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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2021Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENTUNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 51-0323571(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
1850 Towers Crescent PlazaTysons Corner, Virginia 22182
(703) 848-8600(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
W. Ming Shao
Senior Executive Vice President & General Counsel and SecretaryMicroStrategy Incorporated1850 Towers Crescent Plaza
Tysons Corner, Virginia 22182(703) 848-8600
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copy to:Thomas S. Ward
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP60 State Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109(617) 526-6000
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant
to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities
pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Each Class ofSecurities to be Registered
Amountto be
Registered
ProposedMaximum
Offering PricePer Unit
ProposedMaximumAggregate
Offering Price Amount of
Registration FeePrimary Offering of Securities Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (1) (1) (1) (1)Primary Offering of Class A Common Stock Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share $1,000,000,000 (2) $1,000,000,000 $109,100.00
(1) Pursuant to Form S-3 General Instructions II.E this information is not required to be included. An indeterminate amount of class A common stock being registered as may from time totime be offered hereunder at indeterminate prices. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement also covers anyadditional shares of class A common stock that may be offered or issued in connection with any stock split or stock dividend. In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under theSecurities Act, the registrant is deferring payment of all registration fees and will pay the registration fees subsequently in advance or on a “pay-as-you-go” basis.
(2) The filing fee in connection with the shares of class A common stock that may be issued and sold from time to time pursuant to the sales agreement prospectus included herein of$109,100.00 is calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act.
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This registration statement contains two prospectuses:
• a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of an indeterminate amount of class A common stock from time totime in one or more offerings; and
• a sales agreement prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of up to
$1,000,000,000 of our class A common stock that may be issued and sold from time to time under an Open Market Sale AgreementSM (the“sales agreement”) with Jefferies LLC.
The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any class A common stock to be offered pursuant to the baseprospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The specific terms of the class A common stock to be issued and soldunder the sales agreement are specified in the sales agreement prospectus that immediately follows the base prospectus.
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PROSPECTUS
Class A Common Stock
We may offer and sell shares of our class A common stock from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus describes the terms of ourclass A common stock and the general manner in which our class A common stock will be offered. We will describe the specific manner in which ourclass A common stock will be offered and may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this document. You should read thisprospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest.
We may offer our class A common stock in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. Our class A common stock may besold directly to you, through agents, or through underwriters and dealers. If agents, underwriters or dealers are used to sell our class A common stock,we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement.
Our class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MSTR.”
Investing in our class A common stock involves significant risks. Risks associated with investment in our class A common stock will beincluded in any accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as described under“RISK FACTORS” on page 6.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities orpassed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is June 14, 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS 1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 2
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 3
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED 5
RISK FACTORS 6
USE OF PROCEEDS 7
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK 8
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 12
LEGAL MATTERS 14
EXPERTS 14
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a “well-knownseasoned issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), utilizing a “shelf” registration process.Under this shelf registration process, we may from time to time sell our class A common stock described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of our class A common stock. Each time we sell our class A common stock, we willprovide one or more prospectus supplements that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may alsoadd, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplementtogether with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement orin any related free writing prospectus filed by us with the SEC. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. Thisprospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other thanthe class A common stock described in this prospectus or such accompanying prospectus supplement or an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer tobuy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should assume that the information appearing in thisprospectus, any prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of theirrespective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “MicroStrategy,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and“our” refer to MicroStrategy Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the publicover the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website atwww.microstrategy.com. Our website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. This prospectus omits some information contained in the registrationstatement in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for furtherinformation about us and our consolidated subsidiaries and the class A common stock we are offering. Statements in this prospectus concerning anydocument we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and arequalified by reference to these filings and the exhibits attached thereto. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference much of the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose importantinformation to you by referring you to those publicly available documents. The information that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus isconsidered to be part of this prospectus. Because we are incorporating by reference future filings with the SEC, this prospectus is continually updatedand those future filings may modify or supersede some of the information included or incorporated in this prospectus. This means that you must look atall of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus or in any document previouslyincorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below (FileNo. 000-24435) and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, asamended (the “Exchange Act”) (in each case, other than those documents or the portions of those documents not deemed to be filed) until the offering ofthe class A common stock under the registration statement is terminated or completed:
• Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on February 12, 2021;
• The information in our proxy statement filed on April 15, 2021, but only to the extent such information is incorporated by reference in ourAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020;
• Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on April 29, 2021;
• Current Reports on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 22, 2021, February 2, 2021, February 17, 2021, February 19, 2021,
March 1, 2021, March 5, 2021, March 12, 2021, April 5, 2021, April 12, 2021, May 13, 2021, May 18, 2021, June 2, 2021, June 7,2021, June 8, 2021 and June 14, 2021; and
• The description of our class A common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A as filed with the SEC on June 10,1998, as the description therein has been updated and superseded by the description of our capital stock contained in Exhibit 4.2 to ourAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020, and including anyamendments and reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:
1850 Towers Crescent PlazaTysons Corner, Virginia
703-848-8600
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain certain forward-looking statements within themeaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, includingstatements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, beliefs, business strategies, future events, business conditions, results of operations, financialposition, business outlook, business trends and other information, may be forward-looking statements. Words such as “might,” “will,” “may,” “should,”“estimates,” “expects,” “continues,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,”“future,” “targeted,” “goal” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based upon our current expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections, and various assumptions,many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Our expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections are expressed ingood faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs, estimatesand projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-lookingstatements. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actualresults to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors thatcould cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation:
• our bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with bitcoin;
• fluctuations in the price of bitcoin, which may be influenced by highly uncertain regulatory, commercial, and technical factors, may significantlyinfluence the market price of our class A common stock;
• our historical financial statements do not reflect the potential variability in earnings that we may experience in the future relating to bitcoinholdings;
• our bitcoin holdings could subject us to regulatory scrutiny;
• the concentration of our bitcoin holdings enhances the risks inherent in our bitcoin acquisition strategy;
• our bitcoin holdings are less liquid than our existing cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to thesame extent as cash and cash equivalents;
• if we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack, or if our private key is lost or destroyed, we may lose someor all of our bitcoin;
• we depend on revenue from a single software platform, and a substantial customer shift from a product license model to a cloud subscriptionmodel could negatively affect the timing of revenue recognition;
• our results in any particular period may depend on large transactions that involve longer and less predictable sales cycles;
• we may fail to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners which could adversely affect our business, operating results, andfinancial condition;
• our recognition of deferred revenue and advance payments may not be representative of revenues for succeeding periods;
• we operate in an industry marked by rapid technological change and intense competition, and we may be unable to develop new offerings anddeliver our products at a competitive price;
• the performance of our software may be impacted by changes in third party-software, new industry standards and errors, bugs and security
vulnerabilities that could materially adversely affect the operation of and demand for our existing software, reduce our revenue, and lead tolitigation claims against us;
• business disruptions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could materially adversely affect our operating results or result in amaterial weakness in our internal controls;
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• our international operations are complex and expose us to additional risks;
• we or our third-party service providers may be the target of cybersecurity attacks or security breaches, which may harm our reputation and demandfor our offerings and may disrupt our operations;
• changes in, or any failure to comply with, laws or regulations relating to privacy or the collection, processing and storage of personal data couldmaterially adversely affect our business;
• the market price of our class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile;
• because of the rights of our two classes of common stock and because we are controlled by Michael J. Saylor, Mr. Saylor could prevent a third
party from acquiring us, or limit the ability of our other stockholders to influence corporate matters, which could make our class A common stockless attractive;
• we may sell shares of our class A common stock, convertible debt instruments or other convertible securities which could depress the price of ourclass A common stock;
• servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our indebtedness;
• we may be required to repay our senior secured notes prior to their stated maturity date;
• we may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of our outstanding convertible notes in cash or to repurchase thenotes upon a fundamental change;
• the conditional conversion feature of our outstanding convertible notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operatingresults;
• the accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash and/or shares, such as our outstanding convertible notes, couldhave a material effect on our diluted earnings per share; and
• the other risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” sections incorporated by reference in this prospectus or contained or incorporated by reference in anyprospectus supplement.
We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that are important to you. In addition, in lightof these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus may not in fact occur. Theforward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements were made. Except as may be requiredby law, we undertake no obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect events and circumstances after the date on which the statementswere made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
MicroStrategy® pursues two corporate strategies in the operation of its business. One strategy is to acquire and hold bitcoin and the other strategyis to grow our enterprise analytics software business.
In the first quarter of 2021, we determined to pursue as part of our overall corporate strategy, a strategy of acquiring bitcoin with our liquid assetsthat exceed working capital requirements, and from time to time, subject to market conditions, issuing debt or equity securities in capital raisingtransactions with the objective of using the proceeds to purchase bitcoin. Under this corporate strategy, we also periodically engage in activities toeducate the market regarding bitcoin. We believe that our bitcoin acquisition strategy is complementary to our enterprise analytics software and servicesbusiness, as we believe that our bitcoin and related activities in support of the bitcoin network enhance awareness of our brand and can provideopportunities to secure new customers for our analytics offerings. We are also exploring opportunities to apply bitcoin-related technologies such asblockchain analytics into our software offerings.
We view our bitcoin holdings as long-term holdings, and we do not plan to engage in regular trading of bitcoin and have not hedged or otherwiseentered into derivative contracts with respect to our bitcoin holdings, though we may sell bitcoin in future periods as needed to generate cash fortreasury management and other general corporate purposes. We have not targeted any specific amount of bitcoin holdings, and we will continue tomonitor market conditions in determining whether to conduct debt or equity financings to purchase additional bitcoin.
As a global leader in enterprise analytics software and services, our vision is to enable Intelligence Everywhere. Our core offering, MicroStrategy2021™, helps achieve this vision by delivering actionable intelligence and modern analytics on an open, comprehensive enterprise platform.MicroStrategy 2021 allows our customers to build high-performance, governed, and secure applications that can scale across their enterprises. Ourplatform is designed to empower the entire workforce with intelligence through the following differentiated features:
• Modern Analytics: Our platform delivers insights to users across multiple devices via our HyperIntelligence® offerings, visualization andreporting capabilities, mobility features, and custom applications. Our downloadable tools and applications, including MicroStrategyMobile™, Workstation, HyperIntelligence, and the new MicroStrategy App for business users, are now released monthly, increasing thevelocity at which we release performance updates, security improvements, and new features to our users.
• Open, Federated Architecture: We are committed to delivering the most open analytics platform on the market. MicroStrategy 2021integrates with Microsoft Excel, Power BI, Tableau, Jupyter, and RStudio to provide business users, analysts, and data scientists with theflexibility to leverage trusted data from our platform directly within the client applications they are accustomed to. Developers can alsoaccess a broad set of features and product workflows through our comprehensive set of Representational State Transfer (“REST”) APIs,including attribute and metric selectors, in-canvas filter selectors, and filter panel values.
• Enterprise Platform: MicroStrategy 2021 is our most secure, feature-rich, and performant platform ever, with a comprehensive set offeatures for superior administration, security, and architecture. Administrators and other users can now securely create and edit multi-content subscriptions to personalized analytics, allowing multiple reports, documents, and dossiers to be added to a single subscription.Customers can also choose from three deployment options: on premises, the customer’s cloud environment, or the MicroStrategy Cloud™Environment.
Our customers include leading global organizations from a wide range of industries, including retail, consulting, technology, manufacturing,banking, insurance, finance, healthcare, telecommunications, as well as the public sector.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1850 Towers Crescent Plaza, Tysons Corner, VA 22182, and our telephone number is(703) 848-8600. Our website address is www.microstrategy.com. Website materials are not part of, and are not incorporated by reference into,this prospectus.
The trademarks and registered trademarks of MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries referred to herein include, but are not limited to, MicroStrategy,MicroStrategy 2021, HyperIntelligence, MicroStrategy Mobile, and MicroStrategy Cloud. Third-party product and company names mentioned hereinmay be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our class A common stock involves risks. Before you make a decision to buy our class A common stock, in addition to the risks anduncertainties discussed above under “Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth under the caption “RiskFactors” in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and under the caption “Risk Factors” in our filings with the SEC pursuant toSections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, incorporated by reference herein and/or included in any prospectus supplement, before makingan investment decision. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties discussed in this prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference into thisprospectus are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face, and our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and the marketprice of our class A common stock we may sell could be materially adversely affected by other matters that are not known to us or that we currently donot consider to be material.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of any class A common stock offered under this prospectus for general corporate purposes,including the acquisition of bitcoin, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. We have not determined the amount of netproceeds to be used specifically for any particular purpose. As a result, management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceedsof any offering.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our capital stock is intended as a summary only and therefore is not a complete description of our capital stock. Thisdescription is based upon, and is qualified by reference to, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation (“Certificate”), our amended andrestated bylaws (“Bylaws”) and applicable provisions of Delaware corporate law. You should read our Certificate and Bylaws, which are filed asexhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, for the provisions that are important to you.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 330,000,000 shares of class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“class A common stock”),165,000,000 shares of class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“class B common stock”), and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value$0.001 per share (“preferred stock”). As of June 11, 2021, 7,782,568 shares of class A common stock were outstanding, 1,964,025 shares of class Bcommon stock were outstanding and no shares of preferred stock were outstanding.
Common Stock
Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of our stockholders are held on the date designated in accordance with our Bylaws. Written notice must bemailed to each stockholder entitled to vote not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. The presence in person or by proxy ofthe holders of record of a majority voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting constitutes a quorum for the transactionof business at meetings of the stockholders. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called for any purpose by the board of directors, the chairmanof the board of directors, or a committee of the board of directors which has been duly designated by the board of directors, and whose powers andauthority, as expressly provided in a resolution of the board of directors, include the power to call such meetings.
Voting Rights. On all matters to be voted upon by stockholders, including the election of directors, each holder of (i) class A common stock isentitled to one vote for each share held of record and (ii) class B common stock is entitled to ten votes for each share held of record. Holders of class Acommon stock and class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters presented to the stockholders for their vote or approval, except asmay be required by Delaware law or as otherwise expressly specified in our Certificate. Our Certificate and Bylaws do not provide for cumulativevoting rights. Except as otherwise provided by law, our Certificate or our Bylaws, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative voteof a majority of the votes cast by stockholders entitled to vote on the subject matter, present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting at which aquorum is present, shall be the act of the stockholders. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by stockholders entitled to vote on theelection of directors, present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
Dividends. Subject to the rights, powers and preferences of any outstanding preferred stock, and except as provided by law or in our Certificate,dividends may be declared and paid or set aside for payment on each class of common stock out of legally available assets or funds when and asdeclared by the board of directors. We may not make any dividend or distribution with respect to any class of our common stock unless at the same timewe make a ratable dividend or distribution with respect to each outstanding share of our common stock, regardless of class. In the case of a stockdividend or other distribution payable in shares of a class of common stock, only shares of class A common stock may be distributed with respect toclass A common stock and only shares of class B common stock may be distributed with respect to class B common stock, and the number of shares ofcommon stock payable per share must be equal for each class. The payment of dividends is contingent upon our revenue and earnings, capitalrequirements, and general financial condition, as well as contractual restrictions and other considerations deemed to be relevant by our board ofdirectors.
Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up. Subject to the rights, powers and preferences of any outstanding preferred stock, in the event of ourliquidation, dissolution or winding up, our net assets will be distributed pro rata to the holders of each class of our common stock.
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Other Rights. Holders of the class A common stock and class B common stock have no right to:
• have the stock redeemed;
• purchase additional stock; or
• maintain their proportionate ownership interest.
