Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Hull Drafting
Training Guide • Training Guide • Training Guide
2
Revision Log
Date Page(s) Revision Description of Revision Release
12/11/2003 All SK General update for M3 M3
Updates Updates to this manual will be issued as replacement pages and a new Update History Sheet complete with instructions on which pages to remove and destroy, and where to insert the new sheets. Please ensure that you have received all the updates shown on the History Sheet. All updates are highlighted by a revision code marker, which appears to the left of new material. Suggestion/Problems If you have a suggestion about this manual or the system to which it refers please report it to the training department at Fax +44 (0)1223 556669 Email [email protected] Copyright © 2004 AVEVA Solutions All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, taping, or otherwise) without written permission of the publisher. Printed by AVEVA Solutions on 10 November 2004
Contents
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................7 1.2 Prerequisites...................................................................................................................7 1.3 Duration...........................................................................................................................7 1.4 Training methods............................................................................................................7
2 The Tribon Concept ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 The Product Information Model .....................................................................................9 2.2 Model Objects ...............................................................................................................10 2.3 Multiple user access.....................................................................................................12 2.4 Ship co-ordinate system ..............................................................................................12
3 Getting started ................................................................................................................................. 13
3.1 Project selection...........................................................................................................13 3.2 The Interface .................................................................................................................14 3.3 Toolbars ........................................................................................................................14
3.3.1 Standard Toolbar .....................................................................................................14 3.3.2 Controls Toolbar ......................................................................................................15 3.3.3 Geometry Toolbar....................................................................................................15 3.3.4 Vitesse Toolbar........................................................................................................15 3.3.5 2D Point Mode.........................................................................................................15 3.3.6 Lock Toolbar............................................................................................................15 3.3.7 Transformation Toolbar............................................................................................16 3.3.8 Subpicture Level Toolbar .........................................................................................16 3.3.9 3D Request Toolbar.................................................................................................16 3.3.10 Geometry 2 Toolbar.................................................................................................16 3.3.11 Shading Toolbar ......................................................................................................17 3.3.12 Dimension Toolbar...................................................................................................17 3.3.13 Subpicture Toolbar...................................................................................................17 3.3.14 Predefined Windows Toolbar ...................................................................................17 3.3.15 Symbol Toolbar........................................................................................................18 3.3.16 Text Toolbar.............................................................................................................18 3.3.17 Displaying Toolbars .................................................................................................18
3.4 Treeview ........................................................................................................................18 3.5 Opening an existing drawing .......................................................................................19 3.6 Starting a new drawing.................................................................................................20 3.7 Saving and deleting drawings .....................................................................................20 3.8 Functions and operations ............................................................................................21 3.9 Viewing the workspace/drawing..................................................................................22
3.9.1 Zoom In ...................................................................................................................22 3.9.2 Zoom Out.................................................................................................................22 3.9.3 Pan (New centre).....................................................................................................22 3.9.4 Zoom Auto ...............................................................................................................22 3.9.5 Zoom Previous.........................................................................................................22 3.9.6 Define Window.........................................................................................................23 3.9.7 Select Window.........................................................................................................23 3.9.8 Renaming and Deleting Predefined Windows ..........................................................24
3.10 Displaying Viewports ................................................................................................24 3.11 Setting up a drawing .................................................................................................24
3.11.1 New geometry preferences......................................................................................24 3.11.2 Defaults ...................................................................................................................24 3.11.3 Drawing scale ..........................................................................................................25 3.11.4 Title block ................................................................................................................25
Exercise 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 26
4
4 Viewing the ship model. .................................................................................................................. 27 4.1 The Tribon view concept..............................................................................................27 4.2 Adding a new model projection to the drawing. .........................................................27 4.3 Changing an existing view. ..........................................................................................29 4.4 Copy model objects from an existing view to a new view .........................................30 4.5 Model draw codes.........................................................................................................31 4.6 Applying hidden line removal to a view ......................................................................32 4.7 Creating a symbolic view. ............................................................................................33 4.8 Recreate an existing view. ...........................................................................................35 4.9 Modify an existing view. ...............................................................................................35 4.10 Modify the limits of a view. .......................................................................................36 4.11 Detail Views. ..............................................................................................................36
4.11.1 Creating a detail view of Flanges, Stiffeners, Brackets or Seams.............................36 4.11.2 Creating a detail view of multiple objects. ................................................................36
Exercise 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 38 4.12 Add Rulers to an existing view.................................................................................40 4.13 How to add text (key in) ............................................................................................40
4.13.1 Options for Text. ......................................................................................................41 4.14 Introduction to Subpictures......................................................................................42 4.15 The Drawing Structure..............................................................................................42 4.16 Current subpicture. ...................................................................................................43
4.16.1 Make an existing subpicture current.........................................................................43 4.17 Create new subpicture (level 1 view) .......................................................................43 4.18 Create new subview (level 2) ....................................................................................44 4.19 Create new component (level 3)...............................................................................44 4.20 Transform a subpicture ............................................................................................44
4.20.1 Ways to transform....................................................................................................45 4.21 Copy a subpicture .....................................................................................................45
Exercise 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 46 4.22 Re-use of Subpictures ..............................................................................................47
4.22.1 To split level 1. (Create new view) ...........................................................................47 4.22.2 Split level 2 (Create new subview) ...........................................................................48 4.22.3 Regroup Subpicture.................................................................................................48 4.22.4 Output subpicture ....................................................................................................49 4.22.5 Input subpicture .......................................................................................................50
Exercise 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 50 5 Basic geometry ................................................................................................................................ 51
5.1 Creating geometry ........................................................................................................51 5.1.1 Points.......................................................................................................................51 5.1.2 Lines........................................................................................................................53 5.1.3 Arcs .........................................................................................................................53
5.2 Modifying geometry......................................................................................................54 5.2.1 Colour......................................................................................................................54 5.2.2 Line type..................................................................................................................54 5.2.3 Modifying Properties at Subpicture level. .................................................................54
5.3 Trimming .......................................................................................................................55 5.3.1 Trim by length. .........................................................................................................55 5.3.2 Remove part of a geometry, Trim by Gap ................................................................56 5.3.3 Trim by Fillet ............................................................................................................56
5.4 Hatching ........................................................................................................................57 5.5 Deleting geometry ........................................................................................................57
5.5.1 Deleting an individual geometry ...............................................................................57 5.5.2 Deleting a group/area of geometry...........................................................................57
Exercise 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 58 5.5.3 Polylines ..................................................................................................................59 5.5.4 Splines.....................................................................................................................59 5.5.5 Parallel Curves ........................................................................................................60 5.5.6 Rectangle ................................................................................................................60 5.5.7 Squares ...................................................................................................................60
5
5.5.8 Conic .......................................................................................................................60 5.6 Moving and copying geometry ....................................................................................60
5.6.1 Moving geometry .....................................................................................................60 5.6.2 Ways to transform....................................................................................................61 5.6.3 Copying geometry....................................................................................................63
6 Annotating a drawing....................................................................................................................... 65
6.1 Dimensioning ................................................................................................................65 6.1.1 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Normal) .....................................................65 6.1.2 Parallel Linear dimensions (Normal) ........................................................................66 6.1.3 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Chain)........................................................66 6.1.4 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Stair)..........................................................67 6.1.5 Linear Dimension Parameters..................................................................................67 6.1.6 Radius measure.......................................................................................................70 6.1.7 Diameter measure ...................................................................................................70 6.1.8 Angle measure.........................................................................................................70 6.1.9 Dimension along Curve............................................................................................71 6.1.10 Dimension along curve, between two points. ...........................................................71 6.1.11 Dimension Area .......................................................................................................71 6.1.12 Dimensions from a plane .........................................................................................72
Exercise 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 73 6.2 Adding notes.................................................................................................................73
6.2.1 Information from the model ......................................................................................74 6.3 Adding position numbers to drawings........................................................................74
Exercise 7 ................................................................................................................................................ 75 Exercise 8 ................................................................................................................................................ 76
6
Chapter 1
1 Introduction Basic drafting functions can be found in all the modules of the Tribon system. While some outfit specific functions actually require the use of the Tribon M3 Drafting module, all of the drafting functionality required by the Hull user can be found in the Hull applications themselves. Therefore this training course will be carried out using the Planar Hull Modelling module. Any references to Tribon M3 Drafting in this document, also relates to the drafting functionality of Planar Hull Modelling. This training course will be taken by all users of the Hull system and provides the grounding for further training in the hull modelling applications. With Tribon M3 we can view the Product Information Model by creating a wide range of views of the ship model. There are special functions to handle these views and produce the desired drawings rapidly and accurately. Once the relevant views are placed in a drawing we can annotate them with further information. Tribon M3 has powerful text and dimensioning functions and full 2D drafting functionality. Tribon M3 also has very powerful editing functions. All entities have editable properties, such as, colour, layer, and line type. Whilst a series of transformations provide all other tools needed to edit the layout of the drawing.
1.1 Objectives To have a clear understanding of the Tribon concept. To be familiar with the screen layout and the workings of the user interface. To create and manipulate views of a model, in a way that reflects the intended use of the system. To discover the ways in which the model can be interpreted on screen. To understand the concept of subpictures and be able to work effectively with them. To create geometry and add text and other annotations to a drawing. To understand the various ways in which we can edit or modify a drawing.
1.2 Prerequisites Trainees should be familiar with Microsoft Windows.
1.3 Duration 2 days
1.4 Training methods Training will consist of presentations, demonstrations and set exercises.
8
Chapter 2
2 The Tribon Concept The Tribon system has been specifically designed to provide a structured way to improve the information flow between the different tasks within the shipbuilding process, where many tasks are performed in parallel. The Tribon system is therefore based on the use of a Product Information Model, which has been designed to handle all the objects found in the shipbuilding industry in an efficient way. A 3D-ship model is defined, and this model contains all technical data needed to address all phases in the design and production process. This concept, with one common product information model or “ship database” for each project used by all designers and planners, means that the information stored in the database is immediately available to the entire organisation. Although the user interacts with the various modules of the system using the common drafting interface, the system is first and foremost a 3D modelling system of which the 2D drawings are a product.
2.1 The Product Information Model The core of the TRIBON system is the Product Information Model. This can be regarded as a “Ship Database” containing all information about a specific project. The database is object-oriented in the sense that all design and production data is stored as "objects". These "objects" are all the types of physical items found in shipbuilding, e.g. There is a hierarchy within the Product Information Model, which helps the user keep track of the information and produces production information more efficiently. An example of this hierarchy is shown in the following diagram.
