-
Myanmar Newspaper Reader Copyright 01996 by MRM Inc All rights
reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronk or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the prior written permission of MFM
Inc.
~n inquiries should be directed to: p r m , p.0. Box 400,
Kensington, m, 20895 U S A
BBN: 1-88126548X Library of Congress Catalog Number:96486039
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Myanmar Newspaper Reader
Luzoe
-
Table of Contents -
Page
I Preface Part 1- Fifty-Two Myanmar Newspaper Selections
-
it i:. Part fT- English Translations of the Myanmar Selections g
1: UNESCO officials arrives to discuss projects 20 1
20 1 2: Freighter hijacked in the South China sea $ ! 3:
Breastfeeding mothers awarded 20 1
. . 1 . . - - . .4: , Aiding the new generation attain computer
literacy . . 202 . . -. 3
202 5: Heavy rains trigger mudflows from volcano 6: Earthquake
in north Sumatra 203 7: Giving up the tobacco habit 8: The
country's future (part 16) 9: Water to be supplied on rotational
basis in East Yangon : , Superman star not recovered yet
-
11: Foreign Affairs Deputy Minister meets UN envoy Croatian
forces seize Knin Deputy Minister inspects archaeological sites
Let's plant monsoon rice early
-
12: International fashion show 13: Thai Deputy Minister calls on
Brigadier General Abel Work committee for holding Myawady Dance
competition meets 14: Greening of Magway Division put into
effect
15: Hosho volcano belches smokes and ash 16: Hit-and-run driver
drops licence plate at scene
of accident; cyclist killed on the spot 17: Rapid growth in
economy while many are still
in poverty 18: Dance and music courses to deter influence of
decadent cultures 19: Raw opium seized
1 20: Basic education schools open 1 21: Yangon GEC to issue
Golden Ironwood Blossoms 1 22: Myanmar delegation leaves for Geneva
I i 23: Let shopkeepers of stalls in Bayinnaung market be { 24:
Crocodile hunting teams formed in Thailand to
ease public panic 25: Bulletin 1/95: Prevent extinction by
sparing
spawning fish and fry for normal consumption later 26: Increase
the use of firewood substitutes 27: University level quiz on
general knowledge about
the armed forces 28: Japanese pianist arrives 29: End of Monsoon
Retreat Festival featuring
the Buddha's return from Tavatimsa to be held 30: Ho Chi Minn
invitational international athletic meet
' '
31:' -Boy sleeping under mosquito net dies of snake bite - 32:
Moderate Monsoon
33: Two kyat stamps commemorating suppression of narcotic drugs
to be issued
34: Heroin seized in Lashio and Mandalay
~ Z e m i n says China has never been and never at to other
countries
--- - - - L.. _
Foreign Anti-narcotics officials arrive on study mission US and
Japan reach agreement on car sales dispute A Greater Mandalay in
the not-too-distant-future Safeguard natural forests for long term
h e f i t s Myanmar fruits gaining popularity Achievements of the
Yangon City Development Committee; Sports and social activities
Meng La border area New landmark in history of the Red Cross
Society set; IVational tasks fulfilled Alternative fuels to
firewood Message from Senior General Than Shu e: Chairman of the
State Law and Order Restoration Cocncil, on the occasion of the
Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations Upgrading the Myanmar
gem market from the mid-year gem emporium Myanmar women's
rights
Part HI- General Glossary Part IV- Appendices
A: Abbreviations B: Numbers, time, days, months and seasons b
IF, C: Directions, the Wire Services f D: The Myanmar ~ l ~ h a b e
t (A brief history)
F
-
I? Preface :
i
This reader is intended for a student of the Myanmar language
who has 1 mastered the Myanmar alphabet primer and now wishes to
pursue a course I ultimately leading to an appreciation of Myanmar
literature by starting on I I journalistic literature which affords
a wide coverage of subjects. Fifty-two 1 8 articles are included
from headline stories to editorials culled from two 14 Myanmar
dailies in Yangon. The New Light of Myanmar and The Mirror issued
during May to October 1995. f4 ty2 Following the pattern of the
Dunwoody Press Newspaper Reader series, the first part consists of
the article in the original Myanmar script, with acomplete list of
words provided with the respective contextual meaning. Structure
words such as auxiliary verbs, postpositional markers, conjunctions
and particles which appear repeatedly in many of the selections are
omitted from the vocabulary in the later selections. Should there
be a need to find out their meaning or usage, the Glossary can
always be consulted. Notes on grammati- cal points and general
information on subjects peculiarly Myanmar are added where
necessary.
A full translation of each selection appears in the second part.
Words contained in the vocabulary of the selections are listed
alphabetically in the Glossary which forms the third part. Here,
the different parts of speech of a word and definitions are given
in a dictionary-like format so that different contextual meanings
in the selections are covered.
--
A general overview of theMyanmar alphabet is treated in the
final part which p% -A% also contain appendices pertaining to
numbers, months and days, abbrevia- tions etc. by
Finally, I would like to acknowledge my debt to Stephen A
Bladey, Product Development Chief of Dunwoody Press for starting me
on this i~teresting project and to U Thet Tin, Editior-in-Chief and
Daw Khin Nwe Nwe,
> - Executive Editor of the Department of the Myanmar
Language Commission r2. r:py
for their unflagging efforts to help me in many different ways.
isc it Luzoe D
-
Selection One
Vocabulary
n UNESCO n task; project v observe v discuss
conj in order to v arrive n (name) n June pa 26
Y ppm from m&cun& adj assislanr B~E:~vYI1:qi& n
direclor
general n Mr.
3d4wdqd44: n (name) =2? pprn subjective
case marker ~ $ M { Z C n (name)
-
FA
K v being =d part which .u8c4:p n projects3 4 ppm objective
case marker $48: v co-ordinate "q. today s;:c@: n afternoon ~ ~
E : a 5 ; ~ ~ by ailA 4 PPm to
I part begin, start t
t =is ppm sentence fi- i nal marker
opcVo$@p+ n Ministry of Education
- 0 C K y f j ~ c 8 ~ n officials t 03 ppm subjective
case marker KU& n airport 9 8 PPm at I @=?sd=d v welcome
h
part noun form- ing particle
~om8: n news 1 + 4 v get; obtain
Selection Two
Vocabulary
. . ccm8mpdo6cod n (name) : d m v Panamian 5 ppm in1 registered
qgm& n freighter &a+ - . n (name) ~ Q E 8 : 6 q v be
hijacked2 ~ $ 4 ; n tonnage
I . mc&:oj is an abbreviation for E + v = ~ 8 : ~ $ The
ivlyanmar News o E m y n (name) = O 3 3 n 1055
~ ~
8; n June %+$a adj past . 2. The word ' functions as a
postpositional marker indicating instru- A J n 26 . CCO: n four
.
mental case. It functions as a conjunction as well. dm n Reuters
9(-J3 n day
r a noun indicates plurality. mES333:m:482. n (name) 4. part
word indicat- . . iiional marker ' 65' occurring after a noun
denotes instru- acanf. . p p m f 0 r . j . . . : . . . . . . . . .
. ,.*. .. . . .= - ~ , . . . ing . approxi-. ..
usage to the preposition 'with' or 'by'. T401$:v n freight
malion3 03 ppnt temporal case
M;C& v carry marker; at4
-
I F eq v undergo A ppm possessive cas ' Cd: part word to con-
marker; of
vey the sense rAEp n fate of making a +$ conj and report
3 ~ ~ 2 n owner 6.rclsq=d m$i~"syp: PE present 03 ppm subjective
whereabouts
I
case markerS 1 v do not know,
mfAq9. n Sunday (be) unknown 1 @ PPm on 78: pron he - v disclose
adcud cadv go on to
; 4 d u L p p n those on board
Notes
1. The postpositional markera is suffixed to nouns ro i~ldicate
either time or place.
2. The word &q imparts a passive voice to the preceding
verb. 3. The particle a$. indicates an a p p ~ o x i m ~ t e
quantity. 4. The postpositional marker cn functions as a nominative
or tempora!
