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M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R B I O L O G Y
Series EditorJohn M. Walker
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hertfordshire
Hat fi eld, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress III
Edited by
Donald ArmstrongUniversity of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic)ISBN 978-1-4939-1440-1 ISBN 978-1-4939-1441-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945207
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Cover Illustration : Color map representing the dissimilarity of chromatographic profi les, obtained for 13 different validation samples containing Passifl ora incarnata in pharmaceutical preparations. Each preparation consists of a mixture of pharmaceutical and/or herbal ingredients. A low dissimilarity (high similarity) is represented by a blue color, while a high dissimilarity (low similarity) is represented by a red color.
Printed on acid-free paper
Humana Press is a brand of SpringerSpringer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Editor Donald Armstrong University of Florida Gainsville , FL , USA
v
I started as an editor in 1996 to publish books for Humana Press that emphasized methods and protocols related to free radicals pathology and antioxidants protection that was launched in the fi rst featured volume (number 108) that appeared in 1998. This was fol-lowed by volumes 186 and 196 in 2002, which, at that time, completed the fi rst three books on oxidative stress. In 2007, I was guest editor for a special issue, volume 37, on a Free Radicals in Biosystems symposium also published by Humana Press in the journal of Molecular Biotechnology . In 2009, I edited volumes 579 and 580 on Lipidomics: Methods and Protocols and coauthored volume 1028 in 2013 on Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology . More books are under consideration. Our expectation is to publish additional high-quality and useful protocols. I hope those will be available by 2015/2016 to complete the basic scientifi c desk reference.
In 2008, a new collection of volumes was approved; the fi rst being called Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress I (volume 477) and 2 years later in 2010 was Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress II , volume 594. The proliferation of information in search engines make it possible to review meaningful information relative to methods approxi-mately every 2–3 years. Data currently shows no change since 2000 in the antioxidant-to-oxidative stress ratio as a percentage of total citations and has remained constant in this subheading category:
Total citations AOX–OS/ratio
2000—Oxidative stress and free radicals = 2,873 24 % Antioxidants = 903
2008—Oxidative stress and free radicals = 15,938 24 % Antioxidants = 5,109
2010—Oxidative stress and free radicals = 25,975 22 % Antioxidants = 7, 283
2013—Oxidative stress and free radicals = 29,076 22 % Antioxidants = 8,001
This analysis indicates that, even though the free radical biomarkers showed a substan-tial increase over the last 3 years, the antioxidant number has remained relatively constant since 2000, which is our reference point, meaning that antioxidant capacity biomarkers should be the next target for new research to keep pace and balance.
The present book is the latest venture under the advanced heading. It has 31 chapters and covers technology ranging from a portable hand-held detector for remote analysis of antioxidant capacity to sophisticated technology such as shotgun lipidomics, mitochondrial imaging, nanosensors, fl uorescent probes, chromatographic fi ngerprints, computational models, and biostatistical applications. Several chapters have shown the effect of
Pref ace
vi
pro- oxidation and antioxidants as infl ammatory mediators in signaling pathways leading from the initial stimulus to termination through redox cycles. Such books save the investi-gator signifi cant time and effort allowing them to focus on their topic of interest. The overall series has 266 cutting-edge technologies to select from at the present time.
I acknowledge Dennis Armstrong who assisted me with organization, computeriza-tion, and updated technology, the in-house editors, and numerous colleagues who encour-aged me to develop and expand the series.