Systems Cables Pipes Equipment
Blocks Assemblies Panels Stiffeners Brackets
Drawings
Example of naming hull part in Tribon model Hull panel = TTP-Block1-FL30-SP1
Project (ship) - Block name- Panel name-Part name
Example of naming pipe part in Tribon model Pipe = TTP-102-XX17-A
Project – Module- System- Part name
10
2.2 Model Objects Each Tribon object type is structured in such a way as to contain all the necessary technical data or properties which are required to describe a particular instance of the object.
Panel: Pipe: Drawing: Equipment: Name Name Name Name Quality Position Date Purpose Bevel System Drawn by Position Stiffening Diameter Revision 3D representation Holes Material Etc. Symbol (diagrams) Excess. Connections Weight
Shrinkage Weight Connections Etc. Bend radius Etc. Etc. Creating these objects is a combination of entering the technical information and interactively modelling the unique geometry.
As well as the model objects that are visible in the ship, e.g. bulkheads, pumps, pipes, etc. the Tribon database contains a series of objects whose sole purpose is to control manufacturing information. These objects are usually identical from project to project as they are created to reflect the manufacturing practices/capabilities of the shipyard. However severalversions of the objects can be created to reflect the manufacturing practices/capabilities of various sub-contractors or various shipyards if the manufacturing work is to be distributed. An example of the type of information held in these objects could be the pipe bending machine data. The information regarding the capabilities/limitations of the shipyard’s pipe bending machine is stored in the Tribon database. If any pipes are modelled that cannot be handled by the pipe-bending machine the system will highlight it.
Another example of the type of information held in these objects could be the weld shrinkage. An object is created which contains all the information regarding the amount of shrinkage/expansion in plates when profiles are welded to them. This expansion/contraction is then automatically accounted for by the system ensuring highly accurate assembly of parts.
Other items require more detailed representations, which are modelled separately with a 3D-modelling tool.
In the case of the bulkhead stiffeners shown opposite, technical data held within Tribon is used to derive the object. The user interactively selects a profile type and dimension. The length of the profile is then defined interactively and the system generates the resulting object.
11
After the creation of the model objects, and the automatic application of the production control objects, the Tribon system can automatically produce the desired production drawing outputs. Once again these drawings can be customised to suit a shipyards specific requirements.
12
2.3 Multiple user access Once a model object has been created it is immediately available to the entire organisation, which means many tasks can be performed in parallel. This greatly reduces the design phase. When modifications are necessary it is often this technical data which is changed rather than the graphical information, as would be the case in most other systems. As the number of objects in the model increase the modelling becomes more accurate and efficient, as there is more to reference the new objects against.
2.4 Ship co-ordinate system
Chapter 3
3 Getting started
3.1 Project selection Before the Drafting application can be started a project must be chosen. When a project is selected the environment table is modified to point to all the databanks that are specific to the selected project.
Open the project selection application and select a project or sub-project from the tree. Start Programs Tribon M3 Project Selection
Selecting a project will read from the ‘D065’ project configuration file in the project directory, and populate the TBENVTABLE (system configuration), with the relevant variables.
After selecting the desired project use the function Start Programs Tribon M3 Drafting to start a session of the drafting application.
14
3.2 The Interface
3.3 Toolbars
3.3.1 Standard Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Cursor Toolbar
Menu Bar Floating Toolbar
Cross Hair
Treeview Model View / Subpicture
Workspace Shaded Viewport
Drawing Form Status Bar
1. New Drawing 2. Open Drawing 3. Save Drawing 4. Cut 5. Copy 6. Paste 7. Print 8. Insert Model (Ctrl+M) 9. Exchange Model 10. Model Information 11. Verify
15
3.3.2 Controls Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3.3.3 Geometry Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3.3.4 Vitesse Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3.3.5 2D Point Mode
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 When using any function requiring a point to be defined, pressing the right mouse button will display a list of point options that are available.
3.3.6 Lock Toolbar
1 2
1. Operation Complete (RETURN) 2. Quit (F9) 3. Cancel (ESC) 4. Options (F10) 5. All (F11) 6. Repaint (Ctrl+R) 7. Zoom Auto (Ctrl+A) 8. Zoom In (Ctrl+I) 9. Zoom Out (Ctrl+U) 10. Zoom Previous (Ctrl+E) 11. Select Window 12. Pan (Ctrl+W)
1. Virtual Geometry Mode 2. Insert Point 3. Insert Line 4. Insert Arc 5. Insert Poly Line 6. Insert Conic 7. Insert Spline 8. Insert Rectangle 9. Insert Square 10. Insert 2D Primitive 11. Insert Parallel Curve
1. Cursor Position 2. Node Point 3. Key In 4. Event Point 5. Midpoint 6. Intersection 7. Nearest Point 8. Existing Point 9. Arc Centre 10. Arc by Angle 11. Distance along Contour 12. Centre of Gravity 13. Symbol Connection 14. Offset Current 15. Automatic 16. Add Offset
1. Vitesse 2. Edit script 3. Run selected 4. Selceted Script to Run 5. Debugger 6. Vitesse log 7. Reload modules 8. Terminate current script.
1. Lock U 2. Lock V
16
3.3.7 Transformation Toolbar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
3.3.8 Subpicture Level Toolbar
1 2 3 4
3.3.9 3D Request Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
3.3.10 Geometry 2 Toolbar
1 2 3
1. Scale 2. Move Delta 3. Move Two Positions 4. Rotate Delta 5. Rotate Two Positions 6. Rotate 45 Degrees 7. Rotate 90 Degrees 8. Rotate 180 degrees 9. Rotate –90 Degrees 10. Mirror V 11. Mirror U 12. Mirror any line 13. Parallel 14. Four Positions 15. Same as 16. Along Curve 17. Snap 18. Lock U 19. Lock V 20. Centre 21. For Detection
1. One (Ctrl+1) 2. Two (Ctrl+2) 3. Three (Ctrl+3) 4. Four (Ctrl+4)
1. Key In 2. Event 3. Offset Current 4. Lock U 5. Lock V 6. Lock View 7. Lock X 8. Lock Y 9. Lock Z 10. Lock Event Plane 11. Lock XZ 12. Lock YZ 13. Lock XY 14. Lock Event Line 15. Lock Any Line 16. Unlock 17. Set Current 18. Add Offset 19. Verify
1. Transform Geometry 2. Copy Geometry 3. Delete Geometry
17
3.3.11 Shading Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3.3.12 Dimension Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3.3.13 Subpicture Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6
3.3.14 Predefined Windows Toolbar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12
1. Select 2. Auto Scale 3. Zoom Window 4. Zoom 5. Slide 6. Spin 7. Walk 8. Tilt 9. Top View 10. Frame View – Looking Aft 11. Frame View – Looking Fwd. 12. Side View – Looking Port 13. Isometric - Looking Aft 14. Isometric - Looking Fwd. 15. Select Perspective Camera
1. Linear Dimension 2. Radius Dimension 3. Diameter Dimension 4. Angle Dimension 5. Curved Dimension 6. Area Dimension 7. Distance Dimension 8. 3D Linear Dimension 9. 3D Axis Parallel Dimension 10. 3D Co-ordinate Dimension 11. 3D Curved Length Dimension 12. WCOG Dimension 13. Shell Profile Mounting Angle
Dimension 14. Dimension3D Ruler Dimension 15. Note 16. Modify Dimension 17. Move Reference
1. Current Subpicture 2. Transform Subpicture 3. Copy Subpicture 4. Delete Subpicture 5. Split Subpicture 6. Regroup Subpicture
1. Original Scale (Ctrl+Shift+0) 2. Display Window 1 (Ctrl+Shift+1) 3. Display Window 2 (Ctrl+Shift+2) 4. Display Window 3 (Ctrl+Shift+3) 5. Display Window 4 (Ctrl+Shift+4) 6. Display Window 5 (Ctrl+Shift+5) 7. Display Window 6 (Ctrl+Shift+6) 8. Display Window 7 (Ctrl+Shift+7) 9. Display Window 8 (Ctrl+Shift+8) 10. Display Window 9 (Ctrl+Shift+9) 11. Predefined window description. 12. Define predefined window.
18
3.3.15 Symbol Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5
3.3.16 Text Toolbar
1 2 3 4 5 6
3.3.17 Displaying Toolbars Note:To set all toolbars in one operation, select Tools Preferences then select Toolbars. The following screen will be displayed. Select the required toolbars (None will deselect any selected toolbars, All will select all toolbars). Select OK when your selection is completed. To display individual toolbars use View Toolbars and select the required toolbar.
3.4 Treeview The treeview allows the user to list the contents of each view down to component level, the item selected in the treeview is highlighted in the drawing (this can assist in displaying which text belongs to which view or identifying the location of a component). Selecting an item in the tree view with the right hand mouse button will display a dropdown menu, the options displayed are: Zoom In - Zoom into the selected item. (Pressing “Esc” key will toggle to the previous window). Delete - Removes the geometry of the selected item from the view (Note: the item may exist in more than one view and must be removed ). Exchange - Performs a model-exchange on the selected node. Model Info - Will show the model info of the component if available. The model info dialog will be updated with new info every time this command is selected. Works only for the "Component" Treeview level. Refresh -The Refresh command will search through the Treeview and make sure it's updated.
1. Insert Symbol 2. Move Symbol 3. Copy Symbol 4. Modify Symbol 5. Delete Symbol
1. Insert Text 2. Edit Text 3. Move Text 4. Copy Text 5. Modify Text 6. Delete Text Line
Hold the cursor over a button to get a tool tip description of the function.
19
3.5 Opening an existing drawing To open an existing drawing select File Open from the menu Alternatively use the Open drawing button in the standard toolbar If the Object Name field is blank the List button can be pressed to list all drawings on the databank.
When a drawing is selected, a preview is displayed for verification. (Settings required for the display of previews are covered in the Tribon Manager course). To reduce the number of drawings that are listed, wildcards may be used. Wildcards may be used to replace single or multiple characters in the file name. * replaces any number of characters. % replaces one character. For example, if the drawing you wish to open is called DRAFT_GENERAL_ARRGT then carry out the following steps. Start the function File Open. Key *GEN* in the Object Name field as shown opposite. Click the List button and the system will add all drawings with GEN in the drawing name to the current list. As can be seen by the example below, this project only contains one drawing with the characters GEN in the drawing name.
Click once on the name DRAFT_GENERAL_ARRGT and it will appear in the Name field. When the drawing name is added to the Name field the List button will change to Open. Simply click the Open button and the system will open the drawing in the current workspace.
In TDM projects using Oracle, Alias 2 definitions may be used. The Alias 2 field is a part of the TDM attribute available in both native and Oracle projects. However, the Alias 2 field in the Open drawing dialogue is used as a filter mechanism and it would be much too slow to do a search in a native project, since we would have to open every drawing object to see if it matches the filter. In an Oracle project the TDM attribute is stored in a special table so it is not necessary to read the whole drawing object to retrieve the Alias 2.