I in literal use and as locative in colloquial use. I
5. As above.
Selection Three
Vocabulary
BeZ{c+&c~: v breastfeed 4 part word signifying 8aE n
mother.!- ' " ' , . certainty
-- $ - a.
word for plurality prize; reward award (name) October 5
The Mirror Daily mother's milk systematically f e d ;
nourish
adjective form- ing par~iclc dative case marker noun forming
particle public lecture; talk ceremony Sep tern ber 30 day
-
e4:b ~ 9 . 5 n 2 p m TOC n doctor 9 8 PPm at c~TY Y I52 n (name)
Bbrd n township 2 % ~ n chairman 8 a E 9 $ r n ~ : =$.02 n member -
c p d c Y m n Maternal E { Z c T n USDA3
and Child avQ n nurse Welfare c$uSo~cxnE8sZ n expecting
Association mother
c q c : o v hold 8s; n mother v conj as COCCU: n child a4;zocpo4
n district Go n 60
surgeon 3: part classifier for @: adj great counting ~ 9 t l $ 5
: n (name)' persons qf : Y J E ~ ' O ~ O $ n public health
,&cvd v attend
doctor 6 part word denor- c3T&c&mE n (name)' ing
collec-
tive action
. .. .
Selection Four
c T $ Y I I l ~ & E J " ~acy&oEcsose~$ $Eso$sE$ja$js
I.>
q ~ q l I l m m 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ wcq, cy~m$jm6svnS3a3:co:~: n a ~
q l l ~ t = c E ~ o ~ xF.@:cqPv:~ - qj4qjl[cm3az+:~[ m6soa .sm8g6
fl C c c sc\?qFsgevd$ @ ~ n o 6 c a o : m 9$rl;mw+oS +apE:~m~aq:h
i
gG:bEzaoEE:%:y 3 a c ~ 3 a s q v + u ~ : L v:sTnS@gmlca3:~:
$326
Notes
1. c m is an honorific title used by Kayin and Shan nationals as
a prefix to the name of males.
2. c3T is an honorific title fo same manner as 3:. is for a
male. It is also a kin term for aunt when rep!icated.
v aid; fulfil a 5 n Lieutenant 3. The Union Solidarity and
Development Association (USDA) is regis- tered with the Ministry of
Home Affairs of 15 September 1993. The Chairman, State Law and
Order Restoration Council is its patron.
! 5
-
SelectionFive
n evtnt; occa- & 5 P ~ 8 ~ :
949;m$@4CS n (name) C O C O C . C 0.
~cuoycpccaac p . u ~ : m p p y ~ : p c ~ ~ oeyq;jd:c-:5, v
renovate
[9:$:Y3343299 n progress L. . 32vfiv:CY3. ~b@3:33~11 made in
im-
rr bisic com- poier knowl- m$:
part v!c.rd indicat-
instructions ppm sentence
final marker n molten lava, +$ conj because of
. .
Order Restoratior: Council. 2. Although just the ~ 3 r d ~ ~ :
is equivalent in meaning to 'go' and would v comedown
s usually added in literal and formal usage.
-
ppm subjective case marker to safety
v run away part word to
indicate definitiveness3
part word denoting collective action4
part have toS part word to con-
vey the sense of making a report
part emphatic particle6
rnoS;~oSccpa~$ n relief official =: v state; report uz:q, adv in
that manne +92+ n concentrated
lava7
=0;34 ppm for P3aPm: n villager
EF part as/ ; -&fi/1Cr o F d conj in order to $911~ n Police
chief "ZoilT n (name) 6eaw956 v request
=+33$ it is said
j. Probably meaning volcanic ash in the sludge flowing down. .
See under Abbreviations. I
3. The particle* denotes definitiveness of some past or future
action.
,4. The particle 6 is suffixed tc verbs to denote collective
action. Its use f f k however optional. i 5 . The particle 9 is
often addeG for emphasis. 6. The word is also an empk:,tiic pa~~ic
le . !n tills co!irext ~ t s use secms
I to be just a stylistic affectation as the statement could do
very well without it.
fers to tuff brought down along with volcanic ash and
Selection Six
; : + . . . - Vocabulary .. .., , .,: , . . ' -.
-
,
i Selection Seven part classifier for 33s ppm sentence final
I
counting marker 6,8886,&, JL 6 a 8 4 ~ 0 a ~ F ~ 8 JL
g$..%&E things q a ~ ~ ~ q p & n loss of life
v quake, jolt conj and part become a re-
ality +:&% n property ~ a : 6 6 g ~ + ~ q p : . ~ a : &
6 ~ m 6 z + : ~ 3 a ~ ~ g + . q & ~ ~ l c ?.$ 03% cunj as
v not be; not hav I . -
0 r ' y l - O C C C mCg3':k: -- qz:6qqzsp~+m 30 ~-~YC*):XE C ~ :
C $ ~ E ~ X $
- C. %- I - part worddenoting @&qv n people in qqp: % y m
GGD:Q~E:$~~~: @EG@E: qJ:m~T2jET collective action {E t~&sqE:o.$
631 03- q.-J~Jq63Sm gaq:G+-qE G@@:+II 4 ppm subjective case
v have (cause to) make r c part word convey- 3c: +&crr:u
from their ing the sense T,
onto the roads c;a:d6cru3&1 n smoking 80306 v ban v run out
n chewing CO: part do1
tobacco C Z D : & ~ $ ~ ~ rr cigarette n Antara News
n meteorology n habit addict c a 3 : d S ~ m & q : ~ n
smoking
5
marker part word denot-
;% m: v disclose; sped n June ing politeness v report; state n 2
rng-:cSS n Reuters cczm&cTe9, n World's Non-
smoking Day N oees
n advertise- 9 6 Pam on 1. See under Abbreviations. ments m c P
3 : m : n (name) 2. See under Abbreviations. v advertise ni
i~:~ch.l :~Scp
n government ol w.CU3: n health experts usage to the
prepositions in , at, among).
-
v
PaH
n
n
PP" n
n
v
appeal, urge emphatic particle population nine million out of 50
percent smoke
$.Q+ conj or GQ:Q&@:$ v chew tobacco 6; v is qc:~C?:+8T
{ECdso;)8:o+ n Health
Secretary c3l"s~mp~J~&d n (name) +@
v speak
Note I
1. The particlew: in this phrase indicates that the action
described by the preceding verb has been done for sb's benefit.
1
Vocabulary t . i: '3. a f p 6 6 d n country 3 . ~ 4 3 n life
under j A ppm of' alien rule'
c9.a 5: n road to be n colonial 1 c travslled, period
future q:$31SqlS~C1: n ' divideand aG n 16 rule cq*Sq- n (name)
yol 3 n policy
I ?h$ n (name) +id ppnt because of I 942 n ~ u l y ~ m 8 r n + :
c 3 3 ~ n hills
-
- .. V - - g2 - ;.-
:+,@F+03+ n development LF$jOaJL' p q : ~ n rate w38:q+:# n
internal in- ~.22! v not equal surrection +Wi n region 8 : c d n
flame m v a b d j many dqd: v burn, scorch
, qdm6scl: n independence3 afor~d corfj well-nigh, l a v get
virtually
-
vart aftefl OE part emphatic r 10 particle
I9 v be n year 8:g+x9 n economy
v over
till c y 9 6 h \ : 3 a ~ ~ ~ g n social status
feudal times in be caught in a
vicious circle
n zero
n opium fumes' n shroud
part also been quite
? a while
i Notes
I. The word d indicates possessive c a e . I 2. During thecourse
of three wars with the British, Rakhine, on the west
and Tanintharyi in the south was annexed by the Bntish in 1826,
LowerMymmarfellin 1852 aild rheres~ ;ri ! ASS. .*.frer :he t i i rd
Anglo- Myanmar war in 1885, the whcle coiiniry ce:ised to exise as
a sovereign kingdom andbecame a province of British I ~ d i a . The
phrase3.c&0 literally means 'life of a foreigner's vassal'.
w&-attained on 4" January 1948.
16
7"-
A . --
4. e: as a verb means to come to an end, to be completed or
finish sth (as in q5glEe:E~~) and when suffixed to a verb denotes
its completion(as i n C\a&cuS~T~(fl:~v&). When placed
between a verb describing some action and another describing
subsequent action or state, it functions as a conjunction
(cno~5m:e: E 4 o 2 1 1 ) .
5 . During the reign of Myanmar monarchs opium was banned as
Buddhist precepts forbid the taking of liquor and intoxicants.
After the British annexation of Rakhine however, opium from Bengal
began to make inroads into the country and later cultivation of the
opium poppy was encouraged in some of the hill regions.
