box recalls you that you can only send lines to a wireframe (see first remark above). We will then create a wireframe inwhich we will be allowed to copy "U Line [0]" and "U Line [2]":

-Make sure " Test" is selected as parent, right click to display browser's menu, select "New Wireframe" and

directly click [OK] to validate default name: " Test" is now preceded by a square button, as it contains a new (empty)wireframe. Click this button to see the new wireframe and click it. "Test" now looks like this:

-" new wireframe" being highlighted, right click to display browsing menu and select "Paste" again: This

request is now accepted as "U Line [0]" and "U Line [2]" can be copied into a wireframe: "new wireframe" is now precededby a square button, showing it is no longer empty: Just click it to make sure the lines have well been duplicated. "Test"now looks like this:

-As we have only created this set for demonstration purpose, we will now remove it: Simply click " Test" tohighlight it, right click and select "Delete" in browser menu: All these data have been scratched.

- Now, click "/Lesson 6/Lesson6" in order to highlight surface " Lesson 6":

-Right click and select "Push" from browser menu. Pushing " Lesson 6" replaces this node by an intermediaryset containing it. The data now look like this:

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-Now, click the new set " Lesson 6" to highlight it, right click and select the opposite "Pull" function from

browser's menu: The intermediary set now disappears, all its children having moved to his parent " Lesson 6".

-Now, double click a wireframe like " Lesson 5", a surface like " Lesson 6" or a set like " Lesson 7". Likein Windows File Explorer, double clicking a node allows to run the associated editor: The double clicked node is nowdisplayed with its corresponding menu. As working a wireframe, surfaces or a sets will be explained later, simply click the

Undo button to return to the data browsing window without any operation.

-Click on " C:\Maat\ExampleFiles/Trawler.maa" to select it, right click, select "Load File" and select "

C:\Maat\ExampleFiles/Tug.maa". The content of selected file, "Tug.maa", is now loaded in current project:

It is also important to stress that "Copy", "Cut" and "Paste" functions remain usable between 2 project windows,

allowing to transfer data from one file to the other. This provides a flexible way to initialise a new project with existing dataor to combine data from different files in a single one.

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________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3: Screen's Organisation

To illustrate MAAT 's window organisation by concrete operations, double click "/Lesson 6/Lesson6" to show ahull surface on screen. Starting from top and skipping window's caption and menu bars that are certainly well known ofyou, let us focus on MAAT tool bars:

The first one contains general tools:

The second one contains 3D framing tools:

Both tool bars can be moved and resized according to your preferences while a short "fly over" help message isdisplayed in the bottom display line according to current selection (moreover, most of these button have a keyboard shortcut).

Let us now present these tools individually:

Fits the framing and resets scaling, rotation... Shortcut: [Ctrl] [r].

Fits the framing without resetting scaling, rotation... Shortcut: [Ctrl] [f].

Allows to zoom a part of the screen (1st click area's anchor point, 2nd set size of area and 3rd set area'slocation accurately. Shortcut: [Ctrl] [z]).

Allows to shift current framing clips (click original point and target point. Shortcuts: [Ctrl] [p], [Ctrl] [], [Ctrl] [v] and [Ctrl] [^].

Allows to reverse display horizontally (vertical mirror).

Allows to reverse display vertically (horizontal mirror).

Allows entering horizontal and vertical scaling factors for anisotropic display (helpful for magnifyingunfairnesses by forcing model's aspect ratio to screen's aspect ratio).

Allows entering screen's angle of rotation.

Allows setting the display options, according to the active menu (see Part III):

Browser Menu: IgnoredBuilder Menu: Allows to set current workspace, select rendering mode and modify layer mask.Surface Menu: Allows to show / hide background model, select patch squaring / shading mode...Wire and Wireframe Menu: Allows to show / hide the background models.Hydrostatic Menu: Allows to show or hide optional lines like heeled waterline or floatation axis.

Allows showing or hiding a referential.

Allows to toggle quick (but rough) display mode to smooth (but slow) display mode.

Allows to set background colour and select associated bitmap (see lesson 14).