20
Default databases exist for different drawing / sketch types, to change to another database to access other drawings / sketches select the arrow at the end of the Type box, and from the list displayed select the type of drawing / sketch you wish to view, you can now list the contents of the selected drawing database, wildcards may be used to filter the list. (The set up of these databases is the responsibility of the Tribon Manager)
3.6 Starting a new drawing To start a new drawing select File New from the menu Alternatively use the New drawing button in the standard toolbar The system will then display a list of available drawing forms. This list may appear empty, if so then use wildcards to fill the list with the available drawing forms.
Click on the name of the desired drawing form and then use the OK button. The system will then display the selected drawing form on the screen and the system is ready to work. At this stage no name has been specified for the new drawing. The drawing will initially be called UNTITLED until the first time the user saves the drawing, at this point the user can specify the desired drawing name. It is possible to work without a drawing form if desired. Simply click the OK button without having selected a drawing form when the list is first displayed. This will allow the user to draw/model without the confines of a drawing border. If at any time the user wishes to add/exchange a drawing form, this is achieved by the use of the function Insert Drawing Form.
3.7 Saving and deleting drawings To save a drawing select File Save from the menu Alternatively use the Save drawing button in the standard toolbar If the current drawing is new and has not previously been stored the menu shown opposite will appear. Simply replace UNTITLED with the desired drawing name, select TYPE for the location that the drawing should be saved in, and click the OK button. Please note that drawing names should not contain any blank spaces and giving a drawing the exact same name, as any other object in the Tribon database should always be avoided. If the drawing name already exists in the database the message shown opposite will appear. Click the OK button and the system will return to the previous menu allowing the definition of a unique drawing name.
21
If the current drawing has already been saved in the database the system will display the message shown opposite. Click the Yes button to overwrite the old version of the drawing with the new one. If you have a drawing open and you wish to save it with a different name use File Save as The system will display the menu shown at the top of this page. The current name of the drawing will appear in the Name of drawing field. Edit this to suit and then click the OK button. Please note that Save as will result in a drawing with the new name being stored in the database, the original drawing will not be automatically deleted. To delete a drawing from the database use File Databank Delete in, the system will display the menu shown opposite. Select 1 Drawings and the system will display the same menu as when selecting a drawing to open. Locate the drawing to be deleted, using wildcards if required. Click once on the drawing to be deleted and then click the OK button. The system will prompt for confirmation before deleting the drawing. Click the Yes button and the drawing will be removed from the database.
3.8 Functions and operations When using M3 Drafting we work with functions and operations. Normal use consists of beginning or initiating functions / operations, executing them, then ending or completing in order to make the next operation / function. If we consider the function Insert Line This can be started directly from the pull-down menu. Or started from the geometry toolbar. After starting the function Insert Line we can then start an operation defining what type of line we would like to insert. This operation is started from the toolbar as shown opposite. To complete an operation or accept a selection, press the Operation Complete button. On the keyboard, Return / Enter) = Operation Complete To exit from a function and quit any operations in progress, press the Quit button. On the keyboard, F9 = Quit As many drawing operations will be repeated, most operations behave in a looped fashion so that after one operation the system is immediately ready to perform the same operation again. Press Quit to leave this loop. E.g. Drawing poly line Ready for next poly line Ready for new function
OC Cursor position Choose function Quit
22
3.9 Viewing the workspace/drawing
3.9.1 Zoom In This will adjust the view so the selected area fills the screen.
SSeelleecctt CCuurrssoorr PPoossiittiioonn 11 ((11sstt CCoorrnneerr))
SSeelleecctt CCuurrssoorr PPoossiittiioonn 22 ((22nndd CCoorrnneerr))
3.9.2 Zoom Out This will adjust the view so the current content of the screen fills the selected area.
Select Cursor Position 1 (1st Corner)
SSeelleecctt CCuurrssoorr PPoossiittiioonn 22 ((22nndd CCoorrnneerr))
3.9.3 Pan (New centre) To pan around the workspace or drawing select pan then indicate the new centre for the screen.
3.9.4 Zoom Auto This will adjust the view scale so that all objects appear on the screen.
3.9.5 Zoom Previous
TThhiiss wwiillll ttooggggllee bbeettwweeeenn tthhee pprreevviioouuss wwiinnddooww aanndd tthhee ccuurrrreenntt wwiinnddooww
1.
2
1.
2
23
3.9.6 Define Window To define a window that can be recalled. Zoom / pan to display the area of the drawing to be available for redisplay. Select VViieeww//ZZoooomm//DDeeffiinnee WWiinnddooww.. SSelect the view number on the Predefined Windows toolbar to be associated with the current display, or press and hold the CCoonnttrrooll kkeeyy and press one of the keys 00--99.. TThhee wwiinnddooww wwiillll bbee ssaavveedd.. To create named windows, display the area to be defined,
key-in a name for the window then select the button To display a predefined window select the window number or select the name of the window to be displayed from the drop down list, the view will be displayed.
Multiple windows can also be defined in one operation. ZZoooomm AAuuttoo to display the whole drawing area. Select VViieeww//ZZoooomm//DDeeffiinnee WWiinnddooww,, then select the options button
. Indicate the opposite corners of the area of the drawing to be displayed, then select a view number to associate with your selection, continue to indicate opposite corners / select view numbers, for each view you wish to create. Or
Select VViieeww//ZZoooomm//DDeeffiinnee WWiinnddooww,, then select the options button . Indicate the opposite corners of the area of the
drawing to be displayed, then key-in a name to associate with your selection, select the button to save the window, continue to indicate opposite corners / key-in names, for each view you wish to create, remember to save each window
using the button .
3.9.7 Select Window Displays the predefined window toolbar
Select a window number or indicate the window on screen. To display a named window either indicate the window on screen or select the name from the drop down list. The window will be displayed. In the example shown below Isometric has been selected from the drop down list
The windows can also be selected by name using View>Zoom>Windows a list of predefined windows will be displayed. Selecting a name will result in that window being displayed.
24
3.9.8 Renaming and Deleting Predefined Windows To edit a name or delete a predefined window, select View>Zoom>Edit Windows Select the view to be renamed from the list displayed, edit the name, select Rename, select OK. The window will be listed with the new name. Select the view to be deleted from the list displayed, select Delete, select OK. The window will be removed from the list.
3.10 Displaying Viewports Viewports (additional windows) can be created, select Viewport New stretch a rectangle around the area to be displayed using the right mouse button. A new viewport is now displayed. Shaded viewports & floating viewports are also available from the viewport menu. To display an existing viewport select Viewport <viewport name>, 0 Main Viewport is the default name of the original window displayed when opening a drawing.
3.11 Setting up a drawing
3.11.1 New geometry preferences The preferences for drawing colour, line type, layer and hatch pattern are set under the Format menu. Select the desired option and the system will display a menu of available options for that setting. Select from the displayed menus by clicking on the desired setting. When a menu is active and the system is prompting you to select a setting it is possible to use the Options button and indicate an existing geometry. The system will then set the relevant value to that of the geometry selected.
3.11.2 Defaults To view/edit the defaults for the current drafting session use Format Defaults. The system will display a menu containing all the current default settings. A particular setting can be selected and edited, affecting the current drafting session only. It is also possible to store the changes made to the defaults but this should not be attempted by a user unless with relevant authorisation. The setting and maintenance of the master defaults is considered a task for the elected System Manager.
25
3.11.3 Drawing scale A Tribon drawing does not have one scale as such instead each view within the drawing has its own scale. As an example of this, main sections, elevations and plan views could be displayed at 1:50 while detail views could be shown at 1:5 or 1:10 etc. In a traditional hull-modelling scenario each view in the drawing is generated by the system and it is therefore very easy to modify the scale of each view. Therefore the initial scale is not a major concern as it can be modified at any time. However if the occasion arises where a new view is to be created using traditional drafting methods then it is important to set the correct scale before constructing the view. To start a new view with a new drawing scale use Tools Subpicture Current Alternatively use the Current Subpicture button on the Subpicture toolbar. The system will display the current drawing scale in the message window and display the menu shown. Click 4 New drawing scale and the system will display the following dialogue box:
The system will automatically display the scale set in the defaults. Modify the scale as required and click the OK button. Note, it is not necessary to type the full string, entering 100 has the same effect as entering 1:100.
The system will redisplay the original menu and the message window will contain information regarding the new drawing scale created. Any geometry created will now appear at the new scale. If it becomes necessary to add geometry to an existing view it is important to make that view current. Making the view current ensures the correct scale is applied to any additional geometry added to a view. To make a view current select 1 Existing from the menu displayed above. Indicate the desired view and select level 1. The various view levels will be discussed later in the course.
3.11.4 Title block The creation and maintenance of standard drawing forms for a shipyard is considered a task for the Tribon manager and is therefore covered in the Tribon Managers training course. However after creating these drawing forms the possibility exists to fill in the title block for the drawing via an input form. This ensures all title blocks appear the same as it standardises text style and text height. To complete the title block via the input form use File Properties The system will display the following form. Fill in the fields relevant to your particular drawing form and click the OK button. The system will automatically update the fields in the title block with the information submitted in the form.
26
Exercise 1 1. Select the training sub-project TTP-Drafting and start a drafting session.
2. Create a new drawing with an A1-Tribon drawing form.
3. Examine the title block and practice using the zoom and pan functions.
4. Add the following information to the title block using the input form. Drawing no: 123-45 Title: BLOCK1 Drawn by: <Your name> Dep: Hull Date: dd-mmm Scale: 1:100 Tot.sheet.no: 1 Check: AA Appr: BB
5. Save the drawing as Exercise 01
Chapter 4
4 Viewing the ship model. During this chapter we will be working with an existing model, which has been created, by the designers and modellers at Aveva Solutions. The modelling functions will be covered in later training courses.
4.1 The Tribon view concept A traditional production drawing is made of a series of ‘views’ i.e. Sections, Elevations, Plans and Detail views of a section of the ship. An example is shown opposite. When a Tribon drawing is plotted the Tribon views appear just as any 2D drafting output would appear. However the main differences and advantages of Tribon views become apparent when a drawing is open on the screen. These ‘views’ are actually a live window into the Tribon 3D model. Each view is a user-defined slice through the model and is capable of displaying all objects in the model at any given time. This constant updating of the views is a great advantage when actually modelling the steel structure. For example, if you create a new drawing, and create all the views that you think you will require for production, then start modelling your steel work, the system will update every view on the drawing as you create the structure. This means if you model a bulkhead in a view at Frame 133, the bulkhead will automatically appear in all other elevation, plan and detail views. This goes a long way to removing the possibility of forgetting to add a part to a view, or imagining it will appear differently than it actually does in another view.As well as being used to create final drawings, the Tribon views are also used during the creation of the steel structure. The basic modelling method is to create a view at the position you wish to model something, and then interactively use any existing panels in the view to reference the new panel too.