-
Iselection Nine
dq4 ~323CrS$jm 3~ (cE:Q) t r - 0 c q+qSEl.~O); ~ $ o E ~ ~ c ~ c
& ~ ~ ~ q$T+EC~c& 3acq.y~:
L I1 / '
40S4jrir:+ m&+:~qqp: E$COW:~J&$+~ . C 1 - - ~ C Y ; 0 3
3 : ~ q ~ ~ E r n $ + c - riot O C
, J C - ~ O - C ~ ~ - ? + ++A Grq$aZoac qommyc:qcsp poScnq&
0 C g&odE:pec ~ q c p $ : m 6 @ : q p : GWE:+E@:~
~acgqoqa:-:qx$~~
C O C O C a+ol qSUSmmyc:qcsp a&odE:p+ 3aKmEE:EEmEq6~~:
E ~ a 3 & 9 m j m a CQE: ~ q c + : o ~ o S ~ - n j ~ Z :
o{cmq.$aoa& 3acyzq a9&EF co:cozp:q$ sm im :~m$ i~
-
'=w"= v be frugal m +:* v use 6 part word denoting 4 : d
collective c@d: I action
pprn subjective case marker
v remind part word convey-
ing the sense 01 part word to denote of making a re-
i politeness port I ~&Jq&p n anthority 3 v know I I
concerned4 !
\ Notes 1. means to have not when combined with nouns but in
combination
with someaf the gerunds it denotes that such action does not
take place. - 2. As a v e r b v means to go but it often follows
another verb or particle 1
to indicate a continuing process. 3. -03 is derived from the
noun am& which denotes sth of h~gher staius
! or greater degree. Its antonym is d which denotes sth of lower
status or lesser degree. The conjunction d denoting ' (lower, less)
than wouM be more appropriate here.
4. a&+p means sb or sth concerned but here it elridenrly
refers :o someone ia authority.
Selection Ten
=7. 8&8 a&-8 fOC0$0~6338
Vocabulary
c~oIQE: e2:xn: n Superman m: n film star 4: n three
v ~ C Q v recover m: part numerical ca - part not classifier for
a: part emphatic counting
particle films, pic- vccv$~8cS n (name) tures, etc cm+$:m: n
(name) EG ppm by means of
n June v@?B: adj famous 84 n 28 C \ Y ~ part become1 J"
gold: 9a9S n Superman 9 pron one film - p&9Zmq&mE n
film-ac~or
-
. . gs: - . n . . part 2: part word denoting a aq2djm48 n (name)
c,&rn8)o& n week 8:s: v complete prerequisite
'n 42 soas: ppm within d m $ : conj although condition n . year
P ppm from ( i j 4 ~ $ ~ 4 ~ ~ : p n . recuperation Q$? ppm
will
v start, begin n March Q v gain; get m o $ h n official 9tcv3 n
27 .. El conj when q c r ~ ? v , excercise .6. v comment J ?
?& n day & 4 - 2 ? ~ - $ ~ c
m ppm in QQ+: n convalescent A , . home 68: n horse
. . . . . . .
'from2 n long term . . . - . ,. . . ... , J.5' . . . ::. . ' : .
.
a c r ~ v fall, tumble f;o:ol:rr2m!j( n medical . . < . ' . .
- . . . . . - treatment . , . . . . . - . \ - conj as gP -...- . .
. . &lx&o&Qq v continue to 1. : '. i -..-__.i '. .
m&&:f,: n cervical . .. - . . , receive :. j . . . -
verkbra; neck :! . . I . . .. . . . pad word denot- - . . _. I 9
{.
~5 conj rind . . ing affirina- v$: n spine" .. . . . tion cnk v
fracture 9s ppm will
Notes part word denot-
1s b6 v is 1. as a verb means to come, but when suffixed to
sonze verbs it ing sense of
n hospital GD:$ certainty conveys the notion of beginhing to
feel sth or, as is the case here, reach ppm sentence cna1 ~ p ~ c y
~ ~ < ~ q fi S P D ~ C S ~ ~ ~ some stage of development: 32 . .
ppm subjective - m marker 2. An elided firm of ocd or s m d meaning
"a place located above"
v case marker qc: pron he, the afore- is usually prefixed to the
postpositional marker? (from) in describing said m: a fall or
descent from a supedor location. This prac~ice is especially
= e : 4 ~ 3 pa fracture a:39&~:ST a d medical n university ;
gimd v be joined "'@qG
LTJS npm at ~ ; - J - , : Q ~ : w . : L 1 v receive
33$ treatment Fa+$: n treatment 8 : ~ d after , . +c;: n work,
opera- ; u T ~ n now
i . - i ' 22
. . . . .
i . .
. .
. .
. , . . : . . ...
. . . . ' L - . . .. i . L P
-
I [elation Eleven
Vocabulary
adj foreign af- fairs
n Deputy Min- is ter
n U N ' represen ta- tive, envoy
v meet; call on n (name) n October
9 MNA' UN Human Rights
Commissior? Professor (name) member (name)
qclsol v accompany conj when {&@.cV z ~ ~ p ! J i j $ ~ B c
p bdj international o$@:P+ IZ Ministry of +j,so$: n
organization
Foreign AP- fairs
t 2:aiws rt m: ppm dative case marker
*q. n today Z C + ? V ~ 3pm 4:+.3~~&3~4 n annex
TOE\ v Pay a f courtesy call, pay respects I
-2.3 v meet WOSaxA v greet d i ) n picture below 44 ad,? on that
occa-
sion
part marker for plurality
conj and n (govemmenl)
department n (name) n I l am n officials
conj while' pron his
n itinerary adv relating to
n coordination v do; make
I . 9c0 is an abbreviation of the word c p s u g .
3 2. See under Abbreviations. f 3 2: is a honorific title
prefixed to the names of grown men and monks. r
Among Rakfiine na~ionds the word forms ihe initial in the name
of the i firsr-born child.
-
I q$T$ s+ i :umE:as) C 0 9\uAyiji qf:oq@c:d mam$Qdq&cp
$fe3a3:3:pi
0 6' I ,,p~:,: ,&t:$m&Z: qE:$:aZeEgq@: ;Et&5:350:6 r
0 0 0 C C w2cq: f t a j : n & : ~ c c q ~ : ~ m n p : ~ z ~ a q
~ ~ P m z ~ ~
I c o r s+,-I +$kzgcT a.;n:Eg.ae m~-:~?~m338m;~tl I
mQ&Es3a.~nm$Et~ SCUI 3jnslSmgm8Zt~ ~ $ G - E ~ - ~ K I
e o r . 0 2 C O Q C C C - o e Q/'3@++CCl 5P.j31)9~$r?l - P C ? )
: ~ : ~ ~ ~ O ~ $ E ~ I C)jO+QCCI 99:m:
r c 0 C C : mh1cm$&l c 1 x z ? @ ~ . ~ ~ m ~ c m a m ~ m 8 Z
k 1 C ) C C U : ~ : Q C ~ I o l rnmmq
r r 3 C . 0 r o c C C ngmwamk-ac-I umaYcmgm;Etl Q ~ : G ~ ~ G T
, c : i 25+3c5-3
C o r . C / S~mq&mG&SmimgmfEt9C - -. ks-EpE$+Te m m z
QCCGG~C: t A- ; 33 $ E t oloi - 5 ~ ~ m $ l l I
Vocabulary
z~b$ i j$48~ . . adj international ppm subjective 0.1sq8h$ n
fashionshew czse mhrker' q e : o r: hold 82233A:d: n differe~t $4 n
(name) countries i
i 86 n June ~ k & a S : ~ : pa women a 6 ~ : 9 $ m s ~ : -
,. 3 n 3 .2ri-L ,:zki~r - hi adj this' @(i2:$t,Z~Z29ffi:
qe:ug8: n holding; friendship and promote
convening closer lies 3S3my$Q&qrd n the primary
aim
032cq:y n culture ai:cn6: n tradition e cct? n custom
v know q.9:cu$ v understand E2i v is 3 4 0 1 adj aforesaid
486 n (name) qdE$q.=p" 426 n (name)
452 n (name) I-G~~C~(P=~P cpaq486 rz (name) $&330a{E2 n
(name) 3Z!$J :FP:~ I Ia{&~n (name) qu$f82 n (name)
-4h$q.s+ydm6 330mf82 n (name) scc~:~:?Ei : n (name)
o?rnpcn~~pcu6r8 33pmfEZ: n (name) sdgzsomget rt (name) q ~ : 0 ~ ~
c ~ 9 8 : n (name) dqcO&3gmyrrSms 4 n d ~ 6 m p c n 4 8 2 n
(name) E $ c d P E { 4 Z C n (name) Q=$ etc.. . 8 8 ~ : ~ l e : n
total
countries
=!I n 15 422 n counlry 01 08 v participate 633 v exhibit,
display 5 .rj, 4+w:mpm48Z: n (name) : f 4; , -" 2
P** :?r+f$ F q j i -"
Notes
1. 't-r!s and its colloquial form'd' is also used in the manner
of the adverb I 'here', 'a\pgp' 'from here and theret, '?+d$ C' I
.' c SIL here'
2. The subjective case marker 332 is also applicable. .E'
, .
