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UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ̇ LW[m

2015

˙LW[l TÙPËp

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Kerala Reader - Tamil (AT)

Standard VIII

Prepared byState Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, KeralaWebsite: www.scertkerala.gov.ine-mail: scertkerala@asianetindia.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax: 0471 - 2341869First Edition: 2015Type setting: SCERT Computer Lab

© Government of Kerala • Department of Education

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˘N±‹ ˘Tt\ TÙPpLs, CXd°Vd Lh”˚WLs, LÆ˚RLs,

A˚]j˚RŸm YÙ£ŸeLs, G›’eLs, £kߟeLs, Y[⁄eLs!

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CVdœSo,

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ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm.

State Council of Educational Research and Training(SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012.

Academic Co-ordinatorDr. Sahaya Dhas D, Research Officer, SCERT.

Textbook Development CommitteeTamil - VIII (AT)

MembersAlbert Iruthayaraj. , HSA, GHSS, Muthalamada, Palakkad.Allipathumma. K, HSA, GHSS, Chunduvarai, Idukki.Bindu. , HSA, GHSThenari, Palakkad.Buvaneshwari. , HSA, GHSS, Marayoor, Idukki.Dominic Savio. J, HSA, SFXVHSS, Parisakkal, Palakkad.Dr. Jayalakshmi. S, HSA, GHSS, Devikulam, Idukki.Dr. Santhoshkumar. G, HSA, BRC Trainer, Thiruvananthapuram.Glory Jesseela. , HSA, Little flower HS, Munnar, Idukki.Kamaludeen. , HSA, GHSS, Muthalamada, Palakkad.Srinivasan. , HSA, KKMHSS, Vandithavalam, Palakkad.Varghese. , HSA, St.Sabastin HS, Cheenthalar, Idukki.Vijayalakshmi. , HSA, BRC Trainer, Varkala, Idukki.

ExpertsDr. Gomathy Nayagam. E, Guest Lr. University of Madras, Chennai.Dr. Karthikeyan. A, Prof., (Rtd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur.Dr. Nainar M, Reader., (Rtd.), University College, Thiruvananthapuram.Dr. Parasuraman. T, Prof., PILC, Pondichery.Dr. Rajaram. S, Prof.,(Rtd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur.Dr. Ratnasabapathy. P, Prof.(Rtd.), Chennai.Dr. Sethupandian. T, Prof., (Rtd.), M.K.University, Madurai.Dr. Veerappan. P, Prof., (Rtd.), NCERT, Mysore.

ArtistsNandhakumar. C , Chittur, Palakkad.Radha Krishnan. P, Neyardam, TVM.Subin. M.S, Nedumangadu, TVM.

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7

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10

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11

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17

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18

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18

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20

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T—˚U AØ°\’.

C˚\Yu ˘LÙ”jR TÙ˚\ Gu‡m T¨˚N SÙm

˙TQ ˙Yi”m. C˚R AØdL SUdœ E¨˚U

°˚PVÙ’. CkR E¨˚U˚Vl TÙ’LÙdL AW—

TX NhPeL˚[ CVt±Ÿs[’. CkRf NhPeLs

T± ˙TÙLÙUp ApX’ T≠ B”L[ÙL UÙ\ÙUp

LÙlT’ Sm A˚]Y¨u LP˚UVÙœm.

˛ Tjߨ˚Lf ˘Nnß

C˚Rl˙TÙp ÆYNÙVjßtœ Cu±V˚UVÙR

œ[eLfim, TÙ˚\l ˘TÙ• T•Yß]Ùp AØk’

˘LÙi•⁄d°u\]. CkRf ˘NVpLs —tflf

„Zp TÙ’LÙl◊f NhPm 1986 CuT• NhP

Æ˙WÙRUÙœm.

22

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� AØk’ Y⁄m U˚XL˚[l TÙ’LÙdL øeLs ·flm T¨k’˚WL˚[d œ±lTÙL

G›’eLs.

� TÙ˚\-L˚[ E˚Pl-T-RÙp Ht-T-”m æ˚U-L-̊ [l- Tt-±f —t-flf-„-Zp TÙ’-LÙl◊ Aß-LÙ-

¨dœl ◊LÙo L•-Rm G›-’e-Ls.

� ""U˚X-Ls Sm YÙr-YÙ-RÙ-Wm'' Gu\ R˚Xl-©p L⁄j-R-WeLd Lh-”˚W G›-’e-Ls.

� Ee-L-fidœj ˘R¨kR £X U˚X-Ls œ±jR YW-XÙt-fl, ◊WÙ-Qf ˘Nn-ß-L-̊ [j ˘RÙœj’

G›-’e-Ls.

� TÙPl-T-œ-ß-́ p Y⁄m Æ˚]-̆ VfN, ˘TV-̆ WfNf ˘NÙt-L˚[j ßWh-”e-Ls.

Æ˚]ÿtfl

◊Y]Ù TÙh” G›ß]Ùs.

LiQu TÙh” G›ß ÿ•jRÙu.

®jVÙ G›ß] TÙh” Su\ÙL C⁄kR’.

CYtfls "G›ß]Ùs'. "G›ß', "G›ß]' Gu‡m ˘NÙtLs ˘RÙØ˚Xd œ±lTRÙp C˚Y

Æ˚]f˘NÙtLs Bœm. Cßp G›ß]Ùs GuT’ Æ˚]ÿ•k’ ®tœm ˘NÙp. G]˙Y C’

Æ˚]ÿtfl ApX’ ÿtflÆ˚] G]lT”m.

Æ˚]-̆ Vf-Nm, ̆ TV-̆ Wf-Nm

Æ˚]˘VfNm

G›ß ÿ•jRÙu Gu‡m ˘RÙP¨p G›ß Gu\ Æ˚] "ÿ•jRÙu' Gu‡m Ut˘\Ù⁄

Æ˚]˚Vd ˘LÙi” ÿ•°\’. B˚LVÙp C’ Æ˚]˘VfNm G]lT”m. Æ˚] Gg£

®tT’ Æ˚]˘VfNm.

GLÙ. SPk’ TÙ•

˙TÙn E˚Pk’

Li” T•j’

˘TV˘WfNm

AYu G›ßV TÙh” Gu‡m ˘RÙP¨p G›ßV Gu\ Æ˚] TÙh” Gu‡m ˘TV˚Wd

˘LÙi” ÿ•YRÙp

˘TV˘WfNm G]lT”m. ˘TVo Gg£ ®tT’ ˘TV˘WfNm.

GLÙ SPkR E˚PkR

TÙ•] LiP

˙TÙ] T•jR

T\kR

Æ˚]˘VfNm Æ˚]˚Vd ˘LÙi” ÿ•Ÿm. ˘TV˘WfNm ˘TV˚Wd ˘LÙi” ÿ•Ÿm.

23

L˚XLs Y[⁄m ˙TÙ’ TiTÙh” UXof£Ÿm U≤R YÙr˙YÙ” C˚Vk’

˘Y∞lT”°u\]. L˚XLs U≤R U]eL˚[ C˚Qd°u\]. Jtfl˚U

EQo˚Y Y[oj’ AZœQof£˚Vl ˘T⁄d°”m Eu]Rl T¶VÙtfl°u\].

Cq-YXœ ˙LW[ UdL∞u L˚X EQo˚Y ˘Y∞lT”j’°u-\-’.

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

� ÆZÙdLs, FoYXeLs ÿRXÙ] ®Lrf£L˚[ Y⁄Q˚] ˘Nn’

Y⁄Q˚]d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

� Ti˚PV C˚Nd L⁄ÆL˚[ A±k’ A˚Yl Tt±d œ±l◊

G›’°\ÙoLs.

� —V A‡TYeL∞u A•lT˚P´p A‡TYd œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

� L˚XLs TiTÙh•u APVÙ[eLs GuT˚R A±k’ A’ œ±j’d

Lh”˚W G›’°\ÙoLs.

24

ÆZÙdLs Gu\Ù˙X ˘LÙiPÙhPÿm

œmUÙ[ÿm RÙ˙].. Ti˚PdLÙXm ÿR˙X

Sm©d˚LL∞u ˙TWÙp ÆZÙdLs ˘LÙiPÙ

PlThP˚R CXd°VeLs G”j’˚Wd°u\].

U≤Ru R≤lThPY]pXu. NÍLjßu Ko

AeL˙U GuT˚R ÆZÙdLs EQoj’°u\].

C]m, ˘UÙØ, SÙ”, ˙Yfl-TÙ -•u± GpXÙ

U]eL∞¤m ÆZÙd-Ls U°rf£˚Vd ˘LÙ”d

°u\].

ÈWm GuT’ ̇ LW[ UÙ®Xjßp ̆ LÙiPÙPlTh”

Y⁄m J⁄ ˙LÙÆp ß⁄ÆZÙ Bœm.

CqÆZÙÆu ˙TÙ’ YiQeLfim YÙQ

˙Y•d˚LŸm ˙U[RÙ[eLfim G] SÙ”

ÿ›Y’m œÁLXjßp Ír°´⁄dœm.

œ±lTÙLl ÈWeL∞u ÈWm G]lT”m ß⁄f„ol

ÈWm GpXÙl ÈWeL˚[Ÿm ÆPl ̆ T¨V’ Gufl

˙TÙt\lT”°\’.

ß⁄f„olÈWm

ß⁄f„olÈWm 200 Bi”Ls ˘RÙu˚U

YÙnkR’. ˙U UÙRjßp ÈWShNjßW SÙ∞p

CqÆZÙ ̆ LÙiPÙPlT”°\’. G]˙Y Cq-ÆZÙ

ÈW-ÆZÙ G]l-T -” -° -\’. EXLm ÿ›’m

Cjß⁄ÆZÙ˚Yd LÙQj ßWi” Y⁄m.

""LÙQÙm˙TÙQ ÈWm T\g— A±´dL˙QÙ'' (LÙ-

Ql-˙TÙ-œm ÈWÆZÙ˚Yf ˘NÙp≠j ˘R¨V

˙Yi”˙UÙ) Gufl YZeLlTh” Y⁄m

TZ˘UÙØVÙ˙X CqÆZÙÆu £\l◊j

˘R¨VY⁄m. Gh” ÈWeLs Ju\ÙLf ˙Nok’

Cjß⁄ÆZÙ S˚P˘Tfl°\’. ˙LW[jßt˙L

˘T⁄˚U˙Nodœm 50dœm ˙UtThP VÙ˚]

L∞u A¶Yœl◊m, A˚U-ß-VÙLj ˘RÙPe-°,

EfN Lh-Pj˚R A˚Pk-’, ©u]o ÿ˚\lT”jRl

ThP ˘RÙPof£VÙL Jjß˚N´p ÿ•Ÿm

TgNYÙjßVÿm, AßLÙ˚Xl ˘TÙ›ßp

SPjRlT”m LiLYo YÙQ ˙Y•d˚LŸm

EX°p ˙Yfl Geœ˙U Ju\ÙLd Li” L∞dL

ÿ•VÙR˚Y. YPdœSÙRu Gufl ˙TÙt\lT”m

£Y˘T⁄UÙ˙] CqÆZÙ˚Y ˙S¨p Li”

L∞lTÙo G] SmTlT”°\’. ÈWj ß⁄ÆZÙ‹dœ

ÿu◊ TX YØTÙ”Ls SPjRlT”m.

˙U[ RÙ[eLs

ß⁄f„oj ß⁄ÆZÙ

25

È™È˚_, LÙp˙LÙs G”jRp ̇ TÙu\ NPeœLs

ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]˚Y. VÙ˚] AXeLÙWm ™Lf

£\lTÙ]’. ˘St±lThPm „hPlTh”

AXeL¨dLlThP VÙ˚]Ls ß⁄f„o SL˚Wf

—t± YXm Y⁄m. CdLÙh£˚Vd LÙQ

A˚]Y⁄m ßWi•⁄lTÙoLs. AßLÙ˚X

˘RÙPe° A”jRSÙs LÙ˚X Æ•ŸmY˚W

Li-‘d-œm ˘NÆd-œm CuTm R⁄m CqÆZÙ

˘RÙP⁄m.

œ˚PUÙt\mß⁄f„ol ÈWjßp ™L‹m œ±l©P ˙Yi•V

®Lr˙Y œ˚PUÙt\m. ß⁄YmTÙ• ˙LÙÆp

˙RÆŸm, TÙ\˙ULÙ‹ ̇ LÙÆp ̇ RÆŸm ̇ S⁄dœ

˙So Nkßj’d˘LÙsfim J⁄ ®Lrf£VÙL C’

L⁄RlT”°\’. AXeL¨dLlThP VÙ˚]Ls

˙Up AUok’ YiQ YiQd œ˚PL˚[

UÙt±UÙt± EVojßd LÙh• J⁄ ˙TÙh•˙TÙp

C⁄ ˙LÙÆp N˚TLfim C˚R SPj’m. Cßp

VÙo YiQd œ˚PL˚[d LiLYoYiQm

®Lrj’°\Ùo Gufl UdLs BWYÙWj’Pu

EtfldLY≤lTÙoLs.

Jq˘YÙ⁄ œ˚P EVoj’m ̇ TÙ’m Íuflÿ˚\

˘YiNÙUWÿm BXYhPÿm EVojßV ©\˙L

A”jR œ˚P EVojRlT”m. TLp ÈWm

AßLÙ˚X YÙQ ̇ Y•d˚LŸPu ®˚\‹ ̆ Tflm.

ÈWjß⁄ÆZÙ YPdœSÙRu ˙LÙÆp Y[ÙLjßp

S˚P˘Tflm. TX ˙LÙÆp Efll©]oLs Cßp

LXk’ ˘LÙiPÙ¤m œ˚PUÙt\m SPj’Y’

ß⁄YmTÙ•, TÙ\˙ULÙ‹ ˙LÙÆpLfidœ

Uh”˙U E¨jRÙ]’.

26

Ti˚Pd LÙXm ÿRp CuflY˚W C˚Ndœ

EXLm Lh”i” °Pd°u\’. E´oLs Uh”

UpXÙUp C˚\Y‡m ·P C˚Ndœ UVeœ°\Ùu

Gu˙\ Sm◊°u\]o UdLs. AR]ÙpRÙu

YØTÙh”jRXeL∞p GpXÙm C˚NVÙp

C˚\Y‡dœ AofN˚]Ls S˚P˘Tfl°u\].

SU’ ˙LW[jßp ˙LÙÆpL∞¤m ÆZÙdL∞¤m

YÙ£dLlT”m TgNYÙjßVm G‡m L⁄-Æ-̇ U-[m

EXLl◊Lr YÙnkR’. IY˚L C˚Nd L⁄-Æ-

L-∞u ˘RÙœl˙T "Tg-N-YÙj-ß-Vm'. L⁄ÆL∞u

C˚N NeLUm U]˚R UVd°”m YpX˚U

YÙnkR’.

TgNYÙjßVd L⁄ÆL[Ù] C˚XjRÙ[m,

˘LÙm◊, UjR[m, ß™˚X, C˚PdLÙ.... GuT]

Ti˚PdLÙXm ÿR˙X TVuT”j-RlTh”Y⁄m

C˚NdL⁄ÆLs. TgNYÙjßVjßu ©WUÙRUÙ]

UÙVÙ_ÙX Æj˚R Gu-T’ Ik’ ̇ U[RÙ[eL∞u

LX˚YVÙœm.

C˚XjRÙ[m˙LW[jßu UW◊d L˚XL∞p

Ti˚Pd-LÙ-Xm ÿR˙X TVu

T”jRlTh”Y⁄m Ko C˚Nd

L⁄Æ˙V CXjRÙ[m. ˘Yi

LXm G‡m E˙XÙLjRÙp

B]’m YhPUÙ] C˚X

Y•YUÙ]’˙U CdL⁄Æ.