4.2 Adding a new model projection to the drawing. To create a new model projection or view to a drawing select Insert Model. Or press the button on the standard tool bar.
The input model dialogue will then appear
Or
28
There are 3 main steps to adding a model projection to a drawing. 1. Select how to add model
objects to workspace 2. Collect the type of model
objects to add to workspace 3. Define the view to which the
collected objects are to be added.
1. First select New as the way to
add objects to the workspace.
New: Will create a new view containing the selected objects. All: Will add the selected objects to all views in the workspace (if no view exists a new one will be created. Single: Allows the user to select a single view to add the objects to. Multiple: Will add objects to multiple views selected by the user. Existing: Will add objects to all existing views. 2a. Now select Plane Panel as the type of model objects to add. This will ensure that only plane panels are selected in the selection process. 2b. Now key in the name of the model object you wish to select, wildcards are accepted. (Note: multiple wild cards may be used separated by a comma e.g. BLOCK1*,BLOCK2*). 2c. If you are sure about the name that you have entered, press All to automatically select all objects.
Using Verify will display a list of selected objects. After the system has searched for the requested objects the number collected is displayed. 2d. Press OK when you are ready to add the objects to the workspace/drawing. 3. As it is a new view you will be asked to select a projection for the view.
How to add model objects Project name
Type of objects to select Name of object, Wildcard search
Verify selected objects Number of collected objects
29
With the cursor, place the new model projection in the workspace. Note that only the first object is displayed at this stage.
When placed press (Operation Complete) to input the rest of the model objects.
To learn more about creating customised projections see The M2 Drafting, User Guide, Model Viewing and General Drafting, Common functions and routines, Select projection.
The position of the complete View / Subpicture can be moved to an exact position by using a transformation function see chapter 4.20 The model objects will appear in the system designated colours.
4.3 Changing an existing view. To change the isometric view in this drawing to a section view.
First select Tools Model View Change Projection Select the view you wish to change. Select a new view from the pre-sets or create a customised view with the options.
To learn more about
creating customised projections see The M2 Drafting, User Guide, Model Viewing and General Drafting, Common functions and routines, Select projection.
30
Press (Operation Complete) to complete the operation.
4.4 Copy model objects from an existing view to a new view To copy the objects from one view to another, select Tools Model Copy
Now select the objects you wish to copy by indicating in a view To select all objects in a view select level one Levels 2 and 3 will select individual model objects and their component parts respectively.
Press (Operation Complete) to select all the objects to the memory.
Elevation looking to Port (XZ) View
31
You can then indicate an existing view to copy objects to or press
(options) to create a new view Select a projection option, the copied objects will be placed in a new view at the selected projection.
Indicate to place the view in the drawing.
Press (Operation Complete) to finish.
4.5 Model draw codes The detail at which the model is displayed in the workspace can be controlled by the model draw code for example.
To change the model draw codes select Tools Preferences. The draw codes can be changed by accessing the tree on the right of the property sheet. When adding a model view the new settings will take affect. When exchanging a model view select 2 Defaults in the Model draw code form to change the codes of an existing model view.
Valid model draw codes for all types of model objects are listed and explained in the TRIBON M3 Drafting User's Guide, Appendices, Drafting Default File Keywords, Drawing Codes.
Low level of detail (Only basic material is
shown)
High level of detail (Plates, profiles, cutouts,
clips are displayed)
32
4.6 Applying hidden line removal to a view An alternative method of clarifying a 3D presentation view is to apply hidden line removal to the view. Use Tools Model Present Select the parts to process by indicating a view and selecting level 1.
Press (Operation Complete) Select Yes to confirm the correct view has been selected. Select 1 Hidden line
Indicate the view to which the hidden line removal will be applied. The following screen is displayed, select Yes to continue with current selection.
Select the option for displaying the hidden line removal. 1 Display Temporary display of the result for checking 2 Save Subpicture Saves the result as a subpicture which can
be inserted to other drawings
3 Add to drawing Adds as a new view in the current drawing. 4 Exchange in drawing Updates the previously selected view in the current drawing
Press Operation Complete to terminate the function.
33
4.7 Creating a symbolic view. To create a view a drawing must be active in the Planar Hull Modelling Session. Start the function Planar View Create. The resulting menu is made up of three separate tabs, Plane, Limits and Select. The Plane Tab
Name: Assign a name to the view. The name used should be unique within the drawing. Note: It is important that a name assigned to an existing Tribon object is not used as the name of the view. Therefore never use a drawing name, a panel name or a block name as the name of a view. Scale 1: Controls the scale of the text and symbols in the resultant view. Note: This value does not control the overall scale of the resultant view this should be manipulated by the use of the transform sub-picture function. Plane: X:The resulting view will be a transverse section, typically on a frame. If this option is activated the X: Origin field will become active, enter the desired value i.e. FR121 for a section at frame 121. Y: The resulting view will be a longitudinal elevation. If this option is activated the Y: Origin field will become active and the desired value should be entered i.e. LP0 for an elevation on centreline. Z: The resulting view will be a plan view. If this option is activated the Z: Origin field will become active and the desired value should be entered i.e. 7000 for a plan view at 7000 above base.
3 Points: The plane of the resulting view will be defined by three points. If this option is activated all 9 fields will become active and the user should define an Origin, U-axis and V-axis by giving an X, Y and Z value for each. This option is used to define non-orthogonal views. Panel: The plane of the resulting view will be defined by an existing panel. If this option is activated the Name field will become active and the name of the desired panel should be entered. If the panel to be used for the plane is the starboard instance of a reflected panel then the Reflect box should be checked. The Name field will default to Panel, which means the plane for the plates in the main panel will be used to define the view. However it is possible to select a particular Bracket, Stiffener or Flange to further define the view. If one of these options is selected the relevant Component No should also be added so the system knows which Bracket, Stiffener or Flange to use to define the view. The Current Panel Only box should be checked if the user desired only the named panel to appear in the resulting view. Curve: The plane of the resulting view will be defined by an existing hull curve. If this option is activated the Name field will become active and the name of the desired curve should be entered. RSO: The plane of the resulting view will be defined by an existing Reference Surface Object. If this option is activated the Name field will become active and the name of the desired RSO should be entered. Note: Reference Surface Objects are created in Tribon Initial Design and are used to define compartmentation for the vessel to be used in Naval Architecture Calculations. Looking: For: The resulting view will look from Aft Fore Aft: The resulting view will look from Fore Aft PS: The resulting view will look from Starboard Port SB: The resulting view will look from Port Starboard Top: The resulting view will look from Bottom Top Bot: The resulting view will look from Top Bottom
The Tribon default directions for views are as follows: Sections Looking aft, Plans Looking down and Elevations Looking to port. Any subsequent reference in this document, to a Tribon View, assumes these directions have been used.
Pick: If the current drawing already contains views then it is possible to select one of these and the system will fill out the fields in the form to match those used to create the selected view. After the form has been populated it is possible to change the view name and create a new view using the selected views values. To get values from an existing view click the Pick button. The system will prompt ‘Indicate view’. Use the cursor to indicate the desired view in the drawing. The system will return to the view create form having filled in the fields with the values from the indicated view. Replace Existing View: If this box is checked the system will replace an existing view instead of creating a new one. If the Pick button has been used the system will automatically replace the view previously selected when the form is submitted. If the Pick button was not used the system will prompt the user to select a view to be replaced.
34
The Limits Tab Limits: Defines the extents of the resulting view. If all fields are left blank the resulting view will have the maximum extents. If a plan view (Z plane) or section (X plane) is being created it is possible to click the Portside or Starboard buttons and limit the view to that particular side of the ship. These buttons are not applicable to elevations. The Any button will return the form so the full ship is included in the view, i.e. both Port and Starboard. Depth: Define the depth before and behind the view plane.
The Select Tab Design View: The resulting view will be based on the design structure of the model i.e. Blocks, Panels, Shell profiles, Seams and Butts, etc. Selecting this option will result in all fields in the Shell and Planar menus remaining active, while the Assemblies field will remain inactive. Assembly View: The resulting view will be based on the assembly structure of the model. Selecting this option will result in all fields in the Shell and Planar menus becoming inactive, while the Assemblies field will become active. Shell: Curve: Existing: If a curve has already been created and stored (using the project defined prefix) at the exact plane of the view to be created then the system will use this curve in the resulting view.
By Name: If this option is selected the Name field will be activated and the name of any previously stored curve can be given. This curve will then be used in the resulting view.
Cut: The system will cut a new curve in the plane of the view to be created.
None: No hull curves will be in the resulting view. Seams: If this box is checked the system will automatically add any seams/butts crossing the plane of the resulting view. Profiles: If this box is checked the system will automatically add any shell profiles crossing the plane of the resulting view or in the plane of the resulting view. Planar: Automatic Selection: If this box is checked the system will automatically add all relevant planar panels to the resulting view. Draw Planeviews: If this box is checked the system will display planar panels lying in the same plane as the resulting view. If the box is not checked the system will omit these panels from the view. Draw RSO’s: If this box is checked the system will automatically add all relevant Reference Surface Objects to the resulting view. Draw as Plate: Controls the behaviour of the system when interactive selections are made in the resulting view. If this box is checked the system will ignore any sub-components in a plate, e.g. if a hole was indicated the system would ignore the hole and highlight the plate it belonged to. If this box is not checked the system works at the lowest level component and will therefore recognise holes, cutouts, notches, etc.
35
Draw Intersections: If this box is checked the system will display all planar panels crossing the plane of the resulting view. If the box is not checked the system will omit these panels from the resulting view. Blocks: Key in the name of a specific Block to be included in the view. Check the Exclude box to omit a Block from the view. Panels: Key in the name of a specific Panel to be included in the view. Check the Exclude box to omit a Panel from the view. Assemblies: Key in name of assembly. Only relevant with Assembly View. The Outfit Tab Select types of outfit items The Misc Tab Used to include a co-ordinate axis within the view. to be included in the view. Axis position may be selected from the drop down
list.
Co-ordinate axis for section view shown above.
4.8 Recreate an existing view. If a view already exists on a drawing it is possible to update it with the very latest model information by recreating it. This instructs the system to interrogate the model and update any changes to objects already in the view and add any new model objects if desired. 1. Use the function Planar View Recreate. 2. The system will prompt ‘Indicate view or All’. Either indicate a desired view to recreate or use the All button to
recreate all planar views on the drawing. This option does not deal with views created by ‘3D Pres’, they must be "exchanged " to bring them up to date.