> .,
-. -?'
-
i t kction Thirteen
n Brigadier General
n (name) ppm objective
case marlier n Thai !I Depuly Min-
ister v meet; call on
9 8 4 BZ (name) d 4 m n October 30 n 10 ~ ~ : r n : $ G n 3 ~ :
~ $ 8:$p:tq$g& +:m~-A~o+@:~+ n Ministry of
National Pian- ning and Eco- nomic devel- opment
. . .. . . . .
0 4 ~ n minister 4 . PP* to I i 4E:{Zt n (name) mccpcls v come1
q : ~ { : ~ ~ : ~ & ~ C I : conj while . - i t , 0 6 @ : ~ 9 n
Ministry of +4 n two
jSj\&" ti;:,,, r: !, ....?; Commerce 48: n country .:..:. :.
. ;?:; ?.
-
! Although the verb m 'to come' by itself suffices, cFp&
meaning 'to i
arrive' is usually combined to it in formal statements as a
euphonic . accessory.
A% above.
-
USDA (name> roadside left and right along4 total strength
over five thousand cassia
n
Y
n
adv
aurantia flame tree peacock's pride rain tree leak including
township accelerate village circles keep on (doin;
Notes
1 . The particle cv is suffixed to a verb or noun :o denote a
stale, acrior: or skill.
2. Names of towns, villages, months, and associations are not
defined in the vocabulary but are mentioned in the translation in
:he same order 3:; the Myanmar version.
3. The postposieional marker 39 following a noun indicates
accord and is equivalent in usage to adverbs according to, in
accordance with, in keeping with.
Selection Fifteen
1 0 0 q & , (x2Sx2Esx21 c38 ) i C O C . C O C 0 008 q o q p
c c 3 6 ~ s m c y c : q qPb):c-e~$ )&col:: j37 + 6 k W I C c q
E&zo&cq$B:cp6 Ezooern:cq.cn q G p : $ c b ~ : c ~ t h r n ~
: r n o q ~ , .------ oaE 6&@$ll 0 0 ,,g,~ me,Ge,em$ qe 300x2,
+srn~s4q-, 3
I 0 0 0 u 7 8 ~ : c ~ Z B s 9 ~ &zooam: ~aom!E:m
8:?:yp:+F@yp: YOST& i 8:cmEx2$5 mq&3zov:coT+ 8 : c m ~ ~ ~
q p : r r- 07jcEPGmm$11 t 46 o r 0 3aGFcx 3009 c o t m+ol8:omEcf1 c
3 m Q v : m q c q - a d "
(m$8:~mZ), S $ E z o $ l ~ 5 r I ~ ~ : G W E Q&6$q~p:m~~:$:
UAUOS~ n;U~:q~30pq~ i E X I G . 1 m c m ; ~ ~ c 9 ~ 3 3 ~ ~ ~ E
,,,,e:% I f qx2qp: O ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ E : , G & ~ ~ ~ ~ C U $ :
m:&&yA 9&&$~:q6 i t
~ $ 1 1 . / - I I L E Vocabulary f
44 n (name) 3? n 13 8 : ~ d IZ volcano 3&33;63 n MNA @ n ash
qo~{ai: n (name)
i ~2 cvnj and mcnronEQtS: n southeast t1 Re located
adverbs throughout, all along. belch, blow p 6 ~ l Z :
!
-
Part v
conj n
Y
n
v
n
n
n
n
n
n
adv 8%
n
PPm v
n
?l
;z adj CI
%E
he of a cer- m4. n tain duration o;, Part about d$ v lie dormant
Q&E$: adv af~er +&&add adv Thursday move, act c ~ S : c
q S ~ AP news 0 ~ 9 z n report CNm v southwest v mile on 500 'q
Part distance (name j
~ J 4 a a re ~refecture ..
aa;)6: n early
oEO8tAqp
-
Notes from home n night q A d Y
n 8 m'38:w:q; to have dinner I 1. The particle mm: is often
suffixed to the name of a certain wade or n food stall n 0' clock
co'32:48 pi activity to denote a person's proficiency in it. n 10 ~
g c f i m v leave 2. The word v{ in addition to being a generic
term for all timepieces, )O
conj as; while 3q6 n minute 4 denotes "hour" or " o'clock" when
suffixed to a numeral. , 73 part about XKZ~&O? adj aforemen-
3;. 3. The postpositional marker=@: indicates an intervening
period, space - 2% tioned q i g FPm at or occurrence, equivalent in
usage to prepositions between, among, rn
=+=P n place n (name) amongst, amidst. n township & n motor
vehicle @Ad 4. The honorific term is used with the name of a young
male. For the R (9) ward r9fi4udj:P8 v lose control (e).l%d Rakhine
nationals however, it forms part of the name itself. n (6) ward @Y
ppm from behind (G)qh?$
ppm between3 0 8 4 & v hit; bump inlo ak: p;-* conj as;
because ~$--~i
ZO~CU&: n (name) 7 i;: ,,. 5:calE: n head
-> 3 : tt culvert
ppm just past 3&q3 n injury, =c+
I , , wound kr& +4dp n motor acciden t i $7;;
-:+Sq&+: v drive away ..J+$ v happen; occur - ; , I
d m & . conj though n one i,??
m& n No 4. Middle +"I&@: n license plate = d s )
(cu/?oGn) (La/ 7068) pet>
School @- v drop I ,,L n school com- G\$Jq , ":&*
cqp&oc': 1 , a t
pound q?$ v leave behind 1 *" ppm in O X $ ~ Q L n motor vehicle
i ;* a q E : 1 . -3 -.
police a 4 .Sa v live
n resident aqm@: adv urgently i v=?% , +Q&:
investigrtte;
-=&++: tr (name)* m x e cnqur - i
=m&(JG)$ age (26) ies a-L I
-
kction Seventeen
or. +:m0S$E: eoam:cp: 8:m++$:1 yO~my8c4:v:oaE ~ g . k .- -------
' c or C Q C Pc:+cG= 03WCUy9:V: ~ : ~ C C Y 3 ~ ; 5 ) $ 3 2
CJ?G~#ZOZGF ~ ~ M : c v )
economy -qrn n October
growth & ~ 8 ~ a n MNA be rapid 4 ~ - FF R ( ? \ i l , - j ~
the poor A 5 P i ,: IS, are mask$ 3 .a3003 still $82: ~c (namej
(name) 3ee9-~3 ?+d n 1994-95
sg~@d n eighth ~d*cy6c{: n industry ~1:+$8d&{: n five year
GC ppm due to
plan 33{S:odd v make history 0 3 3 ~ ~ n period c m d d part
just about ~ c m E s c o $ c u 5 ~ n implementa- 866,: n luxury
car
tion n a year
adv on the average
n rate 11.7
n percent conj while d j this
%m#? n world w'Q ppm on1 s6++: adj highest sa&m$: adj senior
% : g ~ ~ o % ~ E n economist ms n one 2: part classifier for
counting people
-: v comment +.*:N$: conj however
ride; drive to be able private sector mobile telephone use
up to standard of living
"
high Chinese 70 million
have not enough food
have not enough clothing
dire poverty n government 4 v exist
media 4 v state; point v depict out
conj when
i . - .
. . (. 39 7h' - , . " " , "
5- .-
-
! Here the e l i d form of SCOT meaning "a place above", has
been combined h-5 the postpositional marker 3 denoting place. It is
also possible to 2 2 WT by itself, in which case it functions as a
pustpo~itio:.~: marker denoting place equivalent to the preposition
"on".
. . . .
. . -
selection Eighteen
I Vocabulary decadent . . SC J open . ... ..~ .:./ . .,
. ...:,
culture ..a:;>:. ppm will, shall ..... , . .. . . .:". p:.
::=:
deter n (name) .gq# 494 :.j:,k~ r . ..s..,v,.t+ , .:> I..
singing n Au~zs: . _ ._, dancing J3 bt 21 . . instrumental
am&oa n MNA. .:,,,'. rC: .,_,, .. '
,.a . , ., .
music 03i!jcq:B~+@PI n Minisiry of tutorial class, course
4 1.