Holders of shares of class A common stock and class B common stock are not required to make additional capital contributions. Shares of class Acommon stock are not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of class B common stock is convertible into one share of class Acommon stock (i) at any time at the option of the holder and (ii) automatically upon the sale, assignment, gift or other transfer of such class B commonstock share, except where such sale, assignment, gift or other transfer was (x) approved in advance by the holders of a majority of the class B commonstock outstanding, voting separately as a class, or (y) effected as a result of the death of the transferor, in which case, such transfer may be approved bythe holders of a majority of the class B common stock outstanding, voting separately as a class, within thirty (30) days of such transfer.
Equal Status. Except as expressly provided in our Certificate, shares of class A common stock and class B common stock have the same rights andprivileges and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters. In the event of any merger, consolidation, or other businesscombination requiring the approval of our stockholders entitled to vote thereon (whether or not we are the surviving entity), the holders of shares ofclass A common stock shall have the right to receive, or the right to elect to receive, the same form of consideration as the holders of shares of class Bcommon stock, and the holders of shares of class A common stock shall have the right to receive, or the right to elect to receive, at least the sameamount of consideration on a per share basis as the holders of shares of class B common stock; provided, however, that in any transaction in whichshares of capital stock are distributed to holders of common stock, the shares of capital stock distributed to holders of class A common stock and class Bcommon stock may differ, but only to the extent that the class A common stock and the class B common stock differ in our Certificate.
Transfer Agent and Registrar. American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC is the transfer agent and registrar for the class A common stock and theclass B common stock.
Listing. Our class A common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MSTR.” Our class B common stock is notlisted on any securities exchange or automated quotation system.
Preferred Stock
We may issue one or more series of “blank check” preferred stock upon authorization of our board of directors. Our board of directors is alsoauthorized to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences and the relative participating, optional or other special rights, qualifications, limitations orrestrictions of the shares of each series of preferred stock. The authorized shares of our preferred stock are available for issuance without further actionby our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. If theapproval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of our preferred stock, our board of directors may determine not to seekstockholder approval.
A series of our preferred stock could, depending on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeoverattempt. Our board of directors will make any determination to issue preferred stock based upon its judgment as to the best interests of our stockholders.Our directors, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt through which an acquirer may be ableto change the composition of our board of directors, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority, of our stockholders mightbelieve to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then-current market price of the stock.
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Provisions of Our Certificate and Bylaws and Delaware Law That May Have Anti-Takeover Effects
Certain provisions of our Certificate and Bylaws may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging athird party from attempting to acquire, control of us. Such provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future forshares of our class A common stock and may limit the ability of stockholders to remove current management or directors or approve transactions thatstockholders may deem to be in their best interest and, therefore, could adversely affect the price of our class A common stock.
Dual Class Stock. Our Certificate provides for a dual class common stock structure, which provides Michael J. Saylor, our founder, chairman ofthe board of directors, and chief executive officer, with the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even though heowns less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding common stock, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, suchas a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. Our Certificate allows holders of class B common stock to transfer shares of class B commonstock, subject to the approval of stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding class B common stock. Therefore, Mr. Saylor could transfer votingcontrol of MicroStrategy to a third party without the approval of our board of directors or our other stockholders.
No Cumulative Voting. The Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to accumulatevotes in the election of directors unless our Certificate provides otherwise. Our Certificate does not provide for cumulative voting.
Board of Directors. All of our directors are elected annually. The number of directors comprising our board of directors is fixed from time to timeby the board of directors.
Board Vacancies Filled Only by Majority of Directors Then in Office. Vacancies and newly created seats on our board of directors may be filledonly by our board of directors. Furthermore, only our board of directors may determine the number of directors on our board. The inability ofstockholders to determine the number of directors or to fill vacancies or newly created seats on the board of directors makes it more difficult to changethe composition of our board of directors.
Undesignated Preferred Stock. As discussed above, our board of directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights orpreferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of our company.
Delaware Business Combination Statute. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL (“Section 203”), which prohibits a Delaware corporationfrom engaging in business combinations with an interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is generally defined as an entity or person beneficiallyowning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation or any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entityor person (“interested stockholder”). Section 203 provides that an interested stockholder may not engage in business combinations with the corporationfor a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:
• before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in thestockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
• upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned atleast 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining thevoting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons whoare directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determineconfidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
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• on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the
stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned bythe interested stockholder.
In general, Section 203 defines business combinations to include the following:
• any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;
• any sale, lease, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation to or with the interested stockholder;
• subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to theinterested stockholder;
• any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of thecorporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
• the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or throughthe corporation.
These provisions of our Certificate and Bylaws and Delaware law may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in ourcontrol or management. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of our board of directors andin the policies they implement, and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control. Theseprovisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tacticsthat may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our commonstock and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that could result from actual or rumoredtakeover attempts.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell our class A common stock:
• through underwriters;
• through dealers;
• through agents;
• directly to purchasers; or
• through a combination of any of these methods of sale.
In addition, we may issue our class A common stock as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing securityholders. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our class A common stock through any of these methods or other methodsdescribed in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may directly solicit offers to purchase our class A common stock, or agents may be designated to solicit such offers. We will, in the prospectussupplement relating to such offering, name any agent that could be viewed as an underwriter under the Securities Act, and describe any commissionsthat we must pay. Any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment or, if indicated in the applicable prospectussupplement, on a firm commitment basis.
The distribution of our class A common stock may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions:
• at a fixed price, or prices, which may be changed from time to time;
• at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
• at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
• at negotiated prices.
Each prospectus supplement will describe the method of distribution of our class A common stock and any applicable restrictions.
The prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the offering of our class A common stock, including the following:
• the name of the agent or any underwriters;
• the public offering or purchase price and the proceeds we will receive from the sale of the class A common stock;
• any discounts and commissions to be allowed or re-allowed or paid to the agent or underwriters;
• all other items constituting underwriting compensation;
• any discounts and commissions to be allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and
• the exchange on which the class A common stock will be listed.
If any underwriters or agents are utilized in the sale of the class A common stock in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will enterinto an underwriting agreement or other agreement with them at the time of sale to them, and we will set forth in the prospectus supplement relating tosuch offering the names of the underwriters or agents and the terms of the related agreement with them.
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the class A common stock in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will sell such class A commonstock to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell such class A common stock to the public at varying prices to be determined by such dealer atthe time of resale.
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If we offer class A common stock in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwritingagreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a commitment fee for the class A common stock theycommit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting arrangement, we may retain a dealer-manager to manage asubscription rights offering for us.
Remarketing firms, agents, underwriters, dealers and other persons may be entitled under agreements which they may enter into with us toindemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and may be customers of, engage in transactions withor perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers bycertain institutions to purchase class A common stock from us pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the datestated in the prospectus supplement. Each contract will be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate amount of class A common stock sold pursuantto such contracts shall not be less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom the contracts, whenauthorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitableinstitutions and other institutions, but shall in all cases be subject to our approval. Delayed delivery contracts will not be subject to any conditions exceptthat:
• the purchase by an institution of the class A common stock covered under that contract shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited underthe laws of the jurisdiction to which that institution is subject; and
• if the class A common stock is also being sold to underwriters acting as principals for their own account, the underwriters shall have
purchased such class A common stock not sold for delayed delivery. The underwriters and other persons acting as our agents will not haveany responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of delayed delivery contracts.
Certain agents, underwriters and dealers, and their associates and affiliates may be customers of, have borrowing relationships with, engage inother transactions with, and/or perform services, including investment banking services, for us or one or more of our respective affiliates in the ordinarycourse of business.
In order to facilitate the offering of our class A common stock, any underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwiseaffect the price of our class A common stock. Specifically, any underwriters may overallot in connection with the offering, creating a short position fortheir own accounts. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of our class A common stock, the underwriters may bid for and purchaseclass A common stock in the open market. Finally, in any offering of our class A common stock through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwritingsyndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the class A common stock in the offering if thesyndicate repurchases previously distributed class A common stock in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions orotherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the class A common stock above independent market levels. Any suchunderwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.
Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties toany such trade expressly agree otherwise. The applicable prospectus supplement may provide that the original issue date for your class A common stockmay be more than two scheduled business days after the trade date for your class A common stock. Accordingly, in such a case, if you wish to tradeclass A common stock on any date prior to the second business day before the original issue date for your class A common stock, you will be required,by virtue of the fact that your class A common stock initially is expected to settle in more than two scheduled business days after the trade date for yourclass A common stock, to make alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
We can make no assurance as to the liquidity of or the existence of trading markets for any of the class A common stock.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the validity of the class A common stock in respect of which this prospectus isbeing delivered will be passed upon by Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of MicroStrategy Incorporated as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the years in thethree-year period ended December 31, 2020, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as ofDecember 31, 2020 have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accountingfirm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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Class A Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
June 14, 2021
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PROSPECTUS
Up to $1,000,000,000Class A Common Stock
We have entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM (the “sales agreement”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), dated June 14, 2021, relating tothe sale of shares of our class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the salesagreement, under this prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of our class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000from time to time through Jefferies, acting as our agent.
Our class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol “MSTR.” On June 11, 2021, the last sale priceof our class A common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market was $516.44 per share.
Sales of our class A common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made at market prices by any method permitted by law that are deemedan “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Jefferies is not required tosell any specific amount, but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, onmutually agreed terms between Jefferies and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
The compensation to Jefferies for sales of class A common stock sold pursuant to the sales agreement will be up to 2% of the gross proceeds ofany shares of class A common stock sold under the sales agreement. In connection with the sale of the class A common stock on our behalf, Jefferieswill be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Jefferies will be deemed to be underwritingcommissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Jefferies with respect to certain liabilities, including civilliabilities under the Securities Act or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Our business and an investment in our class A common stock involve significant risks. These risks are described under the caption “RiskFactors” beginning on page SA-12 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passedupon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Jefferies
June 14, 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SA-1 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SA-3 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY SA-5 RISK FACTORS SA-12 USE OF PROCEEDS SA-16 DIVIDEND POLICY SA-17 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION SA-18 LEGAL MATTERS SA-20 EXPERTS SA-20 WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE SA-21
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a “well-knownseasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we maysell an unspecified amount of securities from time to time. Under this prospectus, we may from time to time sell shares of our class A common stockhaving an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the offering.
Before purchasing any of the class A common stock that we are offering, you should carefully read this prospectus and all of the informationcontained in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as well as the additional information described under the heading “Where YouCan Find Additional Information; Incorporation by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when makingyour investment decision.
To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in anydocument incorporated by reference in this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus; provided that if anystatement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated byreference in this prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actualdocuments for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documentsreferred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is apart, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information; Incorporation byReference.” We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any documentthat is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose ofallocating risk among the parties to such agreement, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, suchrepresentations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenantsshould not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
We have not, and Jefferies has not, authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than thosecontained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus filed by or onbehalf of or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information thatothers may give you. We have not, and Jefferies has not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus does notconstitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities described in this prospectus or an offer to sell or thesolicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should assume that theinformation appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference and any related free writingprospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover or as otherwise specified therein and that any information incorporated by reference isaccurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise, even though this prospectus, any applicableprospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or class A common stock is sold, on a later date. Our business, financialcondition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus incorporates by reference, and any prospectussupplement or free writing prospectus may contain and incorporate by reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based onindependent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these
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sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information.Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the market and industry data presented in this prospectus and the documents incorporated byreference in this prospectus, these estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussedunder the heading “Risk Factors” contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, and any related freewriting prospectus and under similar headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus or the applicable prospectussupplement. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “MicroStrategy,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and“our” refer to MicroStrategy Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning ofSection 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other thanstatements of historical facts, including statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, beliefs, business strategies, future events, businessconditions, results of operations, financial position, business outlook, business trends and other information, may be forward-looking statements. Wordssuch as “might,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “continues,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,”“intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “future,” “targeted,” “goal” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based upon our current expectations, beliefs, estimates andprojections, and various assumptions, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Our expectations, beliefs,estimates and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance thatmanagement’s expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed inor indicated by the forward-looking statements. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond ourcontrol, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. Such risks, uncertaintiesand other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation:
• our bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with bitcoin;
• fluctuations in the price of bitcoin, which may be influenced by highly uncertain regulatory, commercial, and technical factors, may significantlyinfluence the market price of our class A common stock;
• our historical financial statements do not reflect the potential variability in earnings that we may experience in the future relating to bitcoinholdings;
• our bitcoin holdings could subject us to regulatory scrutiny;
• the concentration of our bitcoin holdings enhances the risks inherent in our bitcoin acquisition strategy;
• our bitcoin holdings are less liquid than our existing cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to thesame extent as cash and cash equivalents;
• if we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack, or if our private key is lost or destroyed, we may lose someor all of our bitcoin;
• we depend on revenue from a single software platform, and a substantial customer shift from a product license model to a cloud subscriptionmodel could negatively affect the timing of revenue recognition;
• our results in any particular period may depend on large transactions that involve longer and less predictable sales cycles;
• we may fail to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners which could adversely affect our business, operating results, andfinancial condition;
• our recognition of deferred revenue and advance payments may not be representative of revenues for succeeding periods;
• we operate in an industry marked by rapid technological change and intense competition, and we may be unable to develop new offerings anddeliver our products at a competitive price;
• the performance of our software may be impacted by changes in third party-software, new industry standards and errors, bugs and security
vulnerabilities that could materially adversely affect the operation of and demand for our existing software, reduce our revenue, and lead tolitigation claims against us;
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• business disruptions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could materially adversely affect our operating results or result in amaterial weakness in our internal controls;
• our international operations are complex and expose us to additional risks;
• we or our third-party service providers may be the target of cybersecurity attacks or security breaches, which may harm our reputation and demandfor our offerings and may disrupt our operations;
• changes in, or any failure to comply with, laws or regulations relating to privacy or the collection, processing and storage of personal data couldmaterially adversely affect our business;
• the market price of our class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile;
• because of the rights of our two classes of common stock and because we are controlled by Michael J. Saylor, Mr. Saylor could prevent a third
party from acquiring us, or limit the ability of our other stockholders to influence corporate matters, which could make our class A common stockless attractive;
• we may sell shares of our class A common stock, convertible debt instruments or other convertible securities which could depress the price of ourclass A common stock;
• servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our indebtedness;
• we may be required to repay our senior secured notes prior to their stated maturity date;
• we may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of our outstanding convertible notes in cash or to repurchase thenotes upon a fundamental change;
• the conditional conversion feature of our outstanding convertible notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operatingresults;
• the accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash and/or shares, such as our outstanding convertible notes, couldhave a material effect on our diluted earnings per share; and
• the other risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” sections contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that are important to you. In addition, in lightof these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus may not in fact occur. Theforward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements were made. Except as may be requiredby law, we undertake no obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect events and circumstances after the date on which the statementswere made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference. Thissummary does not contain all of the information you should consider before making an investment decision. You should read this entire prospectuscarefully, especially the risks of investing in our class A common stock discussed under “Risk Factors” beginning on page SA-12 of thisprospectus, along with our consolidated financial statements and notes to those consolidated financial statements and the other informationincorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Our Business and Strategy
MicroStrategy® pursues two corporate strategies in the operation of its business. One strategy is to acquire and hold bitcoin and the otherstrategy is to grow our enterprise analytics software business.
In the first quarter of 2021, we determined to pursue as part of our overall corporate strategy, a strategy of acquiring bitcoin with our liquidassets that exceed working capital requirements, and from time to time, subject to market conditions, issuing debt or equity securities in capitalraising transactions with the objective of using the proceeds to purchase bitcoin. We believe that bitcoin is attractive because it can serve as a storeof value, supported by a robust and public open source architecture, that is untethered to sovereign monetary policy and can therefore serve as ahedge against inflation. We also believe that bitcoin offers additional opportunity for appreciation in value with increasing adoption due to itslimited supply. Under this corporate strategy, we also periodically engage in activities to educate the market regarding bitcoin. We believe that ourbitcoin acquisition strategy is complementary to our enterprise analytics software and services business, as we believe that our bitcoin and relatedactivities in support of the bitcoin network enhance awareness of our brand and can provide opportunities to secure new customers for our analyticsofferings. We are also exploring opportunities to apply bitcoin-related technologies such as blockchain analytics into our software offerings.