4.9 Modify an existing view. If a view already exists on a drawing it is possible to display the input menus used to create it, modify them, and regenerate the view as required. 1. Use the function Planar View Create. 2. When the input menu appears, check the Replace existing view box then click the Pick button. 3. The system will then prompt ‘Indicate view’ 4. Indicate the view to be modified. 5. The system will display the first menu again, but this time it will contain the input used to generate the original view. 6. Progress through the menu tabs as detailed earlier, changing all relevant input as required. 7. Select OK when ready. The system will regenerate the original view using the modified input data specified.
36
4.10 Modify the limits of a view. Amending the menu input described in Chapter 3.4 can modify the limits of a view. However the limits can also be modified interactively by indicating the desired limits on the screen. 1. Use the function Planar View Modify. 2. The following options will appear: 3. Select option 4 Modify limits. The system will prompt ‘Indicate view’ 4. Indicate the view that you wish to modify. (A rectangle will be drawn
around the view). 5. If the view with the rectangle is the one you wish to modify click Yes on the displayed dialogue box. 6. The system will prompt ‘First cp’. Indicate the first corner of the desired limits. 7. The system will prompt ‘Next cp’. Indicate the second corner of the desired limits. 8. The system will create a rectangle from your two indications and redisplay the OK? prompt. 9. Click Yes if happy with the rectangle. The system will return to the original 4 choice menu.
Click Cancel to exit the function.
4.11 Detail Views. As well as creating all the required views for the generation of panels, and the creation of drawings, the system can also produce detailed views of existing Flanges, Stiffeners, Brackets and Seams. As well as specific functions for the objects previously mentioned, there is also the Two cp’s option, which allows a quick view to be generated anywhere in the ship to help visualise the 3D model.
4.11.1 Creating a detail view of Flanges, Stiffeners, Brackets or Seams Use the function Planar View Detail, the following menu will appear: Select either; 2, 3, 4 or 5 to suit the object that you wish to make a detail of. The system will prompt ‘Identify’ for Flanges, Stiffeners and Brackets or ‘Indicate Seam’ for Seams. Indicate the specific object you want detailed. The system will now produce a detail view of the object selected. Indicate a position on the drawing to place the view.
For details of Seams you must have the Extended Bevel handling option. When indicating stiffeners do so in a plane view not a section view. If a detail of a particular end of a stiffener is required indicate near that end. If a detail of a whole stiffener is required indicate in the middle third of the stiffener.
4.11.2 Creating a detail view of multiple objects. The options described in Chapter 4.11.1 basically give a detail view of one object. If a detail view is required for several objects then the Two cp’s option should be used. This allows you to define a view plane, define the direction of the view and also define the extent of the view. To create a detail view using the Two cp’s option: Use the function Planar View Detail. Select option 1 Two cp’s The system will prompt ‘Cursor position’. If we use the example shown on the next page, we require a view in way of one of the deck longitudinals, a bulkhead bracket and a bulkhead flange.
37
Indicate two cursor positions as shown below.
The system will join the two-cursor positions with a line and display the following prompt:
Use the Options button. The system will prompt ‘Indicate side of view and depth before’ ‘Cursor position’ The next indication you make will define which side of the line you are looking from. The system will prompt ‘Depth behind!’ ‘Cursor position’ The second indication (on the other side of the line) will indicate the depth of the view from the starting indication. Indicate as shown below.
The system will display the following input dialogue box:
In the example we are using the floor at frame 30. The system is now prompting for a value for the extension of the detail view before frame 30. For this example use 1000 and click OK. The system will display the following input dialogue box: The system is now prompting for a value for the extension of the detail view aft of frame 30. For this example use 1000 and click OK. The system will now display the menu shown on the next page.
38
Make all the desired selections to include/exclude panels, blocks, curves, etc in the view. Alternatively just click the OK button on the menu and the system will automatically display all relevant objects in the detail view. The system will now generate the view and request the user to position it on the drawing. The view in this case will appear as shown below:
The two dimensions show the extensions requested fore and aft of the view.
Exercise 2 Using an A1-Tribon drawing form, create a 3D presentation view including BLOCK1.Use a scale of 1:100. Create a symbolic view at frame 59 as shown below.
Change
39
the 3D presentation view to an elevation projection and modify the extent of the symbolic view using a Z max of 6000, also change the symbolic view scale to 1:50 and transform as shown below.
Add a detail view using two CP’s (location used = LP10), and a detail view of the vertical seam as shown. Save the bracket detail as a sub-picture named BKT1. Save the drawing.as Exercise02
40
4.12 Add Rulers to an existing view. When a project is set up in Tribon a number of tables are created in the background. Some of these tables contain the co-ordinates of the Frames and Longitudinal positions for the ship. Therefore it is possible to add a centreline, baseline, frame ruler, longitudinal ruler, etc to any Tribon view created on a principle plane. To do this carry out the following steps: 1. Use the function Annotate Position Ruler. 2. The system will prompt ‘Indicate model view’. Click on the view
you wish to add a ruler to. 3. The system will draw a rectangle around the view selected and
display the following menu:
Only the relevant rulers for the view selected will be available, other rulers will be greyed out. 4. Select the item that you wish to add to the view, the system will prompt ‘Locate ruler’. 5. Click once in the drawing to position the ruler.
The system will now prompt ‘Trim ruler by cursor position’. If required adjust the extent of the ruler by indicating on the screen. If extent is OK then use the OC button.
6. The system will now redisplay the 3D Ruler menu shown previously. Either add another ruler to the same view or
use the Cancel button if no more rulers are required in the active view. 7. The system will prompt ‘Indicate model view’. Either indicate another view to add rulers to or use the OC button to
completely end the function.
4.13 How to add text (key in)
Select Insert Text, Single line or In the input window key in the text you wish to add to the drawing. Select OK when finished.
Options will allow you to set the height, rotation, aspects, slanting, interline spacing and font before you place the text. Move the cursor to the position you want to place the text, then click to place the text.
If you wish to change the text size press the (Options) button before positioning the text.
41
Multi-line text can be added by selecting Insert Text, Multi line In the input window key in the text you wish to add to the drawing, (pressing the return key will allow you to move to the next line). Select OK when finished. For placing and modification of text: follow instructions for single line text above. To modify text after placing it select Modify Properties Text
4.13.1 Options for Text. When placing text, if the Options button is selected, the following menu will be displayed. Select 1 Properties and the relevant options will be displayed as shown below.
Fonts Standard Windows fonts selection. Font style Bold, Regular or Italic. Size Text height. Aspect The width of the characters and spaces between the characters as a ratio of 1, e.g. 0.5 will produce text and spaces at half normal width. Slant Text inclination. Interline Space Space between each line of text. Copy Prop Select existing text to match properties.
Select 2 Rotation and the relevant options will be displayed as shown opposite. 1 Standard The default angle will be used. 2 Key in Key in the new angle select OK then select the text. 3 Same as Select existing text already placed at the required angle, thenselect the text to be changed. 4 Two positions Indicate two positions to define the required angle. After placing text use menu item Edit >Text to modify the contents of the text. To change the properties (size, font, angle etc.) of the text after placing use Modify>Properties>Text the following menu will be displayed.
42
4.14 Introduction to Subpictures When a model view is created it will display model objects (pipes, panels, cableways and equipment) and these in turn will consist of components, (e.g. valves, brackets and plates). Each model view and its component parts will belong to what is called a subpicture. Subpictures consist of up to 3 levels:
A VIEW will be created from the input model function.
It will consist of a number of SUBVIEWS, one for each model object in the view.
The SUBVIEW in turn will be made up of a number of COMPONENTS, one for each part that the model object consists of.
E.g. A drawing can be made up of a number of separate views, each view will be placed at level 1. Each of these views may consist of a number of model objects (e.g. panels), each placed at level 2. Each of these model objects may be made up from one or more components (e.g. plates, stiffeners, bkts, etc.), these will be placed at level 3.
4.15 The Drawing Structure
Each level of the subpicture can be manipulated as a group; this means they can be moved and edited as one and can be stored and added to drawings as separate entities.
Drawing View Sub-View COMPONENT
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
43
4.16 Current subpicture. During normal use of the system there will always be a current subpicture. Any new geometry, text, etc., will belong to this current subpicture and its scale will be the set by the subpicture. The Subpicture Current function controls the current subpicture. The following options are displayed: Existing Select (with cursor) an existing subpicture to edit or add to.
New system choice Create a new subpicture dependent on next selection. (level 2 if geometry is indicated, level 3 if a
model object is indicated) New user choice Will create a new subpicture, the user defines the level by indicating the owner. If the owner is at
level 2 then level 3 subpicture created and so on. New drawing scale Will create a new level 1 view with a user-defined drawing scale.
Automatic Will automatically select a subpicture for new entities, based on the closest entity (next selection)
or connected entity i.e. nodes on contour belong to the same subpicture as the contour. This means all geometry drawn will be to the correct scale, i.e. same as subpicture.
The most common use of this function is to make an existing subpicture current so that something can be added to it.
4.16.1 Make an existing subpicture current When adding elements, e.g., text, to a drawing containing multiple views, the subpicture with which the elements are to be associated must be selected as the current subpicture before adding the elements. Select Subpicture Current from the Tools menu.or select the Current Subpicture button on the Subpicture toolbar
.
Choose option Existing then indicate an existing subpicture. CP (cursor position) View the message line to see status
4.17 Create new subpicture (level 1 view) To create a new subpicture we can use one of the New options To create a new view (level 1) with the default scale, use New Users Choice Press Operation Complete to make a new view. To create a new view with a new scale use, New Drawing Scale Key in the desired drawing scale e.g. 100
44
4.18 Create new subview (level 2) The easiest way to create a new subview is with option New, Users Choice There must be an existing subpicture. To create a new subview (level 2) select, New Users Choice Indicate an existing subpicture (level1) Choose level 1 (CTRL +1) Read the message line to ensure what has been executed. A new subview will be connected to highlighted view Current drawing scale is 1:50
4.19 Create new component (level 3) The easiest way to create a new component (level 3) is with option New, Users Choice There must be an existing subpicture. Select New Users Choice Indicate an existing subview (level2) Choose level 2 (CTRL +2) Read the message line to ensure what has been executed. A new component will be connected to highlighted subview Current drawing scale is 1:50
4.20 Transform a subpicture The appearance of a Subpicture can be changed using a transformation. These include moving, scaling and rotating. A Subpicture can be transformed on any of its three levels hence the importance of splitting and regrouping (See chapter 4.22).
To transform a Subpicture select Modify Transform Subpicture or select on the Subpicture toolbar
Select the subpicture to be transformed. Choose a level using the subpicture level tool bar (or CTRL+ number)
The subpicture is highlighted. It can now simply be dragged to a new position or
rotated after pressing (Options). Note: All of the transformation options are available (See 4.20.1 Ways to Transform).