TgN YÙjßVm

CRu ˚UVlTœß´p A˚UkRs[ ’˚[´p

NW” Lh• ˚YlTÙoLs. NW”L˚[d ˚LL∞p

©•j’ C⁄ C˚Xj RÙ[eL˚[ Ju˙\Ù˘PÙufl

Rh• C˚N G›l◊°u\]o. ˚LU¶ ˙TÙu\

E⁄Y A˚Ul◊s[ CdL⁄Æ L˚RL∞ TgN

YÙjßVm, ˘Ni˚P˙U[m ˙TÙu\Yt±p

TVuT”jRlT”°\’. R™rSÙh” C˚NdL⁄

ÆVÙ] £e° (_ÙpWÙ) CR‡Pu ̆ RÙPo◊˚PV’.

C’ E˙XÙLd L⁄ÆVÙœm.

˘LÙm◊ (RÙ˚W)˙LW[ C˚NdL⁄ÆVÙ] ˘LÙm◊ ˘YiLXjRÙp

E⁄YÙdLlThP Y˚[kR œZp ˙TÙu\ J⁄

’˚[dL⁄Æ VÙœm. YÙ˙VÙ” ˙Noj’ ˚Ydœm

Tœß £flÆWp A[‹s[

T⁄U˚] E˚PV’. S”lTœß

¡i”m ƨYÙ° A˚U-Ÿm

YÙnl-T-œß Y˚[k’ ˘LÙm◊

˙TÙufl A˚Uk ß⁄dœm.

CmÍufl TœßL˚[Ÿm R≤j-

R≤VÙLd LZt± C˚QdLXÙm.

C˚Ndœm ˙Y˚[´p Ju\ÙL

C˚QdLlT”m. TgN YÙjßVjßp ˘LÙm◊

ÿd°V Teœ Y°d°u\’. C˚R YÙ£jßP Íf—

T´t£Ÿm YÙ£l◊l T´t£Ÿm ™Lj ̇ R˚Y. C’

LÙtfld L⁄ÆVÙœm.

27

TXÙUWjßp L˚Pk’ E⁄YÙdLlThP ß™˚X-

´u YÙnl TœßLs LÙ˚[j ˙RÙXÙp ÍPl-

T”m. ÍPlThP C⁄ Tœ-ß-L-fim ˙RÙp YÙo-

L[Ùp C›j’ ÿfld°d LhPlTh” E⁄YÙdLl-

Th•⁄dœm. ̇ RÙ∞p UÙh•d ̆ LÙi” CRu J⁄

TdLj˚R C⁄ ˚LL[Ùp Rh• C˚N G›l◊-

°u\]o. C’‹m ˙RÙpL⁄ÆVÙœm.

C˚PdLÙ

˙LW[jßu TÙWmT¨V

C˚Nd L⁄Æ˙V C˚PdLÙ.

C’ ˙LÙÆp YØTÙ”

L∞p ™L ÿd°V Teœ

Y°d°u\’. CXœYÙ]

£flLm◊L[Ùp YhP

Y•YUÙ] YÙnlTœßL∞p Rh• C˚N

G›lTlT”°\’. AZœdLÙL ̇ RÙWQeLs ̇ TÙp

Ëp E⁄˚[Ls YiQdœgNWeL[ÙLj

˘RÙeLÆPlTh•⁄dœm. B” UÙ”L∞u

˙RÙXÙp YÙnlTœßLs ÍPlTh•⁄dœm.

C’-‹m J⁄ ˙RÙp L⁄-Æ.

UjR[m˙LÙÆpL∞p C˚NdLlT”m ˙RÙXÙp B]

J⁄Y˚L C˚NdL⁄Æ˙V UjR[m. TXÙ

UWjRÙp CRu EPp Tœß E⁄YÙdLlT”°\’.

ß\kR C⁄YÙnlTœßLs LÙ˚[, G⁄’

˙TÙu\˚YL∞u ̇ RÙXÙp

ÿ˚\˙V YXlTdLÿm

CPl TdLÿm ÍPlT”-

°\’. UjR[m ≈WUj-

R[m, ˘RÙl©UjR[m

G] C⁄Y˚LlT”m.

—jRSÙRm ÿZe°P ≈WUjR[ÿm, A˚Pl◊

J≠ÿZe °Pj ˘RÙl© UjR[ÿm NÙRÙWQ-

UÙLl TVu T”jRlT”°u\]. L˚RL∞´p

UjR[m ÿd°VUÙ] C˚Nd L⁄ÆVÙLl

TVuT”°\’. C’ ˙RÙp L⁄ÆVÙœm.

ß™˚X (˙RUXÙ)

TgNYÙjßVm G‡m C˚N

NeLUjßp ™L ÿd°V Teœ

Y°lT’ ß™˚X G‡m C˚Nd

L⁄Æ˙V. S”lTœß T⁄Uu

œ˚\kR’m ˘LÙgNm øiP

E⁄Y A˚Ul˚TŸm ̆ LÙiP’.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ß⁄-f„olÈWj ß⁄-Æ-ZÙ˚Yl ˙TÙX øeLs Li”L∞jR ß⁄-ÆZÙ Ju-±˚]

Y⁄-¶j’d Lh-”˚W G›-’e-Ls.

� C˚Nd L˚X-Oo J⁄-Y-̈ -Pm ˙Th-•d LÙi-T-Rt-LÙ] Æ]Ù-®-Wp RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

� R™ZLd ̇ LÙÆpL∞¤m ̇ LW[d ̇ LÙÆpL∞¤m TVuT”jRlT”m C˚Nd L⁄ÆL˚[

Jl¿”˘Nn’ œ±l◊ G›’eLs.

� C˚Nd L⁄ÆL∞u TPeL˚[j ßWh• œ±l◊ G›’eLs.

� øeLs Li” L∞jRj ß⁄-f„ol ÈWj ß⁄-Æ-ZÙÆu £\l©˚] EeLs SiT‡dœd

L•RUÙL G›’eLs.

28

LÙ˚X H› U¶d˙L UÙQY, UÙQÆVo Ts∞

ÿt\jßp ·•ÆhP]o. NÙRÙWQUÙLj RÙURUÙL

Y⁄°u\YoLs·P Aufl ÿu]RÙL˙Y

Yk’ÆhP]o. ARtœ J⁄ LÙWQm Ei”.

Aufl AYoLs —tflXÙf ˘NpXÆ⁄d°u\]o.

—tflXÙ Gu\Ùp B•lTÙ•d ·jRÙ”m

CuTf—tflXÙYu-fl. YWXÙtfl ÿd°Vj’Ym

YÙnkR £X CPeL˚[l TÙo˚Y´”Y’

LpÆf—tflXÙÆu ̇ SÙdLm. HZ˚W U¶V[Æp

B£¨Vo YkRÙo. Gp˙XÙo ÿLjߤm B]kRd

L∞l◊. Y⁄˚LlTß‹ Jj’lTÙojRp ÿRXÙ]

BWmT ˙Y˚XLs ÿ•kR©u N¨VÙL

Gh”U¶dœl ˙T⁄k’ ◊\lThP’. ß⁄Y

]kR◊Wm Lu≤VÙœU¨ ˙R£V ˘S”eNÙ˚X

LiLYo LhPPeLs

YØVÙLl TVQm. UÙQY, UÙQÆVo E`ÙWÙ

´]o. Al◊\m TÙh”m BhPÿm ˚Lj

RhP¤mRÙu.

A˚WU¶ ̇ SWl TVQjßtœl ©u UÙQYoLs

Ntfl A˚UßVÙ´]o. Al˙TÙ’ B£¨Vo ̇ TNj

˘RÙPe°]Ùo.

œZk˚RL˙[! SÙm Cl˙TÙ’ TjUSÙT◊Wm

AWiU˚]˚Vl TÙodLf ˘Np°˙\Ùm.

C’˙TÙufl YWXÙtfl ÿd°Vj’Ym YÙnkR

CPeLfidœf ̆ Np¤m˙TÙ’ AkR CPeL˚[l

Tt±V £X YWXÙtflf ˘NnßL˚[ ÿu]˙W

˘R¨k’ ˚Yjß⁄lT’ ™L‹m AY£Vm.

Cl˙TÙ’ £X ˘NnßL˚[f ˘NÙp°˙\u.

Aß-NV UÙ∞˚L

29

LY]UÙLd ˙LfieLs Gu\Ùo B£¨Vo.

UÙQY, UÙQÆVo ReLs ˘NÆL˚[d

·o˚UVÙd°d ˘LÙiP]o.

CkßVÙ Æ”R˚X ˘Ttfl JuT’ Bi”

Lfidœl ©u]oRÙu, ARÙY’ 1956 SYmTo

ÿRpSÙs RÙu Cu˚\V ˙LW[ UÙ®Xm

E⁄YÙ]’. ARtœ ÿu]Ùp ˙LW[m ß⁄Æ

RÙe·o, ˘LÙf£, UXTÙo G] Íufl R≤jR≤

SÙ”L[ÙL C⁄kR]. ˘UÙØ A•lT˚P´p

˙LW[m J⁄ R≤ UÙ®XUÙL E⁄YÙ]˙TÙ’

œU¨UÙYhPm R™rSÙh”Pu C˚QdLlThP’.

CRtœl TßXÙLl TÙXdLÙh•u Gp˚Xl

Tœß´p R™rSÙh”Pu C˚Qk’ °PkR £X

TœßLs ̇ LW[ UÙ®Xj’Pu C˚QdLlThP].

—UÙo Ju\˚W U¶˙SWl TVQjßtœl ©u

ß⁄Y]kR◊Wjß≠⁄k’ 55 °˙XÙ¡hPo

ÁWj˚Rj RÙi•l ˙T⁄k’ RdL˚X˚V

A˚PkR’. Gp˙XÙ⁄m ˙R…⁄m Y˚PŸm

Ei-P]o. ˙T⁄k’ CP’ TdLUÙLj ß⁄m©

TjUSÙT◊Wm AWiU˚]˚V ˙SÙd° SLokR’.

Ik’ ®™Pl TVQm. A˚]Y⁄m AWiU˚]

YÙN≠u ÿu C\e°]o. ÿu]Ùp K”

˙YVlThP ˘T¨V LhPPeLs. Gp˙XÙ⁄m

BfN¨Vj˙RÙ” TÙojR]o. B£¨Vo ÷˚Z‹f

∫h˚Pl ˘Ttfl YkRÙo. B£¨V˚Wl ©u

˘RÙPok’ UÙQYoLs ·hPUÙLf ˘Nu\]o.

IVÙ, TjUSÙT◊Wm Gu\ ˘TVo GlT• YkR’?

Gufl ˙LhPÙu J⁄ UÙQYu.

N¨VÙ] ˙LsÆ. ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm TjUSÙT —YÙ™

˙LÙÆp EeLfid˘LpXÙm ˘R¨Ÿm. A’

ß⁄ÆRÙe·o AWN YmNjßtœf ˘NÙkRUÙ]

˙LÙ´p. ©tLÙXjßp Bh£◊¨kR Uu]oLs

ReL˚[l TjUSÙT≤u RÙNoLs Gufl ̆ NÙp≠d

˘LÙi˙P Bh£◊¨kR]o.

C’-RÙu ß⁄-Æ-RÙe-·-¨u ÿRp R˚X-S-L-Wm.

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30

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32

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˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� LÆ-̊ R-́ p Y⁄m ˙LW-[d L˚X-L˚[ Y -̊̈ Nl-T-”jßd œ±l◊ G›-’e-Ls.

� ∏rY⁄m TœßdLÙ] CW-N-̊ ]d œ±l◊ G›-’e-Ls.

""øXd LP˙XÙWm

L⁄jRmUÙ A›RœWp

LÙVm —Uk’ YkRÙn

U]l◊i R›mTÙLd

LÙ]WÙL LkR⁄Yu

H—RÙv £k’m C˚NVÿßp

L˚Wk’ L˚Wk˘Rm˚Ud

LÙQÙUp ˙TÙL ˚YjRÙn''

£t©

UW©p ˙YÏu±l ◊’˚U´p °˚[ TWl©, LÆ˚R, SÙPLm, œfleLÙÆVm,

˘UÙØ˘TVol◊, ß\]Ùn‹ G]j R™ØXd°Vj ß˚NL∞p Æ›ß\d°

®tœm LÆ Æ⁄hNm £t©. L.SÙ.— SPjßV CXd°V YhPm CRØp

◊’dLÆ˚R G›ßVYo. £¨jR ÿj’dL∞p (1968) TÙ•V LÆOo, J⁄

°WÙUj’ Sß Gu-‡m LÆ˚R ˤd-LÙL Uj-ßV NÙd-ßV AdLÙ-R™ Æ⁄’

˘Tt-\-Yo.

37

ß⁄YÙß˚WdL∞

ß⁄YÙß˚WdL∞ ˚L˘LÙh•dL∞ Guflm

A±VlT”°\’. C’ ˙LW[jßu ™Lj

˘RÙu˚UVÙ] SÙh”l◊\d L˚X Y•YUÙœm.

C’ ˘TiLs YhPUÙLd ·•®ufl B”m

BhPUÙœm. ÆZÙdLÙXeL∞p ≈h” ÿt\jßp

CdL˚X ®LrjRlT”°\’. ˙LW[jßu

TÙWmT¨V E˚PŸPu £Y˘T⁄UÙu TÙoYß

˙RÆ˚Vj ß⁄UQm ˘NnR˚R ®˚]‹

flj’mT• ß⁄-YÙ-ß˚W BPlT”°\’.

JlT˚]

JlT] ApX’ JlT˚]l TÙh” GuT’

˙LW[jßu C—XÙ™V UÙl©˚[f NÿRÙVjß

]¨u J⁄ L˚XY•Ym. ß⁄UQ StNPeœL∞u

J⁄ TœßVÙL C’ S˚P˘Tfl°\’. UXl◊\m,

˙LÙØd˙LÙ”, LiÊo B°V YP˙LW[l

TœßL∞p CdL˚X ˘T¨’m ˙TQlT”°\’.

Jl-T˚] Gu-T-Rtœ AZ-œ-T-”j-Rp Gu-T’

˘TÙ⁄s. AZLÙ] AXeLÙWj’Pu UQl

˘Ti˚Qf —t±j ˙RÙØLs YhP™h”

B”Yo. UQUL‡dœm £X CPeL∞p

JlT˚] S˚P˘Tflm.

UÙodLeL∞

˙LW[jßp °±jRYo ®Lrj’m L˚XL∞p

UÙodLeL∞Ÿm Jufl. °.©.52Cp ˙LW[jßtœ

YkRRÙLd L⁄RlT”m ˙RÙUÙ vƒaÙÆu

YWXÙt˚\ ®˚]‹·ok’ TÙPlT”m TÙP˚X

UÙodLeL∞lTÙh” GuTo. ÿu]o, BiLs

Uh”˙U ®Lrjß YkR CdL˚X´p Rt˙TÙ’

˘TiLfim Teœ˘T-fl-°u\]o. Ts∞L∞¤m,

L˚XlTs∞L∞¤m ˘Ti œZk˚RLs C˚R

®Lrj’°u\]o. TÙWmT¨Vd °±j’Y E˚P

(˘Ys˚[ E˚P) A¶k’ B”Yo.

˛ U˙]Ù-WUÙ Tj-ß-̈ ˚Lf ˘Nnß

L˚X-L-∞p Jt-fl˚U

38

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ˙LW[d L˚X-VÙ] ß⁄-YÙ-ß-˚Wd-L-∞˚Vj R™-Z-Ld-L-˚X-VÙ] œm-™-Ÿ-Pu Jl-©h”d

œ±l◊ G›-’e-Ls.

� Ee-L-fidœl ©•jR L˚X Ju-±˚]lTt± Æ[dLd œ±l◊ G›-’e-Ls.

� TXÆ-R-UÙ] ˙LW[, R™-ZLd L˚X-L-∞u ◊˚Ll-T-Pe-L-̊ [j ßWh•l TPj ˘RÙœl◊j

RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls. A’ œ±j’ G›’eLs.

