M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Plagiarism: Academic Thievery M. Abbadessa Fall '08 What is Plagiarism? The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin plagiarius which means kidnapper. According to Alexander Lindey and his book Plagiarism and Originality, plagiarism refers to a type of academic or professional cheating that contains the false assumption of authorship; the wrongful act of taking the product of another persons mind and presenting it as ones own [1] [1] This will be cited in a page at the end of the document. I am modeling proper MLA citations here; however, this document will not follow all of the rules for MLA citations as it is not a formal research paper. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Even if you paraphrase someone elses words, you are still obligated to internally document the source and create an entry in a Works Cited page at the end of your essay/paper. i.e. (Smith 76). i.e. (Smith 76). M. Abbadessa Fall '08 What types of Plagiarism exist? M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Unintentional Occurs when a student is not familiar, or rather, does not find out the necessary information she needs to properly cite a source. Occurs when a student is not familiar, or rather, does not find out the necessary information she needs to properly cite a source. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Refers to a student who thinks she is paraphrasing but is actually using language, phrases that are identical to the source, perhaps just in a different order, structure, etc. Refers to a student who thinks she is paraphrasing but is actually using language, phrases that are identical to the source, perhaps just in a different order, structure, etc. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Can be a case of a student forgetting to put a parenthetical citation in the paper or in the Works Cited page. Can be a case of a student forgetting to put a parenthetical citation in the paper or in the Works Cited page. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Intentional Downloading or buying papers from an online paper mill like, planetpapers.com, pinkmonkey.com, 123papers.com etc. Downloading or buying papers from an online paper mill like, planetpapers.com, pinkmonkey.com, 123papers.com etc. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Copying and pasting certain excerpts from other papers or sources like Sparknotes, Wikipedia, or even reputable sources etc. Copying and pasting certain excerpts from other papers or sources like Sparknotes, Wikipedia, or even reputable sources etc. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Handing in another students paper or parts of one Handing in another students paper or parts of one M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Submitting ones own paper completed as an assignment in a different class Submitting ones own paper completed as an assignment in a different class M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Any other forms of plagiarism I can be held accountable for? padding the bibliography- this occurs when a source is listed in the Works Cited but is NOT use in parenthetical citations throughout the paper padding the bibliography- this occurs when a source is listed in the Works Cited but is NOT use in parenthetical citations throughout the paper M. Abbadessa Fall '08 the opposite of the above- a source is used in parenthetical citations throughout the paper but is NOT listed in the Works Cited page the opposite of the above- a source is used in parenthetical citations throughout the paper but is NOT listed in the Works Cited page M. Abbadessa Fall '08 failing to paraphrase correctly- failing to paraphrase correctly- some students think that if they change a few words or change the order of words, their work is paraphrased. This is NOT correct. This is NOT correct. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 In order to paraphrase successfully, you should: read the excerpt or sentence from a source that you want to use in your paper read the excerpt or sentence from a source that you want to use in your paper then walk away from it, take a piece of paper and write down what you remember about that piece of information, what you think it means. then walk away from it, take a piece of paper and write down what you remember about that piece of information, what you think it means. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Then, you should revise that to sound formal and clear. Then, you should revise that to sound formal and clear. Next, you should double check with the original source to make sure you have not used the same specific language, words or phrases that the original author uses. Next, you should double check with the original source to make sure you have not used the same specific language, words or phrases that the original author uses. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Lets Practice!!! Original Sentence from a source: Original Sentence from a source: The task of writing the book of love was ceded to playwrights, poets, and pulp novelists. Incorrect paraphrase in student paper: Incorrect paraphrase in student paper: The task of writing about love was ceded to playwrights, pulp novelists, and poets (Gray 948). M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Whats wrong with this paraphrase? Incorrect paraphrase in student paper: Incorrect paraphrase in student paper: The task of writing about love was ceded to playwrights, pulp novelists, and poets (Gray 948). Answer: The student uses exact wording like ceded and playwrights, pulp novelists, and poets from the source. Exact wording needs to be quoted directly. Original Sentence from a source: Original Sentence from a source: The task of writing the book of love was ceded to playwrights, poets, and pulp novelists. Correct paraphrase in student paper: Correct paraphrase in student paper: The task of writing the book of love was turned over to people who wrote poems, novels, and plays for a living (Gray 948). M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Other forms of plagiarism cont neglecting to cite a paraphrase- even if you have successfully paraphrased information, you must still cite it! You do not need quotation marks around a paraphrase, but you DO NEED a parenthetical citation. Remember: a you may have used your own words, but the ideas are not your own! neglecting to cite a paraphrase- even if you have successfully paraphrased information, you must still cite it! You do not need quotation marks around a paraphrase, but you DO NEED a parenthetical citation. Remember: a you may have used your own words, but the ideas are not your own! M. Abbadessa Fall '08 What are the consequences of Plagiarism? An F on a writing assignment A zero on a writing assignment A zero for an entire course Being reported to the principal or Dean of Students (true at LCCC, true at Villanova) A blemish on your academic record Professionally, legal measures might be taken M. Abbadessa Fall '08 How does one avoid Plagiarizing? Take thorough and accurate notes during research Take thorough and accurate notes during research Budget time throughout the research and planning of the paper; take the time to do the work, so that the paper is not thrown together at the last minute. You need to SHOW your process!!!! Budget time throughout the research and planning of the paper; take the time to do the work, so that the paper is not thrown together at the last minute. You need to SHOW your process!!!! M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Keep a running list of sources with all appropriate information Keep a running list of sources with all appropriate information Be aware of the rules for MLA (or other kinds of documentation format like APA, Chicago, Style etc.) Be aware of the rules for MLA (or other kinds of documentation format like APA, Chicago, Style etc.) M. Abbadessa Fall '08 How can one integrate source information into the text of a paper? Summary- a general statement; the overall main idea of an article or other secondary or primary source (i.e. interview); can be one statement highlighting the main idea of an entire passage, chapter, or book. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Direct Quotation- the exact words or phrases from a source; a student uses this for exemplary statements or language in a primary or secondary source; a student uses this when paraphrasing information would deflate the emphasis or change the meaning if only slightly. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Paraphrase- a more specific summary; a few sentences or lines of a source translated into the students own words Tagging your Information P. 398 in PHR Using Signal Words to Integrate Source Information Explain how the source material is connected to the rest of the paragraph Explain how the source material is connected to the rest of the paragraph Use the name of the source and credentials Use the name of the source and credentials Use power verbs- The author asserts that (always in present tense!) Use power verbs- The author asserts that (always in present tense!) Cited from Harris, Muriel. Ed. Prentice Hall Reference Guide. LCCC Custom Edition. New York: Pearson, pp M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Limit the use of quotations Limit the use of quotations See blue box on p.400 of PHR for signal words See blue box on p.400 of PHR for signal words M. Abbadessa Fall '08 How Do I Cite the Information using MLA? The following website is a valuable resource- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, specifically, its MLA Citation page:ts/mla.html The following website is a valuable resource- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, specifically, its MLA Citation page:ts/mla.htmlts/mla.htmlts/mla.html Also refer to the MLA guide in the RIC Also refer to the MLA guide in the RIC Your Student Planner contains information too! Your Student Planner contains information too! M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Some examples! Same Last Name: When using two authors with the same last name, you must indicate the initial of their first name in the parentheses: (B. Smith 170). Same Last Name: When using two authors with the same last name, you must indicate the initial of their first name in the parentheses: (B. Smith 170). Taken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 No Author: If you are given no author at all, choose a word from the title of the source to use in the parentheses and underline or punctuate it appropriately: ("Toward" 170), for an article, for instance. No Author: If you are given no author at all, choose a word from the title of the source to use in the parentheses and underline or punctuate it appropriately: ("Toward" 170), for an article, for instance. Taken fromTaken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Same Author, Multiple Works: When using more than one work by the same author, the author's name must be followed by a comma and accompanied by a