-
-
D L+O&:$:~+ n Department I of Fine Arts
P$YIF v lead 8 conj and admc'mcu n September ? n 7 6\d n day y ~
m q commenc-
ing from C)& ccu: n (name) B-@:F n cities gC$ v open2 4 6 :
~ 8 0 1 : s ~ & $ W $ C C ~ : ~ n decadent al-
ien culture ~4gw$xq:y n national
culture C) part not3 C Y P ~ Y ~ ~ v disappear msq,,:y:m7
8&cn& n national
spirit ~ ( q b q ~ n character C)cw: C' adj high; noble
=kfFP& n national
prestige
n
E: adj 4us6j2 adv c+&mq adv
racial prestige cultural heritage national characteris- tics
preservation
nurturing dynamic palriotism social objcc- tives of the state
senior; experienced" seasoned; accom-
plished' artis te5 great in person systemali- cally teach;
tulor
Notes 1. See under Abbreviations. 2. The verb gt means "to
open", and tq6 which also means "to open,
uncover, expose" are often used in ~ombinatior~ :in formal
statements. 3. The particle o negates what is denoted by the vc:b
following it.
- . 4. The terms 01 yt and are both allusive L: :iving
accumulated a lot of experience in some profegsion or skill,
2rfi.ough 01 is actually a monsoon retreat by which a monk!s
s&niority is estermined andup is a Pali word with conn,ltatiooi
of 'accumulation', 'accessories', 'colloca- tion'etc. /-) '.
5 . The term = + O F is equivalent to 'fine arts' alhough in
this instance i t is used in connection with the performing
art$.
6. Theadj @: is sometimes suffixed to nouns as sn honorific, to
denote affection or in many instpnc& just out of p~i:.:~?ss (
as in mTtiE:~ nrnoGE:~ qc&q&@:~ msal:(ZJ: ).
-
f Selection Nineteen q4"$ f$'$ 35 (..a,::+)
O C . Q O C C pcccarS3a{:cp$ W:wbca:ol:3as TO: 0n:a:gogc:cq:
cy&c$:,:c+ 9$43q9kF canZQ&cq&isp
mGoc&ccco&rd:cq ,6g.0z~:1
9&~~e&i$:$?rn6~~&-:Cir:9C #aS&. ?:w&
32aa:036$.~zv: 010zcu3 Y:6012:~~.33$ 3303z:Dq g4 3 q& E C g
C- C Q C C Sp+$ 9~~onZ:cq:sp?op 9cpq:pcg 2:~~:ngcii mQ:
c3Tq9/:
O C 0 c o c - C O s93aozq 06cToSypud+p wc:nuqZ cq-3m3sgcllr3 - -
-
+c$xp~+ $:O)CUG&~ &o)N&~+: t:-:mTEdi 35): G(U:NXU+ C
Q O C ,,,:,: 3%&@2:32~0):~~ 3 3 3 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 6 q 0 ~ 6 1
03Q&Oa~ 2 0 ~ 4
/
nQ&jol & $ w ~ ~ q ; ?ooooc$g~ocq uS:S:s$
-
n 30,000 4% n concerning ppm with ' 20'23 n l aw,ac t pron
person =I ppm in accordance
with; under n People's Police a& v open a case
Force 3acqqcxrx. v takeaction ppm at SB v get
n psychotropic substances
. : is ar, honorific tilie f o ~ adult males (including monks)
and is followed by the name of the person concerned. It is also a
kin term for uncle.
. % , I
Selection Twenty $19 r I,. I
c c 0 0 e o c ..%- 6CY4'35:P8 #0303;:~niP~: ?3?5C 607PC:07.07 ~
& ~ E L : o ? $ : g F y ~ y n E : . = ;... 2. caT is a n
honorific title for adult females (including nuns) in the same
rnsnsler as 3: is for a male. It is also a kin term for aunt when
suffixed :(; :.he particle =.
3. Here "the two7' refers to the two persons mentioned in the
phrase preceding the particle +*. If there had been no referent
.preceding
"we two".
i 4. In this cckmext, the objective case marker q is
recommended.
n students . . n (name)
i I
46
-
n green sarong1 6 : n students v dress; put on seeking
adj each and every transfers ,&chp& v attend &:oSq9
n those apply- ing for
conj after enrollment ,,+QZ,cp n teacher in w q ~ 2 : ~ 6 @ : n
headmaster,
charge of a headmistress class
I ; ~ h p ~ zohpc) n teacher PhpQ n female teacher +:o.+& n
school staff PUS n pupil v be conven- m: ppm dative case ient
make8 m Z @ : v give lesson $3
part adverb form- ing particle
t part noun form- d Q & c u : n help ing particle
~ ~ 4 6 0 ~ ~13~8 before doing
sLh ~~(mdm{:ccqd: n Basic Educa- tion High 3 n 1 School
n school disci- orrn n 858
pline follow; ob- serve
word to denote action3 admonish, counsel give speech lesson
final exami- nation those who passed
school4 Middle School 2058 Primary School 35,749 simultane-
ously emphatic particle . total
adv happily I
: ."pq jn eight oPd@: n study . n million 33036:~fi v was
reported
I < -. Notes I %.$
1. School children in Basic Education wear uniforms consisting
of a white a im7'
shirt or blouse with a green skirt or sarong. tGs 2. In
thiscontext the obip,ctivecasemarkerd should have been used
instead.
1
3. The particle c v is suffixed to a verb to form a noun, e.g.,
q : :~ be ")j?* ' it:..,
healthy, CT$:WG~ health. , :.. ?:,.. ,LL7\, ,.,:,? ,.y . . .
' ,'< "'"wF, ", '% . - - ...er, . . ' L ' L I Z *
.. . li".. 4. The term for school cxrpz: suffixed to a numeral
is employed here as a . . . . . . -&$:, ,:,w -.. nuinerical
classifier as it is in :he case of many nouns. ', .,.,
-
i 1 Selection Twenty-One
Vocabulary !
q~T+mg$& n Yangon University
+3:8 n (name)' ~ ; $ 1 C i ? d n (name)' 4 n magazine O Q ~ v
publish i
4 4 (17,:r--,'; :iC! do?335 TP October JJ n 22 o p ~ ~ o C [ ; ;
q : ~ n Ministry o f
Education
u e c y tz education +! v answer 0 4 ~ 6 : n employee 9 n
manuscript; zooo?cucdd8mA n Limited Li- article
ability Coop- olc+ncq@: n professor erative m$:&& v
edit
L u
~ ~ u & m ~ 3 $ v concerning racksup 6v"' v study
3aa&m{: n Basic qo:m$ v understand;
Education com ~rehend
adj n
High School zxarnination aid publish and distribute aforesaid
magazine
senior lec- turer in a cer- tain discipline
explanation order know as
sole publica- tion whatever outside publication as3 in the name
, C U 1
an~6racq.343 n experience in cq& it is not
evaluation of s c r i~ t s R.td n township
5 -
r w:gq: n question adv in advance -
tt answer yqcc~z~: v order &98$m46 adv correctly 4; part
can
and con- cisely
-
Selection Twenty-Two : GEC is an abbreviation for the Government
Employees' Cooperalive
which was formed by the Ministry of Cooperatives. The suffix o p
c y in parentheses denotes such a cooperative formed from
government employees under the Ministry of Education.
.. The Yangon University is noted for the ironwood trees lining
[he 1 Chancellor Road. GT$ c m & q - 3 (2xn::aS)
I . This particle is redundant as "o$mS~n~6%. . .