� Ts∞ CXd-°V Uu-\m NÙo-©p L˚X ÆZÙ S˚P˘T\ Es-[-’. Cq-Æ-ZÙ˚Y ˘TÙ’-

UdLs A±k-’-̆ LÙs-fiUÙfl Æ[m-TWm RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

� L˚XL∞u Y[of£´p FPLeL∞u Teœ Gu\ R˚Xl©p ˘NÙt˘TÙØ‹ Jufl

RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

� ˙LW[m ""LP‹∞u ˘NÙkR SÙ”'' G]l ˙TÙt\lT”°\’. CRtLÙ] LÙWQeL˚[d

œ±lTÙL G›’eLs.

39

CXd-°VeL˚[d LÙXj-ßu Li-QÙ• GuTo. LÙXk-̇ RÙ-flm Ud-L-∞u Gi-Qe-Ls UÙfl-

T-”m ˙TÙ˘Rp-XÙm CWN-˚]d˙LtTl T˚Pl-◊-L-∞u Ru-˚U-Ÿm UÙfl-T-”-°-\-’.

Sm -R-™r ˘UÙØ ™Ll TZ-̊ U-VÙ-]’; A[Yt\ —˚Y-VÙ] CXd-°-Vf ˘Np-Ye-L˚[j

Ru-≤-Pj˙R ˘LÙi-P-’. NeLf ˘Nn-Ÿs-Ls ÿRp Cu-˚\V ˚a·d LÆ˚R

Y˚W´XÙ] T˚Pl-◊-Ls ̆ Y∞l-T-”j’m Tp —˚Y-L-̊ [-Ÿm As-∞d ̆ LÙ”j’ Sm˚Ud

LYo°\’ CqYXœ.

ÿRu-̊ Ud Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

� L⁄j-R-We-Lm, Th-•-Uu-\m ˙TÙu-\-Yt-±p Teœ ˘Ttflj ˘RÙœl-◊˚W YZe-œ-

°\Ùo-Ls.

� UW-◊d-L-Æ-˚R, ◊’d-L-Æ˚R CYt-±tœ C˚P-˙V-VÙ] ˙Yfl-TÙ-”-L-˚[d

Li-P-±k’ G›’-°-\Ùo-Ls.

� T˚Pl©-Xd-°-Ve-L-∞p CPm-˘T-flm EY-˚U, E⁄-Y-Lm ÿR-≠-V-]-Yt-˚\d

Li-P-±k’ G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.

40

VÙU±kR ˘UÙØL∞˙X...

UdLs A±‹ Y[of£dœ Cu±V˚UVÙR

NÙR]UÙ´⁄lT’ ˘UÙØ. ˘UÙØ˙V UdL˚[

ÆXe°≤ufl ˙YflT”j’YRÙœm. Cl˘TÙ›’

EXL UdL[Ùp B´-Wd-L-Q-LÙ] ˘UÙØLs

˙TNlT”°u\]. Gm˘UÙØ GqÆ]jRYWÙp

YØYØVÙLl ˙TNlT”°u\˙RÙ Am˘UÙØ

AqÆ]jRYodœj RÙn˘UÙØ Gufl ˘NÙpXl

T”m. "LÙd˚Ldœm Ru œg— ˘TÙuœg—'

GuT’ ˙TÙp Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm AYWYo

RÙn˘UÙØ Ußl©tœ¨V˙R.

Sm RÙn˘UÙØVÙ°V R™r Cu] LÙXjßp

˙RÙu±V˘Rufl Y˚WVfldL ÿ•VÙR

Aj’˚Ql TZ˚UYÙnkRRÙœm. H\dœ˚\V

CWiPÙ´Wm Bi”Lfidœ ÿtThP NeL

CXd°VeL˚[Ÿm, AYt±‡m ÿkßVRÙ°V

˘RÙpLÙl©Vj˚RŸm ˙SÙdœ™Pj’l TpXÙ

´Wm Bi”Lfidœ ÿu˙T R™r EV¨V

®˚X˚V A˚Pk’s[˚U ◊X]Ù °u\’. R™r

™dL C≤˚UŸ˚PV ˘UÙØ Guflm, CXdLQ

YWm◊˚PV ˘UÙØ˘Vuflm ˘RÙufl ˘RÙh”l

TXWÙ¤m TÙWÙhPl ˘Ttfl Y⁄°\’. T˚ZV

◊XYoLs R™r ˘UÙØ˚Vd œ±dœm˙TÙ

˘RpXÙm ARu ˘TV˚W Uh-”m ·\Ù’,

˘NkR™r, ˚TkR™r, ˘Uu\™r, Cu\™r G]

CqYÙ\ÙL VÙ˙R‡m Ko A˚P˘UÙØ ̆ LÙ”j˙R

YZe° Ykß⁄d°u\]o.

—l©WU¶V TÙWßVÙo, "VÙU±kR ˘UÙØL∞˙X

R™r˘UÙØ˙TÙp C≤RÙY ˘Reœm LÙ˙QÙm'

Gufl TX˘UÙØL˙[Ù” Jl©h” ˙SÙd°j

RÙU±kR Ei˚U˚V E˚Wj ’[ÙWu˙\Ù? R™r

CeM]m C≤˚U E˚PVRÙ]RÙp R™r Gu\

˘NÙp¤d˙L C≤˚U˘Vu\ ˘TÙ⁄fim

E[RÙ´tfl! B]Ùp R™r C≤V’ Gufl ©\o

·\d ˙LhPR]Ù˙X˙V ARu C≤˚U

◊XlTPUÙhPÙ’. LtLi” —˚Y ™dL˘Rufl

˙LhPY[Æp ARu —˚Y˚V EQW ÿ•ŸUÙ?

AR˚] YÙ´≠h”f —˚Yj’ Ei‘m

˘TÙ›Ru˙\Ù ARu Cu—˚Y ◊X]Ùœm? A’

˙TÙp R™˚Zl TXLÙ¤m Ltflm ˙Lh”m

SU’ RÙn˘UÙØ

41

£kßj’m E˚Wj’m BWÙnk’m ’ndœm

˘TÙ›˙R ARu C≤˚U ™œßŸm

◊X]ÙYRÙœm. R™r Ru C≤˚UVÙp

LP‹[˚WŸm YVUÙdœm CVp©]RÙRp

Tt±˙V TWm˘TÙ⁄[Ùn C˚\Y˚]l TÙ•

AY]⁄˚[l ˘TflYRtœj ß⁄OÙ]NmTkRo

ÿR≠V SÙVuUÙoLfim, NP˙LÙTo ÿR≠V

BrYÙoLfim, Th•]jRÙo, RÙŸUÙ]Yo ˙TÙu-

˙\Ù-⁄m RÙn-˘UÙ-Ø-VÙm R™-˚Zd L⁄ÆVÙLd

˘LÙi” TÙ•Ÿs[ÙoLs. AYoLs TÙ•V

Ajß⁄l TÙPpLs C˚N˙VÙ”m, ˘TÙ⁄fiQo

˙YÙ”m ßLr-°u-\-]. Cufl SÙm TÙ•‡m A˚Y

Sm˚U CuT ˘Ys[jß˙X ß˚[dLf

˘Nn°u\].

NeLÆXd°VeL[Ù°V Gh”j˘RÙ˚L, Tj’l

TÙh”L∞≠⁄k’ AdLÙXjßp LpÆ GqY[‹

TWÆ´⁄kR˘RuT’m, ˙Y[Ùi˚U, YÙ¶Lm,

˚Lj˘RÙØpLs GeM]m Ke°´ ⁄kR]

˘YuT’m, AW£Vp, NUV®˚X, Jl◊W˘YÙ

›dLm GuT] GjR˚LV Suÿ˚\´p

Æ[e°]˘YuT’m, R™ZoLfi˚PV LÙRp,

UÙ]m, ≈Wm, Yi˚U, øß, NÙu\Ùi˚U

ÿR≠V]‹m Suœ A±VlT”m. ß⁄dœ\s

Gu‡m ̆ RnYf ̆ N›kR™r U˚\VÙ]’ R™Zo

R≤ SÙL¨Ljßu JlTt\ A˚PVÙ[m.

£XlTßLÙWm, £kRÙU¶, LmTWÙUÙVQm,

˘T¨V◊WÙQm ÿR≠V LÙl©VeL˙[Ù JuTÙu

—˚YŸm ˘Tn’˚YjR —˚Yl˘ThPLeLs.

EX°¤s[ VÙ˘RÙ⁄ ˘UÙØŸm ˙RÙu±V

SÙs˘RÙh” J˙W Ru˚UVÙn C⁄k’

Y⁄YRufl. J⁄ œZk˚R ©\k’ Y[ok’

EVo®˚XV˚PY’ ̇ TÙu˙\ ̆ UÙØŸm ̇ RÙu±

Y[⁄m CVp©]RÙœm. A’ YZdLt\ ®˚X˚V

Gnßu J⁄LÙp A’ J˙W Ru˚U˚V E˚PVRÙ

LXÙm. YZdLÙfl˚PV E´⁄s[ ̆ UÙØLs VÙ‹m

LÙXl˙TÙd°t˙LtT ˙YflT”Rp CVp˙T, R™r

CqÆßdœ ÆXdLÙ]Rufl.

LÙXj-ßt-˙LtT ˘UÙØ Tp-˙Yfl UÙfl-Rp-L˚[

A˚P-°-\’. R™r ˘UÙØ-Ÿm TX UÙfl-Rp-L˚[

A˚Pk-’m Cu-\-[-‹m E -́⁄s[ YZd-LÙ-fl-̊ PV

˘UÙØ-VÙ-L-˙Y ßLr-°u-\’. Gu-flm Y[-⁄m

C[-̊ Uj R™-̆ Zufl ˙TÙt-\l-T-”-Y-’m AR-]Ù-

˙X˙V. EXL- ˘UÙ-Ø-L-∞p Gp-XÙm F”-⁄Æj

˘RÙu˚U EQoj-’m A⁄k-R-™-ZÙm SmR™-̊ Zl

˙TÙt± Y[oj-Rp Sm LP-̊ U-Vu-̇ \Ù...

˛ S. ÿ. ˙Ye-L-P-NÙ™ SÙhPÙo

SÙVuUÙoLs

£Y˘T⁄UÙ˚] YØT”m ˘S± ˚NYm

G]lT”m. £Y]•VÙoL˚[ SÙVuUÙoLs

Gufl A˚ZlTo. SÙVuUÙoLs AflTj’

ÍYo BYo. CYoLs TÙ•V TÙPpLs

Tu≤⁄ ß⁄ÿ˚\Ls G] A˚ZdLl-

T”°u\].

˙LW-[j-˚Rf ˙NokR SÙV-]Ùo ˙NW-UÙu

˘T⁄-UÙs SÙV-]Ùo. SÙVu-UÙo-L-∞p J˙W

J⁄ ̆ Ti LÙ˚Wd-LÙp Am-̊ U-VÙo BYÙo.

BrYÙoLs

ß⁄UÙ˚X (Æx‘) YØT”m ˘S±

˚YQm G]lT”m. ˚YQY A•VÙo

L˚[ BrYÙoLs Gufl A˚ZlTo.

BrYÙoLs Tu≤Wi” ˙To. CYoLs

TÙ•V SÙXÙ´Wm TÙPpLs SÙXÙ´W

ßqÆVl ©WTkRm Gufl A˚ZdLl

T”°\’.

˙LW-[j-̊ Rf ˙NokR J˙W Br-YÙo œX-

˙NLW Br-YÙo. Br-YÙo-L-∞p J˙W J⁄

˘Ti-U¶ Bi-PÙs.

42

T”j-ß-⁄d-œm Æ]Ùd-œ-±-̇ TÙp ¡˚N ˚YjR

TÙi-•-Vo-Ls Y[oj-R-̆ UÙØ; LP-≠u ø˚W

E”j-ß-⁄d-œm EX-Lj-ßp R˚X˚U RÙe-œm

EVokR˘UÙØ; ˘Y∞-SÙh-PÙo ˘UÙØd-œf ˘NÙt-Ls

˘LÙ”j-ß-⁄d-œm Ys-[p˘UÙØ; Yu˚U ˘Uu˚U

˘LÙiP˘UÙØ; œU-̈ -̆ UÙØ; LÙl© VeLs

Y•j-ß-⁄d-œm Bß-̆ UÙØ; A±-Æp ÍjR

Ys-fi-Y˚] Du-\-̆ UÙØ R™˙Z VÙœm

˛—WRÙ

R˚X˚U RÙe-œm R™r

S. ÿ. ˙Ye-L-P-NÙ™ SÙhPÙo

Cu]Ù SÙtT’, L[YØSÙtT’, LÙo SÙtT’, Bjß„•,

˘LÙu˚\˙YkRu, ˘Yt±˙Yt˚L, Í’˚W, SpYØ, Su˘]± B°V

ËpLfidœm, ß⁄Æ˚[VÙPp ◊WÙQjßtœm Sp¤˚W Li”

E˚W˙YkRo G] A˚ZdLlThPÙo. ˙Y∞o YWXÙfl, Sd∏Wo, L©Xo,

Ls[o N¨jßWm, LiQ° YWXÙfl, ˙NÙZo N¨jßWm B°V Bn‹l

˘T⁄ËpLs CYWÙp G›RlThP].

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� "R™r Gu\Ùp C≤˚U' Gu\ R˚Xl©p CXd°V Uu\jßp E˚WVÙt\f ̆ NÙt˘TÙØ‹

E˚W RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

� ""LÙXk˙RÙflm ˘UÙØ UÙflT”°\’'' GuTR˚] BRÙWeLfiPu Æ[d° G›’eLs.

—WRÙ (1921)

—l◊Wjß]RÙNu GuT˚Rf —⁄d°f —WRÙ G]d ˘LÙiP CYW’

CVt˘TVo CWÙN˙LÙTÙp. R≤j’Y™dL EY˚UL˚[f £\l◊\d

˚LVÙiPYo. E˚UdLÆOo G] A˚ZdLlThPYo. £¨l©u ®Zp,

˙RuU˚Z, —Y⁄m —iQÙm◊m, ’˚\ÿLm ˙TÙu\ TÙPp

˘RÙœßL˚[j RkRYo.

43

R™rj ˘Ru-\p

C-̊ N- U-V-UÙ] CVt˚L ®Xj-ßp YÙr‹ SPjß,

CVt-̊ Lj R™-̊ Zf —˚Yj-R-Yo Sm ÿu-̇ ]Ùo.

R™r Gu-T-Rtœ, "C≤˚U' Gu-T’ ˘TÙ⁄s.

R™r RΔ-CV NÙV-XYo Gu-flm R™r-̇ No LÙg£

Guflm, "C≤˚U' Gu-‡m ̆ TÙ⁄s-TPj "R™r'

Gu-‡f ˘NÙp˚Xl ◊X-Yo Bi-•-⁄jRp

LÙi-L. TZ˚U Ud-Ls CVt-˚L-

´-Ì-flk R™-˚Z˙VÙ, ©u-˚]j RÙe-Ls

Aq-Æ-Vt-˚Ll ˘TÙ⁄-fid-°hP ˘NÙu

˘UÙØdœm YZe-°-]o ˙TÙ¤m! CVt˚L

C≤-˚U-˙VÙ-”˛ R™-˙ZÙ-”˛ Am-Ud-Ls

˘LÙiP YÙr-Æ-̆ X-›m Cu-Td °[of-£-VÙp,

RÙe-Ls UÙkR C≤˚U ˛ R™r ˛ E˚\-Ÿ-[Ùm

CVt-˚L-˚Vf ˘NÙp-˙XÙ-Æ-V-UÙL G›-’-Y’

AYo-L-[’ ˘T⁄-Æ-̊ [-VÙh-”. Af ˘NÙp-̇ XÙ-Æ-

Ve-L-̊ [d ˘LÙiP Cu-Tl ˘Th-P-Le-Ls TX

U˚\k-R-]. Cl-̆ TÙ-›-’s-[] £X. A˚Y L≠j-

˘RÙ-̊ L, ̆ S”-Sp-YÙ-̊ P, £Xl-T-ß-LÙ-Wm ÿR-≠V

Ëp-Ls.