We view our bitcoin holdings as long-term holdings, and we do not plan to engage in regular trading of bitcoin and have not hedged orotherwise entered into derivative contracts with respect to our bitcoin holdings, though we may sell bitcoin in future periods as needed to generatecash for treasury management and other general corporate purposes. We have not targeted any specific amount of bitcoin holdings, and we willcontinue to monitor market conditions in determining whether to conduct debt or equity financings to purchase additional bitcoin.
Our Bitcoin Acquisition Strategy
In September 2020, our board of directors adopted a Treasury Reserve Policy (as amended to date, the “Treasury Reserve Policy”) thatupdated our treasury management and capital allocation strategies, under which our treasury reserve assets will consist of:
• cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (“Cash Assets”) held by us that exceed working capital requirements; and
• bitcoin held by us, with bitcoin serving as the primary treasury reserve asset on an ongoing basis, subject to market conditions and anticipatedneeds of the business for Cash Assets.
In the first quarter of 2021, we adopted, in addition to and in conjunction with our Treasury Reserve Policy, a corporate strategy of acquiringand holding bitcoin, and from time to time, subject to market conditions, issuing debt or equity securities in capital raising transactions with theobjective of using the proceeds to purchase bitcoin.
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As of June 4, 2021, we held approximately 92,079 bitcoins that were acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $2.251 billion and an averagepurchase price of approximately $24,450 per bitcoin, inclusive of fees and expenses. We expect to purchase additional bitcoin in future periods,including with the net proceeds from this offering as described under “Use of Proceeds,” though we may also sell bitcoin in future periods asneeded to generate Cash Assets for treasury management purposes.
Overview of Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a digital asset that is issued by and transmitted through an open source protocol collectively maintained by a peer-to-peer networkof decentralized user nodes. This network hosts a public transaction ledger, known as the bitcoin blockchain, on which bitcoin holdings andtransactions in bitcoin are recorded. Balances of bitcoin are stored in individual “wallet” functions, which associate network public addresses witha “private key” that controls the transfer of bitcoin. The bitcoin blockchain can be updated without any single entity owning or operating thenetwork. New bitcoin is created and allocated by the protocol that governs bitcoin through a “mining” process that rewards users that verifytransactions in the bitcoin blockchain. The bitcoin protocol limits the total issuance of bitcoin over time to 21 million.
Bitcoin can be used to pay for goods and services, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates of exchangedetermined by market forces on bitcoin trading platforms, which operate 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week and are not regulated in as comprehensivea manner as traditional securities exchanges. As a result, trading on these markets is likely more subject to manipulation than on securities marketsregulated by the SEC, and pricing on these markets likely affects such manipulative activity. In addition to these platforms, over-the-countermarkets and derivatives markets for bitcoin also exist; however, these markets are still maturing and many are unregulated.
Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of Holding Bitcoin
We believe that bitcoin is attractive because it can serve as a store of value, supported by a robust and public open source architecture, that isuntethered to sovereign monetary policy and can therefore serve as a hedge against inflation. Bitcoin exists entirely in electronic form, as virtuallyirreversible public transaction ledger entries on the blockchain, and transactions in bitcoin are recorded and authenticated not by a centralrepository, but by a decentralized peer-to-peer network. This decentralization avoids certain threats common to centralized computer networks,such as denial of service attacks, and reduces the dependency of the bitcoin network on any single system. While the bitcoin network as a whole isdecentralized, the private keys used to access bitcoin balances are not widely distributed and are held on hardware (which can be physicallycontrolled by the holder or by a third party such as a custodian) or via software programs on third-party servers and loss of such private keys resultsin an inability to access, and effective loss of, the corresponding bitcoin. Consequently, bitcoin holdings are susceptible to all of the risks inherentin holding any electronic data, such as power failure, data corruption, security breach, communication failure, and user error, among others. Theserisks, in turn, make bitcoin subject to theft, destruction, or loss of value from hackers, corruption, or technology-specific factors such as viruses thatdo not affect conventional fiat currency. In addition, the bitcoin network relies on open source developers to maintain and improve the bitcoinprotocol. Accordingly, bitcoin may be subject to protocol design changes, governance disputes such as “forked” protocols, competing protocols,and other open source-specific risks that do not affect conventional proprietary software.
We believe that in the context of the economic and public health crisis precipitated by COVID-19 and the unprecedented governmentfinancial stimulus measures adopted around the world, decreasing interest rates, as well as the breakdown of trust in and between politicalinstitutions and political parties in the United States and globally, bitcoin represents a more attractive store of value than fiat currency, and furtherthat opportunity for appreciation in the value of bitcoin exists in the event that such factors lead to even more widespread adoption of bitcoin as atreasury reserve alternative.
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Government Regulation
Activities involving bitcoin and other digital assets may fall within the jurisdiction of more than one financial regulator and are subject toU.S. federal, state and local laws, as well as laws of foreign jurisdictions where applicable. Businesses that are engaged in the transmission andcustody of bitcoin and other digital assets, including brokers and custodians, can be subject to U.S. Treasury Department regulations as moneyservices businesses as well as state money transmitter licensing requirements. Bitcoin and other digital assets are subject to anti-fraud regulationsunder federal and state commodity laws, and digital asset derivative instruments are substantively regulated by the U.S. Commodity FuturesTrading Commission. Certain jurisdictions, including, among others, New York and a number of countries outside the United States, havedeveloped regulatory requirements specifically for digital assets and companies that transact in them.
In addition, since transactions in bitcoin provide a reasonable degree of pseudo anonymity, they are susceptible to misuse for criminalactivities, such as money laundering. This misuse, or the perception of such misuse (even if untrue), could lead to greater regulatory oversight ofbitcoin platforms, and there is the possibility that law enforcement agencies could close bitcoin platforms or other bitcoin-related infrastructurewith little or no notice and prevent users from accessing or retrieving bitcoin held via such platforms or infrastructure. For example, in her January2021 nomination hearing before the Senate Finance Committee, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen noted that cryptocurrencies have the potential toimprove the efficiency of the financial system but that they can be used to finance terrorism, facilitate money laundering, and support malignactivities that threaten U.S. national security interests and the integrity of the U.S. and international financial systems. Accordingly, SecretaryYellen expressed her view that federal regulators needed to look closely at how to encourage the use of cryptocurrencies for legitimate activitieswhile curtailing their use for malign and illegal activities. Furthermore, in December 2020, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network(“FinCEN”), a unit of the Treasury Department focused on money laundering, proposed a new set of rules for cryptocurrency-based exchangesaimed at reducing the use of cryptocurrencies for money laundering. These proposed rules would require filing reports with FinCEN regardingcryptocurrency transactions in excess of $10,000 and also impose record-keeping requirements for cryptocurrency transactions in excess of $3,000involving users who manage their own private keys. In January 2021, the Biden Administration issued a memorandum freezing federal rulemaking,including these proposed FinCEN rules, to provide additional time for the Biden Administration to review the rulemaking that had been proposedby the Trump Administration. In May 2021, the U.S. Treasury Department announced proposed changes to reporting requirements relating tocryptocurrency transactions that would require transfers of digital assets exceeding $10,000 to be reported to the Internal Revenue Service. Thesechanges were announced as part of the Biden Administration’s American Families Plan and its broader tax compliance initiatives. In making theannouncement, the U.S. Treasury Department emphasized the significant detection problem presented by the use of cryptocurrencies and the rolethat cryptocurrencies play in illegal activities including tax evasion.
Our Enterprise Analytics Software Business
As a global leader in enterprise analytics software and services, our vision is to enable Intelligence Everywhere. Our core offering,MicroStrategy 2021™, helps achieve this vision by delivering actionable intelligence and modern analytics on an open, comprehensive enterpriseplatform. MicroStrategy 2021 allows our customers to build high-performance, governed, and secure applications that can scale across theirenterprises.
Our Products and Services
Our core product offering is our software platform. In December 2020, we released MicroStrategy 2021, the newest release of our flagshipenterprise analytics platform, which provides customers with the following features:
• Modern Analytics: We offer a modern analytics experience by delivering insights across multiple devices to users via our
HyperIntelligence® products, visualization and reporting capabilities, mobility features, and custom applications developed on ourplatform.
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• HyperIntelligence—Our platform improves business processes by providing cards with contextual intelligence, suggestions and
workflows directly within the websites, applications and mobile devices that people rely on every day. For example, users cansimply hover over a highlighted word on a website to instantly bring up relevant, contextual insights on key data.
• Data Visualization and Reporting—Our platform uses Dossier®, our self-service dashboarding tool, that provides users with theformatting, layout and input controls they need to build beautiful analytics applications.
• Transformational Mobility—Our platform empowers the increasingly mobile workforce to make decisions and take action
quickly on-the-go. It delivers more ways for organizations to quickly deploy mobile productivity apps for a variety of businessfunctions and roles on any standard device.
• Custom Applications—Our platform enables users to create highly customized web and mobile applications using the Documenttool.
• Open, Federated Architecture: Our strategy is to embrace innovation and deliver the most open analytics platform on the market.
• Federated Analytics—Our platform provides analysts and data scientists with seamless access to trusted, governed data directlywithin their favorite tools. MicroStrategy 2021 includes integrations with Microsoft Excel, Power BI and Tableau to provideusers with the flexibility to leverage trusted data from MicroStrategy directly within the client applications they are accustomedto. MicroStrategy 2021 also provides integrations for Jupyter and R Studio to enable data scientists to connect to publishedMicroStrategy data, leverage it in their tools and publish updated data back into MicroStrategy 2021—all without leavingJupyter or R Studio.
• APIs and Gateways—Our gateways, application programming interfaces (“APIs”) and connectors enable MicroStrategy 2021 tointegrate with the most popular enterprise platforms and tools. In addition to over 200 connectors to popular drivers andgateways to enterprise assets, we offer a comprehensive set of Representational State Transfer (“REST”) APIs that makes it easyto embed the platform in packaged and custom applications, workflows, and devices.
• Multiple Deployment Options—We also believe that customers should have the choice of where to deploy their analyticsplatform without compromising functionality. Our fully featured platform can be deployed in three ways: on premises, thecustomer’s cloud environment, or the MicroStrategy Cloud™ Environment (“MCE”). MCE is a cloud subscription service thatallows customers to deploy the platform on Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) or Microsoft Azure environments hosted andmanaged by us.
• Enterprise Platform: Our platform is designed to securely scale analytics across the enterprise. MicroStrategy 2021 has the tools thatenable organizations to deliver secure, high-performance applications at scale.
• Enterprise Semantic Graph™—The engine of our platform is our proprietary Enterprise Semantic Graph, which provides astructured view of a company’s data assets by organizing them into understandable business terms. Our Enterprise SemanticGraph also enriches metadata content with real-time location intelligence and content and system usage telemetry. TheEnterprise Semantic Graph allows users to have a consistent and secure view across multiple data sources to deliver a singleversion of truth.
• Scalability—Our platform powers some of the largest business intelligence deployments in the world. Our platform is designedto scale efficiently to hundreds of thousands of users, with
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millions of personalized queries, across hundreds of applications, built on top of the largest datasets.
• Security—Our platform includes a comprehensive set of features for superior administration, security and architecture, including
role-based access to both row and column data. We offer integrated digital identity solutions designed to deliver seamless, user-friendly authentication and real-time telemetry applications for location intelligence.
Through our MicroStrategy Support, MicroStrategy Consulting™ and MicroStrategy Education™ services, we help customers better leverageour platform by offering a comprehensive set of innovative services to deploy, optimize, and maintain their business intelligence platform.
• MicroStrategy Support: Our global network of MicroStrategy-certified support experts brings a wealth of experience and knowledgeto help customers achieve their system availability and uptime goals and to improve the overall customer experience through highlyresponsive troubleshooting and proactive technical product support. Standard support is included in each customer’s maintenanceplan. For additional services, customers can choose one of our three premium support options – extended support, premier support orelite support. With these premium support options, customers can receive extended coverage and enhanced service at each touchpoint.
• MicroStrategy Consulting: We believe our consulting services materially complement our software by increasing customer adoptionand helping our customers achieve returns on investment derived from better understanding their data. Many companies want to betterutilize their data to provide actionable insights but lack the internal expertise to define requirements and deliver solutions.MicroStrategy Consulting provides customers with architecture and implementation services to help them quickly realize results. Ourconsultants serve as critical resources for operations and maintenance and end-to-end, full-lifecycle projects that develop, deploy andoperate our customers’ business intelligence environments. With thousands of successful projects delivered to customers worldwidespanning all major industries, our consultants apply industry best practices to guide our customers in defining, developing, anddelivering business analytics solutions. MicroStrategy Consulting operates worldwide across North America, Latin America, SouthAmerica, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Asia Pacific region, with consultants from our local offices and our Global DeliveryCenter™ in Warsaw, Poland.
• MicroStrategy Education: We believe the path to the Intelligent Enterprise™ involves skill-specific paths of learning. To help
organizations maximize the utility, adoption and performance of their MicroStrategy deployments, MicroStrategy Education offersfree and paid learning options. MicroStrategy Education is available worldwide in multiple languages and a variety of formats.
Sales and Services
MicroStrategy sells its platform in two basic ways. The first way is to sell product licenses to customers for them to deploy the platform ontheir infrastructure either on premises or in the customer’s cloud environment. The second way is to sell customers MCE, a cloud subscriptionservice, so they can access our software in a cloud environment that is hosted and managed by us. In November 2020, we also introduced a newHyperIntelligence cloud subscription service offering, called Hyper.Now™. Hyper.Now allows anybody to launch a HyperIntelligenceenvironment, hosted by MicroStrategy, directly from our website. Revenues from product license sales comprise product licenses revenues andrevenues from cloud subscriptions comprise subscription services revenues. Currently, the vast majority of our product sales are product licensesales.
MicroStrategy sells through our dedicated enterprise sales force and channel partners to increase market coverage in both domestic andinternational markets. We provide financial incentives for our channel partners to market and distribute our offerings. In addition, we offer a widerange of services that provide support in the discovery, planning, development and deployment stages of a MicroStrategy offering.
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• Dedicated Sales Force: We market our offerings chiefly through our direct sales force. We have sales offices in locations throughoutthe world and use channel partners in several countries where we do not have sales offices.
• Channel Partners: We have established strategic alliances with third-party vendors to help facilitate our customers’ enterpriseintelligence initiatives. Our channel partners are system integrators, consulting firms, resellers, solution providers, managed serviceproviders, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and technology companies. These firms use the MicroStrategy platform for avariety of commercial purposes and our agreements with them generally provide non-exclusive rights to market our offerings andallow access to our marketing materials, product training and direct sales force for field-level assistance. We make significantcommitments to our channel partners, including technical training, certifications, pre-sales and sales enablement and marketingprograms. Through our joint efforts, we believe customers are better able to minimize their risk and maximize the return on theirbusiness intelligence projects. Our channel partners allow us to leverage sales and service resources and marketing and industry-specific expertise to expand our user base and increase our market coverage.
Marketing
Our marketing programs target the following principal constituencies:
• Our historical base of enterprise-wide operational and technology executives and departmental buyers across large global enterprises;
• Corporate and departmental technology buyers in mid-sized enterprises;
• Government technology buyers and the vendors to the government community;
• Independent software vendors that want to embed our technology tools in their solutions; and
• System integrators that have technology relationships with large enterprises, governments and information-intensive businesses.
We continually seek to increase our brand awareness by focusing our messaging on the possibilities for value creation, the benefits of usingour platform and competitive differentiators. The channels we use to communicate with these constituencies include digital and social media,advertising, free and evaluation software, events, media coverage, channel partners and word-of-mouth and peer references.