Allows calibrating current bitmap in order to associate physical coordinates to each pixel.

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Allows to Undo previous operations (undo function can also be undone/redone later).

Allows to Redo previous operations (redo function can also be undone/redone later).

Allows to print out current display at any scale on an external printer (see end of lesson 5).

Allows displaying model's transversal view. Shortcut: [Ctrl] [t].

Allows displaying model's profile view. Shortcut: [Ctrl] [l].

Allows displaying model's half breadth view. Shortcut: [Ctrl] [h].

Allows displaying and set model's axonometric view. Shortcut: [Ctrl] [a].

Allows displaying and set models conic view (as conic projection presents foreshortening, it cannot be usedfor graphics input and will then be refused for surface and wire operations).

Allows selecting model's isometric view.

Allows selecting model's cavalier projection.

Allows moving camera from front to back, to the opposite location (especially useful for 3D rendering).

Allows to set and toggle x, y and / or z clips in order to restrain displayed space when needed.

Allows registering current view for further use or selecting any one previously registered.

The , , , , views can also be adjusted incrementally with [Ctrl][Alt][],[Ctrl][Alt][v] and [Ctrl][Alt][^] shortcuts..

The window's main area shows current model, according to the active menu and display mode. The activeentities react by an identification bubble when cursor flies over them. Read this information before clicking to selectsomething (when more than one entity are superimposed, a popup submenu is displayed, allowing final selection).Clicking the right button always cancels current cursor mode.

At last, two bottom status bars display useful information:

-The first bar shows program's prompt followed by 3 status boxes whose content depends on current menu.

The second bar shows selected view and current cursor coordinates on the right while a memory gauge indicatesthe size of data in memory, data frozen in the undo stack and remaining space for modelling. You are warned thatresponse times may slow down when too many data are conserved in the undo stack according to your system's memorymanagement configuration. As a rule of thumb, don't hesitate to save your data and restart the program if response timeseems to slow down.

Let us now try these tools on "/Lesson 6/Lesson 6":

-Click , or and try corresponding shortcuts [Ctrl][t], [Ctrl][l]or[Ctrl][h].

-Try the [Ctrl][+], [Ctrl][-] and [Ctrl][f] shortcuts.-Look at the effect produced by [Ctrl] [], [Ctrl] [v] and [Ctrl] [^] shortcuts.-Look at the effect produced by [Ctrl] [Alt] [], [Ctrl] [Alt] [v] and [Ctrl] [Alt] [^] and compare it

to the previous shortcuts.

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-Click , set point of view with horizontal and vertical sliders (equivalent to previous shortcuts) and click [OK]

button.

-Click , click [Add Current] button, enter a name ("my first view" for example) for this view and click [OK]button 2 times: This framing is now registered.

-Click , click [Fit] button to set target point at model centre and set a new point of view with horizontal /

vertical sliders.

-As you are now defining a conic projection, foreshortening can be adjusted with 2 additional sliders allowing tomove far and near the model as well as setting camera's focus (a 50mm focus corresponds to a camera located at500mm from a 21" screen).

-For obvious reasons, zooming or fitting generally alters focus. Look at the middle / bottom status box normally

showing something like: .

-Click , click a first framing point close to stem, a second one near midship bottom and click a 3rd time tolocate zoomed area accurately: Selected area is now displayed while focus status box has changed.

-Using [Ctrl][+], [Ctrl][-]and[Ctrl][f]shortcuts also alter focus value.

-Click again, select the view we registered previously (("my first view") in the upper left combo box and click[OK] button to return to the stored axonometric projection.

-Click and click somewhere on hull surface: Display is magnified around clicked point while a right clickproduces the contrary.

-Click and try the different isometric projections available. Click[OK] to validate the one you chose.

-Click , try the different front planes available for cavalier projection and set foreshortening ratio and angle toyour taste. Click[OK] when finished.

-Press [Ctrl][l] to display profile view and click to set display options.

Dont close this project, as it will be helpful to compare its reference data to the ones you will now produce.