Gainsville, FL, USA Donald Armstrong
Preface
vii
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
PART I REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN TECHNIQUES
1 Derivatization and Detection of Small Aliphatic and Lipid- Bound Carbonylated Lipid Peroxidation Products by ESI-MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ivana Milic and Maria Fedorova
2 Specific Imaging and Tracking of Mitochondria in Live Cells by a Photostable AIE Luminogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Chris W. T. Leung, Yuning Hong, and Ben Zhong Tang
3 Analysis of Relationship Between Oxidized Phospholipid Structure and Interaction with the Class B Scavenger Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Detao Gao, Lawrence M. Sayre, and Eugene A. Podrez
4 A Novel Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Malondialdehyde from Oxidized DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Takayuki Shibamoto
5 Nitric Oxide Availability as a Marker of Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Dan Pierini and Nathan S. Bryan
6 Quantification of DNA Repair Capacity Towards Oxidatively Damaged DNA in Subcellular and Cellular Systems by a Nonradioactive Cleavage Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Ingrit Hamann and Andrea Hartwig
7 Chiral Phase-HPLC Separation of Hydroperoxyoctadecenoic Acids and Their Biosynthesis by Fatty Acid Dioxygenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Ernst H. Oliw and Anneli Wennman
8 Selenium as a Versatile Center in Fluorescence Probe for the Redox Cycle Between HClO Oxidative Stress and H2S Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Zhangrong Lou, Peng Li, and Keli Han
9 Evaluation of Physical Integrity of Lipid Bilayer Under Oxidative Stress: Application of Fluorescence Microscopy and Digital Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Ran Liang, Jian-Ping Zhang, and Leif H. Skibsted
10 Electrochemical Detection of Glutathione S-Transferase: An Important Enzyme in the Cell Protective Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Manuel C. Martos-Maldonado, Juan M. Casas-Solvas, Antonio Vargas- Berenguel, and Luis García-Fuentes
11 Using Nanosensors for In Situ Monitoring and Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in a Single Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Tadeusz Malinski
Contents
viii
PART II ANTIOXIDANT TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION
12 Curcuma longa Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 H. A. Abu-Rizq, Mohamed H. Mansour, and Mohammad Afzal
13 Prolongation of the Lag Time Preceding Peroxidation of Serum Lipids: A Measure of Antioxidant Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Ilya Pinchuk and Dov Lichtenberg
14 Identification of (Antioxidative) Plants in Herbal Pharmaceutical Preparations and Dietary Supplements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Eric Deconinck, Deborah Custers, and Jacques Omer De Beer
15 Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Aminothiols, and Methionine in Biological Matrices Using Ion-Pairing RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Muhammad Imran Khan, Zafar Iqbal, and Abad Khan
16 Portable Nanoparticle Based Sensors for Antioxidant Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Erica Sharpe and Silvana Andreescu
17 Fe3+–Fe2+ Transformation Method: An Important Antioxidant Assay . . . . . . . . 233 İlhami Gülçin
18 Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Involving Hemoglobin- Related Free Radical Reactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Augustin C. Mot, Cristina Bischin, Grigore Damian, and Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
19 Computational Studies on Conformation, Electron Density Distributions, and Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanidins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Ricardo A. Mosquera, Laura Estévez, and Mercedes García-Bugarín
20 Automatic Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Determination of Total Reducing Capacity in Serum and Urine Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Marcela A. Segundo, Ildikó V. Tóth, Luís M. Magalhães, and Salette Reis
21 Mass Spectrometry Detection of Isolevuglandin Adduction to Specific Protein Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Casey D. Charvet and Irina A. Pikuleva
22 Preoxiredoxin Family Members (Prx3 and Prx4) and Pregnancy Disorder (Recurrent Pregnancy Loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
23 Substituted Pyridoindoles as Biological Antioxidants: Drug Design, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Lucia Kovacikova, Magdalena Majekova, and Milan Stefek
24 Measuring Antioxidant and Prooxidant Capacity Using the Crocin Bleaching Assay (CBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Stella A. Ordoudi and Maria Z. Tsimidou
25 Simultaneous Determination of the Endogenous Free α-Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoic Acid in Human Plasma and Erythrocytes by RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Muhammad Imran Khan, Zafar Iqbal, and Abad Khan
Contents
ix
26 Aryl-Acetic and Cinnamic Acids as Lipoxygenase Inhibitors with Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina and Eleni Pontiki
27 Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of N-β-Methylamino-L-alanine with 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 W. Broc Glover, Steven A. Cohen, and Susan J. Murch
PART III GENE EXPRESSION
28 Intracellular Distribution of Glutathionylated Proteins in Cultured Dermal Fibroblasts by Immunofluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Stefania Petrini, Valentina D’Oria, and Fiorella Piemonte
29 New Analytical Strategies Applied to the Determination of Coenzyme Q10 in Biological Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Mario Contin, Sabrina Flor, Manuela Martinefski, Silvia Lucangioli, and Valeria Tripodi
30 Binding and Cytotoxic Trafficking of Cholesterol Hydroperoxides by Sterol Carrier Protein-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Albert W. Girotti and Tamas Kriska
PART IV BIOSTATISTICS
31 A Toolkit for Clinical Statisticians to Fix Problems Based on Biomarker Measurements Subject to Instrumental Limitations: From Repeated Measurement Techniques to a Hybrid Pooled–Unpooled Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Albert Vexler, Ge Tao, and Xiwei Chen
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Contents
xi
H. A. ABU-RIZQ • Aridland Agricultural Production Program (AAPP), Environment and Life Sciences Centre , Kuwait Institute for Scientifi c Research (KISR) , Safat , Kuwait
MOHAMMAD AFZAL • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science , Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
SILVANA ANDREESCU • Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , NY , USA
CRISTINA BISCHIN • Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes- Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
NATHAN S. BRYAN • Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
JUAN M. CASAS-SOLVAS • Department of Chemistry and Physics , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
CASEY D. CHARVET • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
XIWEI CHEN • Department of Biostatistics , New York State University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