Our Corporate Information
We are a Delaware corporation and our principal executive offices are located at 1850 Towers Crescent Plaza, Tysons Corner, Virginia 22182.Our telephone number is (703) 848-8600. Our website address is www.microstrategy.com. Website materials are not part of and are notincorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
The trademarks and registered trademarks of MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries referred to herein include, but are not limited to,MicroStrategy, MicroStrategy 2021, HyperIntelligence, Dossier, MicroStrategy Cloud, Enterprise Semantic Graph, MicroStrategy Consulting,MicroStrategy Education, Global Delivery Center, Intelligent Enterprise, and Hyper.Now. Third-party product and company names mentionedherein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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THE OFFERING Class A common stock offered by us Shares of our class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to
$1,000,000,000. Class A common stock to be outstanding immediatelyafter this offering
Up to 1,936,333 shares, assuming sales of $1,000,000,000 shares of our class A commonstock in this offering at a price of $516.44 per share, which was the last reported sale priceof our class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 11, 2021. Theactual number of shares issued will vary depending on the sales price under this offering.
Manner of offering “At the market” offering that may be made from time to time through our sales agent,
Jefferies. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page SA-18 of this prospectus. Use of proceeds We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes,
including the acquisition of bitcoin. See “Use of Proceeds” on page SA-16 of thisprospectus.
Nasdaq Global Select Market symbol “MSTR” Risk factors You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus beginning on page SA-
12 and the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectusfor a discussion of factors to consider carefully before deciding to invest in shares of ourclass A common stock.
The number of shares of our class A common stock that will be outstanding immediately after this offering as shown above is based on 7,782,568shares outstanding as of June 11, 2021. The number of shares outstanding as of June 11, 2021 as used throughout this prospectus, unless otherwiseindicated, excludes:
• 1,280,179 shares of class A common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of June 11, 2021 at a weightedaverage exercise price of $260.71 per share;
• 86,350 shares of class A common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units outstanding as of June 11, 2021;
• 560,138 and 100,000 additional shares of class A common stock available as of June 11, 2021 for future issuance under our 2013Stock Incentive Plan and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively;
• 1,964,025 shares of class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding as ofJune 11, 2021;
• 1,633,190 shares of class A common stock potentially issuable as of June 11, 2021 upon conversion of our 0.750% Convertible SeniorNotes due 2025, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of such notes; and
• 733,005 shares of class A common stock potentially issuable as of June 11, 2021 upon conversion of our 0% Convertible Senior Notesdue 2027, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of such notes.
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our class A common stock, youshould carefully consider the risks described below and discussed under the sections captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent AnnualReport on Form 10-K, as well as in any of our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety, together with other information in this prospectus, the information and documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and in any freewriting prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financialcondition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our class A common stock to decline,resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to This Offering
The market price of our class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and you may not be able to sell your shares at orabove the price you pay in this offering.
The market price of our class A common stock has historically been volatile and this volatility has been significant in recent periods. SinceAugust 11, 2020, the date on which we announced our initial purchase of bitcoin, the closing price of our class A common stock has increased from$123.62 as of August 10, 2020, the last trading day before our announcement, to $516.44 as of June 11, 2021, and has traded as high as $1,315.00 and aslow as $122.38 during such period and the daily trading volume was as high as 2,319,700 shares and as low as 38,500 shares. The market price of ourclass A common stock may fluctuate widely in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but are notlimited to:
• fluctuations in the price of bitcoin, of which we have significant holdings and expect to continue to make significant purchases of;
• announcements about our transactions in bitcoin, including purchases using the net proceeds from this offering;
• quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;
• announcements about our earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations, the likelihood of which may be enhanced because it is ourpolicy not to give guidance relating to our anticipated financial performance in future periods;
• announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, dispositions, new offerings, significant contracts, commercial relationships, orcapital commitments;
• our ability to develop, market, and deliver new and enhanced offerings on a timely basis;
• commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;
• recommendations by securities analysts or changes in earnings estimates and our ability to meet those estimates;
• investor perception of our Company;
• announcements by our competitors of their earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations;
• the volume of shares of our class A common stock available for public sale;
• sales or purchases of stock by us or by our stockholders and issuances of awards under our stock incentive plan; and
• general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of related markets, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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In addition, the stock market and the market for both bitcoin-influenced and technology companies have experienced extreme price and volumefluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies in those markets. These market and industryfactors may seriously harm the market price of our class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including the acquisition of bitcoin. As a result, ourmanagement will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and you will not have the opportunity as part of yourinvestment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used in a manner of which you approve. Because of the number and variability offactors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially. Our management may not apply ournet proceeds in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harmour business. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expectedfinancial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.
We may use the net proceeds from this offering to purchase additional bitcoin, the price of which has been, and will likely continue to be,highly volatile.
We may use the net proceeds from this offering to purchase additional bitcoin. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $10,000 perbitcoin and above $60,000 per bitcoin in our principal market in the 12 months preceding the date of this prospectus. In addition, bitcoin does not payinterest or other returns and so ability to generate a return on investment from the net proceeds from this offering will depend on whether there isappreciation in the value of bitcoin following our purchases of bitcoin with the net proceeds from this offering. Future fluctuations in bitcoin tradingprices may result in our converting bitcoin purchased with the net proceeds from this offering into cash with a value substantially below the net proceedsfrom this offering.
Purchasers will experience immediate dilution in the book value per share of the class A common stock purchased in the offering.
The shares of class A common stock sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. However, we expect that theoffering price of our class A common stock will be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding class A commonstock. Our net tangible book value represents our total assets less our digital assets (which are classified as intangible assets) and less our total liabilities.After giving effect to the sale of shares of our class A common stock in the aggregate amount of $1,000,000,000 at an assumed offering price of $516.44per share, the last sale price of our class A common stock on June 11, 2021 on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, and after deducting estimatedcommissions and estimated offering expenses, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2021 would have been approximately$(590.8) million, or approximately $(0.06) per share. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of approximately$0.14 per share to the existing holders of our class A common stock and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of approximately$516.50 per share to purchasers of our class A common stock in this offering.
Furthermore, the exercise of outstanding options or the conversion of outstanding convertible notes could result, and the vesting of outstandingrestricted stock units will result, in further dilution to investors. In addition, the market price of our class A common stock could fall as a result of resalesof any of these shares of class A common stock issuable upon such exercise, conversion, or vesting due to an increased number of shares of class Acommon stock available for sale in the market.
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity or convertible debt offerings.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our class A common stock, or additional convertible debt orother securities convertible into or exchangeable for our class A common
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stock, at prices that may not be the same as the price per share that you pay in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in thefuture could have rights superior to existing stockholders. Any such offerings could result in further dilution to you.
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, stockholders must rely on capitalappreciation, if any, for any return on their investment.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our class A common stock or class B common stock. We currently intend to retain all of ourfuture earnings, if any, to purchase additional bitcoin and for the development of our enterprise analytics software business, and we do not intend to paycash dividends in respect of our class A common stock or class B common stock in the foreseeable future. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of ourclass A common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay ourindebtedness.
As of June 14, 2021, we had $2.2 billion in aggregate principal amount of total consolidated indebtedness outstanding, including:
• $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”);
• $1.050 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”); and
• $500.0 aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and, collectively with the 2025 Notes andthe 2027 Notes, the “Notes”).
In addition, our bitcoin acquisition strategy anticipates that we may issue additional debt in future periods to finance additional purchases ofbitcoin. Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including each of the Notes orany subsequently issued indebtedness, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyondour control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capitalexpenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling bitcoin or other assets,restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness willdepend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in theseactivities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
We may be required to repay the 2028 Notes prior to their stated maturity date, if the springing maturity feature is triggered, which may have amaterial adverse effect on us.
The 2028 Notes include a springing maturity feature, meaning they will ordinarily mature on June 15, 2028, but the maturity date will springahead to the date that is 91 days prior to the existing maturity date of the 2025 Notes (which is September 15, 2025), the 2027 Notes (which isNovember 16, 2026) or the maturity date of certain other convertible indebtedness then outstanding, unless on such dates (i) the Company has liquidityin excess of 130% of the amount required to pay in full in cash the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of and accrued interest on the 2025Notes, the 2027 Notes or such other convertible indebtedness then outstanding, as applicable, or (ii) less than $100,000,000 of the aggregate principalamount of the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes or any such convertible indebtedness, as applicable, remains outstanding.
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The springing maturity feature may or may not be triggered, and even if it is not triggered, the Company may subsequently default on any of theNotes, which would result in an event of default under the indentures governing these notes, which could lead to an acceleration or repayment ofsubstantially all of our outstanding indebtedness which would have a material adverse effect on us.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
From time to time, we may issue and sell shares of our class A common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $1,000,000,000. Becausethere is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds tous, if any, are not determinable at this time.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including the acquisition of bitcoin. As a result, ourmanagement will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and you will not have the opportunity as part of yourinvestment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used in a manner of which you approve.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our class A common stock or class B common stock. We currently intend to retain all of ourfuture earnings, if any, to purchase additional bitcoin and for the development of our business, and we do not intend to pay cash dividends in respect ofour class A common stock or class B common stock in the foreseeable future.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have entered into a sales agreement with Jefferies, under which we may offer and sell up to $1,000,000,000 of our shares of class A commonstock from time to time through Jefferies acting as agent. Sales of our shares of class A common stock, if any, under this prospectus will be made by anymethod that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. We entered into the sales agreement onJune 14, 2021.
Each time we wish to issue and sell shares of our class A common stock under the sales agreement, we will notify Jefferies of the number ofshares to be issued, the dates on which such sales are anticipated to be made, any limitation on the number of shares to be sold in any one day and anyminimum price below which sales may not be made. Once we have so instructed Jefferies, unless Jefferies declines to accept the terms of such notice,Jefferies has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such shares up to the amountspecified on such terms. The obligations of Jefferies under the sales agreement to sell our shares of class A common stock are subject to a number ofconditions that we must meet.
The settlement of sales of shares between us and Jefferies is generally anticipated to occur on the second trading day following the date on whichthe sale was made. Sales of our shares of class A common stock as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of TheDepository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Jefferies may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow,trust or similar arrangement.
We will pay Jefferies a commission of up to 2% of the aggregate gross proceeds we receive from each sale of our shares of class A common stock.Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions andproceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse Jefferies for the fees and disbursements of its counsel,payable upon execution of the sales agreement, in an amount not to exceed $50,000, in addition to certain ongoing disbursements of its legal counsel.We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to Jefferies under the terms of thesales agreement, will be approximately $344,000. The remaining sale proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceedsfrom the sale of such shares.
Jefferies will provide written confirmation to us before the open of The Nasdaq Global Select Market on the day following each day on which ourshares of class A common stock are sold under the sales agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of shares sold on that day, the aggregategross proceeds of such sales and the proceeds to us.
In connection with the sale of the shares of class A common stock on our behalf, Jefferies will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within themeaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of Jefferies will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed toindemnify Jefferies against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We have also agreed to contribute to payments Jefferiesmay be required to make in respect of such liabilities.
The offering of our shares of class A common stock pursuant to the sales agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all shares ofclass A common stock subject to the sales agreement and (ii) the termination of the sales agreement as permitted therein. We and Jefferies may eachterminate the sales agreement at any time upon ten days’ prior notice.
This summary of the material provisions of the sales agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy ofthe sales agreement is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
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Jefferies and its affiliates have previously and may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking, financial advisory andother financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they have and may in the future receive customary fees. In the course of its business,Jefferies may actively trade our securities for its own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, Jefferies may at any time hold long orshort positions in such securities.
This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by Jefferies, and Jefferies may distribute this prospectuselectronically.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of class A common stock offered hereby will be passed upon by Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP. JefferiesLLC is being represented by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP in connection with this offering.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of MicroStrategy Incorporated as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2020 have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm,incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Available Information
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all of theinformation in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Whenever a referenceis made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to theexhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus for acopy of such contract, agreement or other document. We file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. TheSEC maintains a web site that contains periodic and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us,who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.
Incorporation by Reference
The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important informationto you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of thisprospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained ina previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that astatement contained in this prospectus modifies or replaces that statement.
We also incorporate by reference our documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or15(d) of the Exchange Act between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus. We arenot, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed below or filed in the future, that are not deemed“filed” with the SEC, including any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01of Form 8-K.
This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC (File No. 000-24435):
• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on February 12, 2021;
• the information in our proxy statement filed on April 15, 2021, but only to the extent such information is incorporated by reference in our AnnualReport on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020;
• our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on April 29, 2021;
• our Current Reports on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 22, 2021, February 2, 2021, February 17, 2021, February 19, 2021, March
1, 2021, March 5, 2021, March 12, 2021, April 5, 2021, April 12, 2021, May 13, 2021, May 18, 2021, June 2, 2021, June 7, 2021, June 8,2021 and June 14, 2021; and
• The description of our class A common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A as filed with the SEC on June 10, 1998, as thedescription therein has been updated and superseded by the description of our capital stock contained in Exhibit 4.2 to our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020, and including any amendments and reportsfiled for the purpose of updating such description.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, at no cost tothe requester, any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated byreference in the documents).
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Requests for such documents should be directed to:
MicroStrategy Incorporated1850 Towers Crescent Plaza
Tysons Corner, Virginia 22182Attention: Investor RelationsEmail: [email protected]
(703) 848-8600
The information accessible through any website referred to in this prospectus or any document incorporated herein is not, and should not bedeemed to be, a part of this prospectus.
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Up to $1,000,000,000
Class A Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
Jefferies
June 14, 2021
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PART IIINFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the fees and expenses payable by us in connection with the sale of the offered class A common stock beingregistered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.
SEC registration fee $ (1) Printing and engraving (2) Accounting services (2) Legal fees of registrant’s counsel (2) Transfer agent’s fees and expenses (2) Miscellaneous (2)
Total $ (2)
(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r), we are deferring payment of the SEC registration fee for the securities offered under this registrationstatement other than the SEC registration fee of $109,100.00 due in connection with the $1,000,000,000 of our class A common stock that may beissued and sold from time to time under an Open Market Sale Agreement with Jefferies LLC.
(2) These fees and expenses are calculated based on the class A common stock offered and the number of issuances and accordingly are not estimableat this time and will be reflected in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), our secondamended and restated certificate of incorporation (“Certificate”) and our amended and restated bylaws (“Bylaws”).
Section 145 of the DGCL provides, generally, that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or isthreatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (except actions by or in the right of the corporation) byreason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation against all expenses, judgments, fines and amountspaid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if such person acted in good faithand in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal actionor proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. A corporation may similarly indemnify such person for expensesactually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of any action or suit by or in the right of the corporation,provided that such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of thecorporation, and, in the case of claims, issues and matters as to which such person shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation, provided that acourt shall have determined, upon application, that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person isfairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which such court shall deem proper.
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides, generally, that our Certificate may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of adirector to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision may noteliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (ii) for acts oromissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for anytransaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. No such provision may eliminate or limit the liability of a director for any actor omission occurring prior to the date when such provision became effective.
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Our Certificate provides that we will, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, as amended from time to time, indemnify eachperson who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding whether civil,criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving,or has agreed to serve, at our request, as a director, officer, or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture,trust or other enterprise (including any employee benefit plan) (any such person being referred to as an “Indemnitee”), or by reason of any action allegedto have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actuallyand reasonably incurred by or on behalf of any Indemnitee in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom; provided thatwe shall not indemnify an Indemnitee seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee unless theinitiation thereof was approved by our board of directors.
We maintain a general liability insurance policy which covers certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts oromissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
In any underwriting agreement we enter into in connection with the offering of common stock being registered hereby, the underwriters will agree toindemnify, under certain conditions, our directors and officers (as well as certain other persons) against certain liabilities arising in connection with suchoffering.