Sm Ud-Ls YÙr˙Y R™r YÙr‹. AYo-Ls

Li-P’ R™r; ˙Lh-P’ R™r; Ei-P’ R™r;

E´oj-R’ R™r, Et-\’ R™r, Aj-R-™r A™r-

Re-̆ LÙiP SÙ” Ck-SÙ-”. B! B! C’ ®˚]-

Æ-¤-flm ˙TÙ’ Eflm Cu-Tj˚R Gu-˘]u-

˙Tu! Aq-Æu-Tm ÷LokR Cd-LÙ -Xj

R™rlTÙY-Xo ˘T⁄-UÙ-]Ù-°V Sm TÙW-ß-VÙo

"˘Nk-R-™r SÙ˘P-‡m ̇ TÙß-≤˙X Cu-Tj ̇ Ru-

Yk’ TÙŸ’ LÙß-≤˙X' Gufl ·±-́ -⁄j-Rp LÙi-

L.˛ ß⁄. Æ. L≠-VÙ-Q-—k-R-W-]Ùo

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� R˚X˚U RÙeœm R™r Gu\ TÙP≠u ˚UVl ˘TÙ⁄˚[ EQok’ SVm

TÙWÙh”eLs.

� R™˚Z Ys[p˘UÙØ Gufl ·flYRtLÙ] LÙWQeL˚[ BWÙnk’ œ±l◊

G›’eLs.

� TÙWß ÆZÙÆp "R™r ̆ UÙØ´u TZ˚U' Gu\ R˚Xl©p ̆ NÙt˘TÙØYÙt\ E˚W Jufl

RVÙo ˘NnŸeLs.

� Ts∞d L˚XÆZÙÆtœ Y⁄˚LRWÆ⁄dœm L˚XOo J⁄Y⁄Pu E˚WV”YRtLÙ]

Æ]Ù ®Wp E⁄YÙdœeLs.

ß⁄.Æ.L≠VÙQ—kRWm (1883˛1953)

ß⁄YÙϨp ©\k’ ˘Nu˚]´p YÙrkR ß⁄.Æ.L SÙh” Æ”R˚X

CVdLjßp æÆWl Teœ ˘LÙiPYo. WÙVl˙Th˚P ˘Yv≠Vu Lp̨

B£¨VWÙnj ßLrkRÙo. G›jߤm, ˙Tf£¤m, ≈flS˚P, B˙YNm

R’mTd LÙQXÙm. R™rj ˘Ru\p Gufl ˙TÙtflUÙfl Sflk R™rS˚P

LUrY] CYoRm ËpLs.

44

AÿR Ftfl

˙Ruœ\s ’∞-Ls

ß⁄-Ys-fi-Yo

CY⁄dœ SÙV]Ùo, ˙RYo, ÿRtTÙYXo, ˘RnYl◊XYo, SÙuÿL]Ùo,

UÙRÙ‡Te°, ˘NkSÙl˙TÙRÙo, ˘T⁄SÙYXo G] ˙Yfl˘TVoLfim Ei”.

ß⁄dœ\s ˤdœ ÿlTÙp, EjRW˙YRm, ˘RnYËp, ß⁄YsfiYm,

˘TÙnVÙ˘UÙØ, YÙŸ˚\ YÙrj’, R™rU˚\, ̆ TÙ’U˚\ G] ̇ Yfl˘TVoLs

·\lT”Y’ Ei”. R™rfNÙu˙\Ùo LiP±kR SpYÙrd˚Lj

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45

NeLm Y[ojR R™r

DR¤m C˚NTP YÙrR¤m

˘Ri LPp Y[Ù-Lm ˘TÙ’˚U Cu±

˘Yi œ˚P ®Zt-±V J⁄-̊ U-̇ VÙod-œm,

S” SÙs VÙUj-’m TL-¤m ’g-NÙu

L” UÙl TÙod-œm LpXÙ J⁄-Yt-œm,

Ei-T’ SÙØ; E”l-T˚Y CWi˙P;

©\-‹m Gp-XÙm Ko Jd-œm˙U;

˘Np-Yj-’l TV˙] DRp;

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˘TÙu ˘Nn ◊˚] C˚Z Lh-•V UL-∞o

L’l-©u ˙RÙu-flm ◊’l Èe ˘LÙu-̊ \d

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˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

� ""TVuUWm Esol T›jRt\Ùp ˛ ˘NpYm

SV‡˚PV VÙuLi T•u''

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˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ˘NpYj’l TV˙] DRp Gu\ ◊\SÙÚtflf ̆ NnŸs Y¨Lfidœ HtT Cu˚\V NÍLm

˘NVpT”°\RÙ? ÆUoN]d Lh”˚W G›’eLs.

� œflk-̆ RÙ-̊ Ll TÙP-≠u ˘TÙ⁄s SVm Tt-±d œ±l-̆ T-›-’e-Ls.

46

£flœ• ¬˙W £flœ• ¬˙W

˘RnYe ˘LÙsfi™u £flœ• ¬˙W

®\e°[ W⁄Æl T\m©u \ÙrY˚W

Sflg£˚] ˙Ye˚L Su≤Zt ∏˙ZÙo

˘RnYe˘LÙsfi™u £flœ• ¬˙W

˘RÙiPLk ˘RÙ”™u £flT˚\ ˘RÙ”™u

˙LÙ”YÙn ˚Ym™u ˘LÙ”U¶

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˙YflT” ˙UL˚XLs ˘Up˘X] ™Zt\f

˙NflT” ˙LÙ˚R™˚N Yi”ß˚N TÙP

SÙflUXod ˘LÙm◊S˚P LtT˘R] YkRÙs

∫Y-L-£k-RÙ-U¶ ˛ TÙPp 2019

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C[e˙LÙY•Ls

CYo U˚X-SÙh-˚Pf NÙok-R-Yo. ˙NWu ˘Neœh”Y≤u N˙LÙRWu BYÙo. CYo NUQ

URj ’\ÆVÙL C⁄kR ̇ TÙߤm AY⁄˚PV L˚Xjß\ÿm LÙÆV Es[ÿm Ëp ÿ›Y’m

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˙NÙZY™Njß]o. ˘UÙØ SXm NÙu\ ◊XYWÙn U’˚W ˘Nu\˙TÙ’ "B⁄LR NUVjRÙo

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˙RYo, ∫Y£kRÙU¶˚V CVt±]Ùo GuTo. S¨ Æ⁄jRm CYo CVt±V Ut˘\Ù⁄ ËXÙœm.

47

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� R™rd LÙl©VeLs œ±j’d œ±l◊ G›’eLs.

� Lm-T-WÙ-UÙ-VQm TÙPp EQoj-’m U≤-R-̇ S-Vd L⁄j˚R Æ[d° G›-’e-Ls.

� Au◊ Gu\ R˚Xl-©p J⁄ LÆ˚R G›-’e-Ls.

G›-Yo B˙]m

œL˘]Ù”m IYo B˙]m ÿu◊ ©u œufl „rYÙu

UL˘]Ù”m AflYWÙ˙]m Gmÿ˚Z Au©u YkR

AL]Uo LÙRp IV ®u˘]Ù”m G›Yo B˙]m

◊LX⁄eLÙ]m Rk’ ◊RpYWÙp ˘TÙ≠kRÙu ÷k˚R

Lm-T-WÙ-UÙ-VQm ˛ ŸjR LÙiPm

Æ¿PQu A˚PdLXl TPXm ˛ 448

LmTu

LpÆ´t ˘T¨VYu LmTu. LmTu ≈h”d Lh”jR±Ÿm LÆTÙ”m.

Gu˘\pXÙm YZeœm £\l◊j ˘RÙPoLs LmTu LÆjß\‡dœ

G”j’d-LÙh-”. R™›dœd Lß G]‹m LmTu ◊LZlThPÙo. CYo.

°.©. 12 Bm Ët\Ùi˚Pf NÙokRYo.

1. CXdLQÿ˚PV’

CXdLQ ˘S±ŸPu YZeœm ˘NÙtLs CXdLQÿ˚PV ˘NÙtLs Bœm.

2. CXdLQl ˙TÙ≠

CXdLQ ˘S±dœ UÙ\ÙL ÿu©u UÙ± C⁄l©‡m CXdLQÿ˚PV ˘NÙtL˚[l ˙TÙp

L⁄RlTh” NÙu˙\ÙoL[Ùp ˘RÙufl˘RÙh” YZeLlT”m ˘NÙtLs CXdLQl ˙TÙ≠VÙœm.

G.LÙ. ◊\SLo, ÿu±p, EXÙl◊\m

(Cpÿu GuT’ ÿu±p Guflm, SLol◊\m GuT’ ◊\SLo Guflm, ◊\‹XÙ GuT’

EXÙl◊\m Guflm UÙt± YZeLlT”°u\])

3. UÏE

£X ̆ NÙtLs ̆ RÙufl˘RÙh” Y⁄R≠u± C˚P´˙X £X˘Y›j’Ls ̆ Lh”m £X G›j’Ls

ߨk’m £X G›j’Ls ˙RÙu±Ÿm CXdLQjßu £˚Rk’ J⁄ ◊ßV Y•Ym ˘Ttfl U⁄Æ

YZeœ°u\]. C˚Y UÏEf ˘NÙtLs G]lT”m.

G.LÙ. A⁄UkR, ˙NÙQÙ”, Rg˚N

(A⁄U⁄kRu], ˙NÙZSÙ”, RgNÙÓo GuT] ÿ˚\˙V AYt±u Ei˚U Y•YeL[Ùœm)

48

Tu-…o UWe-L˙[!

Ui-¶p ÿ˚[jR Sh-Nj-ßW ˙U˚P-L˙[!

˘U¸]d LÆ-̊ R-L˙[!

˘NÙod-Lm RkR EeL-∞u £±V SÙRv-Y-Wl Èd-L˚[ Ae˙L Fß-V-Ys

Fo-Y-£˙VÙ?

Èf-—-̊ U-́ p ˙U]-̊ L ˙TÙp AZœ LÙh-”m øe-Ls...

Ufl-®-™-`˙U UXo-L-˚[l È™d-œf NUol-©j’ Æh” Æ—-YÙ-™j-ßW

˙Y`m ˙TÙ”-Y’ Hu?

YÙ]j-ß-≠-⁄k’ Eß-⁄m Sh-Nj-ßW Æ˚R-Ls E⁄-Ym ˘Ttfl Ui-¶p

UXokR ©\œ Ufl-T-•-Ÿm Eß-⁄-Y’ Hu?

Ee-Ls LÙnkR EP-¤m Li £™h-”m Èd-L-fim H˚Zd-œl Th-”j R˚Xl-

TÙ-˚L-˚Vd Lh-Pj ’•d-œm ◊Wh-£d-LÙ-Wo-L-∞u Gßo-LÙ-Xd L]-‹-L˚[

G]dœ ®˚]-Óh-”-°u-\-].

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VÙo ˘Nu-]’?

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AY-N-Wj ’•l-̇ TÙ” As∞ ≈—-°-»o-L˙[!

Ak-Rf £¨d-œm UXo-Ls £u]YV-ßp SÙu ˚Yj’ Æ˚[-VÙ-•V £±V

£±V UWl-TÙf£ ˘TÙm-̊ U-Ls.

øe-Ls LÙt-±p F’m YÙp ÿ˚[jR E™r-øo ÿh-̊ P-Ls.

YÙN-̊ ]-Ÿs[ YÙp Sh-Nj-ß-We-Ls! È™-́ u ˙Up CVt-̊ LjRÙn ˙TÙ”m

˙LÙ”-Ls Cp-XÙR ˙LÙXl-◊s-∞-Ls

C˚Xd-œ-[j-ß-≠-⁄k’ ’s-∞-Æ-›m UXo ¡u-Ls.

øe-Ls Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ F -̈¤m ©s-̊ [-VÙo ˙LÙÆ-≠u ©u-]Z-œ-Ls...

Ae-̆ Lp-XÙm Tu-…o-U-Xo-Ls J⁄ ©Wm-Uf-NÙ-̈ d-LÙL ÆR˚Y E˚P-́ p

Cd-LÙX Cu-—-̊ Y-Ls

Tu-…o UWe-Ls

49

◊ßV ˘Ru\p

SÙ. LÙUWÙNu

◊˚]ÆV≠u C˚ZL˙[Ù” ◊’dLÆ˚R ˘SN‹dœ YkR SÙ.LÙUWÙNu Ru

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’m˚TlÈf NkßWu, „≤Vm HkßV æTeLs, „¨Vu Áe°V ’⁄YeLs,

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YÙoj˚RL[Ùdœm LÆ˚Rd L˚X´p YpXYo.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ÈdL˚[ U≤R YÙrd˚L˙VÙ” Jl©h”f £flLh”˚W G›’eLs.

� TÙPl Tœß´p T´uflY⁄m EY˚Uj ˘RÙPoL˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

� "È' Gu\ R˚Xl©p J⁄ LÆ˚R G›’eLs.

®XÙ

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œ∞d-LÙ-Up ß⁄m-©-̇ ]u''

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Eßok-ß-⁄d-L-XÙm.

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È™dœ Yk-ß-⁄d-L-XÙm.

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K! Tu-…o UWeL˙[!

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1993Cp œ˚P´p ˙LhP ˙Tf— Ë˚X ˘Y∞´hPÙo.

50

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� NÍL AYXeL˚[ EQoj’m ’∞lTÙdL˚[j ˘RÙœj’d Lh”˚W G›’eLs.

� Ne-L-LÙX CXd-°-Ve-L-[Ù] Tj-’l-TÙh”, Gh-”j˘RÙ˚L Ët-L˚[ Y -̊̈ Nl-T-”j-’e-Ls.

� CXd-°-Ve-Ls LÙh-”m Nÿ-RÙ-Vm Gu\ R˚Xl-©p L⁄j-R-We-Ld Lh-”˚W G›-’e-Ls.

� Ts∞ CXd-°-V Uu\ NÙo©p LÆ-V-We-Lm S˚P-̆ T-fl-°-\-’. LÆ-V-W— ̊ YW-ÿj’ R˚X˚U

RÙe-œm Ck-®-Lr-£d-LÙ] A±-Æl◊ Jufl RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

� CPd-L-W-Pd-Lp, Ue-L-Xm C˚Y CWi-•t-œm ˙Yfl £X G”j-’-dLÙh-”-L˚[ G›-’e-Ls.

� "PV¨' Gu\ ˚a·d LÆR˚V YÙ£j’ SÙhœœ±l◊L∞u TVuLs Tt± £fl Lh”˚W

G›’eLs.

� „¨Vu Gu\ ˘NÙp˚Xdœ±dœm Tp˙Yfl ˘NÙtL˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

’∞lTÙ (˚a-·)

Ak-Rd LÙh-•p

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PV¨

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—YÙ-£d-œm

NP-Xm

˛ CWÙ. U´p-NÙ™

51

U≤R YÙr‹ CVp-TÙ] YÙr-Æ-Vp A‡-T-Ye-L-∞u ˘Y∞l-TÙh-”-Pu- Æ[eœ-

°-\-’. Sm Ui-¶u Ud-Ls CW-N˚] EQo-˙YÙ-”m NÍL Ad-L-˚\-Ÿ-P-‡m

YÙrk’ Yk-’s-[-]o. YÙrÆVp Sm-©d-̊ L-L-s, ≈Wj˚Rl ˙TÙt-±lTÙ”m Ti-◊,

CVt-̊ L-̇ VÙ” C˚VkR YÙr-d˚L. A‡-TY A±-YÙp ˘Tt\ U⁄j-’Y ÿ˚\-L-s

C˚YVÙ‹m YÙn-˘UÙ-Ø-VÙ-Ll TWÆ Cu-\-[-‹m Cm-Ui-¶p UQm ≈£d

˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°u-\-].