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________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 4: Starting a new project from scratch

Although this first acquisition technique is not the shortest one, it remains the best way to discover concretelyMAAT's main capabilities. First of all, select /File/New Project in the menu bar, in order to set the basic project data.Although you can start the acquisition mode with the default values by clicking directly [OK] (these parameters can be set

whenever you want by double clicking the " project" node or selecting /Project/Project Data in the menu bar), it is a

good use to take a few minutes to define these parameters first:

-The most important setting is probably the selector concerning the project axes. If you

are used to HP CIRCE 3D / HP MAAT axes, select second selection . If necessary the/Transform/Swap Coordinates function available in Geometric Builder's menu, allows to reassign model's coordinates

entered in erroneous axes.

-The next data you must check are the units to use for entering / printing out data. This can be done easily in the"Project Units" area (selecting "unit +" shows one digit more than selecting "unit").

-As hydrostatic outputs refer to an accurate location of perpendiculars and design waterplane, this preliminarystep is the best opportunity to enter the "AP:", "FP:" and "Dwl@:" data according to currently selected units. AP is the

longitudinal coordinate of Aft perpendicular plane, FP the longitudinal coordinate of Fore perpendicular plane and Dwl@the vertical coordinate of reference waterplane (This coordinate defines the default waterplane and must correspond to arealistic floatation otherwise hydrostatic module will warn you that it is unable to initialise correctly). If vertical offsets startat the bottom of midship section (Base Line), "Dwl@:" corresponds to the mean draft while it is 0.0 when vertical offsetsrefer to design waterplane. Moreover, let's recall that program accepts FP>AP as well as AP>FP without any hydrostaticconsequence, although stem will appear on left side in this last case.

-The last important data to set are the project grids, as they will be intensively used to compute surface sectionsduring the design job. Station, Waterline and Buttock grids are important data; according to the selected referential, theymay correspond to XY, YZ or ZX planes. It is a good habit to define them as early as possible, otherwise no hydrostatic,offsetting or model sectioning will be possible. Although user can select current grid among the 3 kinds available in the

boxes, the default geometric grids can be the only defined at this stage (Geometric grids are used to

produce the ship lines. Hydrostatic grids are used to produce hydrostatic stations according to possible singularities andheeled waterlines (optional). Construction grids will be used by upcoming construction functions). You must at least defineone transversal grid to compute hydrostatic data and one additional grid if you look for a table of offsets.

For example, click the [Set XY Grid] button and look at the plane setting dialog box: The grid planes, when

defined, can be explored with the left slider, current plane being displayed in the middle edit boxes. Its name can be set in

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the left box and its position in the right one while a small [+] button located on the left side allows doubling it beforemodification if a new plane has to be added individually. Conversely, the small [-] button on right side allows to removecurrent selection. The lower [Enter Plane Set] button allows to enter a group of equally spaced planes by typing a

generic prefix and / or suffix, plane spacing, starting and ending position. This function can be used as many times asnecessary if the grid presents unequally spaced areas. If the grid is so complex that any automatic generation isimpossible, the [Enter Plane List] button provides a quick keyboard acquisition loop. At last, the [Scratch Grid] button

destroys all the planes.

Let us now present the other settings, although they are not so important:

-The "Project's name:" input box allows to identify current project.

-The [Layers] button allows creating or modifying the layers used by MAAT's upcoming 3D drafting functions.

-The [Construction Materials] button will allow creating or modifying the mechanical properties used by MAAT's

upcoming 3D drafting functions.

-The "Density:" input box allows specifying water's density, if necessary.

-The [Loading Cases] button allows to define or modify a list of loading conditions (weight, centre of gravity and

loading name) directly usable for hydrostatic computations. When this button is clicked, a Loading Management box popsup, showing the current loading list in the upper combo box, whose current selection can be modified by clicking the

[Modify] button. The [New] push button allows creating as many new loadings as needed while the [Delete] buttonallows removing them.

-The [Margin Lines] button allows selecting as many lines as necessary, among existing project lines, used for

calculating downflooding angle and floodable length. This is discussed in "Advanced Hydrostatic" lesson.