AAfftteerr tthhee ssuubbppiiccttuurree iiss mmoovveedd ttoo tthhee ddeessiirreedd
llooccaattiioonn pprreessss,, ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
1 2
3
45
4.20.1 Ways to transform. When an entity is selected to transform, the way to transform toolbar will be displayed.
When using way to transform it is important to look at the message line to see what the system is expecting. It must say 'choose transformation' before way to transform can be used.
The most commonly used transformations when laying out symbolic views in a drawing are scale and a combination of Move Two Positions and either Lock U or Lock V, to align the node points of either the base lines or centrelines of two views.
Scale: Key in the absolute scale of the Subpicture i.e. key in 25 (Scale = 1 to 25) Select OK. when finished. Move two Positions: Select a point relative to the subpicture, then a new point to where the reference point is to be moved.
1. Select a reference point relative to the sub picture, 2. Then a new point where the reference point is to move.
Lock vertical: If this is pressed before making a transformation the vertical component will be locked and only the rotation or horizontal position can be changed.
Lock horizontal: If this is pressed before making a transformation the horizontal component will be locked and only the rotation or vertical position can be changed.
Refer to section 5.6.2 for a full list of transformations.
4.21 Copy a subpicture Each Subpicture can be copied on any of its three levels; a copy will retain a link to the original subpicture thus allowing copies of subpictures to be updated using exchange. To copy a subpicture: Select Modify Copy Subpicture or select the icon on the subpicture toolbar Indicate the subpicture to be copied and select the appropriate level. Key in the number of copies you wish to make. Perform a transformation on the subpicture.
Press (Operation Complete) until all copies appear in the workspace.
1. NODE POINT 2. MID
POINT RESULT
46
Exercise 3 Open a new drawing using the A1 drawing form. Create the following views. (The system will automatically assign a unique name to each view. You may however override the system names, when doing so, avoid using the same name for panels and views). 1. Plan view at 5600 above base 2. Plan view at 9800 above base 3. Elevation at LP3 4. Elevation at LP8 5. Elevation at LP13 6. Section at Frame 65 7. Section at Frame 73 8. Section at Frame 81 9. A ‘new’ Input Model view using BLOCK2 in the Module field for Planar Panels. For the Plan, and Elevations use: X-AFT = FR58 X-FWD = FR88 For the Elevation and Sections use: Z max = 10000 After generating each view, use ‘Way to Transform’ to set the scale to 1:100 for each view. Add text and rulers and arrange the views as shown below, remember to associate the text with the correct sub-picture.
Store the drawing as Exercise03
47
4.22 Re-use of Subpictures All subpictures may be stored on a databank and later added to a drawing. They will be stored on the subpicture databank (defined by the logical SBD_PICT). In order to save a particular subpicture, it may be necessary to split a drawing into several subpictures.
4.22.1 To split level 1. (Create new view) Select Tools Subpicture Split
OR
Select a subpicture. Choose level 1 as the working level. This means a new level 1 owner will be created. Select how to Choose geometry from the options: Auto Let the system create a separate owner for each entity
selected. Subordinate Create a new owner for the subordinate (other
Subpicture on drawing with lower level) entities selected.
Geometry Create a new owner for the geometry selected. Polygon (CUT) Create a new owner for the geometry selected by an
enclosing polygon/rectangle. Area (CUT) Create a new owner for the geometry selected by an
enclosing general area Set NO CUT Toggle (CUT) feature. If cut is set, geometry
intersecting the polygon/general area will be included in the split, if not only the geometry completely inside the polygon/area will be included.
In this case select either a single geometric entity (Geometry) or a group of entities selected by surrounding with a polyline (Polygon) Select the geometry with the cursor or by drawing a polygon around them then confirm the area selected and the split operation. (Options to toggle polygon or rectangle)
The split function will now create a new owner on the working level (in this case 1). So the geometry selected will belong to a new level 1 view.
Polygon to select the geometry to split
48
4.22.2 Split level 2 (Create new subview) To create new subviews and components in a subpicture select a working level of 2 or 3. This will 'split' or move the selected items into a new subview or component respectively. Select subpicture. Choose level 2 of subpicture as the working level. Now select the geometry you wish to move to a new sub-view or component.
Result new level 2 subpicture.
4.22.3 Regroup Subpicture This function allows the user to move entities from one owner to another. This means entities in 2 separate subpictures can be grouped together.
In this case the component from sub-view 2 is moved to subview 1 and thus view 1> sub-view 1 are its new owners.
In this case the component from sub-view 2 has moved to subview 1 and thus it has a new sub-view owner but belongs to the same view.
To regroup two separate level 1 subpictures; Select Tools Subpicture Regroup Here we want to regroup Section 8-G with the other 8* sections Select with cursor the subpicture you want to regroup the items to. (The new owner) Select the level 1, as you want to regroup the other entities as a sub-view to this existing view. Once again there is a multiple-choice menu to determine how the user selects geometry to regroup.
49
Subordinate Move subordinates, indicated by the user to another
owner. Neighbour Move all subordinates of neighbours, indicated by the
user to another owner. Geometry Move all geometry indicated by the user to another
owner. Polygon (CUT) Move all geometry selected by an enclosing
polygon/rectangle to another owner. Area (CUT) Move all geometry selected by an enclosing general
area to another owner. Set NO CUT Toggle (CUT) feature. If cut is set, geometry
intersecting the polygon/general area will be included in the regroup if not only the geometry completely inside the polygon/area will be included.
Select Polygon (NO CUT) to allow the whole detail to be selected. Indicate the geometry you wish to capture (see below left).
Press operation complete then YES to accept the regrouping. The selected subpicture will now be a subordinate (in this case a level 2 subview) of the owner subpicture (see above right).
4.22.4 Output subpicture To store a subpicture (save to databank) select Tools Subpicture Save Select the subpicture and level you wish to output.
50
KKeeyy iinn aa nnaammee wwiitthh wwhhiicchh tthhee ssuubbppiiccttuurree iiss ttoo bbee ssttoorreedd.. Check to confirm that the subpicture has been stored in the message window.
4.22.5 Input subpicture Select Insert Subpicture to add a stored subpicture to a drawing. Key in the name of subpicture to input or use wildcards. Select from the list. Select Insert. Place the Subpicture in the workspace.
Press (Operation Complete)
Exercise 4 Open the drawing created in Exercise 2. Save the level 1 subpicture of the bracket detail, to the subpicture databank and name it BKT1. Create a new drawing using an A2 Tribon form. Create a symbolic view at Z = 2100 (Xmin=FR25, Xmax=FR60) Input the bracket detail BKT1 subpicture at 1:20 scale. Modify the limits to appear as shown opposite Save the drawing as EXERCISE04.
Chapter 5
5 Basic geometry As a hull user the vast majority of your work will involve modelling the ship’s structure. The actual drawing of the steel structure is a by-product of this modelling therefore the need to simply draw something using basic geometry should not arise very often. However, as this may be a requirement at some stage, we will cover the creation of basic geometry using traditional drafting functions.
5.1 Creating geometry
5.1.1 Points Points in drawings are represented as a small cross. The actual need to display a point and see the cross on a drawing plot is not very common; therefore we seldom actually create points in a drawing. However, points are used extensively when creating/positioning geometry. To avoid the need to have these small crosses all over the drawing, a particular point type can be selected and after an indication in the drawing, the system will create a temporary point allowing the creation of basic geometry.
Cursor point. A point at the cursor position when the mouse is clicked.
Node point. A point at the closest end point of an entity.
Key in co-ordinates of a point. A point specified by u,v co-ordinates.
Event point. When in drawing mode will be at closest connection point.
Midpoint. A point at the closest midpoint of entity.
Intersection point. A point at the closest intersection of two entities.
Nearest point. A point at the nearest part of the nearest entity
Existing point. A point at the nearest existing point on the drawing
Centre of Arc. A point at the centre of the closest arc
Arc by angle. A point on the closest arc at an angle specified. (0 at horizontal and +ve anti clockwise)
Distance along a Contour. A point at a user specified distance along an entity. Distance taken from end closest to indication of entity.
Centre of Gravity. A point at the centre of area of an enclosed contour.
Symbol connection. A point at the closest symbol connection point.
Offset current point. A point offset by (∆u, ∆v) from the current point.
Automatic point. A point at the closest node, midpoint or intersection as defined by the user.
Add offset. A point offset from the next point defined. (the next point defined will use the point mode selected before the Add offset mode).
To actually add a point to a drawing, use Insert Point.
52
Alternatively use the Point button on the geometry toolbar. Select the particular point definition required from the 2D Point mode toolbar and indicate as required. The image below shows examples of the various point types:
53
5.1.2 Lines To create a line use Insert Line Alternatively use the Line button on the geometry toolbar. The following line type buttons will be added to the geometry toolbar. Line between 2 points. Indicate start and end (see point selection)
Line through point at angle to existing line. Indicate a point and existing line key in angle in box. Horizontal line. Indicate a vertical position for the line. Vertical line. Indicate a horizontal position for the line. Parallel line. Indicate line and key in distance in box. Perpendicular line through point. Indicate line and point. Line at tangent to arc and through point. Indicate arc and point. Line at tangent to arc and parallel to line. Indicate arc and line. Line at tangent to arc and perpendicular to line. Indicate arc and line. Line at tangent to 2 arcs. Indicate arcs.
5.1.3 Arcs To create an arc use Insert Arc Alternatively use the Arc button on the geometry toolbar. The following arc type buttons will be added to the geometry toolbar. Arc through 3 points. Indicate 3 points that the arc must pass through.
Centre and radius. Indicate a point and key in radius in box. 2 points and amplitude. Indicate two points and key in amplitude. 2 points and radius. Indicate two points and key in a radius. Centre point and point on arc. Indicate a centre point and a point on the circumference. Centre point and tangent. Indicate point and line. Two tangents and radius. Indicate two converging lines and key in a radius. 3 tangents. Indicate 3 lines.
Result
Indicate line (1) Indicate point
(node at 2)
Example
2
1
54
5.2 Modifying geometry
5.2.1 Colour To modify the colour of an existing geometry use Modify Colour The system will display the following menu: Scroll through the available colours until the desired colour appears in the window. Click the OK button. The system will prompt Indicate any geometry Click on the desired geometry and the system will change its colour. Use the OC button to return to the colour menu or use the Quit button to completely exit the function.
5.2.2 Line type To modify the line type of an existing geometry use Modify Line type The system will display the following menu: Choose the desired line type by selecting it in the Line Type Selection window. (Use the scroll bar to access additional line styles). Click the OK button. The system will prompt Indicate any geometry Click on the desired geometry and the system will change the line type.. Use the OC button to return to the line type menu or use the Quit button to completely exit the function.