Item 16. Exhibits.
Exhibit Index Exhibit No. Description
1.1* Form of Underwriting Agreement.
1.2 Open Market Sale Agreement, dated as of June 14, 2021, by and between the registrant and Jefferies LLC.
4.1
Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.2
Amended and Restated By-Laws of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2015 (File No. 000-24435)).
5.1 Opinion of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP.
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm for the registrant.
23.2 Consent of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24 Powers of Attorney (included in the signature pages to the Registration Statement). * To be filed by amendment or by a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a)(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);
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(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth inthis registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollarvalue of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimatedmaximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in theaggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price setforth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement orany material change to such information in this registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effectiveamendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by a Registrant pursuant to Section 13 orSection 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are incorporated by reference in this registrationstatement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this registration statement.
(2) That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be theinitial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at thetermination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i) each prospectus filed by a Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of thedate the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required bySection 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier ofthe date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offeringdescribed in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date anunderwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in theregistration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initialbona fide offering thereof;. provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of theregistration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement orprospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date,supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registrationstatement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of a Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the
securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of such undersigned Registrant pursuant to thisregistration statement, regardless
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of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means ofany of the following communications, such undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sellsuch securities to such purchaser:
(i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of such undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule424;
(ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of such undersigned Registrant or used or referred to bysuch undersigned Registrant;
(iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about such undersignedRegistrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of such undersigned Registrant; and
(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by such undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act:
(i) the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and
contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shallbe deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and
(ii) each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to thesecurities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(b) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of theRegistrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employeebenefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statementshall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that timeshall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons ofany Registrant pursuant to the indemnification provisions described herein, or otherwise, each Registrant has been advised that in theopinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by a Registrant of expensesincurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of such Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) isasserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, such Registrant will, unless in theopinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the questionwhether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudicationof such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of therequirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto dulyauthorized, in the city of Tysons Corner, Commonwealth of Virginia, on June 14, 2021.
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Michael J. Saylor Name: Michael J. Saylor
Title:
Chairman of the Board of Directors & ChiefExecutive Officer
SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of MicroStrategy Incorporated hereby severally constitute and appoint Phong Q. Le and W. Ming Shao,and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact with full power to any of them, and to each of them singly, to sign for us and in our namesin the capacities indicated below the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all amendments (including post-effectiveamendments) to said Registration Statement, and any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, inconnection with said Registration Statement, and to file or cause to be filed the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connectiontherewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and generally to do all such things in our name and on our behalf in our capacities as officersand directors to enable MicroStrategy Incorporated to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all requirements of theSecurities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys, and each of them, or their substitute or substitutes, shalldo or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacitiesand on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ Michael J. SaylorMichael J. Saylor
Chairman of the Board of Directors & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
June 14, 2021
/s/ Phong LePhong Le
President & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
June 14, 2021
/s/ Jeanine MontgomeryJeanine Montgomery
Senior Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer(Principal Accounting Officer)
June 14, 2021
/s/ Stephen X. GrahamStephen X. Graham
Director
June 14, 2021
/s/ Jarrod M. PattenJarrod M. Patten
Director
June 14, 2021
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Signature Title Date
/s/ Leslie RechanLeslie Rechan
Director
June 14, 2021
/s/ Carl J. RickertsenCarl J. Rickertsen
Director
June 14, 2021
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Exhibit 1.2
OPEN MARKET SALE AGREEMENTSM
June 14, 2021
JEFFERIES LLC520 Madison AvenueNew York, New York 10022
Ladies and Gentlemen:
MicroStrategy Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue andsell from time to time through Jefferies LLC, as sales agent and/or principal (the “Agent”), shares of the Company’s class A common stock, par value$0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000 on the terms set forth in this agreement (this“Agreement”).
Section 1. Definitions
(a) Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the followingrespective meanings:
“Agency Period” means the period commencing on the date of this Agreement and expiring on the earliest to occur of (x) the date on which theAgent shall have placed the Maximum Program Amount pursuant to this Agreement and (y) the date this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 7.
“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
“Floor Price” means the minimum price set by the Company in the Issuance Notice below which the Agent shall not sell Shares during theapplicable period set forth in the Issuance Notice, which may be adjusted by the Company at any time during the period set forth in the Issuance Noticeby delivering written notice of such change to the Agent and which in no event shall be less than $1.00 without the prior written consent of the Agent,which may be withheld in the Agent’s sole discretion.
“Issuance Amount” means the aggregate Sales Price of the Shares to be sold by the Agent pursuant to any Issuance Notice.
“Issuance Notice” means a written notice delivered to the Agent by the Company in accordance with this Agreement in the form attached heretoas Exhibit A that is executed by its Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Financial Officer.
“Issuance Notice Date” means any Trading Day during the Agency Period that an Issuance Notice is delivered pursuant to Section 3(b)(i).
“Issuance Price” means the Sales Price less the Selling Commission.
“Maximum Program Amount” means Common Shares with an aggregate Sales Price of the lesser of (a) $1,000,000,000, (b) the number ordollar amount of Common Shares the issuance and sale of which is registered under the effective Registration Statement (defined below) pursuant towhich the offering is being made, (c) the number of authorized but unissued Common Shares (less Common Shares issuable upon exercise, conversionor exchange of any outstanding securities of the Company or otherwise reserved from the Company’s authorized capital stock), (d) the number or dollaramount of Common Shares permitted to be sold under Form S-3 (including General Instruction I.B.6 thereof, if applicable), or (e) the number or dollaramount of Common Shares for which the Company has filed a Prospectus (defined below). SM “Open Market Sale Agreement” is a service mark of Jefferies LLC
“Person” means an individual or a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, jointventure, joint stock company, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.
“Principal Market” means the Nasdaq Global Select Market or such other national securities exchange on which the Common Shares, includingany Shares, are then listed.
“Sales Price” means the actual sale execution price of each Share placed by the Agent pursuant to this Agreement.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
“Selling Commission” means up to two percent (2.0%) of the gross proceeds of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement, or as otherwise agreedbetween the Company and the Agent with respect to any Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement.
“Settlement Date” means the second business day following each Trading Day during the period set forth in the Issuance Notice on which Sharesare sold pursuant to this Agreement, when the Company shall deliver to the Agent the amount of Shares sold on such Trading Day and the Agent shalldeliver to the Company the Issuance Price received on such sales.
“Shares” shall mean the Company’s Common Shares issued or issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
“Trading Day” means any day on which the Principal Market is open for trading.
Section 2. Representations And Warranties Of The Company
The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Agent that as of (1) the date of this Agreement, (2) each Issuance Notice Date,(3) each Settlement Date, (4) each Triggering Event Date with respect to which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 4(o)and (5) as of each Time of Sale (as defined below) (each of the times referenced above is referred to herein as a “Representation Date”), except as maybe disclosed in the Prospectus (including any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements thereto) on or before a RepresentationDate:
(a) Registration Statement. The Company has prepared and will file with the Commission an “automatic” shelf registration statement, as definedunder Rule 405 of the Securities Act, on Form S-3ASR that contains a base prospectus and a prospectus relating to the Shares. Such registrationstatement registers the issuance and sale by the Company of the Shares under the Securities Act. The Company may file one or more additionalregistration statements from time to time that will contain a base prospectus and related prospectus or prospectus supplement, if applicable, with respectto the Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement(s), including any information deemed to be a part thereofpursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, including all financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto and all documents incorporated ordeemed to be incorporated therein by reference pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3ASR under the Securities Act as from time to time amended orsupplemented, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, is herein referred toas the “Registration Statement,” and the prospectus constituting a part of such registration statement(s), together with any prospectus supplement filedwith the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act relating to a particular issuance of the Shares, including all documentsincorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, in each case, as from time totime amended or supplemented, is referred to herein as the “Prospectus,” except that if any revised prospectus is provided to the Agent by the Companyfor use in connection with the offering of the Shares that is not required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, theterm “Prospectus” shall refer to such revised prospectus from and after the time it is first provided to the Agent for such use. The RegistrationStatement at the time it originally becomes effective is herein called the “Original Registration Statement.” As used in this Agreement, the terms“amendment” or “supplement” when applied to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include the filing by the Companywith the Commission of any document under the Exchange Act after the date hereof that is or is deemed to be incorporated therein by reference.
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All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included,” “stated” or “partof” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financialstatements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed under the Securities Actto be a part of or included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be, as of any specified date; and all references in thisAgreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include, without limitation, thefiling of any document under the Exchange Act which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed under the Securities Actto be a part of or included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be, as of any specified date. The Company’s obligationsunder this Agreement to furnish, provide, deliver or make available (and all other similar references) copies of any report or statement shall be deemedsatisfied if the same is filed with the Commission through its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”).
At the time the Original Registration Statement becomes effective and at the time the Company’s most recent annual report on Form 10-K wasfiled with the Commission, if later, the Company was, or will be, a “well known seasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. TheOriginal Registration Statement is an “automatic shelf registration statement,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and will become effectiveupon filing. The Company has not received from the Commission any notice pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act objecting to theCompany’s use of the automatic shelf registration form. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. During theAgency Period, each time the Company files an annual report on Form 10-K the Company will meet the then-applicable requirements for use of FormS-3 under the Securities Act.
(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Original Registration Statement has been or will be declared or deemed effective by theCommission under the Securities Act. The Company has complied to the Commission’s satisfaction with all requests of the Commission for additionalor supplemental information with respect to the Original Registration Statement. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the RegistrationStatement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, arecontemplated or threatened by the Commission.
The Prospectus when filed complied or will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed with the Commission throughEDGAR (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act), was identical to the copy thereof delivered to the Agent for use inconnection with the issuance and sale of the Shares. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it becameor becomes effective and at each Representation Date, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not and will notcontain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements thereinnot misleading. As of the date of this Agreement, the Prospectus and any Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) considered together (collectively,the “Time of Sale Information”) did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementstherein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, as of its date and ateach Representation Date, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to makethe statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in thethree immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendmentthereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Agentfurnished to the Company in writing by the Agent expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished bythe Agent to the Company consists of the information described in Section 6 below. There are no contracts or other documents required to be describedin the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required. The Registration Statementand the offer and sale of the Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all materialrespects with said rule.
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(c) Ineligible Issuer Status. The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering of the Shares pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and433 under the Securities Act. Any Free Writing Prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act hasbeen, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each Free Writing Prospectus that the Companyhas filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by theCompany complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Securities Act including timely filing with theCommission or retention where required and legending, and each such Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at each Time of Sale through thecompletion of the issuance and sale of the Shares did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts with or will conflictwith the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein. Except forthe Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, and electronic road shows, if any, furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used orreferred to, and will not, without your prior consent, prepare, use or refer to, any Free Writing Prospectus.
(d) Incorporated Documents. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and theProspectus, at the time they were filed with the Commission, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable,and, when read together with the other information in the Prospectus, do not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material factrequired to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(e) Exchange Act Compliance. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, at the time they were orhereafter are filed with the Commission, and any Free Writing Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto complied and will comply in all materialrespects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and, when read together with the other information in the Prospectus, at the time the RegistrationStatement and any amendments thereto become effective and at each Time of Sale, as the case may be, will not contain an untrue statement of a materialfact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances underwhich they were made, not misleading.
(f) Statistical and Market-Related Data. The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in each ofthe Registration Statement and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes arereliable and accurate and such data is consistent with the sources from which they are derived, in each case in all material respects.
(g) Disclosure Controls and Procedures; Deficiencies in or Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company and itssubsidiaries maintain a system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that has been designed tocomply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company inreports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in theCommission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to theCompany’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and such disclosure controls and procedures arereasonably effective to perform the functions for which they were established subject to the limitations of any such control system.
(h) This Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(i) Authorization of the Shares. The Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued anddelivered by the Company against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and the issuanceand sale of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase the Shares.
(j) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debtsecurities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as havebeen duly waived.
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(k) No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, subsequent to the respectivedates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or anydevelopment that would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in (A) the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings,business, properties, operations, operating results, assets, liabilities or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course ofbusiness, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity or (B) the ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplatedby this Agreement or perform its obligations hereunder (any such change being referred to herein as a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) the Companyand its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, including withoutlimitation any losses or interference with their business from fire, explosion, flood, earthquakes, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered byinsurance, or from any strike, labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to theCompany and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, and have not entered into any transactions or agreements that are material to the Company not inthe ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has not been any material decrease in the capital stock of the Company or its subsidiaries or any materialincrease in any short-term or long-term indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, and there has been no dividend ordistribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, by any of theCompany’s subsidiaries on any class of capital stock, or any repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capitalstock.
(l) Independent Accountants. KPMG LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in thisAgreement includes the related notes thereto) filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, is (i) an independentregistered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board(“PCAOB”), (ii) in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X underthe Securities Act and (iii) a registered public accounting firm as defined by the PCAOB whose registration has not been suspended or revoked and whohas not requested such registration to be withdrawn.
(m) Financial Statements. The financial statements, together with the related schedules and notes, filed with the Commission as a part of theRegistration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates shownand its results of operations and cash flows for the periods shown, and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generallyaccepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, except for anynormal year-end adjustments in the Company’s quarterly financial statements. The other financial information included or incorporated by reference inthe Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respectsthe information shown thereby.
(n) Company’s Accounting System. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient toprovide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions arerecorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) accessto assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is comparedwith existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensibleBusiness Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus fairly presents the informationcalled for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Since the end of theCompany’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (i) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whetheror not remediated) and (ii) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(o) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in goodstanding under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the corporate power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct itsbusiness as described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in eachjurisdiction in
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which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be soqualified or be in good standing would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, takenas a whole.
(p) Subsidiaries. Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated, organized or formed, as applicable, is validly existing as acorporation or other business entity in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, organization or formation, has the corporateor other business entity power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in each of the Registration Statementand the Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or itsownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not,singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the issued shares of capitalstock or other equity interests of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable (tothe extent that such status is applicable and exists under the laws of the jurisdiction in which such entity is organized) and are owned directly orindirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims.
(q) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in theRegistration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein. The Common Shares (including the Shares) conform in all materialrespects to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding Common Shares have been duly authorized and validlyissued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding CommonShares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of theCompany. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debtsecurities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than those described in orcontemplated by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The descriptions of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans orarrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus accurately and fairly in allmaterial respects present the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(r) Stock Exchange Listing. The Common Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed on thePrincipal Market, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Sharesunder the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Shares from the Principal Market, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commissionor the Principal Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicablelisting requirements of the Principal Market.
(s) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of itssubsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter, bylaws or other constitutive document or (ii) in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, wouldbe in default) (“Default”) under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which theCompany or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound (including, without limitation, the indentures governing theCompany’s 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2028, 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 and 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027), or towhich any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (each, an “Existing Instrument”), except, in the case of clause(ii) above, for such Defaults as would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken asa whole. The Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the issuance and delivery of the Shares and consummation of thetransactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus (A) will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, bylaws or other constitutivedocument of the Company or any subsidiary, (B) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (asdefined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any ofits subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens,charges, encumbrances or required consents as would not singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and itssubsidiaries, taken as a whole and (C) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable tothe Company or any subsidiary. As used herein, a “Debt Repayment Triggering Event” means any event or
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condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (orany person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by theCompany or any of its subsidiaries.
(t) No Material Actions or Proceedings. Other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Prospectus, there are no legalor governmental proceedings pending or threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries is subject that would result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, oron the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated by theProspectus.