~?&606i$b)~&. . ." a6$Ee9ccp c o c cE:9$:a$.q16.1r
8oS@:qOS~q a305 d c q l by itself constitutes an emphatic denial."
t o r c m q m ~ F c ~ : t ~ : o ~ @ : s ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ : 2:f:m
6d8:~56333 4&m:cyd
-
(nme) delegation (nme) 1 ez7;e (L-an e) Oc~ober 1
Inizmational Telecoms Fderation invitation
q2:o v hold
ad part will ' a d d c ~ ~ : - ~ ~ n Telecoms-95
mE n world2 ;odcyoS~ n cornmunica-
tion do&: n equipment &I n exposition - 4 d n v observe
3 . 4 ppm for wGl- n today
a38+S n 8: 15 am C N ~ S : O ~ F & by air 3a3: part become a
re-
alitv Corrimuni- cztisns, C ~ ~ I I P V G
qCyScC: P l s s ~ and Telegraphs 0 @ 3 : ~ 9 n
I@: n minister p:3n n (nme)
C O P . j60xutpcc n ( n a e ) ?+~,16 n 1. n t o m
n 3 d w 2 n d n d2: o $ @ : ~ ~ & $ : n
ppm friim p n 11 108 ppm till Z:m$:tq n
Ministry of Livestock -breeding and Fisher- ies Brigadier
General (name) Prime Minister's Office (name)
-
iection Twenty-Three Vocabulary
n
n
n
adv v
n
V
Part
(name)' market stall continuously sell , permission allow word
to denote poIiteness (name) October 7 The Minor Daily chief editor
sir (name) township frontage shopkeeper instruction
PPK
I:
PPE pan
J
OScri]fP adv precisely; J F n exactly cudfi+E.{: n
v follow; obey &hE: Y 0 $ m v thrive U
3aLn. ad; ( D M $ Q $ ~ from the time
i 3am:w:q~ n of inception
keep shop now
six almost, nearly reach if only 30-8-95 day market
superinrendenr from' higher aurhoriry according to that saying that
building 17 18 19 20 24 i
r I $
present stall move
0 ther place given in lieu of a I
. f former one r
-
v move
- v call up011 pron I ' adv toward
v make sacrifice
v be conj as conj if adv very; greatly
v lose part word convey-
ing the sense of undergoing some common
experience
adv v
n
will as it is rule break; in- fringe take action ought to;
should through propose shopkeeper
Notes
1. Bqinnaung refers to King Bayinnaung ( 155 1 - 158 1 AD) of
Taungoo mhn reunited the country for the seccnci iin:e.
2. Theuse of the postpositional y which indicates the locative
case is not to be: recommended. The nominativem should have been
used instead.
3. A mde speaker refers to himsell LS z~7d addresses another
person about his own age and stacl;ds zs sEv while a fenale refers
to herself as C Q ~ Q and addresses another person who is about her
own
I age and status as %8 in formal speech. I
Selection Twenty-Four
C c aqs-m c3-33&+373 J ( 3 6 3 S c 3 1 636)
Sc,E:qp: Oa&cqu$G$cm uaE:+Fa&cqi:~J Fgqqp: 0 o c 0 c
,:?a mrncu;.E&.qkE:4j oj.E;cmm:E: +E:+:qm 8cqpE:qp:
0 \ C O C ud:G:es 3aij.qp:~ y.a$:co:~&u$o) a r c m m e a
uaE:mm
c o c . c - 0 0 q :v~c9C \dd :q :Bc~F + c c ~ & o ~ : ~ ~ )
c ~ ~ : q p : c ~ E m : ~ ~
-
?J$$ adv id&m+, v
citizenry, ?dE pa* populace 30 n panic 2: Pa* be alleviated "1 v
crocodile
a d pa* hunting team +: n Thai
ao"S conj in
a&: adj form
cq8~&33~:& n Bangkok 5 W n October { ~ o ~ c u ~ ~ S n
2
m5mE Y on the loose that news; report as regards be worried, be
anxious react by way of Thai Govern- ment
v
n
n
PPm adv
v
Pa* PPm adv
per l 10 person consist will three than not less electric prod
net rifle arm
sight; see place motor boat by swiftly
react; go can2 for all around
d S . 6 n Bangkok Post ~$334 any ~ 8 : ~ n newspaper m d c g n
Bhat (Thai
n Saturday 3000
currency) n 3000 ppm on \
c3Tm n dollar, $ m:d[3 v report; men-
lion =JO n 120
B. n one team CO: v award; give
C I : ~ ~ C ~ : ~ 8c~qpE:c~ErnC n . crocodile -. . . . .
=@:a& n chief of the Pen fisheries depart- c9q03"S v
inundate ment d c q n number of
49 v declare creatures 8:v.S n monsoon n 300
conj because of
I . ' C & $ . ~ S so t:' should be translated inlo English
as '10 men per team' although the word for 'per' precedes that for
'ten men' in Myanmar
2. 4; denotes capability, probability or possibility and is
equivalent t o can, may, be able to, etc. in English.
-
I / Selection Twenty-Five Vocabulary
o p c o : 2 n egg; roe ~ : c & q d n educational and E$ ppm
with
-
exhortative mes- 6s v be full sage; bulletin' cl:~@: n adult
female
ah 1/95 fish It
n
n
adj v
-. It
b part c5: v
&Eg12 adv
2s t: tl C '?
3; c n
=+.a@ adv
spawning fish fry show mercy; spare regular consume
species not become extinct rain torrentially, abundantly (of
rain) fall that
- -
citL:9$ n milt 660 v (be) laden cl:d:@: n adult male fish 2Y ' 2
lay (egg) =vr I t place I=% v look for ~l:~&a)d v (of fish)
head
upstream to spawn
6 part word denoting collective action
c qc: adj aforesaid ' May 08:d: v catch mon~h qd part emphatic
latter part particle June rn conj if July 4 part word Lo denote
a group river culrrSp v be hum
stream lake cv3 part come
ru4:col8:ypcg., millions and pond millions d l over cl:m:co?d n
spawn
-
Y
w n j n
v
PQ* P m
n
$2
die; perish and species of fish be extermi- nated go make,
cause
Ministry of Livestock- breeding and Fisheries
Depar~ment of
pm&ol: on:@& an:
on:E6qcrS ~ y l d
except v prohibit
part word denoting present con- tinuous condi- tion
n prohibition4
v violate
n Freshwater Fisheries ACL
n section (45) v prosecule v punish
Fisheries g&: v prescribe m& part also; too q&r o~
conj therefore 3284.43Gjm a bulletin 8:~33 n monsoon . .
aP&(J/eJ) n No (2192: cl:m:co?&@ n spawning sea- &$ ppm
by means of son cI:q&cl:~+pd ss spawning @61o1 '14 not to do
sth
season 6m:+w: v give sanctuary (3a>4+$ at the iime ~:czcA v
urge; remind 8 6 6 ~ ~ j j permissior! ~6 part be proper
Notes ~. 3 ., . . . . . . .> ;,, ,. .: , ., ... ..
. . .
1. Similar bulletins are regularly issued at the beginning of
.the monsoon which heralds the spawning season, as a public
informa- tion service.
2. The word 5 : used here as an adjective or more precisely as a
prenominal with reference to the preceding statement. It may be
also used as a pronoun, which as in most pronouns of the Myanmar
Lan- guage accommodates any gender or number (as in t$:m 6b33$11
t$:q-m 6 b E m 2 1 1 ) . I t is usually confined to literary
use.
3. The conjunction rn may be equivalent'in usage to the conjunc-
tion 'while' when i t l inks two simultaneous actions (as in
{~m05i&.2bm$11) and to the conjunction 'and' when it links the
ac- tion and its consequence as is the case in this passage. Some-
times it is replicated and suffixed to two synonymic verbs to lend
emphasis (as in sE:mqp:rn~ $ m i e r n )
-
!selection Twenty-Six Voqbulary
. , . . ~ ~ . - .