5.2.3 Modifying Properties at Subpicture level. To modify groups of items contained within a subpicture or component select Modify General select a subpicture, select the level to be modified. The following menu will be displayed. If we use option 5 Colour as an example, selected a colour from the drop down menu. Select OK
All items of the selected colour within the subpicture level will be activated ready for modification. We can modify any of the properties of the activated group, e.g. we may change the colour, or we may keep the original colour and change the line type. After any selections have been made, select OC. Repaint the picture for the changes to be seen.
55
5.3 Trimming To trim entities use Modify Trim To Entity.
Follow the instructions on the message line. Indicating trimming line and line to be trimmed with the cursor.
It is important to select the right end of the contour to trim.
When using Trim To Entity, Press (Options) and this allows what type of entity to trim to: Point, Segment or Contour. When selected this mode will be current until changed.
(Operation Complete) will complete the current trim and allow selection of another trim knife.
5.3.1 Trim by length. It is possible to trim entities by specifying a length. There are 3 options. New length allows the user to key-in a new total length for the entity. Delta length allows the user to key-in a length to be added (+) or removed (-) from the end indicated by the user. Central angle allows the circumference of an arc to be changed with reference to the central angle of the arc.
Result
Indicate trimming segment
Indicate contour to trim
Indicate trimming segment Indicate contour to trim Result
New angle
Add delta angle
Key in end angle
56
5.3.2 Remove part of a geometry, Trim by Gap
We can trim parts of geometry by using Modify Trim Gap. The geometry to be trimmed against should already exist. Indicate contour to split. (1) IInnddiiccaattee ffiirrsstt ttrriimmmmiinngg sseeggmmeenntt ((22)) IInnddiiccaattee sseeccoonndd ttrriimmmmiinngg sseeggmmeenntt ((33))
Result KEEP NO KEEP
When asked for first trimming segment press (Options), this allows a cursor position to be selected for the trimming position.
5.3.3 Trim by Fillet To fillet an intersection between two line segments, use Modify Trim Fillet.
Select the type of fillet to apply by clicking the appropriate icon with the left mouse button.
Enter the required fillet dimension and press OK. Indicate the required line/line intersection in the quadrant where the fillet should be applied.
The chosen fillet type remains selected until a new fillet type is chosen. To choose a new fillet type press Options on the fillet dimension entry form.
A fillet can be added without trimming the adjacent lines, by using the function Insert > Fillet
1
2
3
57
5.4 Hatching To add hatching to a closed contour, select Insert Hatch Pattern. Now select a contour to add hatching to.
Select an inside and outside contour if a closed area is to be hatched. Confirm the selected area is to be hatched
Press (Operation Complete) to add the hatching.
Hatch patterns can be changed using Format Hatch Pattern Select the required hatch pattern to be the default.
(Note: If KEY-IN has been selected, input boxes will appear when Insert – Hatch pattern is selected. The user is prompted to key in the angle of the hatch pattern in the first dialogue box, and the line spacing of the hatch pattern in the second dialogue box).
5.5 Deleting geometry
5.5.1 Deleting an individual geometry To delete an individual geometry use Edit Delete Geometry The system will prompt Indicate any geometry. Indicate the geometry to delete; the system will highlight the selected geometry. When geometry is highlighted the user has three options:
1. Click the OC button and the highlighted geometry will be deleted and the function terminated 2. Indicate further geometry to be deleted, the system will highlight the newly indicated geometry and delete the
originally highlighted geometry.Click the Quit button and the highlighted geometry will not be deleted but the function will be terminated.
5.5.2 Deleting a group/area of geometry To delete a group/area use Edit Delete By area The system will prompt Indicate subpicture or All (Update Display ON). Click the All button and the system will display the menu shown opposite: Select whether to keep everything inside the indicated area or whether to delete everything inside the indicated area.
58
After selecting one of the options from the previous menu the system will display the menu shown opposite: Rect/polygon : Define the desired area using a rectangle or polygon, use the Options button to toggle between a rectangle and a polygon. General Area : Indicate an existing closed contour in the drawing to act as the definition of the desired area. After defining the area the system will prompt for confirmation, click the Yes button and the delete operation will take place.
Exercise 5
The bevel detail should be drawn actual size. The endcut and cutout details are drawn at a scale of 1:5.
59
5.5.3 Polylines A polyline is a continuous string of lines and arcs. Once constructed all the individual lines and arcs are considered as a single geometry by the system. To create a poly line use Insert Poly line Alternatively use the Poly line button on the geometry toolbar. When creating poly lines the default will be to make straight segments.
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee)) ttoo ssttaarrtt aannootthheerr ppoollyylliinnee oorr ((QQuuiitt)) ttoo eenndd ffuunnccttiioonn..
5.5.4 Splines To create a spline use Insert Spline Alternatively use the Spline button on the geometry toolbar. The system will display the menu shown opposite: Click 1 Create and the system will display the menu shown opposite: None: The system will calculate the tangent angle at all points. End Points: The user will key in tangent angles for the start and end point. The system will calculate all other tangent angles. All points: The user will key in tangent angles for all points used in the spline definition. After selecting one of the above options the system will prompt for indication of the points used to define the spline, if option 2 or 3 is used the system will also prompt for the relevant angles. After indicating the required points click the OC button. The system will display the resulting spline and ask if this is OK. If happy with the spline click the Yes button. The system will redisplay the original spline menu allowing the creating of a new spline or the editing of an existing spline, click the Quit button to completely exit the function. To edit an existing spline, use Insert Spline or use the Spline button on the geometry toolbar. Select 2 Change. The system will prompt Select spline node. Indicate the spline to modify near the point of the spline to be altered. The system will highlight the node point with a circle and draw a line indicating the current tangent angle set at that point. As well as highlighting the point the system will ask if the selection is OK, click Yes to continue with the modification. The system will display the menu shown opposite. New tangent: Define a new tangent angle for the node point. Move Point: Indicate a new position for the selected point. After modifying a point’s position or tangent, verify the change with the Yes button and then click the OC button and the system will regenerate the spline.
1
2
3
To define arc segments, select the relevant mode from the Geometry tool bar. (This can be changed at any time) The end of the existing polyline will be detected as the first point 1, indicate or select the second point 2, and then define point 3, see example opposite. The contour is then closed using the TwoPoints option.
60
5.5.5 Parallel Curves To create a parallel curve use Insert Parallel Curve Alternatively use the Parallel Curve button on the geometry toolbar. The system will prompt Indicate contour. Key the desire offset value into the field in the toolbar. Indicate the curve to be offset on the side you wish the offset to appear. The system will offset the curve and prompt for the indication of another curve. When all required curves have been offset use the OC button to exit the function.
5.5.6 Rectangle To create a rectangle use Insert Rectangle Alternatively use the Rectangle button on the geometry toolbar. Indicate corner one and then indicate corner two to define the rectangle.
5.5.7 Squares To create a square use Insert Square Alternatively use the Square button on the geometry toolbar. Indicate corner one and then indicate another point. The system will take the largest of the co-ordinates (U and V) and create a square of this dimension.
5.5.8 Conic To create a conic use Insert Conic Alternatively use the Conic button on the geometry toolbar. The following conic type buttons will be added to the geometry toolbar. Circumscribed rectangle. Indicate 2 points to create a rectangle into which the ellipse will fit.
Major and minor axis. Indicate an origin point, a point to define the direction and extent of the major axis and a point to define the direction and extent of the minor axis.
Focal point and major axis. Indicate two points and key in a length for the major axis
Focal points and point. Indicate two points and a point on the perimeter.
Segment data. Indicate start and end point, define amplitude vector and key in form factor.
End points, slope and point. Indicate start and end point, indicate start and end slope, indicate periphery point.
5.6 Moving and copying geometry
5.6.1 Moving geometry To move an individual geometry use Modify Transform Geometry Indicate the geometry to be moved and the system will highlight the selected geometry. Click once more in the drawing and the geometry will become attached to the cursor. Move to the desired position and indicate once more to position the geometry. If happy with the new position use the OC button to confirm the new position and end the function. If unhappy with the new position two options exist:
1. Use the Quit button and the geometry will return to its original position. 2. Click once more in the drawing and the geometry will again appear on the cursor, move to another new position
and click to place.
61
5.6.2 Ways to transform. Within the Tribon system there are many possibilities to move a geometry a specific distance or rotate it a specified angle.
When an entity is selected to transform, the way to transform toolbar will also appear.
When using way to transform it is important to look at the message line to see what the system is expecting. It must say 'choose transformation' before way to transform can be used.
The above toolbar provides the following functionality:
Scale: Key in the absolute scale of the Subpicture i.e. 1:1 (Key in 1)
Move delta: Key in an offset (U,V) relative horizontal and vertical components, e.g. X, Y in plan view drawing.
Move two Positions: Select a point relative to the Subpicture, then a new point to where the reference point is to be moved.
1. Select a reference point relative to the Subpicture, 2. Then a new point where the reference point is to move.
Rotate Delta: Key in an angle for the Subpicture to rotate by. (It will rotate around a predefined centre, +ve = anticlockwise)
Rotate two positions: Rotate by two reference lines both fixed at the centre of rotation.
1. NODE POINT
2. MID POINT RESULT
62
Rotate predefined angle: Rotate by 45, 90, 180 and -90 degrees respectively.
Mirror: Mirror around the horizontal or vertical axes.
Parallel: Transform an entity so an edge is parallel and a distance from another straight line.
1. Select a segment on the item to transform 2. Select a segment to be parallel to 3. Key in the distance from this segment.
Transform 4 positions: 1. Transform by defining an axis between two positions 2. Then a new position for this axis (two more positions)
Along curve: Will transform an entity such that it will follow the path of a curve.
1. Indicate curve
2. Indicate where on the curve the entity is to be placed ( for start) 3. Indicate part of entity to be tangential with curve i.e. on the curve.
4. Indicate what part of this line is to be on the curve ( for start).
5. Press to complete.
2b. Nearest
Same as: Transform the same as an existing Subpicture; scale rotation and mirroring are accounted for
2a. Intersection
RESULT
1.
2. Nearest
3. Select the line 4. Node 5. Result
1a. Node
1b. Midpoint
63
Snap to: (ONLY VOLUMES) will transform primitives by snapping event points together.
Lock horizontal: If this is pressed before making a transformation the horizontal component will be locked and only the rotation or vertical position can be changed. Lock vertical: If this is pressed before making a transformation the vertical component will be locked and only the rotation or horizontal position can be changed.
Change centre of rotation (symmetry): By default a centre of rotation at the centre of the circumscribing rectangle is used for rotating transformations. This function can be used to move the centre of rotation and the centre for mirror functions.