ÿRu-̊ Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

� SÙhPÙo YZdLÙflL∞u R≤jRu˚UL˚[Ÿm ·flL˚[Ÿm A±k’

G›’°\ÙoLs.

� TZ˘UÙØ, ˘TÙu˘UÙØ, Æ”L˚R, ’‘dœ ˙TÙu\Yt±u

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� SÙh”l◊\dL˚XL˚[ A±k’ ˘Y∞lT”j’°\ÙoLs.

� SÙh”l◊\dL˚XL˚[Ÿm ˘NqÆVp L˚XL˚[Ÿm Jl¿” ˘Nn’

Lh”˚W G›’°\ÙoLs.

52

Lt-T-̊ ]f £\œ

TÙh•´u ®˚]l◊

J⁄ °WÙUjßp J⁄ °ZÆ C⁄kRÙs. AY∞Pm

J⁄ ˙NYp C⁄kR’.

AkRf ˙NYp Æ•VtLÙ˚X´p G›k’ "˘LÙdL

Wd˙LÙ ˘LÙdLWd˙LÙ' Gufl ·‹m.

˙NYp ·ÆV’m °ZÆ G›k’ A”l˚Tl Tt\

˚YlTÙs.

Al˘TÙ›’ °WÙUjßp Es[YoLfim G›k’,

TÙh• ≈h”dœ Yk’ ˘S⁄l◊ YÙe°f ˘Nufl

ReLs ≈h•p A”l◊l Tt\ ˚YlTÙoLs.

ClT•j ß]ÿm SPlT’ YZdLm.

Ru‡˚PV ˙NYp C⁄lTRÙpRÙu °WÙU

UdLfidœl ˘TÙ›’ Æ•Y’ ˘R¨°\’. ˙U¤m

Ru ≈h•p A”l◊l Tt\˚YdLÙÆhPÙp,

AYoLs ˘S⁄l◊dœ Gu] ˘NnYÙoLs?

ClT• Ko GiQm ˙RÙu±V’ TÙh•dœ.

RÙ‡m ̇ NY¤m CpXÙÆhPÙp °WÙUj’ UdLs

Gu] TÙ”T”YÙoLs GuT˚Rl TÙodL ˙Yi

”m Gufl ®˚]j’, ˙NY˚X G”j’d˘LÙi”

J⁄Y¨Pÿm ˘NÙpXÙUp A”jR F⁄dœl

◊\lTh” ÆhPÙs °ZÆ.

UflSÙs LÙ˚X´p ˙NY¤m ·YÆp˚X TÙh•

˚VŸm LÙQÆp˚X.

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B]Ùp YZdLm ˙TÙp G›kRÙoLs. A”l◊l

Tt\ ˚YjRÙoLs.

53

Ik’ SÙhL[ÙLd °ZÆ TdLj’d °WÙUjß

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CpXÙUp GlT• N˚Ujß⁄lTÙoLs? Gufl

TXYÙfl Gi¶]Ùs.

Al˘TÙ›’ Aeœ YkR J⁄Yu, Gu] TÙh•!

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˘S⁄l◊ Íh• N˚Uj’f NÙl©hºoL[Ù? Gufl

AY≤Pm ˙LhPÙs °ZÆ.

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R]j˚Rd Li” £¨ £¨ Gufl £¨j’d ̆ LÙi”,

TÙh•! AkRd °WÙU˙U Eu ˙NY˚XŸm, Eu

˘S⁄l˚TŸm Sm©jRÙu C⁄d°\’ Gufl

®˚]jRÙVÙ? ø N¨VÙ] ˚TjßVdLÙWd °ZÆ!

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˛ÿp˚X ÿj˚RVÙ

ÿp˚Xÿj˚RVÙ (1920-˛2000)

J⁄ ËXÙ£¨VWÙL‹m TßlTÙ£¨VWÙL‹m Æ[e°VYo. CYo G›ßV

YÙrd˚L YWXÙtfl ËtLs TX. AYtfls ̆ To]Ùh`Ù YÙr‹m T¶Ÿm,

˙Y•d˚L U≤Ro ◊’˚Ul©jRu, EXL˙NÙß ◊jRo, S©Ls SÙVLm

N¨jßW ®Lrf£Ls ˙TÙu\˚Y œ±l©Pj RdL˚Y.

54

˘Ys∞j˙Ro Èh•

˘Ys∞d LXl˚T ˘LÙi”

Æ•LÙXm HoÈh•

ReLd LXl˚T ˘LÙi”

R¨—›Ll ˙TÙ]ÙWÙm!

UÙmTZj˚Rd ∏±

YV¤dœ EWm˙TÙh”

˙RuTÙnk’ ˘SpÆ˚[Ÿm

˘NpYÿ[Ùo ◊jßW˙]Ù!

˘Ys∞j˙Ro Èh•

˙ULm˙TÙp UÙ”Lh•

As∞l T•V[dœm

AßhPÿs[Ùo ◊jßW˙]Ù!

NmTÙ Æ˚RTÙÆ

L⁄œf NmTÙ SÙj’Æh”

©•j’ Æ˚RTÙÆ

˘T⁄eLPp æojRmYk’

YÙ¨ Æ˚RTÙÆ

˚Y˚LSßj æojRm Yk’

NWgNWUÙn ˘SpÆ˚[Ÿm

NÿjßWm˙TÙp ˙TÙo Hflm!

˘LÙj’d˘LÙjRÙn ˘SpÆ˚[Ÿm

˙LÙ◊Wm˙TÙp ˙TÙo Hflm

Lh”d LXmLÙ‘m

Lßo EZdœ ˘SpLÙ‘m!

54

55

A•j’l ˘TÙ≠Át\

A’‹m LXmLÙ‘m!

˘TÙu—[œ ˘LÙi”

˘TÙßÁt± ®tTÙWÙm!

˘TÙuUWdLÙp ˘LÙi”

˘TÙßV[k’ ®tTÙWÙm!

˛ ÿ.˚Y. AWÆkRu

� Ad°≤ U˚X´˙X LtÈW TÙQm ˘RÙ”jR’ ˙TÙX.

� B˚Xdœs ALlThP ˙NÙ˚Xd L⁄m◊˙TÙX.

� CWh˚Pl TP°p LÙp ˚YjRÙt ˙TÙX...

� D H± U˚X œ¤e°V˚Rl ˙TÙX.

� Eßd°u\ „¨Vu ÿu˙] J∞⁄m ™u™≤ ˙TÙX...

� F£˘LÙi” LPp „Zl TÙolT’ ˙TÙp....

� G¨°\ æ˚V Gi˘Qn Æh” A˚QdL ®˚]jRRÙt ˙TÙX....

� H\ ÆhP H¶˚V YÙeœ°\Ùo ˙TÙX...

� Ikßp Y˚[VÙR’ ImTßp Y˚[VÙ’.

� J⁄ TÙ˚]f ˙NÙtfldœ J⁄ ˙NÙfl TRm .

� Kh˚Pl TÙ˚]´p RiΩo ÆhP˚Rl ˙TÙX...

� J[˚Y YÙdœ ˘Nq˚Y YÙdœ .

ALWY¨˚Nl TZ˘UÙØLs

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� EY˚ULs TVuT”jRlTh”s[ TZ˘UÙØL˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

� C’-̇ TÙu\ TZ˘UÙØL˚[j ßWh• AL-W-Y-̈ -̊ NlT”j-ß G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� EZ-‹j ˘RÙØp ˘RÙPo-TÙ] TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L-̊ [-Ÿm ˘TÙu-̆ UÙ-Ø-L-̊ [-Ÿm ßWh-”e-Ls.

� Cl-TÙ-P-≠p CPm˘Tflm EZ-‹j ˘RÙØp ˘RÙPo-TÙ] ˘Nn-ß-L-̊ [d œ±l-TÙL G›-’e-Ls

� "˙LÙØ ·Æl ˘TÙ›’ Æ•Yßp˚X' Gu‡m TZ˘UÙØd˙LtTl TÙh•´u ®˚]l◊

Gu‡m L˚R A˚Uk’s[RpXYÙ? C’ ˙TÙu\ H˙R‡m TZ˘UÙØd˙LtTf £flL˚R

G›ß ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] R˚Xl©”eLs.

� TÙh•´u ®˚]l◊ Gu-\ £fl-L-̊ R˚V £fl SÙP-L-UÙL Y•-Y-UÙt-\m ˘Nn-Ÿe-Ls

56

≈Wm Æ˚[kR ®Xm

£YLe˚Lf ∫˚U´p SpXÙh£ ◊¨k’ ˘Ys˚[VoL˚[ Gßoj’ ≈WUWQm A˚PkR U⁄’

N˙LÙRWoL˚[l Tt±l TÙPlT”m TÙPp. SU’ ̇ NW Ui¶p U⁄’ N˙LÙRWoL∞s ≈Wm ̆ Y∞lT”m

TÙPp C’.

J∞T˚Pj RÆØ Ÿ˚PVÙo! ˘Sg£p

Eflß ˘LÙiP ’¶‹˚PVÙo!

L∞™ œkRCu ˘NÙp¤˚PVÙo! EPp

Lh”˚PVÙo! NÙk’l ˘TÙh”˚PVÙo!

Æsfi™l ©s˚[˙V ÍjR ULu˘TVo

˘Ys˚[ U⁄˘R]l ˙ToT˚PjRÙu!

˘Rs∞V ]Ùm CY‡dœ C˚[˙VÙ]Yu

£u] U⁄˘R]l ˙T˘W”jRÙu!

Au\kR ˙LW[ SÙh•≤ ˙XTß

]ÙflA• ˙Ye˚LJufl FoL∞˙X

˘Nu\Ù” UÙ”U ≤RoL˚[d ˘LÙufl

ßu\’ ˙LhPkR SÙhPWNu

™dL Y⁄kßCl ˙Tnl◊≠ ˚Vd˘LÙp¤m

≈W⁄d ˙LGeLs SÙh•≤˙X,

RdLNu UÙ]eLs Rkß” ˙YÙ™’

NjßV ˘Uu˙\Ùo A±d˚L ÆhPÙu!

U⁄’ TÙi•Vo L˚RlTÙPp

57

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� U⁄’ N˙LÙRWoLs Ti◊ SX˚]d œ±j’f £fl œ±l◊ G›’eLs.

� Ee-Ls YhPÙWj-ßp S˚P-˘T-flm LT-•l-˙TÙh-•˚V ˙SW• Y⁄-Q˚] ˘Nn’

G›-’e-Ls.

≈W˘W ]lTXo Yk’ Yk’ UkR

˙Ye˚Ldœ C˚WVÙ° ÆhP]WÙm!

æW U⁄’Ru Rm©ŸPu Ae˙L

˘Nu\kR ˙Ye˚L R˚]l©•j’

TkRÙ• ]u ARu YÙ˚Vd °ØjR]u

TÙojRYo GpXÙm S”S”eLj

RkRÙ ≤⁄l◊d LWeL∞ ]Ùpœj’j

RÙeLÙUp ˙Ye˚LŸm UÙiP’LÙi!

Cf˘NVp LiPkR ˙LW[ Uu]Yu

DPt\ ≈W£ LÙU¶øo

˘UfNj RœkRYo ¿U TXÿs[

˙YkR‡m ø˘W] YÙrjß]˙]!

-̨ Gv ƒXÙYß

æWu £u]U˚X

˙LÙ˚Y UÙYhPj˚R Bi”YkR £u]U˚X´u ≈Wj˚Rl ◊Lrk’ TÙ”m £u]U˚Xdœm™l

TÙ-Pp C’. ˘Ys˚[VoL˚[j Ru ≈WjRÙp ÆWh•V ≈Wu. æWu £u]U˚X Gu˙\

˙TÙt\lThPÙu.

£u]U˚X Y¨˘LÙ”dL Uflj’ ˘Ys˚[dLÙW‡Pu ˙TÙo◊¨VÆp˚X. ˘Ys˚[Vo

CkSÙh•p C⁄lT˚R˙V UfljRÙu. AYoL˚[ CkSÙh˚P Æh” KhP˙Y ˙TÙ¨hPÙu.

TXÿ˚\ Be°Xl ˘T⁄mT˚PLs Ag£VX±l ◊\eLÙh• K”mT• A•j’j ’Wjß]Ùu.

A•˚U YÙr˚Y A\˙Y ̆ YfljRÙu. £u]U˚X´u ≈WYWXÙfl C˚[OoLfidœ G›f£ Fh”m

YWXÙ\Ùœm.

58

◊XYo œZk˚R (1906˛1972)

CXdLQ CXd°Vl ˘T⁄m ◊XYo. CWÙU LÙÆVj’dœ UÙt\ÙL CWÙYQ LÙÆVm

TÙ•VYo.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� œm™lTÙP¤dœ Æ[dLm Rk’ ˙Yfl £X œm™lTÙPpL∞u ˘TVoL˚[

G›’eLs.

� æWu £u-]-U˚Xd œm-™l-TÙ-P˚Xf £fl-L-̊ R-VÙL J⁄ TdL A[-Æp G›-’e-Ls.

� æWu £u] U˚X´u YÙrd˚L˚Vf £fl SÙPLUÙL G›ß Yœl©p S•j’ LÙh”eLs.

Lh”j R•dLÙWo ÿu]PdLd L‹Pu

LfllT ˙No˚YŸm ©u]PdL

YhPl˘TÙh”dLÙWf £u] U˚XV˙RÙ

YÙW N‹¨Vm TÙ⁄eL•

ThPj’d Ljß T[T˘[]f ˘Np¤m

TÙ˚[Vd LÙWoLs ÿu]PdL

˘Yh”k’˚WULu £u]U˚XY⁄m

˙Y•d˚L Ru˚]Ÿm TÙ⁄eL•...

È˚]dœX˘U] ˘Ys˚[l T˚P˙VÙPl

Ȩj’ ≈Wl◊≠˙TÙXf

˙N˚]d LßTß £u]U˚XY⁄m

æWj˚R Yk’˙U TÙ⁄eL•

Lf˚N Lh”kR•dLÙWoL˙[ ˘Ys˚[d

LÙWo L˚[˘Veœd LiPÙ¤m

LÙ˚X˘VÙ•j’j ÁWj’eL˘[ufl˙U

LhP˚[´hPÙ]Ùm £u]U˚X

£u]U˚X ˘Y•dœi”dœj Rl©˙V

∫˚Ul T˚P´u œß˚W˘VpXÙm

Ju≤u ©u˘]Ùu]ÙLd œs[S¨˙TÙp

K” ˘UÙnVÙWj˚Rl TÙ⁄eL•

˛ ◊XYo œZk˚R

£u]U˚Xd œm™

59

˙SÙn ÿRpSÙ•

SÙh”l◊\ UdLs ReLs YÙrd˚L´p ˙SÙn

L˚[j æodL SÙs˙RÙflm ˚LVÙfim ÿ˚\

L˚[ SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Ym Gufl ·flYo.

≈”L∞p Es[ ÿßVYoLfim A‡TYNÙ≠

Lfim £\kR SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’YoL[ÙL Æ[eœ

°u\]o. U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\L˚[ YØYØVÙLf

˘NÆ YØVÙL˙Y A±kß⁄kR]o. TZdLÿm

T´t£ŸmRÙu CYoLfidœ CmU⁄j’Y

ÿ˚\´p £\kR TX˚]j RkR]. SÙh”l◊\e

L∞p SÙh” ˚YjßVm, ˚LU⁄j’Ym, ≈h”

˚YjßVm, ̊ L U⁄k’ ̊ YjßVm, TÙh• ̊ Yjß

Vm, Í≠˚L U⁄j’Ym Gufl TXYÙ\ÙLd œ±d-

Ll-T-”-°u-\-].