am:
..Em cnnzm
.uQW.fP q:* ?,@a3
dQ?Q 84 F @:q =?I69 WE:q
It
n
n
It
adv v
n
n
It
n
n
12
V
firewood substitute other fuel widely use
(name) (name) June 4 The Mirror supplement gather firewood draw
water which states expression, phrase folk custom represent express
rural CUS tom as
commonly used
=+ap4~8od adv actually
d 4 a L d : n dead wood' =adI: n scrap lumber = d G d n dry
twigs = d m n forest cs!c,s Y harm y6q6 n deed 4d conj but, however
rndarndc adv gradually fp:o?: v be scarce a n . become ~3~331~1
conj when %:Q~T nearby mE:~68 n as firewood 3: v use q$+:ol: adj
worse ag:m+ adj valuable a; n timber +g::cQc later ?&Y v chop
down,
fell 9hIE at this stage E$:d:, n depletion
Td n danger, hazard rn"SwSs~T Y beckon, invicc ,u+3$, as il'
happen, occur straightaway; in no time weather
-
n be reg^, &an: v suffer be nomd {:~1ZsqPq8o~: n dry
Zone
n drought EQTO$ v be known adj natural d"dZ8: in this way n
fertilizr C%Q$ n the road aheac
the future v lose
pE v go, continue v becorn? apparen: $01 rn conj if
n tree Srnpq n desert ppm in as rnoch as , c J c J ~ v arise,
crop
adj central up; turn up n effects c i the rpcqaam: n situation;
po-
sition; shape sun's to+d heat
of things
Selection Twenty-Seven
-
Vocabulary
university level armed forces general knowledge quiz hold 29
June
-
(n urn her) MNA' patriotism
3qF-:-y$ n national motto
-++&+@&j n literary and photography competition
qe:0c6\:
d o & n convening committee
u p ~ F F ~ ~ @ : m n Ministry of Education
3);0+@up $am n Department
of Higher E,ducation
s ~ ~ F ! ? n he1p;assist- ance
g\Oa v obtain
d conj after 945 n ~ u l y JC n 29 g\A n day QCqcQ n Saturday
64.. n Union 01-
Myanmar 8Z6mf oS:$: n nationwide
,-m9+c6 n university d 6 n college
~ : & P c I : P F Q & ~ C U & ~ ~ S $ qCY6cJ:o@:pa n
Ministry of v&p n technical in-
n institute d ppm under s o q m d 6 n degree col-
lege &Sp&8$v n colleges and
institutes c q ~ : v ~ c y o S @ ~ n Ministry of
Health
Livestock stitutes 8( -breeding schools and Fisheries
+&+9d*
C Ministry of v,:wfp: n agricultural Cooperatives institutes 8(
Cooperatives schools College Cnlrz:qv2:am:n students
02ccpd v enter; take Department part in of Technical, %=? v
answer; solve Agricultural - (problem, quiz, and Voca- etc.) tional
Educa- tion 88
mxl;)dcrl: 0 c e : ~ 9 n Ministry of Note
Defense 1. See under Abbreviations. W + ~ : ~ O $ @ ~ : ~ + n
Ministry of
part may
Culture
-
Selection lhenty-Eight
c C ~3 -I q u + q cw$co6 soo u~S~OSCU~:~@E: Q~U$II
Vocabulary
~ o g p ~ s o o S v
13#303604: adv
Japanese ogsp:d:@a n piano com- pianist entertain n (name)
arrive
+I n government (name) 003003;: first class June & = ~ ) ~ +
m d : n Knight of the 28 Lion Order The Mirror $. n title Daily
mQoFq4+% n fine arts (name) culture m&Q@: n stipend, grant
exchange orno+: n the first program n artist (name> 03dac'd n
(name) musical S:dvnfq6 recital &6amclu)+, n philharmonic today
orchestra Department 4 4 n (name) of Fine Arts n (name) officials
BV$.~ n radio embassy welcome world wide orchestra entertaiil- c
--lcN Y n evening rnent n National present (name) c n S O q 6 d n
solo international $0243:
,. . .
-
~coT00b n gallery a d y & v fix 4 n kyat' 3q v learn; know d
m 5 n stall
Note
1. q4 kyat is the standard monetary unit of the Union of
Myanmar. It i: divided into 100 pyas.
Selection Twenty-Nine
-
I Vocabulary
a n o & w n the celestial fl abode of ~nvatirnsa'
G~m.p n Buddha2 o l q & u d $ d n End of dmE:n;U&
Monsoon ma{: Retreat ~est ival '
@2? ppm will 33 &B6ngi: n (name) &a: C3YXISOq~ n October
m 6 c d I n 2 m63:
J
G? @Scd n 63" a;: & n picture on the =+(:
right ~ S Y U
-&-&a n the event of Lord Bud- yc&a dha's descent
from Tnvatimsa
aa6:3ap n occasion 4k2& 896 n seven
day 2 30 n 10 a&-#i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p a ~ v on a @id32
grand scale 8 ~ 3 v arrange
v carry out a@
d Q d +
ppm word indicat- ing comple- tion of an action
n October n waxing of
the moon n 14 n 15 n oillamp n one thocsanr n fruit n flower n
golden robe v offer
reverently n ceremony ol
making a de- votional of'- fering
n waning moon
n night n name4 n world of hu-
mar, beings n Sakkas n celestial gOC
60a3 n Brahma su- fj? ppm with preme deity 95:m68a: n offertory
of
sc016: n total provisions
Qi v surround; =YIP v accept escort (donation)
3 conj while 6 ~ s ~ ~ v attend sE:uclSEE+:+ n depiction of wapd
n this year
the descent wo$g& n last year (dJ:m$ n noon
@O? v not like =J n 12 C D & ~ ~ : @ : ~ adv with a 4 n
o'clock difference CUT ppm in ~ E w ~ ~ : o v hold fi v be 3262
conj besides q p 6 : n monastery P ~ ~ S ~ O S Z J ~ ~ I ~ ~ n a11
parts ot ?O n (number) the country ccrip;: part numerical m z ~ c s
p d o $ ~ n visitor
classifier CU$: conj also 3 j m c m ~ n monk .urS9$9 n
entertaln- ao?: part numerical ment
classifier7 v entertain, c ? : ~ n five hundred amuse
4 v be over cnEa& v present
Notes
1. According to Buddhist cosmology there are six levels of
existence.c. where the nat devas (celestial gods) reside. Tavat
ima, the secL,i:ti highest of such levels, means "realm of the
thirty- three", a reference lo 33 companions led by Maga who
rendered such selfless service for the public good such as building
bridges and roads and digging wells that they were reborn in this
abode.
-
' 2. Buddha stands for "The Fullv Enlightened One". u
3. End of Monsoon Retreat Festival (olq&Gs& ), otherwise
known as = o ~ E t ~ ~ ~ ~ d - r - t r ~ o ~ ~ v w ~ ~ ~ ~
End of Monsoon Retreat Observances Festival
(&ni:q&Gs& ), is celebrated on the fullmoon day
ofThadingyutmonth which falls during 6 1 Q& 668&@8EvsagoSps
October. The observance of monsoon retreat was initiated by Lord
Buddha himself who forbade monks from travelling during the monsoon
months to prevent them from inadvertently trampling crops and
causing injury to insect life. From another aspect it commemorates
the occassion when the Lord Buddha after sojourning in the heavenly
abode of Tavatimsa where he expounded on the Law (Dharma) for the
benefit of his mother, now a celestial goddess, and the multitudes
of celestial gods and Brahmz supreme deities for three months,
descended to the realm of human beings, attended along the way by
throngs of supreme deities, gods and men paying homage.
Sarikassanagir or Sarikassanagara is a town in India. It is
venerated by Buddhists, as its eastern portal was the place where
Lord Buddha's feet f i s t touched the earth after his descent from
Tavatimsa. The Hindu god Indra who appears in Buddhist Scriptures
as Sukku d@ , the lord of the first and second levels of existence
of the rzrit drvas or celestial gods. In counting persons and
things a numerical classifier appropria~e to that particular noun
follows the number (as in $&+:c\~:I m:46sqpi:~ q $sum&) .
Sometimes the noun itself is repeated after the number as is the
case here. The particle ' 01:' is used in enumerating sacred or
significant persons or things ( as in "qq~m&ol :~ q6E6n601:~
9~3$I:cl:ol:'). The classifier SOT: is used as a prefix when the
amount enumerated 1s divisible by ten.(See also note above)
C O C . C C Q o m o ~ B w 4 q ~ Q c c y m:mm:ewgm~:m - jGwq{ mGw
qfiE=$~~
nqF=& 8 o n ooo B l z ~ ~ e a6a5c%:(k.$m)m 644 j S 4 8 30 r
o c . c c o 35361 30 ag$c o a w q1E: ~ w $ ~ ~ + c c ~
m:mn:owpa2:m
,Sw.++ mdwq{6=S~l 3a(Uq:338: ;on 3000 Elz$o$ aEaEsog: 0 Q (kdw)m
644 37 8+9 s@ 333e GoE.$@ omeq8R: ~ ~ : m : g c
BwoSgdxn:mm:uoS+m qGwpc mGo3 q{@=$11 3aqplj7: 32k
-
I
Vocabulary
4 u E : pemm *.,4,a @ceq$Zij
n (name) d j international n athletics n invitational
tournament n Myanmar
contingent n gold n silver n bronze n medal v win n (name) n
June n 29 n MNA' n third n time n (name)
conj while n women
n highjump
Note : I. See under Abbreviitions.