-The [Additional Volumes] button allows defining as many additional volumes as necessary to complete hull

model and make float's description more accurate for hydrostatic computations. This is discussed in "AdvancedHydrostatic" lesson.

-The Rendering area concerns 3D rendering data. As they are presented in lesson 17, we will only mention thembriefly:

-The [Views] button will allow managing the views registered with the button (see next lesson).-The [Aspects] button allows creating or modifying the optical properties of outline materials.-The [Rendering Lights] button allows to create or modify lightings used for 3D rendering (a lighting is

8composed of 1 to 8 lights whose colour and position can be set individually.

According to this, we will follow these steps to start our project:

-Set axes to .-Set "Project's name:" field to CH25m 8911.0 (for example).

-Conserve all the default units (m, m2, m3 and metric tons).-Conserve AP's default position (0.0).-Set FP's position to 22.000.

-Set "Dwl@:" field to 2.55 as reference waterplane is located at 2.55m above baseline.-Click [Set XY Grid]: As x represents width and y the heights (our first selection) this corresponds to stations .-Click [Enter Plane Set] and set the "Prefix:" field to "Sta ".-Leave the "Starting@:" field to 0.0, set the "Ending@:" field to 25.00 and the "Spacing:" field to 0.500.-Click [OK]: Equally spaced stations are now displayed and can be controlled with left vertical slider.-Click [OK] again to validate the created station's grid.-Click [Set YZ Grid]: As y represents height and z the length (our first selection) this corresponds to buttocks .-Click [Enter Plane Set] and set the "Prefix:" field to "B ".-Set the "Starting@:" field to 0.175, the "Ending@:" field to 3.15 and the "Spacing:" field to 0.175.-Click [OK]: Equally spaced buttocks are now displayed and can be controlled with vertical slider.-Click [OK] again to validate the created buttock's grid.-Click [Set ZX Grid]: As z represents length and x the width (our first selection) this corresponds to waterlines .

-Click [Enter Plane Set] and set the "Prefix:" field to "WL ".-Leave the "Starting@:" field to 0.0, set the "Ending@:" field to 2.55 and the "Spacing:" field to 0.255.-Click [OK]: Bottom's waterlines are now generated. Let's repeat this to generate the double spaced ones:-Click again [Enter Plane Set] and leave the "Prefix:" field to "WL ".-Set the "Starting@:" field to 3.06, the "Ending@:" field to 6.12 and the "Spacing:" field to 0.51

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-Click [OK]: A 2 spacings waterlines grid is now displayed and can be controlled with vertical slider.-Click [OK] again to validate the created waterlines grid.

-Check all the project data and click [OK] to start this new project: Browser's screen appears, only containing a

" void.maa" project node, as no file is associated yet. If you use a regular MAAT / Win 32 version, you can save theseparameters by selecting /File/Save Project from the menu bar. If you store this file as

"c:\maat32\maafiles\myinput1.maa", the initial project node " void.maa will then become "c:\maat32\maafiles\myinput1.maa". You can double click this node or select /Project/Project Data from the menu bar to

modify any project data whenever needed.

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Lesson 5: Entering the basic ship lines

Although we will present more efficient input techniques later, we will here start by an "HP-CIRCE-3D like"acquisition, which presents the advantage of showing most of the available functions in a single example. As the first steptraditionally consists in entering a set of 3D lines describing the surface we want to create, we will first of all define a newwireframe, as lines can only belong to a wireframe or be bound to an existing surface. According to lesson 1, we will then

click " C:\Maat\maafiles\myinput1.maa" to select project node as parent, right click to show browser's menu, select"New Wireframe", enter "Lines" (for example) in "Wireframe's Name:" field and click [OK].

The "Lines" wireframe being now created, we can click it, right click to get browser's menu and select " Push":

Wireframe "Lines" is now "pushed" inside a set also named "Lines". We can then double click wireframe "Lines" in orderto start creating lines inside it: As no line exist yet, screen only shows a black background while the menu bar displays thewireframe menu.