CkßV SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Yj˚Rl Tt± C’Y˚W

R™Øp ̆ T⁄mTÙXÙ] ËpLs ̆ Y∞Yk’s[].

B]Ùp AYtfls ˘T⁄mTÙXÙ] ËpL∞p

U⁄j’Yd œ±l◊L˙[ CPm ˘Ttfls[].

L.˘YeL˙PNu AYoL∞u, Bn‹ ˙SÙd°p

SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Ym Gu\ Ëp SÙh”l◊\

U⁄j’YeL˚[f ̆ NÙpXd ·•V SpX ËXÙœm.

SÙh”l◊\ UdLs ˘TÙ⁄[ÙRÙW YNß´p ™L‹m

RÙrkR ®˚X´p Es[YoLs. CYoLs G∞V

ÿ˚\´p œ˚\kR ˘NXÆp SÙh”l◊\ U⁄k

ß˚] Htfld˘LÙsYo.

°WÙUl◊\ UdL∞u TiTÙh˙PÙ”m, TZdL YZd

Lj˙RÙ”m NÍL A˚Ul˙TÙ”m C˚QkR J⁄

ÿ˚\RÙu SÙh-”l-◊\ U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\. UdL∞u

Sm©d˚Ld˙LtT U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\L˚[

˙Ut˘LÙiP]o. SÙh”l◊\ UdLs, EQ˙Y

U⁄k’, U⁄k˙R EQ‹ Gu\ ÿ˚\´p

YÙrd˚L˚V SPjß YkR]o. EP≠p ˙SÙn

YWÙUp R”dLf £X EQ‹ ÿ˚\L˚[Ÿm, £X

˙SÙnL˚[d œQlT”jR £X EQ‹ ÿ˚\

L˚[Ÿm ˙Ut˘LÙi” YkR]o.

SÙh”l◊\l TÙPpLfim, TZ˘UÙØLfim,

SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Yj˚Rl ◊XlT”j’m,

""EPm˘TpXÙm ˙SÙœRmUÙ? Li˙Q

E]dœ JjRPm ˘LÙ”dLh”UÙ?

HXÿm Cg£fNÙflm Li˙Q -E]dœ

Gh”f ˘NÙh” ˘LÙ”dLh”UÙ?''

Gufl TÙ•V TÙPXÙp, EPm◊ Y≠dœ HXÿm

Cg£fNÙflm Ht\ U⁄k’ GuT˚Rj ˘R¨k’

˚LVÙi”s[]o GuT˚R A±kR ˘LÙs[

ÿ•°\’.

SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Ym

60

◊∞ £±’ ˙Noj’f N˚Uj’d ˘LÙ”jRÙp,

T£´p˚X Gufl ˘NÙpXd ·•V ˘Ti‘m

Suœ NÙl©”YÙs GuT˚Rf ˘NÙp°\’.

T£˚Vj ÁiPd ·•V Ndß, ̆ TÙu]ÙeLi¶d

∏˚Wdœ Ei” GuT˚R ClTZ˘UÙØVÙp ·±

YkR]o. ClT•, GjR˚]˙VÙ TÙPpLfim,

TZ˘UÙØLfim SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Yj˚R SUdœf

˘NÙpXd·•VRÙn A˚Ukß⁄dœm.

Y⁄ÿu LÙlT’

˙SÙnLs A‘LÙUp C⁄dL UdLs ßhP™hP

TZdLj˚RŸm EQ˚YŸm L˚P©•j’ YkR]o.

LÙ˚X G›kR’m „¨V˚] YQe°d Li¶u

TÙo˚Y Ndß˚V ™œßlT”jß]o. EQ‹

EiP’m ˘Yt±˚X ˙TÙ”m TZdLj˚R

E˚PVYoL[ÙL C⁄kRÙoLs. EiP EQ‹

˘N¨dL, ClTZdLj˚Rd ˘LÙi•⁄kRÙoLs.

˙LÙ˚Pd LÙXeL∞p ÆVo˚YVÙp EPpSXm

TÙßdLlTPÙUp C⁄dL, ˘UÙh˚P A•jR]o.

œ∞of£ RWd·•V L≤Ls, LÙnLs, ÷eœ,

C[øo, ˘Ys[¨dLÙn, LmTg˙NÙfl CYt˚\

EQÆp ˙Noj’d ˘LÙiP]o.

""Y´j’ Y≠ APeL

˘Y¸d ˘Li˘Q ˙RndLh”UÙ?

„” R¶kßP˙Y

R˚Xdœj Ri¶ FjRh”UÙ?''

Gufl TÙ”m TÙPXÙp, Y´tfl Y≠ Gu\Ùp

Æ[d˘Li˘Q˚V Y´t±p ˙RnlTo.

EPm©p „” AßLm Gu\Ùp, R˚Xdœ

Gi˘Qn ˙Rnj’d œ∞j’ Æ”Yo. Cߤm

AWl◊ Gufl ˘NÙp¤m Tf˚N®\m ˘LÙiP

Á˚[j ˙RnlTo (AWl◊ UWm Gu\ J⁄Y˚L

UWm. AkR UWjßu C˚XL˚[d LÙV˚Yj’,

EW≠p C•j’, NpX˚P´p N≠j’ ˚Yj’d

˘LÙsYo. J⁄ Y⁄Pjßtœm C’ ˘Lh”l

˙TÙLÙ’. R˚Xdœ, Li‘dœd œ∞of£, `Ùm◊

÷˚WlT’ ˙TÙp CkR AWl◊j Á∞¤m ÷˚W

Y⁄m. R˚X ÿ• Th”˙TÙp C⁄dœm. Cuflm

°WÙUeL∞p SLWeL∞X C˚Rl TVuT”j’Yo.

SLol◊\eL∞p LÙß °WÙ˙UÙßV TYu L˚P´p

"AWl◊jÁs' ÆtLlT”°\’)

""˘TÙu]Ùe Li¶dœl

◊∞ Ft±f N˚UjRÙp

EiQÙl ˘Ti‘m

Ko EZdœ EiTÙs''

Gu\ TZ˘UÙØ ˘TÙu]ÙeLi¶d ∏˚W´p,

61

CVt˚L ˚YjßVm

CVt˚L´p °˚Pdœm Í≠˚L, RÙ’, C˚XLs,

˙YoLs, Æ˚RLs ˙TÙu\ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[f £X

˙SÙnLfidœ U⁄kRÙLl TVuT”jß]o.

CVt˚L U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\ U≤RoLs ˙RÙu±V

LÙXjß˙X˙V ˙RÙu±V’. U≤RoLfidœm

ÆXeœLfidœm CVt˚L U⁄j’Ym ˘NnVl

Th” YkR]. £X U⁄k’Ls Eh˘LÙsfim

U⁄kRÙL‹m £X U⁄k’Ls TÙßdLlThP

˘Y∞lTÙLeLfidœl È—m U⁄kRÙL‹m

TVuT”jß YkR]o.

Au◊s[ BR‡dœ,

Eu Au◊l TÙh• £YLÙ™ G›’m L•Rm. Eu AmUÙ G›ßV L•Rj˚R CWi” SÙsLfidœ

ÿu]oRÙu TÙoj˙Ru. ˙U ÿlTj˘RÙ⁄ SÙfim SÙu F¨p Cp˚X. LPkR Tu≤Wi” SÙsL[ÙL

™œßVÙ] ˙Y˚X´⁄kR’. G]˙Y EP˙] Tßp G›R ÿ•VÆp˚X.

CqÆPm SÙu, Eu RÙjRÙ, Aj˚R, UÙUÙ

VÙØ≤ B°˙VÙo SXUÙL C⁄d°˙\Ùm. øŸm

Eu ˘Tt˙\ÙoLfim SXUÙL C⁄l¿oLs G]

Sm◊°˙\u. E]dœ A•dL• LÙnfNp, N∞

˙TÙu\ EPp SXdœ˚\‹ Y⁄YRÙL AmUÙ

G›ß´⁄kRÙo. EPp SXm ˙T‘RtLÙ] £X

U⁄k’L˚[f ˘NÙp¤°˙\u.

R™r U⁄j’Ym Tt± ø ˙LsÆlTh•⁄lTÙn.

Ti˚Pd LÙXjßp YÙrkR £jRoLs CkR

U⁄j’Ym Tt±d ·±Ÿs[]o. BRXÙp C’

£jR U⁄j’Ym G] A˚ZdLlT”°\’.

20, TÙ˚\V• 2 BY’ ˘R⁄

˘RuLÙ£ ˛ 627811

„u ˛ 13, 2003

SÙh”l◊\ UdLs Jq˘YÙ⁄ ˙SÙndœm

ARt˙Lt\ U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\L˚[d L˚P©•j’

YkR]o. SÙh”l◊\ U⁄j’Yj˚Rl Tt±

Sm©d˚LŸm ˘LÙi•⁄kR]o. CkR Sm©d˚L

AYoLfi˚PV YÙr˙YÙ” C˚Qk’ LÙQl

ThP’. ˙SÙn YWÙUp LÙlT˙R AYoLfi˚PV

EQ‹l TZdLUÙL‹m C⁄kR’. U]dLh”l

TÙh”P‡m, YÙndLh”lTÙh”P‡m C⁄k’

CVt˚L U⁄j’Yj˚Rd ˚LVÙi” YkR]o.

˛ ÿ˚]-Yo Æ_VXh-—™ CWÙ-U-NÙ™

61

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ˙SÙnj ˘RÙPo-TÙ-] ß⁄dœ-œ-\s, TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø, Æ”-L-̊ R-L-̊ [j ˘RÙœj’ G›-’e-Ls.

� SÙh-”l-◊\ U⁄j-’-Y-̈ -Pm ˙Th-•d-LÙi-T-Rt-LÙL Æ]Ù-®Wp RVÙ -̈Ÿe-Ls

R™r U⁄j’Ym

62

£jRoLs TXo YÙrkR]o. G≤‡m Tߢ]h”f

£jRoLs G‡m YZdœ Ei”.

E]dœ AqYl˙TÙ’ ˙R˚YlT”m U⁄k’Ls

Tt± CdL•jßp ·fl°˙\u. ˙R˚YlT”m

˙TÙ’ ø˙VÙ Eu AmUÙ˙YÙ RVÙ¨dLXÙm.

C˚Y G∞RÙLj RVÙ¨dLd ·•V]YÙœm.

E]dœ AqYl˙TÙ’m Y⁄m EPp˘RÙp˚X

Lfis Jufl LÙnfNp. LÙnfN¤dœ GiT’dœ

˙UtThP U⁄k’Ls Es[]. G∞RÙLj

RVÙ¨dLd ·•V U⁄k˚Rf ˘NÙp¤°˙\u.

’[£ ImT’ C˚XLs, ™[œ C⁄T’ B°V

Yt˚\ G”j’d ˘LÙs[‹m. CYt˚\j ÁV

ø¨p L›Æ DWm ˙TÙL EXoj’. CqÆWi˚P

Ÿm ̊ UV A˚Wj’ G”j’d˘LÙs. A˚WjR˚Rl

T´fl A[‹ £fl £fl UÙjß˚WL[ÙL EXoj’.

Cm UÙjß˚WL∞p Jq˘YÙufl LÙ˚X, UÙ˚X

C⁄ ̇ Y˚[L∞¤m ̆ Ykø⁄Pu Eh˘LÙiPÙp

LÙnfNp œQUÙœm.

E]dœ A•dL• ˘RÙp˚X R⁄Y’ N∞. N∞j

˘RÙp˚XVÙp Íf—j ßQ\p HtT”m. N∞

™œkRÙp LÙnfN¤m HtTPXÙm. Cj˘RÙp˚X

L∞≠⁄k’ Æ”TP G∞˚UVÙLj RVÙ¨dLd

·•V U⁄k’L˚[d ·fl°˙\u.

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—dœ ˛ 5 °WÙm

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N∞d LÙnfNp øeœm. LtÈWYp≠ C˚XL∞u

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˘LÙs. AYt˚\d œ•øWÙd°d œ•jRÙ¤m N∞

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16, Au-T-Lm

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SÙuœ ̇ Y˚[ Cm U⁄k˚Rf NÙl©P ̇ Yi”m.

ø K• B”m˙TÙ’ ∏˙Z Æ›k’ LÙVm HtTP

˙S⁄m. LÙVj˚R Btflm U⁄k˚RŸm ˘R¨k’

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¶\l TÙp Y⁄m. A’‹m LÙVj˚R Btflm

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LÙVjßp ChPÙp LÙVmThP ◊i Æ˚WÆp

Bflm. C’ Sf—j R˚PVÙL‹m ˘NVpT”m.

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˘LÙs[‹m. ˙R˚YVÙ] ˙TÙ’ TVuT”jRXÙm.

YÙrj’LfiPu

Eu Au◊s[ TÙh•,

£YLÙ™

63

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� ÿ˚\VÙ] U⁄j’Ym ˘T\ÙUp EPpSXm TÙßdLlThP Eu SiT‡dœNf N¨VÙ]

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� Cu-˚\V YÙr˚Lf „Z-¤dœl ˘TÙ⁄j-R-UÙ-]’ SÙh-”l-◊-\-U-⁄j-’-YUÙ? Be-°X

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L”œ U⁄kRÙ? Æ`UÙ?

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X-˚\-L-∞p ÿRp U¨-VÙ-˚R-˙VÙ” AUok’

˘LÙi-•-⁄l-T-’ RÙu L”-œ. Gk-Rl ˘TÙ⁄˚[j

RÙ∞dLf ˘Nn-RÙ-¤m Gi-̆ Qn LÙnk-R-‹-Pu

ÿR-≠p ˙TÙn Æ›-Y’ L”œ RÙu. ARtœl

©\œ RÙu Ut-\˚Y GpXÙm.

LÙXm LÙX-UÙL SÙm L”˚L EQ-Æp TVu

-T-”jß Yk-RÙ-¤m L”°u Ru-˚U-Ls Tt±

SUdœ AßLUÙ-Lj ̆ R -̈VÙ-’. L”œ £flj-RÙ-¤m

LÙWm ˙TÙLÙ’ Gu-°\ TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-́ p C⁄k’

L”œ LÙWj-Ru˚U ˘LÙi-P’ Gu-T˚R

Uh”˙U A±k’ ˚Yj-ß-⁄d-°-̇ \Ùm. CRtœ

˙Up L”-̊ Ll Tt± SUdœ Ju-flm ˘R -̈VÙ-’.

CRt-œd LÙW-Qm ™Ld œ˚\kR A[˙Y SÙm

C˚Rl TVu-T-”j-’-Y-RÙ-¤m ·P C⁄d-L-XÙm.

L”-œdœ TX ÿLe-Ls C⁄d-°u-\-]. Cßp

SpX œQe-L-fim Ei-”. G]˙Y L”œ

Æ -̀Vj-ßp LY-]-UÙL C⁄l-T˙R Sp-X-’.

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� SU’ —tfll◊\ Í≠˚LL˚[l TÙ’LÙdœm YiQm ’i”l ©W—Wm Ju˚\j RVÙo ̆ NnL.

� SÙh”l◊\l TÙP≠p T´ufls[ ̇ Tf—˘UÙØdœ C˚QVÙ] G›j’˘UÙØf ̆ NÙt-L˚[

G›’eLs.

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U⁄j’Y CRr ˘Y∞´”e-Ls.

� ˘Ys∞j˙Ro Èh• Gu\ RÙXÙh”l TÙP≠p Y⁄m EY˚UL˚[f —h• C’˙TÙu\

©\ EY˚UL˚[Ÿm LiP±k’ G›’eLs.

� Æ˚[VÙh”l TÙPpL˚[j ˘RÙœj’f £fl Ëp RVÙ¨j’ ˘Y∞´”eLs.