(u) Intellectual Property Rights. (i) To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries own, have a valid license or possess sufficientrights to all patents, inventions, copyrights, know how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidentialinformation, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks and trade names and all other intellectual property and proprietary rights (including allregistrations and applications for registration of, and all goodwill associated with, any of the foregoing) (collectively, “Intellectual Property Rights”)used in or reasonably necessary to the conduct of their respective businesses as now conducted by them; (ii) the Intellectual Property Rights owned bythe Company and its subsidiaries and, to the Company’s knowledge, the Intellectual Property Rights licensed to the Company and its subsidiaries, arevalid, subsisting and enforceable, and there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by otherschallenging the validity, scope or enforceability of, or any rights of the Company or any of its subsidiaries in, any such Intellectual Property Rights inany material respect; (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice alleging any infringement, misappropriation or otherviolation of Intellectual Property Rights which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would result in aMaterial Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (iv) to the Company’s knowledge, no Person (as defined below) isinfringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating, or has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, any Intellectual Property Rights owned orcontrolled by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (v) to the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries infringes,misappropriates or otherwise violates, or has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, any Intellectual Property Rights of any Person, which,singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would be material to the conduct of the business of the Companyand its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (vi) all employees or contractors engaged in the development of Intellectual Property Rights on behalf of theCompany or any of its subsidiaries have executed an invention assignment agreement whereby such employees or contractors presently assign all oftheir right, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property Rights to the Company or its applicable subsidiary, and to the Company’s knowledge nosuch agreement has been breached or violated; and (vii) the Company and its subsidiaries use, and have used, commercially reasonable efforts toappropriately maintain the confidentiality of all information intended to be maintained as a trade secret that is material to the conduct of their businessesas currently conducted by them.
(v) All Necessary Permits, etc. The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, andhave made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary forthe conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, singly or in theaggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and except as would not singly or in theaggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiarieshas received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, certificate, permit or authorization.
(w) Title to Properties. The Company and its subsidiaries own no real property and have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real andpersonal property and assets that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case, except asdisclosed in the Prospectus, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that do not materiallyinterfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries or would not, singly or in the aggregate,result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
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(x) Tax Law Compliance. The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filedthrough the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in aMaterial Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases inwhich the failure to file or pay would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken asa whole, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financialstatements of the Company), and no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which, singly or in theaggregate, has had (nor does the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have any notice or knowledge of any tax deficiency which could reasonably beexpected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries and which could reasonably be expected to have) a Material Adverse Change forthe Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(y) Company Not an “Investment Company.” The Company is not, and will not be, either after receipt of payment for the Shares or after theapplication of the proceeds therefrom as described under “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, required to register as an“investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
(z) Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses,including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as are customary in the business inwhich they are engaged; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) received written notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer thatmaterial capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason tobelieve that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similarinsurers as may be necessary to continue its business in all material respects at a cost that would not singly or in the aggregate, result in a MaterialAdverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(aa) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has taken, directlyor indirectly, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Shares or of any “referencesecurity” (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”)) with respect to the Common Shares, whether to facilitatethe sale or resale of the Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M, provided, however, thatthe Company makes no representation or warranty as to any activities of the Agent.
(bb) Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiariesor any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which have not been described as required.
(cc) FINRA Matters. All of the information provided to the Agent or to counsel for the Agent by the Company, and, to the Company’s knowledge,its counsel, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or options to acquire any securities of the Company, for thepreparation of any letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) pursuant toFINRA Rules in connection with the offering of the Shares is true, complete and correct in all material respects. The Company is an “experiencedissuer” as defined in FINRA Corporate Financing Rule 5110.
(dd) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, or any director or officerthereof, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to anyofficial of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the RegistrationStatement and the Prospectus.
(ee) Compliance with Environmental Laws. The Company and each of its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign,federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances orwastes, pollutants or contaminants (“Environmental Laws”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under
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applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit,license or approval, except where such non-compliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals orfailure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material AdverseChange for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(ff) Costs of Environmental Compliance. There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, anycapital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval,any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, result in a MaterialAdverse Change for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(gg) Open Source Software. (i) The Company and its subsidiaries use and have used any and all software and other materials distributed under a“free,” “open source,” or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the MIT License, Apache License, GNU General Public License, GNULesser General Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“Open Source Software”) in material compliance with all license termsapplicable to such Open Source Software; and (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries uses or distributes or has used or distributed any OpenSource Software in any manner that requires or has required (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries to permit reverse engineering of any softwarecode or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries material to the conduct of their businesses as currently conducted by them or(B) any software code or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries material to the conduct of their businesses as currentlyconducted by them to be (1) disclosed or distributed in source code form, (2) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works or (3) redistributed atno charge.
(hh) Brokers. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Companyany brokerage or finder’s fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(ii) No Outstanding Loans or Other Extensions of Credit. The Company does not have any outstanding extension of credit, in the form of apersonal loan, to or for any director or executive officer (or equivalent thereof) of the Company except for such extensions of credit as are expresslypermitted by Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act.
(jj) Compliance with Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries have been and are in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations,except where failure to be so in compliance would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(kk) Dividend Restrictions. Except as provided in the indenture governing the Company’s 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2028, no subsidiaryof the Company is prohibited or restricted, directly or indirectly, from paying dividends to the Company, or from making any other distribution withrespect to such subsidiary’s equity securities or from repaying to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company any amounts that may from timeto time become due under any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any property or assets to the Company or toany other subsidiary.
(ll) Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Laws. None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, or any director or officer thereof, or, tothe Company’s knowledge, any employee, agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, has taken or will take anyaction in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts oranything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned orcontrolled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or anypolitical party or party official or candidate for political office) (“Government Official”) in order to influence official action, or to any person inviolation of any applicable anti-corruption laws; (ii) the Company and each of its subsidiaries and affiliates have conducted their businesses incompliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonablydesigned to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; and (iii) neither the Companynor any of its subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, orauthorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.
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(mm) Money Laundering Laws. (i) The operations of the Company and each of its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times inmaterial compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended byTitle III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USAPATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and each of its subsidiaries conduct business, therules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency(collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), (ii) no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or bodyor any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledgeof the Company, threatened and (iii) the Company and each of its subsidiaries have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies andprocedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws and with the representations and warrantiescontained herein.
(nn) Sanctions. (i) None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any director or officer thereof, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee,agent, affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (“Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by oneor more Persons that are: (A) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the United States Government (including the United StatesDepartment of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and the United States Department of State), the United Nations Security Council, theEuropean Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), or (B) located, organized or resident in acountry or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria); (ii) the Company will not,directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venturepartner or other Person: (A) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of suchfunding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or (B) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including anyPerson participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise); (iii) for the past five (5) years, the Company and each of itssubsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, orin any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions; (iv) the Company and each of its subsidiariesand affiliates have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achievecompliance with Sanctions and with the representations and warranties contained herein.
(oo) Sarbanes-Oxley. The Company is in compliance, in all material respects, with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
(pp) Duties, Transfer Taxes, Etc. No stamp or other issuance or transfer taxes or duties and no capital gains, income, withholding or other taxes arepayable by the Agent in the United States or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein in connection with the execution, delivery orperformance of this Agreement by the Company or the sale and delivery by the Company of the Shares.
(qq) Cybersecurity. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable technical and organizational measures necessary toprotect the respective information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications,technology, data and databases (including Personal Data (as defined below) and the data and information of their respective customers, employees,suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained, processed or stored by or on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries) used in connection withthe operation of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ respective businesses (“IT Systems and Data”), and such IT Systems and Data are adequate for,and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries ascurrently conducted, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. Without limiting theforegoing, the Company and its subsidiaries have used commercially reasonable efforts to establish and maintain, and have established, maintained,implemented and complied, in all material respects, with reasonable information technology, information security, cyber security and data protectioncontrols, policies and procedures, including oversight, access controls, encryption, technological and physical safeguards and
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business continuity/disaster recovery and security plans, consistent with industry standards and practices, that are designed to protect against and preventbreach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise or misuse of orrelating to any IT Systems and Data (“Breach”). There has been no such Breach, and the Company and its subsidiaries have not been notified of andhave no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any such Breach that would result in a Material AdverseChange for the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(rr) Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. (i) The Company and each of its subsidiaries have complied and are presently in compliance in allmaterial respects with all internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, industry standards, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders,rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any other legal obligations, in each case, relating to thecollection, use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of personal, personallyidentifiable, household, sensitive, confidential or regulated data or information (“Data Security Obligations”, and such data and information,“Personal Data”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have not received any notification of or complaint regarding and are unaware of any other factsthat, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably indicate non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation by the Company or any of itssubsidiaries; and (iii) there is no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or, to theCompany’s knowledge, threatened alleging non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(ss) Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge ofthe Company, is imminent, and the Company is not aware of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its or itssubsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except as would not singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change for theCompany and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(tt) Other Underwriting Agreements. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at the market” orcontinuous equity transaction.
Any certificate signed by any officer or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to the Agent or counsel for theAgent in connection with an issuance of Shares shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Agent as to the matters coveredthereby on the date of such certificate.
The Company acknowledges that the Agent and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 4(o) hereof, counsel to theCompany and counsel to the Agent, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.
Section 3. Issuance And Sale Of Common Shares
(a) Sale of Securities. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditionsherein set forth, the Company and the Agent agree that the Company may from time to time seek to sell Shares through the Agent, acting as sales agent,or directly to the Agent, acting as principal, as follows, with an aggregate Sales Price of up to the Maximum Program Amount, based on and inaccordance with Issuance Notices as the Company may deliver, during the Agency Period.
(b) Mechanics of Issuances.
(i) Issuance Notice. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, on any Trading Day during the Agency Period on which theconditions set forth in Section 5(a) and Section 5(b) shall have been satisfied, the Company may exercise its right to request an issuance of Shares bydelivering to the Agent an Issuance Notice; provided, however, that (A) in no event may the Company deliver an Issuance Notice to the extent that(I) the sum of (x) the aggregate Sales Price of the requested Issuance Amount, plus (y) the aggregate Sales Price of all Shares issued under all previousIssuance Notices effected pursuant to this Agreement, would exceed the Maximum Program Amount; and (B) prior to delivery of any Issuance Notice,the period set forth for any previous Issuance Notice shall have expired or been terminated. An Issuance Notice shall be considered delivered on theTrading Day that it is received by e-mail to the persons set forth in Schedule A hereto and confirmed by the Company by telephone (including avoicemail message to the persons so identified), with the understanding that, with adequate prior written notice, the Agent may modify the list of suchpersons from time to time.
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(ii) Agent Efforts. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, upon the receipt of an Issuance Notice, the Agent willuse its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal sales and trading practices to place the Shares with respect to which the Agent hasagreed to act as sales agent, subject to, and in accordance with the information specified in, the Issuance Notice, unless the sale of the Shares describedtherein has been suspended, cancelled or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties tothis Agreement may modify an Issuance Notice at any time provided they both agree in writing to any such modification.
(iii) Method of Offer and Sale. The Shares may be offered and sold (A) in privately negotiated transactions with the consent of the Company;(B) as block transactions; or (C) by any other method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under theSecurities Act, including sales made directly on the Principal Market or sales made into any other existing trading market of the Common Shares.Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to require either party to agree to the method of offer and sale specified in the preceding sentence, and(except as specified in clauses (A) and (B) above) the method of placement of any Shares by the Agent shall be at the Agent’s discretion.
(iv) Confirmation to the Company. If acting as sales agent hereunder, the Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later thanthe opening of the Trading Day next following the Trading Day on which it has placed Shares hereunder setting forth the number of shares sold on suchTrading Day, the corresponding Sales Price and the Issuance Price payable to the Company in respect thereof.
(v) Settlement. Each issuance of Shares will be settled on the applicable Settlement Date for such issuance of Shares and, subject to the provisionsof Section 5, on or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Shares being sold bycrediting the Agent or its designee’s account at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian (DWAC) System, or bysuch other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto and, upon receipt of such Shares, which in all cases shall be freelytradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form, the Agent will deliver, by wire transfer of immediately available funds, the relatedIssuance Price in same day funds delivered to an account designated by the Company prior to the Settlement Date. The Company may sell Shares to theAgent as principal at a price agreed upon between the Company and the Agent at each relevant time Shares are sold pursuant to this Agreement (each, a“Time of Sale”).
(vi) Suspension or Termination of Sales. Consistent with standard market settlement practices, the Company or the Agent may, upon notice to theother party hereto in writing or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable email), suspend any sale of Shares, and the period set forth in anIssuance Notice shall immediately terminate; provided, however, that (A) such suspension and termination shall not affect or impair either party’sobligations with respect to any Shares placed or sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice; (B) if the Company suspends or terminates any sale ofShares after the Agent confirms such sale to the Company, the Company shall still be obligated to comply with Section 3(b)(v) with respect to suchShares; and (C) if the Company defaults in its obligation to deliver Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that it will hold the Agentharmless against any loss, claim, damage or expense (including, without limitation, penalties, interest and reasonable legal fees and expenses), asincurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, in performing its obligationsunder this Agreement, the Agent may borrow Common Shares from stock lenders in the event that the Company has not delivered Shares to settle salesas required by subsection (v) above, and may use the Shares to settle or close out such borrowings. The Company agrees that no such notice shall beeffective against the Agent unless it is made to the persons identified in writing by the Agent pursuant to Section 3(b)(i).
(vii) No Guarantee of Placement, Etc. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (A) there can be no assurance that the Agent will be successfulin placing Shares; (B) the Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other Person if it does not sell Shares; and (C) the Agentshall be under no obligation to purchase Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically agreed by the Agentand the Company.
(viii) Material Non-Public Information. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company and the Agent agree that theCompany shall not deliver any Issuance Notice to the Agent, and the Agent shall not be obligated to place any Shares, during any period in which theCompany is in possession of material non-public information.
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(c) Fees. As compensation for services rendered, the Company shall pay to the Agent, on the applicable Settlement Date, the Selling Commissionfor the applicable Issuance Amount (including with respect to any suspended or terminated sale pursuant to Section 3(b)(vi)) by the Agent deducting theSelling Commission from the applicable Issuance Amount.
(d) Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunderand in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of theShares (including all printing and engraving costs); (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Shares; (iii) all necessary issue,transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares; (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independentpublic or certified public accountants and other advisors; (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shippingand distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Prospectus,any Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and thisAgreement; (vi) all filing fees, attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Agent in connection with qualifying or registering (orobtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Shares for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky lawsor the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Agent, preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey” or memorandum and a“Canadian wrapper”, and any supplements thereto, advising the Agent of such qualifications, registrations, determinations and exemptions; (vii) thereasonable and documented fees and disbursements of the Agent’s counsel, including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of counsel forthe Agent in connection with, FINRA review, if any, and approval of the Agent’s participation in the offering and distribution of the Shares; (viii) thefiling fees incident to FINRA review, if any; (ix) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show”undertaken in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Shares, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation ordissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of anyconsultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of therepresentatives, employees and officers of the Company and of the Agent and any such consultants, and the cost of any aircraft chartered in connectionwith the road show; and (x) the fees and expenses associated with listing the Shares on the Principal Market. The fees and disbursements of Agent’scounsel pursuant to subsections (vi) and (vii) above shall not exceed (A) $50,000 in connection with execution of this Agreement and (B) $15,000 inconnection with each Triggering Event Date (as defined below) on which the Company is required to provide a certificate pursuant to Section 4(o).
Section 4. Additional Covenants
The Company covenants and agrees with the Agent as follows, in addition to any other covenants and agreements made elsewhere in thisAgreement:
(a) Exchange Act Compliance. During the Agency Period, the Company shall (i) file, on a timely basis, with the Commission all reports anddocuments required to be filed under Section 13, 14 or 15 of the Exchange Act in the manner and within the time periods required by the Exchange Act;and (ii) either (A) include in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and its annual reports on Form 10-K, a summary detailing, for the relevant reportingperiod, (1) the number of Shares sold through the Agent pursuant to this Agreement and (2) the net proceeds received by the Company from such salesor (B) prepare a prospectus supplement containing, or include in such other filing permitted by the Securities Act or Exchange Act (each an “InterimProspectus Supplement”), such summary information and, at least once a quarter and subject to this Section 4, file such Interim Prospectus Supplementpursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (and within the time periods required by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430B under the Securities Act).