As we will give you all the coordinates needed for this example, the initial framing stage that follows is not reallynecessary. Nevertheless, we suggest you to do it, as it usually starts a quick acquisition:

As no line exists yet, look at status bar to check current projection. Generally, the default "Y+ Isometric view

doesn't correspond to the input view (we generally use for entering a station, for a stem line or for awaterline). When the appropriate input view is selected, we must adjust display clips with [Ctrl][-] /[Ctrl][+] shortcuts (the

default clips are pre-set to show a [-1m, 1m]x[-1m, 1m] area) in order to show a sufficient input area (you can check thisarea by moving cursor in the corners and checking its coordinates in status bar).

In the present case, let us select a body plan view by clicking , click and move cursor without clickingwhile looking at cursor coordinates. As display clips are too small to contain the [0m, 3.4m] x [2m, 4.20m] we need tomove cursor in the lower left corner and right click 4 times for getting enough space for entering transom station: Movecursor again in screen corners without clicking and look at cursor coordinates: it is normally OK now.

We are now ready to enter transom station by selecting /Wire/New/Line from the menu bar, station data being

the followings:

Name: Knot 0: Knot1: Knot 2: Knot 3: Knot 4:

Station 0.000 x=3.400 x=3.350 x=3.025 x=1.988 x=0.000

y=4.200 y=3.200 y=2.335 y=2.044 y=2.000

As this station is located at z=0.000 (AP), we will directly validate the default position by clicking [OK]. Cursor

now includes a large crosshair, showing that we have entered in knot input mode for which:

-Left mouse clicks create a new knot at current cursor location.-[Ctrl][Ins] allows entering accurate coordinates from keyboard.

-A right mouse click ends the knot input sequence.

To input knot [0] from previous table, in meters as selected in lesson 3, please follow these steps:

-Press [Ctrl][Ins]

-Set x field to 3.4.-Set y field to 4.2.-Leave z field to its 0.0 default value.-Click [OK] button.

The first knot being now entered (cursor drags a rubber line), we will repeat this sequence 4 times in order toinput tables following knots.

When these knots are entered, right click to end knot input sequence. The initial framing being the default one,

press [Ctrl][f] to fit it. The menu bar shows that we have now entered in the wire menu.

To fair the transom station with a Spline, select /Arc/Spline from the menu bar. As the program now asks forclicking Spline limits, you can use the [Ctrl][Enter] shortcut instead of clicking knot 0 and knot 4, as we want to draw a

Spline on the whole line. A set of weights (draftsmens "ducks") are shown, allowing to control Spline knots.

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In order to magnify any possible unfairness, we will first turn wire display into a sharp curvature scanning mode

by clicking and setting display parameters to these values: .

After clicking the [OK] button, the Spline is now shaded showing line's curvature by thickening and colouring the

line according to its local curvature. Keep the following rules in mind while controlling line's fairness:

-Hollows are located where shading's thickness vanishes, ducks being oriented according to local centre ofcurvature.

-Curvature discontinuities are represented by thickness steps (but, Splines being curvature continuous, don't lookfor any one here!).

-Bumps and unfairnesses are always associated to irregular curvature distribution, generally oscillating around 0.-When numerous hollows are suspected a sharp control is also possible by increasing flatness threshold in the

"Max. Radius:" boxto a sufficiently high value while returning to the default "Show Concavity" mode.-The "Shade Slope" mode, rarely used, is only provided for compatibility reasons with surface scanner.

As our line is very simple, scanning doesn't reveal any special problem except unexpected curvature growth inthe bottom area.

To solve this problem, simply click on weight [4] and select a "Physical" extremity instead of the default

"Synthetic" one: The extremity now looks stiffer, as this option forces line curvature to vanish (like for real drafting Splineswhere no extremity bending corresponds to zero curvature). As curvature now tends to grow at sheer point, we will alsorepeat this operation on knot [0]. Result now looks satisfactory and, before presenting more about Splines, we willvalidate current line by selecting /File/Exit from the menu bar, setting its name to "Sta. 0.000" (for example), leaving itslayer to default "V Line" and clicking [OK].