—dœ Up≠ LÙl©

—dœ, Up≠˚V A˚]Y⁄m A±kß⁄l¿oLs. £±R[‹ —dœm

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˚Yj’ T˚]˘YpXm LXk’ TÙp CpXÙUp ß]ÿm

UÙ˚X˙Y˚[´p œ•dLXÙm. CR]Ùp ˘Sg£p EiPÙLd

·•V N∞ Æ˚WÆp L˚WŸm. N∞˚Vf ˙NW ÆPÙ’. N∞

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64

ÁV U]jß≤ufl ̆ Y∞lT”m Eu]R EQo˙Y U≤R ̇ SVm. CpXÙ’ Y⁄k’m

U≤Rodœ Jufl A∞dLlT”m ˘TÙ›’ A’ C˚\Y˚]f ˘Nu\˚P°\’

Gu°\Ùo ß⁄ÍXo. U≤RoL˚[ Uh”™u±l ©\ E´oL˚[Ÿm Ru‡´o ˙TÙp

L⁄’Y˙R U≤R ˙SVm.

ÿRu-̊ Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls :

� T˚Pl©Xd°VeL∞p Cu˚\V YÙrd˚Lf „Z˚XŸm

©Wf£˚]L˚[Ÿm ˘TÙ⁄jßl TÙoj’ G›’°\ÙoLs.

� RWlTh”s[ R˚Xl©t˙LtTf ˘NÙt˘TÙØ‹ œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

� NÍL ˙UmTÙh•p UÙQYoL∞u Te°˚]f —t±dLÙh• G›’°\ÙoLs.

� TÙPlTœß LÙh”m StL⁄j’L˚[ EsYÙe°, ARt˙LtTf

˘NVpT”°\ÙoLs, G›j’Y•Æp ©\⁄dœ EQoj’°\ÙoLs.

65

¨d`ÙdLÙW U⁄˚RVÙ‹dœl Èo≈Lm ˘Ru]Ùt

LÙ” ¥pXÙ˚Yf ˙NokR Æd°WYÙi•.

LpVÙQm Lh•d˘LÙiP CWi” Y⁄`jßt

˘LpXÙm ˘TiNÙß˙VÙ” HtThP NfNW˚Yf

NÙdLÙL ˚Yj’d ˘LÙi” Ht˘L]˙Y Ru

Es[j˚Rd LYokß⁄kR ˘L¸WY Xh£VUÙ]

™≠hP¨´p ̇ Nok’ CWi” Y⁄`jßtœl ©u

˚L´p CWi” Ëfl ÏTÙn ˘WÙdLj’Pu

Æd°WYÙi•d˙L ß⁄m© Yk’ T˚ZV

U⁄˚RVÙYÙL˙Y LÙXm LØj’ YkRÙu.

Gu]RÙu C⁄kRÙ¤m AkR YÙ]m TÙojR

È™´p AY]Ùp YÙrd˚L SPjR ÿ•V

Æp˚X. L˚P£´p ˚L´≠⁄kR £X Tj’

ÏTÙnL˚[ ˚Yj’d ˘LÙi” Gu] "©£uv'

SPjßl ©˚Zj’ ÆPXÙ˘Uufl ®˚]jRÙ˙]Ù?

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Yk’ ˙NokRÙu.

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C⁄kR’. ÿVt£Ls VÙ‹m ÆVojRUÙ´].

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RÙo˙WÙh•p ÆVo˚Yj ’∞Ls £kßj ˘R±dL

K• K• E˚ZjRÙu; NmTÙßjRÙu.

G›mÈo W´p˙Y v˙P`u A⁄˙L ˙UmTÙ

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AYu œ”mTm SPjß]Ùu.. . . AY˚]l

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Aeœ YÙrkR]o.

AYu U˚]Æ ÈeLÙY]j’dœ Uh”m £t£X

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˚LŸm, ClT• UWjR•´p LÙnf£d œ•dL

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˙Y˘Xu‡ ̇ Y˙\ Ji‘m G]dœj ̇ RÙQ˙X...

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Lp¤dœs DWm

—˚U ˙TRm

66

SmU ˙Y˘X... ˙Y˘\ Gu]PÙ ˙Y‘m....''

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A˚Zl◊ Æ”jRÙs ÈeLÙY]m.

A¤™≤Vm Rh•≠⁄kR T˚ZV ˙NÙj˚Rf

NÙl©h”d ˘LÙi˙P ˘NÙu]Ùu U⁄˚R :

""˙RÙ... TÙ⁄PÙ UfNÙu.... CkRd LÙXjß˙X GkR

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Óh˙X Cu‡m ˘Wi” Yi• ◊’NÙ Y⁄’.....

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" "˙N. . . ˙N. . . . SÙ UÙh˙Pu; YkR YØ˘Vl

TÙoj’d°‡ F⁄dœl ˙TÙ˙\u.''

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œ”d°˙\... Gu]˙UÙ YkRÙu... ̆ Wi” SÙfidœ

C⁄k’h”l ˙TÙ\Ùu'' Gufl Ru Rm©dœl

T¨k’ ˙T£]Ùu ÈeLÙY]m.

""˙Pn.. UfNÙu, Ge·P Yo¨VÙ ThPQ˘UpXÙm

—jßd LÙh˙\u, Em... øRÙu WÙjߨdœ F⁄dœl

˙TÙ±˙V; N¨. . . Hfl Yi•´˙X AkRl

TdLmRÙu ˙TÙ˙\u....''

""∫... Gu˘] JdLÙW˘Yf£ UÙUu C›d°\RÙ?''

Gufl ®˚]j’f ˘NpXlTu RVe°]Ùu

""˙YQÙm... SÙ SPk˙R Yo˙\u.....''

""˙P... HoWÙ... Gk˘RkRl TNeL˘[˘VpXÙm SÙ

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Yi•´p H± EhLÙ⁄m˘TÙ›’ ̆ NpXlT‡dœ

EPp œu± Es[˘UpXÙm ·£V’.

"˚Xh a‹v' TÙodL ˘NpXlT˚] Æh”Æh”

ARtœs Ge˙LÙ J⁄ NYÙ¨ ˙TÙnÆh”

¡i”m ˚a˙LÙoh A⁄˙L UWjR•´p Yk’

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˙TlT¨p TÙo˚Y˚V Kh•]Ùo AkR BNÙ™.

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67

""A’ Gu]Ù NÙ™ GlTl TÙojRÙ¤m ClT•l

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J^jßVÙ? ˘NÙp¤ NÙ¡...''

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LÙh•Ÿm UhPUÙYÙ ÈhPÙu? UÙ” Y≠d°\

˘ReLÙh•Ÿm œß˚W Yi• J^jß]Ù, U‡`u

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˚Xh A‹^˜dœs∞≠⁄k’ ˘NpXlT‡m

Yk’ÆhPÙu.

˘NpXlT˚] Ht±d˘LÙi” AYu ◊\lThP

˙SWjßp, ""H! ¨d`Ù'' Gu\ œWp ˙Lh”j

ß⁄m©]Ùu.

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68

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"T∞f' ˘N]d ·±]Ùu ˘NpXlTu.

U⁄˚RVÙ NlRm ˙TÙh”f £¨jRÙu.

UflSÙ∞≠⁄k’ ˘NpXlT‡m, Ru UÙU˚]l

˙TÙX˙Y "¨d`Ù Y≠dL' BWm©j’ÆhPÙu!

RÙo ˙WÙh•p ÆVo˚Yj ’∞Ls £kßj˘R±dL

K• K• E˚ZjRÙu. BUÙm. AYu ALWÙßl

T• ¨d`Ù˚Y C›jRÙp U≤Ru RÙu.. . .

¨d`ÙÆp NYÙ¨ ˘NnTYoL˚[l Tt±

AY‡dœd LY˚X´p˚X.

˛ ˘_VLÙkRu

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� ""AlT•u]Ù U‡Nu UÙh˚PŸm œß˚W˚VŸm LÙh•Ÿm UhPUÙYÙ ÈhPÙu? UÙ”

Y≠d°\ ˘ReLÙh•Ÿm œß˚W Yi• J^jß]Ù, U‡`u CvL\ Yi•

GpXÙjßVeLÙh•Ÿm J^jß Cp≠V NÙ¡...'' AkR U≤R⁄dœl Tßp ˘NÙpX

ÿ•VÆp˚X... £¨jRÙo. Gu‡m L˚RlTœß˚Vj ÁV R™Øp G›’eLs.

� "U≤R ˙SVm UÙ≤Pj˚R UÙi◊\f ˘NnŸm' Gu\ R˚Xl©p Tjߨ˚L R˚XVeLm

G›’eLs.

� ¨d`ÙdLÙW U⁄˚RVÙÆu TÙjßWlT˚Pl˚T Bn‹ ˘Nn’ ÆUoN]d œ±l◊

G›’eLs.

˘_VLÙkRu

Cu˚\V R™rf£flL˚R´u Ht\j’dœ ˘_VLÙkR≤u L˚RLs

˘T⁄U[‹ ERÆŸs[]. GRÙojR EX°u œÏW TVeLWeL˚[Ÿm,

NÿRÙVjßu C⁄iP Í˚XL˚[Ÿm ˘_VLÙkR≤u £flL˚Rf NÙh˚P

TRm TÙoj’s[’. C≤l◊m L¨l◊m, J⁄ ©•˙NÙfl, ˙RYu Y⁄YÙWÙ?,

—˚URÙe°, ŸLNkß, Ei˚U —”m, ◊ßV YÙol◊Ls ÿR≠V £flL˚Rj

˘RÙœl◊Ls C⁄˘T⁄m ÿ›j˘RÙœl◊L[ÙL ˘Y∞Yk’s[]. £\kR

SÙY-XÙ-£-̈ -Vo BYÙo. NÙ°j-ßV Ad-LÙ-R-™-́ u OÙ]-¿Pm Æ⁄’ ˘Tt-\-Yo.

69

EXLm ◊Lr˘T¨˙VÙu ˛ CkR

E˚W´˚]d ˙LhPkSÙs

AX°p L⁄˚Q´]Ùp ˛ ˘NÙu]

AÿR ˘UÙØC’YÙm.

CPo Y⁄m˙TÙ’m ˛ Es[m

CWe° ”m˙TÙ’m

EPu© \kRYo˙TÙp ˛ UÙkRo

E\‹ ˘LÙsYoAlTÙ!

K”m EßWjßp ˛ Y•k’

J›œm LiΩ¨p

˙R•lTÙojRÙ¤m ˛ NÙß

˘R¨Y ’i˙PÙAlTÙ?

GYoE Pm©≤¤m ˛ £Yl˙T

CWjR ®\UlTÙ!

GYoÆ Øøodœm ˛ EYol˙T

CVt˚Ld œQUlTÙ!

©\l© ]ÙpGYodœm ˛ EX°p

˘T⁄˚U YÙWÙRlTÙ!

£\l◊ ˙Yi”˘U≤p ˛ SpX

˘Nn˚L ˙Yi”UlTÙ!

Su˚U ˘NnTY˙W ˛ EXLm

SÙ”m ˙UtœXjRÙo

ßu˚U ˘NnTY˙W ˛ Ai•j

æiP JiQÙRÙo.

-̨ LÆU¶

◊jR⁄m H˚Zf £flY‡m

(AWiU˚]˚V Æh” ˘Y∞˙V±V ◊jRo, YØSPkR L˚[lTÙp K¨Pjßp ˙NÙok’ °PkRÙo.

AY˚Wd LiP BVo œXf £flYu J⁄Yu, Ru RÙrkR œ•l ©\l˚T Gi¶d LXVjßp TÙp

L\k’ AY⁄dœd ˘LÙ”dLj RVe°]Ùu. Ak˙SWm ©\l©]Ùp EVo‹ RÙr‹ TÙWÙhPd ·PÙ’

Gufl ◊jRo AY‡dœl ˙TÙßjR YWXÙfl Ceœd ·\lT”°\’)

◊jRo A±‹˚W

70

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� B£V˙_Ùß G‡m Ë≠u B£¨Vo LÆU¶ ̇ R£LÆSÙVLm©s˚[. 206 TdLeL˚[d

˘LÙiP CkËp ˘NnŸs Y˚L˚Vf ˙NokR’. CRu Æ˚X Ï.200. C’ Æ_VÙ

TßlTLjRÙp ˘Y∞´PlThP’. CR˚] ËX˚P‹ ˘NnL.

� ◊jR¨u A±‹˚W Gu\ LÆ˚R´u ˘TÙ⁄˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

� ClTÙP¤dLÙ] ˚UVd L⁄j˚Rf —h• SVm TÙWÙh”eLs.

� øeLs TÙojR ApX’ ̆ NnR U≤R˙SVf ̆ NVpTt± J⁄ A‡TYd œ±l◊ G›’eLs.

� U≤R ˙SVj˚R EQoj’m ˘NnßL˚[f ˙NL¨j’ CRr Jufl RVÙo˘Nn’

˘Y∞´”eLs.

LÆU¶ ˙R£L ÆSÙVm ©s˚[ (1876˛1954)

Lu≤VÙœU¨ UÙYhPm ˙RϨp ©\kRYo. A˚Uߟm, ˘Uu˚UŸm

RY›m CYW’ LÆ˚RLs £flYo CXd°Vj’dLÙLf £\l◊Pu ®˚]‹

·\lT”T˚Y. CY⁄˚PV ÿd°V ËpLs UX⁄m UÙ˚XŸm, B£V ̇ _Ùß,

SÙg£p SÙh” U⁄UdLs YØ UÙu™Vm, EUoLnVÙm B°V]YÙœm.

71

˘SgNm U\lTßp˚X

I˙WÙlTÙ LiPjßp Ap˙T≤V SÙh•p

vLÙl£ Gu\ £tÒ¨p 1910Bm Bi”

BLv” UÙRm 27Bm SÙs NÙRÙWQ œ”m

Tjßp ˘RWNÙ ©\kRÙo. ˘RWNÙ‹dœl ˘Tt˙\Ùo

„h•V ˘TVo "Bd]v LÙuvLÙ' GuTRÙœm.

Bd]v ˘RÙPdLdLpÆ˚V "˙NdWh aÙoh

Nof' BWmTlTs∞´p Lt\Ùs. AlTs∞´p

T´u\ H˚ZdœZk˚RLfidœl TÙߨVÙoLs

LpÆŸPu EQ‹m E˚PŸm ˘LÙ”j’

BR¨jR˚R Bd]v TÙojRÙs. UÙQÆVÙL

C⁄kR ˙TÙ˙R °±jRY Uu\m Ju±p

Efll©]WÙL‹m ˙NokRÙs. H˚ZLfidœj

˘RÙi” ◊¨V ˙Yi”m Gu\ BoYm

Bd]v U]jßp Æ˚RdLlThP’ CkR

˙SWjßpRÙu.

Î˙LÙv˙XÆVÙÆ≠⁄k’ A‡lTlThP

˘_„h TÙߨVÙoLs CkßVÙÆp Yfl˚UVÙ¤m,

˙SÙVÙ¤m YÙ•´⁄kR YeLÙ[ UdLfidœj

˘RÙi” ◊¨k’ ˘LÙi•⁄kR]o. AYoLs SÙ”

ß⁄m©V ˙TÙ’ LpLjRÙÆp Es[ ˙XÙ˘WhPÙ

Lu≤Vo UPj˚Rl Tt± Bd]≥Pm ˘R¨Æj

R]o. CkR UPjßu R˚X˚UVLm AVoXÙkßu

R˚XSLWÙ] Pl∞≤p C⁄kR’. YeLÙ[jßtœf

˙N˚Y ◊¨Vf ˘Np¤m Lu≤UÙoL∞p

J⁄YWÙLf ˙Nok’˘LÙs[ Bd]v Eflß

ÈiPÙo.

Au˚] ˘RWNÙ

1928Bm Bi” Bd]—dœl Tߢ]h” YV’

®˚\‹t\’. 1928 SYmTo 28Bm SÙs ÿRp

Pl∞u, WÙj@TÙuaÙm B°V SLWeL∞p

C⁄kR ˙XÙ˘Wh˙PÙ Lu≤ UPeL∞p ’\‹

®˚Xl T´t£˚Vj ’Ye°]Ùo. —UÙo CWi”

UÙReLs T´t£ A∞dLlThP’.