(b) Securities Act Compliance. After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Agent in writing (i) of the receipt of anycomments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus;(ii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus,any Free Writing Prospectus; (iii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; and (iv) ofthe issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto orany amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus, orof any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Shares from any securities exchange upon which they arelisted for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or
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initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use itscommercially reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order as soon as practicable. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with theprovisions of Rule 424(b) and Rule 433, as applicable, under the Securities Act and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to confirm that anyfilings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were filed in a timely manner with the Commission.
(c) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. If any event shall occur or condition exist as a result ofwhich it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus so that the Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit tostate a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser,not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Agent or counsel for the Agent it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to complywith applicable law, including the Securities Act, the Company agrees (subject to Section 4(d) and Section 4(f)) to promptly prepare, file with theCommission and furnish at its own expense to the Agent, amendments or supplements to the Prospectus (including by filing a document incorporated byreference therein) so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitto state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to apurchaser, not be misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law including the Securities Act.Neither the Agent’s consent to, or delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the Company’s obligations underSection 4(d) and Section 4(f). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to file such amendment or supplement if there is nooutstanding Issuance Notice and the Company believes that it is in its best interest not to file such amendment or supplement; provided, however, theCompany agrees not to provide an Issuance Notice or otherwise sell under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed.
(d) Agent’s Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements. Prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement (excluding (i) thefiling under the Exchange Act of documents incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement that either (A) do not name the Agent and do notrelate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (B) include disclosure naming the Agent and regarding the transactions contemplated bythis Agreement that is limited to disclosure of periodic sales pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) amendments or supplements that do not name theAgent and do not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) or the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement throughincorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish to the Agent for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to theproposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file or use any suchproposed amendment or supplement without the Agent’s prior consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Companyshall file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filedpursuant to such Rule.
(e) Use of Free Writing Prospectus. Neither the Company nor the Agent has prepared, used, referred to or distributed, or will prepare, use, refer toor distribute, without the other party’s prior written consent, any “written communication” that constitutes a “free writing prospectus” as such terms aredefined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act with respect to the offering contemplated by this Agreement (any such free writing prospectus beingreferred to herein as a “Free Writing Prospectus”).
(f) Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall furnish to the Agent for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filingor use thereof, a copy of each proposed Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by, orreferred to by the Company and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any proposed Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplementthereto without the Agent’s consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Company shall furnish to the Agent, withoutcharge, as many copies of any Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, or used by the Company, as the Agent may reasonably request. If atany time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act (including, without limitation, pursuant to Rule 173(d)) to be delivered in connection withsales of the Shares (but in any event if at any time through and including the date of this Agreement) there occurred or occurs an event or developmentas a result of which any Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company conflicted or would conflict withthe information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit tostate a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, notmisleading, the Company shall promptly amend or supplement such Free Writing
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Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict or so that the statements in such Free Writing Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will notinclude an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of thecircumstances prevailing at such subsequent time, not misleading, as the case may be; provided, however, that prior to amending or supplementing anysuch Free Writing Prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Agent for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or usethereof, a copy of such proposed amended or supplemented Free Writing Prospectus and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any such amended orsupplemented Free Writing Prospectus without the Agent’s consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
(g) Filing of Agent Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall not take any action that would result in the Agent or the Company beingrequired to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Agentthat the Agent otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.
(h) Copies of Registration Statement and Prospectus. After the date of this Agreement through the last time that a prospectus is required by theSecurities Act (including, without limitation, pursuant to Rule 173(d)) to be delivered in connection with sales of the Shares, the Company agrees tofurnish the Agent with copies (which may be electronic copies) of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, and with copies of theProspectus and each amendment or supplement thereto in the form in which it is filed with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act or Rule424(b) under the Securities Act, both in such quantities as the Agent may reasonably request from time to time; and, if the delivery of a prospectus isrequired under the Securities Act or under the blue sky or securities laws of any jurisdiction at any time on or prior to the applicable Settlement Date forany period set forth in an Issuance Notice in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares and if at such time any event has occurred as a result ofwhich the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessaryin order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus is delivered, notmisleading, or, if for any other reason it is necessary during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Actany document incorporated by reference in the Prospectus in order to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, to notify the Agent and torequest that the Agent suspend offers to sell Shares (and, if so notified, the Agent shall cease such offers as soon as practicable); and if the Companydecides to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented, to advise the Agent promptly bytelephone (with confirmation in writing) and to prepare and cause to be filed promptly with the Commission an amendment or supplement to theRegistration Statement or the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented that will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance;provided, however, that if during such same period the Agent is required to deliver a prospectus in respect of transactions in the Shares, the Companyshall promptly prepare and file with the Commission such an amendment or supplement.
(i) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company shall cooperate with the Agent and counsel for the Agent to qualify or register the Shares for sale under(or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian provincial securities laws of those jurisdictionsdesignated by the Agent, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as requiredfor the distribution of the Shares. The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it togeneral service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation.The Company will advise the Agent promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Shares foroffering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of anyorder suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof as soon aspracticable.
(j) Earnings Statement. As soon as reasonably practicable, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Agent anearnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Companyoccurring after the date of this Agreement which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 under the Securities Act.
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(k) Listing; Reservation of Shares. (a) The Company will maintain the listing of the Shares on the Principal Market; and (b) the Company willreserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, Shares for the purpose of enabling the Company to satisfy its obligations under thisAgreement.
(l) Transfer Agent. The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Shares.
(m) Due Diligence. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will reasonably cooperate with any reasonable due diligence reviewconducted by the Agent in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and makingavailable documents and senior corporate officers, during normal business hours and at the Company’s principal offices or virtually, as the Agent mayreasonably request from time to time.
(n) Representations and Warranties. The Company acknowledges that each delivery of an Issuance Notice and each delivery of Shares on aSettlement Date shall be deemed to be (i) an affirmation to the Agent that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in or madepursuant to this Agreement are true and correct as of the date of such Issuance Notice or of such Settlement Date, as the case may be, as though made atand as of each such date, except as may be disclosed in the Prospectus (including any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplementsthereto); and (ii) an undertaking that the Company will advise the Agent if any of such representations and warranties will not be true and correct as ofthe Settlement Date for the Shares relating to such Issuance Notice, as though made at and as of each such date (except that such representations andwarranties shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented relating to such Shares).
(o) Deliverables at Triggering Event Dates; Certificates. The Company agrees that on or prior to the date of the first Issuance Notice and, duringthe term of this Agreement after the date of the first Issuance Notice, upon: (A) the filing of the Prospectus or the amendment or supplement of anyRegistration Statement or Prospectus (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Shares or a prospectusfiled pursuant to Section 4(a)(ii)(B)), by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker or supplement, but not by means of incorporation of documentsby reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (B) the filing with the Commission of an annual report on Form 10-K or a quarterly report onForm 10-Q (including any Form 10-K/A or Form 10-Q/A containing amended financial information or a material amendment to the previously filedannual report on Form 10-K or quarterly report on Form 10-Q), in each case, of the Company; or (C) the filing with the Commission of a current reporton Form 8-K of the Company containing amended financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Item 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-Kor to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance withStatement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) that is material to the offering of securities of the Company in the Agent’s reasonable discretion(any such event specified in clause (A), (B) or (C), a “Triggering Event Date”), the Company shall furnish the Agent (but in the case of clause(C) above only if the Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such current report on Form 8-K of the Company is material) with acertificate as of the Triggering Event Date, in the form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel, substantially similar to the formpreviously provided to the Agent and its counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended orsupplemented, (A) confirming that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct, (B) confirmingthat the Company has performed all of its obligations hereunder to be performed on or prior to the date of such certificate and as to the matters set forthin Section 5(a)(iii) hereof, and (C) containing any other certification that the Agent shall reasonably request. The requirement to provide a certificateunder this Section 4(o) shall be waived for any Triggering Event Date occurring at a time when no Issuance Notice is pending or a suspension is ineffect, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers instructions for the sale of Shares hereunder (which forsuch calendar quarter shall be considered a Triggering Event Date) and the next occurring Triggering Event Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if theCompany subsequently decides to sell Shares following a Triggering Event Date when a suspension was in effect and did not provide the Agent with acertificate under this Section 4(o), then before the Company delivers the instructions for the sale of Shares or the Agent sells any Shares pursuant to suchinstructions, the Company shall provide the Agent with a certificate in conformity with this Section 4(o) dated as of the date that the instructions for thesale of Shares are issued.
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(p) Legal Opinions. On or prior to the date of the first Issuance Notice and within three (3) Trading Days of each Triggering Event Date withrespect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 4(o) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date ofthis Agreement, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agent a written legal opinion letter (which shall contain a negative assurancesstatement) of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel to the Company, the written legal opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati PC(limited to confirming the matters addressed in clause 2(y)), special counsel to the Company, and a negative assurances letter and the written legalopinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel to the Agent, each dated the date of delivery, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agentand its counsel, substantially similar to the form previously provided to the Agent and its counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the RegistrationStatement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided that the Company shall be required to furnish no more than one opinion fromeach such counsel per each filing of an annual report on Form 10-K or quarterly report on Form 10-Q. In lieu of such opinions for subsequent periodicfilings, in the discretion of the Agent, the Company may furnish a reliance letter from such counsel to the Agent, permitting the Agent to rely on apreviously delivered opinion letter, modified as appropriate for any passage of time or Triggering Event Date (except that statements in such prioropinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of such Triggering Event Date).
(q) Comfort Letter. On or prior to the date of the first Issuance Notice and within three (3) Trading Days of each Triggering Event Date withrespect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 4(o) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date ofthis Agreement, the Company shall cause KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm who has audited the financial statementsincluded or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, to furnish the Agent a comfort letter, dated the date of delivery, in form andsubstance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel, substantially similar to the form previously provided to the Agent and its counsel;provided, however, that any such comfort letter will only be required on the Triggering Event Date specified to the extent that it contains financialstatements filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act and incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into a Prospectus. At anytime when an Issuance Notice is outstanding and no suspension thereto is in effect, if requested by the Agent, the Company shall also cause a comfortletter to be furnished to the Agent within ten (10) Trading Days of the date of occurrence of any material transaction or event requiring the filing of acurrent report on Form 8-K containing material amended financial information of the Company, including the restatement of the Company’s financialstatements. The Company shall be required to furnish no more than one comfort letter hereunder per each filing of an annual report on Form 10-K or aquarterly report on Form 10-Q.
(r) Secretary’s Certificate. On or prior to the date of the first Issuance Notice and within three (3) Trading Days of each Triggering Event Datewith respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 4(o) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shallfurnish the Agent a certificate executed by the Secretary of the Company, signing in such capacity, dated the date of delivery (i) certifying that attachedthereto are true and complete copies of the resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing the execution and delivery ofthis Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Shares pursuant to thisAgreement), which authorization shall be in full force and effect on and as of the date of such certificate, (ii) certifying and attesting to the office,incumbency, due authority and specimen signatures of each Person who executed this Agreement for or on behalf of the Company, and (iii) containingany other certification that the Agent shall reasonably request.
(s) Agent’s Own Account; Clients’ Account. The Company consents to the Agent trading, in compliance with applicable law, in the CommonShares for the Agent’s own account and for the account of its clients at the same time as sales of the Shares occur pursuant to this Agreement.
(t) Investment Limitation. The Company shall not invest, or otherwise use the proceeds received by the Company from its sale of the Shares insuch a manner as would require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
(u) Market Activities. The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be reasonably expected to cause orresult in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares or any other reference security, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares orotherwise, and the Company will, and shall cause each of its affiliates to, comply with all applicable provisions of Regulation M. If the limitations ofRule 102 of Regulation M (“Rule 102”) do not apply with respect to the Shares or any other reference security pursuant to any exception set forth inSection (d) of Rule 102, then promptly upon notice from the Agent (or, if later, at the time stated in the notice), the Company will, and shall
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cause each of its affiliates to, comply with Rule 102 as though such exception were not available but the other provisions of Rule 102 (as interpreted bythe Commission) did apply. The Company shall promptly notify the Agent if the Common Shares no longer constitute “exempted securities” as definedin Section (d) of Rule 102.
(v) Notice of Other Sale. Without the written consent of the Agent, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell,grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares (other thanShares hereunder), warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire Common Shares, or effect a reverse stock split, recapitalization, share consolidation,reclassification or similar transaction affecting the outstanding Common Shares, during the period beginning on the third Trading Day immediately priorto the date on which any Issuance Notice is delivered to the Agent hereunder and ending on the earlier of (A) the third Trading Day immediatelyfollowing the Settlement Date with respect to Shares sold pursuant to such Issuance Notice and (B) the date such Issuance Notice is cancelled if noShares have been sold pursuant to such Issuance Notice; and will not directly or indirectly enter into any other “at the market” or continuous equitytransaction to offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares (other than the Shares offeredpursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, CommonShares prior to the termination of this Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be applicable in connection with the Company’s(i) issuance or sale of Common Shares, options to purchase Common Shares or Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of options or other equityawards, pursuant to any employee or director share option, incentive or benefit plan, share purchase or ownership plan, long-term incentive plan,dividend reinvestment plan, inducement award under Nasdaq rules or other compensation plan of the Company or its subsidiaries, that is disclosed in theRegistration Statement and the Prospectus, (ii) issuance or sale of Common Shares issuable upon exchange, conversion or redemption of securities orthe exercise or vesting of warrants, options or other equity awards outstanding on the third Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which suchIssuance Notice is delivered to the Agent, (iii) issuance or sale of Common Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares asconsideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations, joint ventures or strategic alliances occurring after the date of this Agreementwhich are not principally used for capital raising purposes provided that the aggregate number of shares issued pursuant to this clause (iii) shall notexceed 5% of the total number of outstanding Common Shares at such time and (iv) modification of any outstanding options, warrants or any otherrights to purchase or acquire Common Shares.
Section 5. Conditions To Delivery Of Issuance Notices And To Settlement
(a) Conditions Precedent to the Right of the Company to Deliver an Issuance Notice and the Obligation of the Agent to Sell Shares. The right ofthe Company to deliver an Issuance Notice hereunder is subject to the satisfaction, on the date of delivery of such Issuance Notice, and the obligation ofthe Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts to place Shares during the applicable period set forth in the Issuance Notice is subject to thesatisfaction, on each Trading Day during the applicable period set forth in the Issuance Notice, of each of the following conditions:
(i) Accuracy of the Company’s Representations and Warranties; Performance by the Company. The Company shall have delivered the certificaterequired to be delivered pursuant to Section 4(o) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 4(o). TheCompany shall have performed, satisfied and complied with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed,satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to such date, including, but not limited to, the covenants contained in Section 4(p), Section 4(q)and Section 4(r).
(ii) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated orendorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self-regulatory organization having authority over the matterscontemplated hereby that prohibits or directly and materially adversely affects any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and noproceeding shall have been commenced that may have the effect of prohibiting or materially adversely affecting any of the transactions contemplated bythis Agreement.
(iii) Material Adverse Changes. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus and the Time of Sale Information, (a) in the judgment of the Agent thereshall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change; and (b) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given ofany intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the ratingaccorded any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as such term is definedfor purposes of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.