Transom line being now validated (wireframe menu is displayed instead of wire menu), it is now displayed in red

and we will click in order to turn the default "Quick" display mode into the "Smooth" one (line facets disappear).

We will first select /Wire/Modify/Line and click transom line in order to return to this line before defining the next

ones. By showing how an existing line can be modified, we will also be able to complete spline presentation withoutrisking to alter transom line, as modifications won't be validated.

Select again /Arc/Spline from the menu bar, but this time, click knots [1] and [3] (arcs [0, 1] and [3, 4] will then

remain unchanged) in order to define chine by a blending arc controlled by knot [2]. Weights are now only displayed in the[1, 3] area, the extremity knots allowing to select a "Curvature" or "Tangent" blending in addition to the initial "Synthetic"

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and "Physical" extremity types. You can then set different values of these extremity parameters, by clicking weight [2] andweight [3], and inspect their incidence on curvature distribution.

As knot [2] is not located on a Spline extremity, the associated popup menu is different of the previous one,allowing to set "duck"'s weight between 0% (totally free) to 100% (totally fixed) for fairing purpose. Moreover, the "Entercoords" menu item allows to enter knot coordinates from keyboard when needed, but don't forget these coordinates willonly be taken into account according to knot's weight. You can now set any combination of weight parameters andinspect their incidence on curvature distribution.

The last important Spline feature is its ability to be interactively fitted by setting knot positions dynamically. As

extremity knots remain fixed (arcs [0, 1] and [3, 4] cannot be altered) we will only set knot [2] in this example: Bringcursor on knot [2] (instead of weight [2]) until its coordinates are displayed and then keep left mouse button pushed whilemoving. According to knot's weight (remember that 0% weighed knots won't be able to react to any cursor motion), cursormotions drag a rubber Spline while its curvature is updated when left button is released.

When MAAT's Spline behaviour will become natural to you, you can try the Undo / Redo buttons toreturn to any previous Spline status before selecting /File/Exit from the menu bar and clicking [Cancel] (as we made this

presentation on transom's backup, we don't need to validate this altered line, although we would be able to undo all thealterations before validation).

We are now able to repeat first line's generation for creating Sta. 10.500, Sta. 15.500 and Sta. 20.500 as recalledbelow:

-Select /Wire/New/Line from wireframe menu bar.

-Set station's longitudinal position according to the following array (you can select it in the combo box instead oftyping it) and click [OK].

Name: Knot 0: Knot1: Knot 2: Knot 3: Knot 4:

Sta 10.500 x=3.500 x=3.450 x=3.072 x=2.000 x=0.000

y=4.050 y=3.000 y=1.603 y=0.852 y=0.050

Sta 15.500 x=3.500 x=3.300 x=2.741 x=1.642 x=0.000

y=4.350 y=3.132 y=1.702 y=0.881 y=0.150

Sta 20.500 x=3.150 x=2.103 x=1.199 x=0.562 x=0.000

y=5.000 y=3.505 y=2.212 y=1.303 y=0.500

-Enter coordinates of knot 0 to 5 as follows, according to previous table:

-Press [Ctrl][Ins]

-Enter x value in x field.-Enter y value in y field.-Check and eventually set z value in z field.-Click [OK].

-Right click to exit knot input sequence and press [Ctrl][f] to fit the display.-Select /Arc/Spline from the menu bar.-Press [Ctrl][Enter] to select the whole line.

-Click weight [0] and set its extremity type to "Physical"-Click weight [4] and set its extremity type to "Physical"-Select /File/Exit from the menu bar.-Enter station's name ("Sta. xxx" for example where xxx is the position)-Leave layer's combo box to default "V Line" and click the [OK] button to validate the line.-If you use a regular version, select "/File/Put in Workfile" from the menu bar in order to save your lines ("/File/Get

from Workfile" allows to recover last saving).