1928 Bm Bi” •NmTo UÙRm CkßVÙ‹dœd

LlT≠p TVQm ˙Ut˘LÙiPÙo Bd]v.

AYW’ LlTp TVQjßu ˙TÙ˙R ◊jRÙi”

1929 Bm Bi” ©\kR’.

˘LÙpLjRÙ SLWm YkR Bd]v Aeœf £X

SÙhLs Re°´⁄kRÙo. SL¨p AYo LiP

˘LÙ”˚UVÙ] TgNm, T£VÙ¤m, ˙SÙVÙ¤m

YÙ•d °Pdœm ˘R⁄˙YÙWd œZk˚RLs,

˘RÙtfl˙SÙVÙp TÙßdLlThP œ•˚NYÙ£Ls,

CYt˚\˘VpXÙm Li‘t\ Bd]v U]m

˙YR˚]V˚PkRÙo.

Bd]v 1929 Bm Bi” _]Y¨ 11 Bm SÙs

PÙo¥≠e A‡lTlThPÙo. Ceœs[ ’\‹l

T´t£l Ts∞´p C⁄ Bi”Ls °±jRY URd

LpÆŸm, B£¨Vl T´t£Ÿm ̆ Tt\Ùo. 1931 Bm

Bi” ̇ U UÙRm 24 Bm SÙs °±jRY NUVjßu

UW◊lT• ˘Ti ’\ÆVÙL EflߢUÙØ G”j’d

˘LÙiPÙo Bd]v. Al˙TÙ’ R]’ ̆ TV¨˚]f

N˙LÙR¨ ˘RWNÙ Gufl UÙt±d ˘LÙiPÙo.

72

˘LÙpLjRÙ ◊\SLo TœßVÙ] GiPp≠´p

C⁄kR ◊≤R ˙U¨ UL∞o Ts∞´p T¶◊¨V

N˙LÙR¨ ˘RWNÙ A‡lTlThPÙo. AkRl

T¶´˚] ™L‹m £\lTÙLf ˘NnRÙo ˘RWNÙ.

1937Bm Bi” ˘RWNÙ AkRl Ts∞´u

R˚X˚U B£¨˚VVÙLl TRÆ EVo‹ ˘Tt\Ùo.

AY⁄˚PV Ts∞dœ A⁄°˙X˙V H˚ZLs

YÙ›m —LÙRÙWUt\ ˙UÙߥp Gu‡m œ•˚Nl

Tœß˚Vl TÙoj’ Es[m ˙YR˚] ˘LÙiPÙo.

H˚ZLfidœ SmUÙp CVu\ ˘RÙi˚P

Hu ˘NnVd·PÙ’? Gufl AYo £kßdLj

˘RÙPe°]Ùo.

1948Bm Bi” BLvh UÙRm 16 Bm SÙs

˘RWÙNÙ ˙a˘WhP¨ Lu≤UPj˚R Æh”

˘Y∞˙V±]Ùo. ¿LÙ¨u R˚XSLWUÙ] TÙh]ÙÆp

Es[ ˘N´ih @˙T™≠ U⁄j’YU˚]´p

ÿR¤RÆ ◊¨Rp, ◊i˚Qd L›Æ U⁄k’

˙TÙ”Rp ÿR≠V A•lT˚Pl T¶L∞p T´t£

˘Tt\Ùo. Ae°⁄kR ˘NÆ≠Vo T´t£

®˚XVjߤm AYo —UÙo Íufl UÙReLs

A•lT˚P U⁄j’Yl T´t£´˚]l ˘Tt\Ùo.

N˙LÙR¨ ˘RWNÙ Au˚] ˘RWNÙ G] A˚ZdLl

ThPÙo.

1948 Bm Bi” •NmTo 9Bm SÙs

˘LÙpLjRÙ Yk’ ˙NokRÙo ˘RWNÙ. AYo

˙UÙߥp Tœß´p RÙu R]’ ÿRp ˙N˚Y

˚Vj ˘RÙPe°]Ùo.

SÙhLs ̆ NpXf˘NpX SpX Es[m T˚Pj˙RÙo

RÙeL[ÙL˙Y ÿu Yk’ ®ßŸRÆL˚[ YZe

°]o. TLp ÿ›Y’m œ•˚NlTœß´p LpÆl

T¶Ÿm, U⁄j’YlT¶Ÿm ˘Nn’ YkR

Au˚]dœj ReœYRtœ YNßVÙ] CPm

˙R˚YlThP’.

TÙߨVÙo ˘au±dœ ˚Ud˙Lp ˙LÙmv Gu\

˘NpYkR¨u UÙ•≈” ˘LÙpLjRÙÆu ˚UVl

Tœß´p C⁄lT’ ˘R¨Ÿm. CkR ≈h•u

CWiPÙY’ UÙ•˚Vl TÙߨVÙo Au˚]dœ

HtTÙ” ˘Nn’ ˘LÙ”jRÙo. Ae˙L œ•˙V±]Ùo

Au˚] ˘RWNÙ. Au˚]dœ ERÆVÙLl

Tu≤Wi” Lu≤Vo Yk’ ˙NokR]o.

1950Bm Bi” Au˚] ˘RWNÙYÙp

˘LÙpLjRÙÆp "™`]¨v Bl ˙N¨h•' Gu\

A\dLhP˚[ CVdLm ˘RÙPeLlThP’.

Au˚]´u ˘RÙi” J⁄ œ±l©hP ’˚\´p

Uh”m APeœY’ Aufl. A’ TuÿLj

Ru˚U ˘LÙiP’. H˚Zd œZk˚RLfidœd

LpÆ A±‹ ◊LhPp, ßdLt\ œZk˚RLs

LÙlTLm, CWl˙TÙo SX CpXm, ÿß˙VÙo

LÙlTLm, ˘RÙ› ˙SÙVo CpXm Gufl

NÿRÙVjßp BRWYt\ A]Ù˚RLfidœj

’˚QVÙn C⁄k’ TÙ’LÙj’ YkRÙo.

1971Bm Bi” S˚P˘Tt\ YeL˙RNl

©¨Æ˚]´u ˙TÙ’ °Zdœ TÙ°vRÙ≤≠⁄k’

XhNdLQdLÙ] ALßLs ˘LÙpLjRÙÆp

œÆkR]o. ALßLs ÿLÙ˚U TÙo˚Y´P YkR

73

A˘U¨dL ̆ N]hPo GhYoh ̆ Lu]• Au˚]

VÙ¨u A\dLhP˚[dœ J⁄ XhN ÏTÙn

Su˘LÙ˚P YZe°]Ùo.

CWl˙TÙo SX CpXm ̆ RÙPe°V 1954 ÿRp 1980

Y˚W —UÙo 35,000 dœm ˙UtThP ÿß˙VÙo

Lfidœ CkR CpXjßp TÙ’LÙl◊m £°f˚NŸm

˘LÙ”dLlTh•⁄kR]. Cßp TÙß ˙To ˙SÙn

ÿt±V ®˚X´p CVt˚L Gnß]o.

EX°p Es[ ˘RÙ›˙SÙVÙ∞L∞p Ikßp J⁄

Tœß´]o H˚ZSÙPÙ] CkßVÙÆp Y£d

°u\]o. H˚ZLs YÙ›m œ•˚NlTœßLs

™œkR ˘LÙpLjRÙÆp ˘RÙ›˙SÙVÙ∞Ls

HWÙ[m! Au˚] ˘RWNÙ 1957 Bm Bi”

˙LÙlWÙ Gu\ Tœß´p ÿR≠p Ik’ ˘RÙ›

˙SÙVÙ∞L˚[ ˚Yj’ ˘RÙ›˙SÙn CpXm

˘RÙPe°]Ùo.

˙TÙl _Ùu A˚UßlT¨— 1971 Bm Bi”

Au˚] ˘RWNÙ‹dœ YZeLlThP’. T¨—j

˘RÙ˚LVÙ] 21,500 PÙX˚W ˘RÙ›˙SÙn CpXj

ßtœ YZe° ÆhPÙo.

Au˚]´u ˘RÙi” LPp LPk’m TWÆV’.

EX°u ™Lf£\kR T¨NÙ] ˙SÙTp T¨— 1979

Bm Bi” Au˚] ˘RWNÙÆtœd ˘LÙ”dLl

ThP’. ÿlT’ Bi”LÙXm BRWYt\

H˚ZLfidœm, ˘RÙ› ˙SÙVÙ∞Lfidœm

C˚PV\ÙR ˘RÙi” ◊¨kRRtLÙL CkR

A˚UßdLÙ] T¨— Au˚]dœ YZeLlThP’.

1980Bm Bi” CkßVÙÆu ™L EV¨V

Æ⁄RÙ] TÙWR Wj]Ù Æ⁄’ Au˚]dœ

YZeLlThP’. Au˚]´u ©\kRSÙs 1980

Ad˙PÙTo 27 Bm SÙs ˘LÙiPÙPlThP’.

CkR G›TRÙY’ ©\kRSÙ∞u ˙TÙ’ CkßV

AW£u RTÙp’˚\ Au˚]´u E⁄Yl TPm

˘LÙiP AgNp R˚X˚V ˘Y∞´hP’.

1988 Bm Bi” SPk’ ˘Np¤m ˙TÙ’ ∏˙Z

Æ›k’ ÆhPÙo. AY¨u Íufl C”l˘T¤m

◊Ls ÿ±k’ÆhP]. 1989 Bm Bi”

Au˚] L”˚UVÙ] UÙW˚PlTÙp TÙßdLl

ThPÙo.

1997 UÙof 13 Cp A\dLhP˚[´u R˚X˚Ul

TRÆ˚V Au˚] ˘RWNÙ 67 YVRÙ] N˙LÙR¨

®oUXÙÆPm JlT˚PjRÙo. Al˙TÙ’ Au˚]

´u YV’ 86.

1997 Bm Bi” ˘NlPmTo 5 Bm SÙs

Au˚] ˘RWNÙ ˘LÙpLjRÙÆp CVt˚L

Gnß]Ùo. ˘TÙ’UdLs AgN≠dLÙL AYW’

EPp J⁄ YÙWm LiQÙ•l ˘Th•´p

˚YdLlTh•⁄kR’. ˘NlPmTo 13 Bm SÙs

Au˚]´u Cflß FoYXm S˚P˘Tt\’.

AW— U¨VÙ˚RŸPu APdLm ˘NnVlThPÙo.

˛ U¶-̇ U-L˚Xl ©W-—Wm

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

� U≤R ˙SVj˚R Y≠Ÿflj’m Y˚LVÙ] FoYXjßp Hkßf ˘NpYRtLÙ] ÿjß˚W

YÙd°Vm RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

� U≤R ˙SVlTi˚T EQoj’m ©\ LÆ˚RL˚[f ˙NL¨j’ ˘Y∞´”eLs.

74

AßLÙ˚X ˙SWm,

£VÙU[Ù AkR U⁄j’YU˚]´p J⁄

C⁄d˚L´p AUokß⁄kRÙs. A•dL• J⁄

SPkR˚R ®˚]jRÙs. AYs A‡Uß ́ u±˙V

LiΩo ’∞ojR’.

LÙ˚X ˙SWm GuTRÙp U⁄j’YU˚]´p

·hPm AqY[YÙL Cp˚X. A˚\´p C⁄k’

U⁄j’Yo Æ¥ ˘Y∞lThPÙs. AYs

£VÙU[ÙÆu ˙RÙØŸm ·P, "Æ¥' G]dœ

˘WÙmT TVUÙL C⁄dœ • SÙu ˙Y‘m‘

TiQX •'' Gu\Ùs LiΩ⁄Pu. ""ø TVlTPÙR

£VÙU[Ù SÙu C⁄d˙Lu ÿ•gN Y˚W´p

ÿVt£ ˘Nn˙\u. Eu SpX U]—dœ H’m

BLÙ’. ˚R¨VUÙ C⁄'' Gufl BflRp

·±Æh” ""Cu˚]dœ Âh• ̇ Y\ ƒq SÙs RÙu

A‹h ˙TNu˚PŸm TÙdL‘m. ø ˘LÙgNm

˙SWm EdLÙ⁄. SÙu PÙdP˚Wl TÙj’h” Y˙Wu.

AlT\m AkR Bfidœ v˙Lu ¨l˙TÙoh

GpXÙm Yk’”m. A˚R TÙj’h” ""SÙU J⁄

ÿ•‹dœ YWXÙm'' Gufl ˘NÙp≠Æh” AYs

T¶˚Vl TÙodLf ˘Nufl ÆhPÙs.

B]Ùp £VÙU[Ù‹dœjRÙu U]m A˚Uß

˘LÙs[Æp˚X.

£VÙU[Ù Lp̨´p Íu\Ùm Bi”

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£VÙU[ÙRÙu J˙W ULs. Nk˙RÙN˙U YÙr˘Y]

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®˚]j’d˘LÙi”, "T”d˚L˚V Æh”

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˘LÙiPÙu. ClT• ˙SÙVÙ∞ Gufl ˙Y`™h”.

©WxVo ÿu◊ YWÙUp HUÙt\ ÿV¤°\Ùs,

A˚Pk’ °Pd°\Ùs Gufl Gi¶ÆhPÙu.

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LhPÙVlT”jß,. AYs A˚\dœs ˘Nu\Ùu.,

""G›k’ ∏˙Z YÙ! SÙeLs Gp˙XÙ⁄m Eu˚]l

TÙodL˙Yi”m'' ; Gufl ÿWh”jR]UÙLd

·±]Ùu.

AYs Tßp ˘NÙpXÙUp ™W[ ™W[ ÆØjRÙs.

" "AßLl©WNe°jR]j˚R SÙu ˘TÙflj’d

˘LÙi•⁄dLUÙh˙Pu. U¨VÙ˚RVÙL ø G›k’

∏˙Z YWÙÆhPÙp, Eu˚] SPdLf ˘NnV

G]dœj ̆ R¨Ÿm!'' Gu\Ùu AkR ÿWh” ̇ U_o.

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NX]Utfld °PkRÙs. AYs ̇ TNÙUp C⁄lT˙R

Ru˚] AYU¨VÙ˚R ˘NnY’ Gufl

®˚]j’d˘LÙi”. ""SÙ˚[dœ ø ∏˙Z C\e°

YWÙÆhPÙp....'' Gufl R˚X˚V A˚Nj’ E⁄h•

ÆØj’Æh”, AqÆPj˚R Æh” Yk’

ÆhPÙu.

UflSÙs °Zh” ˙Y˚XdLÙ¨ TVk’ ˙TÙn

AYfidœ E˚PL˚[ A¶ÆdL ÿVu\Ùs,

ARtœl ˚TjßVm ·fN≠h”d ˘LÙi” Ru

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AkR ÿWPu NlRj˚Rd ̇ Lh” ̇ U˙X K•]Ùu

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Æ›k’, " "AYs YWUÙh˙Pu Gu°\Ùs,

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LXe°VYs'' Gu\Ùs.

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RVe°]Ùu. AY˚[l ©•j’ C›j’ Y⁄mT•

EjRWÆPÆp˚X.

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J⁄Y⁄dœm Juflm ˘R¨VÙ’.

88

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F˚[´Pj˘RÙPe°].

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ALXÆp˚X. ©WxV AßLÙ¨L∞Pm CRtLÙL

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URjßu SXj’dœ UdL[Ù ˘NÙp≈o! -̨ UdLs

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GiQÙR UdLs UÙdL˘[u ˙TÙ˙U!

˛ UdLs

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TÙWßRÙNu

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TÙWßVÙodœ ERÆŸm Efl˘TÙ⁄s ˘LÙ”j’m ˙RÙZ]Ùn C⁄kRÙo. 1964

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∏Rm TÙ”˙YÙm.

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