1. Select a new position for the centre of rotation using point functions. 2. Press operation complete. 3. Continue with rotate transformation, now the centre of rotation will be as defined by user.
Toggle form detection: Usually the drawing form is undetectable when performing a transformation. This operation allows the form to be used in transformations such as move 2 positions.
During a basic transformation i.e. moving, press (Options) to toggle between free-displacing mode and free-rotating mode.
5.6.3 Copying geometry To copy an individual geometry use Modify Copy Geometry The system will prompt: Indicate any geometry (ALONG CURVE in Transformation toolbar available) Select the geometry to be copied. The system will display the following dialogue: Key in the desired number of copies and click the OK button. The system will prompt Choose transformation or pick item to drag At this point all of the Tribon transformation possibilities are available. Select the required transformation and follow the steps as explained in the previous section. When creating more than one copy the system will only show the first copy until OC is pressed. To copy using the cursor, click once in the drawing and a copy of the geometry will become attached to the cursor. Indicate a new position for the geometry and then click the OC button. The system will then secure the position of the first copy and generate any additional copies.
64
Chapter 6
6 Annotating a drawing
6.1 Dimensioning Measurements are divided into the following main categories:
LLiinneeaarr,, RRaaddiiuuss,, DDiiaammeetteerr,, AAnnggllee,, CCuurrvveedd LLeennggtthh,, AArreeaa,, DDiissttaannccee FFrroomm aa PPllaannee,, aanndd 33DD rruulleerrss The dimensioning functions make use of a variety of parameters that control the layout of the resulting measurements. When starting up a session, all these parameters are initialised from the application default file. The layout parameter settings of the Linear, Angle, Radius and Diameter measurements do not normally influence each other. However, the Co-ordinate, Curve Length and Area measurements share relevant layout parameters with the Linear set.
2D dimensioning is activated from the Dimension menu or the dimension toolbar.
6.1.1 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Normal) Select linear dimensioning. The linear dimensioning options will then appear on the screen as below. Select the options you need by clicking in the dialogue box i.e. Horizontal or Vertical
First measure point, Indicate node point of segment (1) Next measure point, Indicate node point of segment (2)
SSeelleecctt OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee))
LLooccaattee tthhee ddiimmeennssiioonn lliinnee
wwiitthh tthhee ccuurrssoorr ppoossiittiioonn
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
Indicate the two points you wish to measure between. Use point menu if needed, see Chapter 6.1.1
1 2
66
6.1.2 Parallel Linear dimensions (Normal) Select linear dimensioning. The linear dimensioning options will then appear on the screen as below. Select the options you need by clicking in the dialogue box i.e. Parallel
Indicate the line that the dimension is to be parallel to First measure point, Indicate node point of segment (1) Next measure point, Indicate node point of segment (2)
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee))
LLooccaattee ddiimmeennssiioonn
lliinnee wwiitthh ccuurrssoorr
ppoossiittiioonn
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee))
6.1.3 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Chain) Select linear dimensioning. The linear dimensioning options will then appear on the screen as below. Select the options you need by clicking in the dialogue box i.e. Horizontal or Vertical and Chain
Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (1) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (2) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (3) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (4)
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee)) LLooccaattee ddiimmeennssiioonn lliinnee wwiitthh ccuurrssoorr ppoossiittiioonn
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee))
1
2
1 2 3 4
67
6.1.4 Horizontal / Vertical Linear dimensions (Stair) Select linear dimensioning. The linear dimensioning options will then appear on the screen as below.
SSeelleecctt tthhee ooppttiioonnss yyoouu nneeeedd bbyy cclliicckkiinngg iinn tthhee ddiiaalloogguuee bbooxx ii..ee.. HHoorriizzoonnttaall oorr VVeerrttiiccaall aanndd SSttaaiirr
Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (1) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (2) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (3) Indicate position, Indicate node point of segment (4)
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee)) LLooccaattee ddiimmeennssiioonn lliinnee wwiitthh ccuurrssoorr ppoossiittiioonn
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn ccoommpplleettee))
6.1.5 Linear Dimension Parameters.
6.1.5.1 Direction 2D Linear measurements are divided into three types, namely Normal, Chain and Staircase Each type may be presented Horizontally, Vertically or Parallel to an arbitrary line.
6.1.5.2 Type Normal Presents the distances between successive measure points, along a common line. If the normal
measurement contains only two measure points (i.e. a single measured) distance it is called single, otherwise combined. A single measurement may be presented in four different ways.
Chain Presents the distances between a base point and a number of successive measure points, along a common dimension line. The base point equals the first supplied point.
Staircase Presents the distances between a base point and a number of successive measure points. The distances are presented along a common direction, but along separate dimension lines. The base point equals the first supplied point.
6.1.5.3 Tolerance The tolerance may be appended to the measure. There are two types of tolerances, symmetric and unsymmetrical.
Symmetric The symmetric tolerance consists of a single value, denoting the uniform deviation from the measured value. The height of the tolerance text will be the same as the height of the measure text.
1 2 3 4
68
Unsymmetrical The unsymmetrical tolerance consists of two values, denoting the upper and lower deviation from the measured value. The height of the tolerance text will be half the height of the measure text.
6.1.5.4 Advanced Select the Advanced button on the Dimensioning Linear dialogue box. The Dimension Parameter Settings Dialogue box appears.
1. No of dec The number of decimals to display in linear dimensions, the following dialogue box appears, key in the number of decimal places required.
2. Arrow AAlllloowwss 55 ddiifffferent choices for arrow type, i.e. Small, Medium, Wide, Slash, Dot. The following dialogue box appears, select the arrow type required. The following dialogue will be displayed, key in the size of the arrow to be used or accept the default. Select OK.
3.Text Height Size of displayed text, the following dialogue box appears, Key in Text Height required 4.Prefix/Suffix Prefix / Suffix to be added to the measure text, the following dialogue boxes appear, Key in Prefix / Suffix required
69
5 Tolerance A tolerance for the dimension set up may be amended, the following dialogue boxes appear, Key in Required tolerances for dimensions.
6 Fit A dimension will Shrink, Rotate or No adjust, the following dialogue boxes appear. Select the required parameter setting. 7 Text position The text position for the dimension may be changed. The following dialogue box appears. Select Above, Splitting or Rotated, the following dialogue box will be displayed. Select the required option.
70
6.1.6 Radius measure Select Dimension Radius and select the way you wish the dimension to be displayed. Then select the arc you wish to measure and place the text with the cursor
The advanced button works in the same way as for linear dimensions.
6.1.7 Diameter measure Select Dimension Diameter then, from the onscreen menu, select the options you want. Then select the arc you wish to measure and place the text with the cursor
The advanced and Tolerance buttons work in the same way as for linear dimensions
6.1.8 Angle measure Select Dimension Angle and select the presentation settings required.
The range of the angle measurement is selected by
toggling between or
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
The position of the angle measurement (in the 4 possible quadrants) determines the angle that is measured.
Locate reference arc. Indicate the two lines that form the angle to be measured.
Locate dimension text.
71
6.1.9 Dimension along Curve To measure between the end points of a curve along the contour of the curve. Select Dimension Curved, the Dimensioning Curved dialogue box will be displayed. Select any of the options (Normal, Chain etc., have the same effect as in Linear dimensioning, however Text Adjust will allow you to reposition the dimension text after placing the dimension). Indicate the Contour to measure.
Select (Operation Complete).
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee)) ttoo ppllaaccee tthhee ddiimmeennssiioonn..
6.1.10 Dimension along curve, between two points. To measure between 2 points along a curve there must be restriction points or cutting lines to allow a segment of the curve to be chosen for measurement. Select a curve Create restriction points by indicating intersection points.
(Options) allows the selection of individual segments to define the intersection point. Locate Dimension as before.
SSeelleecctt ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
6.1.11 Dimension Area Select Dimension Area from the menu, Select a closed contour or pick boundary to form Area required to be measure.
Press (Operation Complete) to calculate Area Position the measurement.
PPrreessss ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
Locate the dimension line.
72
To measure an area bounded by 2 shapes select both contours then press (Operation Complete) to calculate.
Area of circle - 1107cm2
PPrreessss ((OOppeerraattiioonn CCoommpplleettee))
In the default file the units of measure can be changed, the system default is set to UNIT_AREA_FAC=2. 2=dm2 and may be changed for the following variables 0=mm2 , 1= cm2 , 3=M2 , 6=Km2
6.1.12 Dimensions from a plane To add a dimension from a given plane, use Dimension 3D Distance To Plane Leader
Select the reference plane from which the dimension will be measured. For options 1, 2 and 3, the user will be prompted to enter the value of the plane coordinate.
Indicate the node point for measurement and position the text relative to the dimension line.
The presentation of the dimension can be controlled from the on screen menu.
73
Exercise 6 Add the dimensions shown below, to the drawing produced in Exercise04
Save the drawing.
6.2 Adding notes To add notes to a drawing select Annotate General Note
To key in some text for the note, press .(Operation Complete) Key in the text required.
Position the text of the note by drawing lines to the desired position.
Press (Operation Complete)
74
6.2.1 Information from the model When adding notes it is possible to extract information from a model inquiry. Select Annotate General Note
Press (Options) – The following options will be displayed. Select Fetch Model information. Indicate the model object to get info from. Select the info required from the list.
Pressing (Options) will toggle whether or not the description of the attribute is to be included or excluded in the note.
Add the note to the workspace as before.
6.3 Adding position numbers to drawings The Automatic Position Number program is used to allocate each component in the database with a piece part or identifying number. This information can be accessed and displayed in note form on a drawing using the following function Annotate Hull Note Pos No The system will display the following options in a choose options window and prompt ‘Choose part type’ Profile: Used to add position number notes to stiffeners or flanges. This option applies to stiffeners in the plane of the view or intersecting the view. Bracket: Used to add position number notes to a bracket. Clip: Used to add position number notes to a clip. Only applicable if customer has ‘Extended Clip Handling’ feature and is using User defined Clips. Plane Plate: Used to add position number notes to a plate in the same plane as the view it appears in. Inters Plate: Used to add position number notes to a plate intersecting the plane of the view it appears in. Doubling Plate: Used to add position number notes to doubling plates. After selecting the relevant part type the system will prompt for an indication on the screen. Click once on the part, use the OC button and the system will add the position number. Alternatively click once on the part, move the cursor away, click again and then use the OC button and the system will add a note with a tail back to the part.
75
Exercise 7
Open the drawing produced in Exercise04 Add notes and position numbers as shown.
76
Exercise 8
The bilge keel detail is drawn at a scale of 1:5, the bracket detail is at scale 1:10.
Hatch pattern: Key-in 90,2
Hatch pattern: Key-in 0,2