Concerning Sta. 20.500, knot [3] seems to produce a local singularity so, we will set knot [2]'s weight to 0%. Asreleasing knot [2] looks to have solved the problem, we move cursor on knot [2] to display its faired coordinates: x hasmoved from 2.103 to 2.104m and y from 3.505 to 3.504m: The incidence of a so small correction on curvature distributionshows how sharp curvature control is. When Sta. 0.000, Sta. 10.500, Sta. 15.500 and Sta. 20.500 are created, we will

then create a stem line in a similar way, except we will click to work in the profile plane. For the same reasons thanpreviously, we will also prepare the longitudinal framing by pressing [Ctrl][-] 10 times and [Ctrl][

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-Select /Wire/New/Line from wireframe menu bar, set stem line's transversal position to 0.000 and click [OK].

-Enter coordinates of knots 0 to 5 according to next table: Stem line being in longitudinal axial plane, y and zcoordinates only have to be set, x remaining at 0.000:

Name: Knot 0: Knot1: Knot 2: Knot 3: Knot 4:

Stem y=6.300 y=4.132 y=2.593 y=1.526 y=0.640

z=26.000 z=24.468 z=23.38 z=22.626 z=22.000

-Right click to exit knot input sequence.

-Click and select to display stem line without any background station. You can nowpress [Ctrl][f] to fit stem framing.

.-Select /Arc/Spline from the menu bar.-Press [Ctrl][Enter] to select the whole line.

-As for "Sta. 20.500", knot [3] seems to produce a local singularity so, we will set knot [2]'s weight to 0%: Nocurvature remains, meaning that stem line is now straight.

-Select /File/Exit from the menu bar.

-Enter station's name ("Stem" for example)-Leave layer's combo box to default "V Line" and click [OK] to validate the line.

-If you use a regular version, select /File/Put in Workfile from wireframe menu in order to save your lines.

As we have now entered all the lines needed for creating a new surface, it is important to stress that they all:

-Use the same number of knots.-Have the same layer ("V Line").-Start on sheer line.

Although you are not obliged to start with so singular data (we will present more general acquisition procedureslater) , you will see that this will allow us to proceed very directly:

Select /Wire/New/Network from menu bar, click "Sta. 0.000, "Sta. 10.500", "Sta. 15.500", "Sta. 20.500" and

"Stem: A set of green lines is now fixed on red lines, prefiguring surface patch boundaries. You can make sure thisnetwork is usable for setting a surface by selecting /Tools/Check Network and clicking any line.

Select /File/Exit Wireframe and click [OK] to validate this wireframe. If you use a regular version, you can saveyour data by selecting /File/Save Project from browser's menu, as all the wire data needed for starting surface

generation are now ready:

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Lesson 6: Creating a First Surface

We will now generate the initial hull surface by stretching an "elastic skin" (i.e. a least energy surface) onto our 3Dwireframe (the green lines are still 3D polygons but surface modelling will allow fairing the lines much fastter than we cando on a wireframe). As the function allowing to fit a least energy surface onto a regular wireframe is available in the

geometric builder, we will first double click " Lines" (and not "Lines", as we don't want to run the wireframe menu

again).

When geometric builder's menu is shown, select /Surface/New//Wireframe and click any line of the wireframe:

The initial surface appears, while the surface menu replaces builders menu.

Before starting any surface work, it is important to mention that the initial wireframe has not been "transformed"into current surface but still exists as before (current surface will become a distinct object when validated, startingwireframe remaining unchanged). Another important point will be illustrated by selecting /File/Export CSV Knots, as thisfunction allows storing all the surface knots in an EXCEL readable text file (offsets being separated by semicolons). Whencsv file is stored, you can directly run EXCEL to open it (make sure semicolon is selected as field separator and dot asdecimal separators): Excels display should show something like this:

PROJECT UNITS: m

U LINE PR V LINE PREFIX: V LineX PREFIX: Y P Z PREFIX: Z

V > U Line 0 U Line 1 U Line 2 U Line 3 U Line 4

V Line 0 X 0 0 0 0 0

--- Y 6.3 4.132 2.593 1.526 0.64

--- Z 26 24.468 23.38 22.626 22

V Line 1 X 3.15 2.104 1.199 0.562 0

--- Y 5 3.504 2.212 1.303 0.5

--- Z 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5

V Line 2 X 3.5 3.3 2.741 1.642 0

--