word from the title of the source you are referring to: (Smith, "Toward" 170). Same Author, Multiple Works: When using more than one work by the same author, the author's name must be followed by a comma and accompanied by a word from the title of the source you are referring to: (Smith, "Toward" 170). Taken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Web Sources: If you use electronic sources, you must work with whatever information is provided at the online site. When possible, use this format: (Author page#) or (Title page#). Web Sources: If you use electronic sources, you must work with whatever information is provided at the online site. When possible, use this format: (Author page#) or (Title page#). If no page numbers are provided, use paragraph, section, or screen numbers instead and include the standard abbreviation, if there is one: (Author, sec. #) or (Title, screen #). Remember to include a comma when using abbreviations in parenthetical citations. If no page numbers are provided, use paragraph, section, or screen numbers instead and include the standard abbreviation, if there is one: (Author, sec. #) or (Title, screen #). Remember to include a comma when using abbreviations in parenthetical citations. Taken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 What needs to be cited? You need to document: You need to document: Direct quotes, both entire sentences and phrases Direct quotes, both entire sentences and phrases Paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material) Paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material) Words specific or unique to the author's research, theories, or ideas Words specific or unique to the author's research, theories, or ideas Use of an author's argument or line of thinking Use of an author's argument or line of thinking Historical, statistical, or scientific facts Historical, statistical, or scientific facts Articles or studies you refer to within your text Articles or studies you refer to within your text Taken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 You do not need to document: You do not need to document: Proverbs, axioms, and sayings ("A stitch in time saves nine.") Proverbs, axioms, and sayings ("A stitch in time saves nine.") Well-known quotations ("The personal is political.") Well-known quotations ("The personal is political.") Common knowledge (Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, or oxygen has an atomic number of 8, or "The Starry Night" was painted by Vincent Van Gogh.) Common knowledge (Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, or oxygen has an atomic number of 8, or "The Starry Night" was painted by Vincent Van Gogh.) Taken from M. Abbadessa Fall '08 How Can we Prevent Plagiarism in our Classroom? Assign unique assignments with specific requirements. Assign unique assignments with specific requirements. Let students know that you are aware of plagiarism and the availability of sources on the internet. Let students know that you are aware of plagiarism and the availability of sources on the internet. Encourage them to take careful notes during the research process. Encourage them to take careful notes during the research process. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Require that an in-class, handwritten draft be completed and submitted with the other subsequent drafts and final draft (give them of a block to complete). Require that an in-class, handwritten draft be completed and submitted with the other subsequent drafts and final draft (give them of a block to complete). Require that they submit photocopies of all sources. Require that they submit photocopies of all sources. M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Hold a peer review session in class and provide a specific revision sheet so that all students know what questions to ask about sources etc Hold a peer review session in class and provide a specific revision sheet so that all students know what questions to ask about sources etc Alert students of the consequences of plagiarism i.e. failure on the assignment, a zero for the assignment, a failure for the trimester, or the entire class Alert students of the consequences of plagiarism i.e. failure on the assignment, a zero for the assignment, a failure for the trimester, or the entire class M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Model our own writing for the students and show them examples of plagiarized work and correctly cited work. (see also annotated sample student paper Model our own writing for the students and show them examples of plagiarized work and correctly cited work. (see also annotated sample student paper M. Abbadessa Fall '08 References Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th Edition. New York, New York: MLA, New York, New York: MLA, MLA CITATION. November http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/mla.html Smith, Barbara. "Toward a Black Feminist Criticism." The New Feminist Smith, Barbara. "Toward a Black Feminist Criticism." The New Feminist Criticism:Essays on Women, Literature and Theory. Ed. Elaine Criticism:Essays on Women, Literature and Theory. Ed. Elaine Showalter. New York: Pantheon Books, Showalter. New York: Pantheon Books, Student Writing Models. Write Source. Houghton Mifflin Co. Student Writing Models. Write Source. Houghton Mifflin Co November November http://www.thewritesource.com/models.htm M. Abbadessa Fall '08 Sample on p. 448 PHR Sample on p. 448 PHR p.378 in PHR Plagiarism p.378 in PHR Plagiarism M. Abbadessa Fall '08