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(iv) No Suspension of Trading in or Delisting of Common Shares; Other Events. The trading of the Common Shares (including without limitationthe Shares) shall not have been suspended by the Commission, the Principal Market or FINRA and the Common Shares (including without limitationthe Shares) shall have been approved for listing or quotation on and shall not have been delisted from the Principal Market. There shall not haveoccurred (and be continuing in the case of occurrences under clauses (i) and (ii) below) any of the following: (i) trading or quotation in any of theCompany’s securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by the Principal Market or trading in securities generally on thePrincipal Market shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any of such stockexchanges by the Commission or FINRA; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any federal or New York authorities; or(iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the UnitedStates or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States’ orinternational political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Agent is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to marketthe Shares in the manner and on the terms described in the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities.
(b) Documents Required to be Delivered on each Issuance Notice Date. The Agent’s obligation to use its commercially reasonable efforts to placeShares hereunder shall additionally be conditioned upon the delivery to the Agent on or before the Issuance Notice Date of a certificate in form andsubstance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, executed by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Financial Officer of the Company, to theeffect that all conditions to the delivery of such Issuance Notice shall have been satisfied as at the date of such certificate (which certificate shall not berequired if the foregoing representations shall be set forth in the Issuance Notice or the certificate described in Section 4(o)).
(c) No Misstatement or Material Omission. The Agent shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or theTime of Sale Information, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agent’s reasonable opinion ismaterial, or omits to state a fact that in the Agent’s reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make thestatements therein not misleading.
Section 6. Indemnification And Contribution
(a) Indemnification of the Agent. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agent, its officers and employees, and each person, ifany, who controls the Agent within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, asincurred, to which the Agent or such officer, employee or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, otherfederal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Shares have been offered or sold or at common lawor otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof ascontemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the RegistrationStatement, or any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, or theomission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or(ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Free Writing Prospectus that the Company has used, referred toor filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omissionor alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which theywere made, not misleading, and to reimburse the Agent and each such officer, employee and controlling person for any and all reasonable anddocumented expenses (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Agent) as such expenses arereasonably incurred by the Agent or such officer, employee or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising orpaying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss,claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement oromission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
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Company by the Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any such Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment orsupplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Agent to the Company consists of the informationset forth in subsection (b) below. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 6(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company mayotherwise have.
(b) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers. The Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of itsdirectors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of theSecurities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company or any such director, officeror controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws orregulations of foreign jurisdictions where Shares have been offered or sold or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation),insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a materialfact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430Bunder the Securities Act, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make thestatements therein not misleading; or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Free Writing Prospectusthat the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any amendmentor supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light ofthe circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; but, for each of (i) and (ii) above, only to the extent arising out of or based upon anyuntrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written informationfurnished to the Company by the Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any such Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or anyamendment or supplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Agent to the Company consists of theinformation set forth in the first sentence of the ninth paragraph under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus, and to reimburse theCompany and each such director, officer and controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of one counsel chosen bythe Company) as such expenses are reasonably incurred by the Company or such officer, director or controlling person in connection with investigating,defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action. The indemnity agreement set forth in thisSection 6(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Agent or the Company may otherwise have.
(c) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 6 of notice of thecommencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 6,notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from anyliability which it may have to any indemnified party for contribution or otherwise than under the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6 or tothe extent it is not prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and suchindemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to theextent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly afterreceiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnifiedparty; provided, however, if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified partyshall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting thedefense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional tothose available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to assume such legal defensesand to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifyingparty to such indemnified party of such indemnifying party’s election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party ofcounsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 6 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurredby such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordancewith the proviso to the preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses ofmore than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action), which counsel(together with any local counsel) for the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Agent (in the case of counsel for the
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indemnified parties referred to in Section 6(a) above) or the Company (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 6(b)above), (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified partywithin a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the indemnifying party has authorized in writing the employment of counselfor the indemnified party at the expense of the indemnifying party, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of theindemnifying party and shall be paid as they are incurred.
(d) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 6 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its writtenconsent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified partyagainst any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time anindemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated bySection 6(c) hereof, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if(i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request; and (ii) such indemnifying partyshall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall,without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending orthreatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have beensought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified partyfrom all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding.
(e) Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 6 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to holdharmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shallcontribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities orexpenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and theAgent, on the other hand, from the offering of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement; or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is notpermitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also therelative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in suchlosses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, onthe one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in thesame respective proportions as the total gross proceeds from the offering of the Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to thetotal Selling Commission received by the Agent. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, shall bedetermined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omissionto state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Agent, on the other hand, and the parties’ relative intent,knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed toinclude, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6(c), any reasonable and documented legal or other fees or expenses incurred by such party inconnection with investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in Section 6(c) with respect to notice of commencement of anyaction shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 6(e); provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required withrespect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 6(c) for purposes of indemnification.
The Company and the Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6(e) were determined by pro rataallocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 6(e).
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6(e), the Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the agent fees receivedby the Agent in connection with the offering contemplated hereby. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f)of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of
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this Section 6(e), each officer and employee of the Agent and each person, if any, who controls the Agent within the meaning of the Securities Act or theExchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Agent, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed theRegistration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall havethe same rights to contribution as the Company.
Section 7. Termination & Survival
(a) Term. Subject to the provisions of this Section 7, the term of this Agreement shall continue from the date of this Agreement until the end of theAgency Period, unless earlier terminated by the parties to this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.
(b) Termination; Survival Following Termination. (i) Either party may terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the Agency Period, by givingwritten notice as required by this Agreement, upon three (3) Trading Days’ notice to the other party; provided that, (A) if the Company terminates thisAgreement after the Agent confirms to the Company any sale of Shares, the Company shall remain obligated to comply with Section 3(b)(v) withrespect to such Shares and (B) Section 2, Section 6, Section 7 and Section 8 shall survive termination of this Agreement. If termination shall occur priorto the Settlement Date for any sale of Shares, such sale shall nevertheless settle in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. (ii) In addition to thesurvival provision of Section 7(b)(i), the respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of itsofficers and of the Agent set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by oron behalf of the Agent or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and, anythingherein to the contrary notwithstanding, will survive delivery of and payment for the Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement,provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to the Agent for any discount,commission or other compensation with respect to any Shares not sold by the Agent under this Agreement prior to such termination.
Section 8. Miscellaneous
(a) Press Releases and Disclosure. The Company may issue a press release describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated herebyas soon as practicable following the date of this Agreement, and may file with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K, with this Agreementattached as an exhibit thereto, describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Company shall consult with the Agent priorto making such disclosures, and the parties hereto shall use all commercially reasonable efforts, acting in good faith, to agree upon a text for suchdisclosures that is reasonably satisfactory to all parties hereto. No party hereto shall issue thereafter any press release or like public statement (including,without limitation, any disclosure required in reports filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act) related to this Agreement or any of thetransactions contemplated hereby without the prior written approval of the other party hereto, except as may be necessary or appropriate in thereasonable opinion of the party seeking to make disclosure to comply with the requirements of applicable law or stock exchange rules and except for thedisclosure required pursuant to Section 4(a) of this Agreement in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or annual reports on Form 10-K. If anysuch press release or like public statement is so required, the party making such disclosure shall consult with the other party prior to making suchdisclosure, and the parties shall use all commercially reasonable efforts, acting in good faith, to agree upon a text for such disclosure that is reasonablysatisfactory to all parties hereto.
(b) No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,including the determination of any fees, are arm’s-length commercial transactions between the Company and the Agent, (ii) when acting as a principalunder this Agreement, the Agent is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, or its stockholders,creditors, employees or any other party, (iii) the Agent has not assumed nor will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Companywith respect to the transactions contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether the Agent has advised or is currentlyadvising the Company on other matters) and the Agent does not have any obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplatedhereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (iv) the Agent and its affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions thatinvolve interests that differ from those of the Company, and (v) the Agent has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respectto the transactions contemplated hereby and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemedappropriate.
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(c) Research Analyst Independence. The Company acknowledges that the Agent’s research analysts and research departments are required to andshould be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and as such theAgent’s research analysts may hold views and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to theCompany or the offering that differ from the views of their respective investment banking divisions. The Company understands that the Agent is a fullservice securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account ofits customers and hold long or short positions in debt or equity securities of the companies that may be the subject of the transactions contemplated bythis Agreement.
(d) Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the partieshereto as follows:
If to the Agent:
Jefferies LLC520 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022Facsimile: (646) 619-4437Attention: General Counsel
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP450 Lexington AvenueNew York, NY 10017Attention: Joseph A. HallFacsimile: (212) 450-4565
If to the Company:
MicroStrategy Incorporated1850 Towers Crescent PlazaTysons Corner, VA 22182Attention: General Counsel
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP60 State StreetBoston, Massachusetts 02109Facsimile: (617) 526-5000Attention: Thomas S. Ward
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others in accordance with thisSection 8(d).
(e) Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the employees, officersand directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 6, and in each case their respective successors, and no other person will have any right orobligation hereunder. The term “successors” shall not include any purchaser of the Shares as such from the Agent merely by reason of such purchase.
(f) Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any Article, Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affectthe validity or enforceability of any other Article, Section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Article, Section, paragraph or provision of thisAgreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minorchanges) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
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(g) Governing Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New Yorkapplicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or thetransactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the Borough of Manhattan in the Cityof New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York (collectively, the“Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of ajudgment of any such court, as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process,summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceedingbrought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceedingin the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or otherproceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
(h) General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oraland all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executedin two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the sameinstrument, and may be delivered by facsimile transmission or by electronic delivery of a portable document format (PDF) file. This Agreement may notbe amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived inwriting by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The Article and Section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only andshall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
[Signature Page Immediately Follows]
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof,whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Phong Le Name: Phong Le Title: President and Chief Financial Officer
The foregoing Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Agent in New York, New York as of the date first above written.
JEFFERIES LLC
By: /s/ Michael Magarro Name: Michael Magarro Title: Managing Director
EXHIBIT A
ISSUANCE NOTICE
[Date]
Jefferies LLC520 Madison Avenue New York,New York 10022
Attn: [ ]
Reference is made to the Open Market Sale AgreementSM between MicroStrategy Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), andJefferies LLC (the “Agent”) dated as of , 2021. The Company confirms that all conditions to the delivery of this Issuance Notice are satisfiedas of the date hereof.
Date of Delivery of Issuance Notice (determined pursuant to Section 3(b)(i)): Issuance Amount (equal to the total Sales Price for such Shares): $
Number of days in selling period:
First date of selling period:
Last date of selling period:
Settlement Date(s) if other than standard T+2 settlement:
Floor Price Limitation (in no event less than $1.00 without the prior written consent of the Agent, which consent may be withheld in the Agent’ssole discretion): $ per share Comments:
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
By: Name: Title:
A-1
Schedule A
Notice Parties
The Company
MicroStrategy Incorporated1850 Towers Crescent PlazaTysons Corner, VA 22182Attention: General Counsel
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP60 State StreetBoston, MassachusettsAttention: Thomas S. Ward
The Agent
Jefferies LLC520 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022Attention: Michael MagarroManaging Director, ATM Desk
A-2
Form of Officer’s Certificate Pursuant to Section 4(o)
The undersigned, the duly qualified and elected [•] of MicroStrategy Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certifyin such capacity and on behalf of the Company, pursuant to Section 4(o) of the Open Market Sale AgreementSM, dated June 14, 2021, between theCompany and Jefferies LLC (the “Sale Agreement”), that to the knowledge of the undersigned:
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in Section 2 of the Sale Agreement are true and correct on and as of the date hereof withthe same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof; provided, however that such representations and warranties are qualified bythe disclosure included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including any documents incorporated by referencetherein and any supplements thereto); and
(ii) The Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied pursuant to the SaleAgreement at or prior to the date hereof.
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati PC and Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP are entitled to rely on thiscertificate in connection with the respective opinions such firms are rendering pursuant to the Sale Agreement.
Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sale Agreement.
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
By: Name: Title:
Date: [•]
Exhibit 5.1
June 14, 2021
MicroStrategy Incorporated1850 Towers Crescent PlazaTysons Corner, Virginia 22182 Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This opinion is furnished to you in connection with a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed byMicroStrategy Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under theSecurities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for the registration of class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share of the Company(“Common Stock”), which may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act at anindeterminate aggregate offering price, as set forth in the Registration Statement, the base prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”) and anyamendments or supplements thereto.
We are acting as counsel for the Company in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement. We are also acting as counsel for theCompany in connection with the sales agreement prospectus included in the Registration Statement (the “Sale Agreement Prospectus”) relating to theissuance and sale of shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000 (the “Sale Agreement Shares”) under an OpenMarket Sale Agreement, dated June 14, 2021, between the Company and Jefferies LLC (the “Sale Agreement”).
We have examined and relied upon signed copies of the Registration Statement to be filed with the Commission, including the exhibits thereto. Wehave also examined and relied upon the Sale Agreement, the Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (as amended or restated fromtime to time, the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (as amended or restated from time to time, the“Bylaws”) and minutes of meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors of the Company including duly authorized committees thereof asprovided to us by the Company.
In our examination of the foregoing documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all signatories, theauthenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, theauthenticity of such original documents and the completeness and accuracy of the corporate minute books of the Company.
We have relied as to certain matters on information obtained from public officials and officers of the Company, and we have assumed (i) theRegistration Statement will be effective and will comply with all applicable laws at the time the Common Stock is offered or issued as
contemplated by the Registration Statement; (ii) other than for the Sale Agreement shares, one or more prospectus supplements will have been preparedand filed with the Commission describing the Common Stock offered thereby; (iii) all Common Stock will be issued and sold in compliance withapplicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Sale Agreement Prospectus andany applicable prospectus supplement; (iv) other than for the Sale Agreement shares, a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement withrespect to any Common Stock offered will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by all parties thereto other than the Company; (v) there will besufficient shares of Common Stock authorized under the Certificate of Incorporation and not otherwise reserved for issuance; (vi) if issued in certificatedform, valid book-entry notations for the issuance of the Common Stock will have been duly made in the share register of the Company; and (vii) at thetime of the issuance and sale of the Common Stock, the Company will be validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws of theState of Delaware.
We express no opinion herein as to the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We alsoexpress no opinion herein with respect to compliance by the Company with the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state or other jurisdiction of theUnited States or of any foreign jurisdiction. We also express no opinion and make no statement herein with respect to the antifraud laws of anyjurisdiction.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:
1. With respect to the shares of Common Stock (other than the Sale Agreement Shares), when (i) specifically authorized for issuance by properaction of the Board of Directors of the Company or an authorized committee thereof (the “Authorizing Resolutions”), (ii) the terms of the issuance andsale of such shares of Common Stock have been duly established in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and the AuthorizingResolutions, (iii) such shares of Common Stock have been issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and anyapplicable Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the applicable underwriting or other purchase agreement against payment therefor, and (iv) theCompany has received the consideration provided for in the Authorizing Resolutions and the applicable underwriting agreement or other purchaseagreement and such consideration per share is not less than the par value per share of the Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validlyissued, fully paid and non-assessable.
2. With respect to the Sale Agreement Shares, such Sales Agreement Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and, when the SaleAgreement Shares have been issued and paid for in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Sale Agreement, the Sale Agreement Shares will bevalidly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters. Thisopinion is based upon currently existing statutes, rules, regulations and judicial decisions, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of any change inany of these sources of law or subsequent legal or factual developments which might affect any matters or opinions set forth herein.
-2-
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement in accordance with therequirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and to the use of our name therein and in the related Prospectus and in anyprospectus supplement under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whoseconsent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.
Very truly yours,
WILMER CUTLER PICKERINGHALE AND DORR LLP By: /s/ Thomas S. Ward
Thomas S. Ward, a Partner
-3-
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the use of our reports dated February 12, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule ofMicroStrategy Incorporated, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, incorporated herein by reference and to the reference toour firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
The report on the consolidated financial statements refers to a change in the accounting for leases.
/s/ KPMG LLP
McLean, VirginiaJune 14, 2021