STEVEN A. COHEN • Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Kelowna , BC , Canada
MARIO CONTIN • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
DEBORAH CUSTERS • Division of Food, Medicines, and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products , Scientifi c Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
VALENTINA D’ORIA • Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Pediatric Hospital IRCCS , Rome , Italy
GRIGORE DAMIAN • Department of Physics , Babes- Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania ERIC DECONINCK • Division of Food, Medicines, and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal
Products , Scientifi c Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium LAURA ESTÉVEZ • Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Vigo , Spain MARIA FEDOROVA • Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Universität Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
SABRINA FLOR • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
DETAO GAO • Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
MERCEDES GARCÍA-BUGARÍN • Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Vigo , Vigo , Spain
LUIS GARCÍA-FUENTES • Department of Chemistry and Physics , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
Contributors
xii
BEHROUZ GHARESI-FARD • Immunology Department , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Fars , Iran
ALBERT W. GIROTTI • Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
W. BROC GLOVER • Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Kelowna , BC , Canada
İLHAMI GÜLÇIN • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey ; Department Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
DIMITRA HADJIPAVLOU-LITINA • Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
INGRIT HAMANN • Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
KELI HAN • Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, Liaoning , China
ANDREA HARTWIG • Institute of Applied Biosciences, Food Chemistry and Toxicology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
YUNING HONG • Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
ZAFAR IQBAL • Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan ABAD KHAN • Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan ;
Department of Pharmacy , University of Swabi , Swabi , Pakistan MUHAMMAD IMRAN KHAN • Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar ,
Pakistan ; Department of Pharmacy , Women Institute of Learning , Abbottabad , Pakistan LUCIA KOVACIKOVA • Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology ,
Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia TAMAS KRISKA • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Medical College of Wisconsin ,
Milwaukee , WI , USA CHRIS W. T. LEUNG • Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China PENG LI • Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences ,
Dalian, Liaoning , China RAN LIANG • Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China DOV LICHTENBERG • Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine ,
Tel Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel ZHANGRONG LOU • Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences ,
Dalian, Liaoning , China SILVIA LUCANGIOLI • Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
Biochemistry , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientifi cas y Tecnológicas, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
LUÍS M. MAGALHÃES • REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
MAGDALENA MAJEKOVA • Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
TADEUSZ MALINSKI • Department of Chemistry & Nanomedical Research Laboratories , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
Contributors
xiii
MOHAMED H. MANSOUR • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science , Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
MANUELA MARTINEFSKI • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
MANUEL C. MARTOS-MALDONADO • Department of Chemistry and Physics , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
IVANA MILIC • Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Universität Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
RICARDO A. MOSQUERA • Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Vigo , Spain
AUGUSTIN C. MOT • Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes- Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
SUSAN J. MURCH • Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Kelowna , BC , Canada
ERNST H. OLIW • Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala Biomedical Center , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
JACQUES OMER DE BEER • Division of Food, Medicines, and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products , Scientifi c Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
STELLA A. ORDOUDI • Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
STEFANIA PETRINI • Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Pediatric Hospital IRCCS , Rome , Italy
FIORELLA PIEMONTE • Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Pediatric Hospital IRCCS , Rome , Italy
DAN PIERINI • Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
IRINA A. PIKULEVA • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
ILYA PINCHUK • Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel
EUGENE A. PODREZ • Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
ELENI PONTIKI • Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
SALETTE REIS • REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
LAWRENCE M. SAYRE • Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
MARCELA A. SEGUNDO • REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
ERICA SHARPE • Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , NY , USA
TAKAYUKI SHIBAMOTO • Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
RADU SILAGHI-DUMITRESCU • Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
Contributors
xiv
LEIF H. SKIBSTED • Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
MILAN STEFEK • Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
GE TAO • Department of Biostatistics , New York State University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
ILDIKÓ V. TÓTH • REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
VALERIA TRIPODI • Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientifi cas y Tecnológicas, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
MARIA Z. TSIMIDOU • Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
ANTONIO VARGAS-BERENGUEL • Department of Chemistry and Physics , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
ALBERT VEXLER • Department of Biostatistics , New York State University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
ANNELI WENNMAN • Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala Biomedical Center , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
JIAN-PING ZHANG • Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China BEN ZHONG TANG • Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China ; Institute for Advanced Study , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China ; Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China ; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
Contributors