ornu n
rt&w n 8cm ooo O Z O E G ~ ( ~ ~ / Y ) ) n
644 n 8+6 n Q%B n 4+m: n ~n:mm:uS n 334pn: n c o o 5 : d n
Selection Thirty-One
-
child n the other n one bank f
ac3T n aunt wl rYs Part classifer for a 8 0 n elder sister
counting +bq ppm with drops, holes 33s v sleep etc. aurYs(~))ss~d n
nine-year-old q . 4 v see; find
v be i t was said part also
n fate 302 v think; believe
n mosquito net (iJl.td conj while
n new settle- n ward ment or sat-
conj because n (territorial)
but also pa& word tor.-
conj as; because n , member of -a n Red Cross
n (name) household v be startled 3 pron who
n 14 ay& (3/G30-m) n No (51650- into wakeful- 2:90~4: n
(name) n New Light ness 3~3: ppm objective
n house owner ppm dative case -case marker7 n home n room
v lower only when
n incident PL one n fangmak -:dmf v hospi~alize
pnn classifier for V\ n o'clock conj in order to
v arrange n June
-
94 conj while 4 n snake !in part emphatic parti- con6
part classifier for cle counting
oE part emphatic creatures
particle .?:cu$:s& v hooded mcco: n boy; lad a$: n
grandfather
4 : n the whole E63 who is body ~ l : ~ & ~ & n bamboo
stick
: v turned blue ens v hit CQ>? part word emphasi- 4 v
kill
zing finality SA part emphatic d n under particle
n water SaZca n (name) b&q v be flooded omq:cm: e n
(name)
ppm inside m: n son m&8: n flashlight ~~~~) n No 2, Middle
4: v play School qdojpad v search along cn&rucnj: n 3%tandard
v' conj as txtpE:cm: n student ,mJsclS~S n central post sup- ar\ r)
been known
porting the ridge- E$q.+&& n Peoples' Po- pole lice
Force
,8m+: n beam QQ+: PZ station r c+:u& n girth -tl-eS: n
coroner's in- rn&q&% n l'/,Kyatss quest
ad n length ='1 ppm in accordance ~ : c m z n three cubit with 4
Y over sccpq v take aciior,
Notes
1. Satellite towns and new settlements havesprung up during the
steward- ship of the State Law and Order Restoration Committee.
2. The sentence final ad is the colloquial form of a$ used in
writing. i 1 3. The objective case marker 4 should have been used
instead. I I 4. The diminutive mccu: as adjective suffixed to a
noun or pronoun
suggests affection, but may sometimes denote condescension on
the part of the speaker. When it is used as a particle in
combination with a noun or adverb it might convey the sense of an
understatement, humility or ~ivility~depending on the context.
5 . In villages and wards of towns houses are grouped in units
of tens or hundreds with a leader ;lo&&d~l8: 'head of a ten
household unit' or cpd6cel8:' head of a hundred household unit'
appointed to take care of community affairs.
6 . Used specifically in connectiori with members of armed
forces or institutions which are subject to some form of
regimentation.
7. Seenote3. 8. Kyat the unit of currency and weight is
sometimes used as to measure
circumference by comparison with that of a 1 Kyat coin of 1 inch
diameter. c?:*:~+: for a circumference with a diameter of' '1, inch
and m&w&$: for a circumference with a diameter of '1, inch
are also used. $ means an additional half-measure of the preceding
unit. Hence, a more exact measure of +:o& aCq6$ is a girth of
4.6 inches.
..,'I
9. or cubit is a unit of measure for length equivalent to 18
inches. 'it., I:$
Other variants such as r o 8 ~ ~ 1 5-2 exist but their use is
now 1 "%.? ys, obsolescent. (
-
Selection Thitty-T'wo
694 84 3 ( & 4 v - E : ) (C-Q cpS g4:4 J r S +64+)
WG?. it& og:?O qo4c8 +:ccuou4e:apqJnS 3aq~:qJl; c o c O C r
o c
% ; $ c a n jSC@qjE:m amqc:qc:cmmyc:l Q ~ G C U : ~ Z : + : o c
0 c
: c c oSSqm;+fj:~ mq~ZE$~uSqjZ G ~ ' ~ ~ " S ~ : I c c c o c o
c
dZ@qcugc - - s c ~ ~ c : q c : ~ m & ~ E : ~ . ~ Z cqcp+c+.F
q $ ~ $ q 0 S 9 1 $e:+.qjE c?cprn+.n@: ~:QJS~J~+:~+SII ~ ~ S W : ~
O S ~ ?:c94$cp -ygcu~:pj.qe ( F x ~ J o c u ~ o ) ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~
q.np44v:r mq:E++.ae - :Q 0 0 C e O C C O C O C O C C ~3sBcmo5 ?
3oqaco)oqm G ~ ~ $ : + ? J : I O B ~ - ~ : O ; ) C : I ~3~03:07c:
.+~ -
c e o c Q e e e o r o o ,
CSZE$?~S+.~E - - @Em& ? S ~ ~ G X ~ ~ ~ C D ~ 5 3 o q 0 ~ m
o q m a y? 0114E$t&9F +Z.:+.qjE ~ B B a k m f i $ u $ 1 1
, d m : ~ E m & c P s s ~ , c ~ II mhnn:oEcuScz&
smEqE:g$ c o c c c C C
Z ~ C ' J W ~ C : & $ ~ ~ B&3)6~3a3:6$:6q~:l q ~ m R ~ :
o c ~ c m c ~ O a ~ c
263auFsamcy ~Sqm8e9zo2?~1 '2 c r o c $ 3 qd ~ ~ c o o 8
atYt:BId~~ 11 6Q:+E:c@my~:~ mom:
- c o c o c C O C O C r I : I ~aqc:,c:cmmyc:~ esfi2:cr;c:ac L d
L ,
-3 ~m:d$E:d$.+ ~qsp++~F q;k$90SgF +E:+p$ cqT3a+.?ab'i: c C : a S
q f i : p ~ e n gx$cpa+: 00 6 6 ~ $ 1 1
C C -irnd6Eq$11 II E$qoEcuuSEZOaS ~ Z : L ~ ~ ~ : C U ~ G ; 3 2
2 ? 3 ? 0 3 { - C i G 3 ! 1 - L
c '2 v+cqclS~$?r II goS3jccu m : 3 a x { 3 a m $ $61211
Vocabulary
monsoon
moderate strength May 3 i day 2 pm Statement issued today
morning 09:30 hours till
n meteoro- logical ob- servation
n summary adj past n 24 n hour
ppnz during n (name) n lower n (name) n (name) v be cloudy n
(name)
tqGPqdv adv in isolated pockets
1886d9.s n (name) acodSE: upper
(northern) part V P W adv over scaitered
areas
.UQE$YJ n remaining states
$6: n divisions ~+~a+,4+ adv on a wide area yoSm:IIOSv n slh
note-
worthy q:c& n amountof
rain fall "itim8:&. n (name) J ~ ~ G ~ O C U ~ G n 2.20
inches 9.32~44 n day tempera-
Lure @@c?nd below normal
do4 cddoq& n 3 centigrade v 9 $ : v be less hrgrnd above
normal Y ppm from 5 dn+SdnqoS n 4 centigrade
-
S n be more Erg about normal 08cu&& n Bay or Bengal
-
situation; inference
southern part central part weak remaining (areas) partly cloudy
June 1 day (name) northern part (name) +
a6 (name) J 9d =!.
v rain with thundery conditions
n 80% n sea
n Myanmar territorial waters
n wave
n a slight amounl
n a moderate amount
adj next n two n day
ppm for
Selection Thirty-Three
~ s w 6 ~ ~ s o ? s a ~ s ~ : ~ ~ l a & ~ s l a ~ &
J
-
Vocabulary
narcotics prohibition; suppression commemo-
ration two kyat worth stamp issue (name) . June 2 1 1095 26 day
fall will' international abuse
M i c k i n g eradication
Ministry of Communica- tions, Posts and Tel- egraphs
Myanma Posts and Telecommu- nications danger prevention new
stamp one
kind state
-
division district township
-communica- tion station (post orfice) at sell special
arrangemenl by
philatelist students citizens for
CO: Pad 4 8 conj 33r86:=ct&O;;rSS 8dC968: n
General Post Office (name) first day cover
give2 besides
commemo-
rative can- cellation of stamps also go3 buyer every marker for
dative case4 regarding educalional exhortation pertaining to
information include that pmphle: cornplimen- w; sth given gratis
give
=4ii$ Pad tlC:m4 n =J n m d conj +uqcc& g:,sCp Y o 3 8 ~ t
adv 0 3 & d ~ ~ : ~ ~ & Pa
03-03F11 n +. PPm E~cP).. . E L a conj o J- J330G n
ad3& v 6i conj
n
other towns
buy collect who would like to as
noon
12 than not later the nearest through telephone number
(01-85477)6 to either.. . or (02 -2 1 506)7 contact and advance
payment can
make pay- ment place order news
get, receive (nu.
-
1. The particle u$ following a verb indicates future. 2. The
particle co: in this phrase indicates that the action described
by the preceding verb has been done for sb's benefit. 3. As a
verb means to go but it often follows another verb or
particle to indicate that such action did, or will certainly
occur. 4. The objective case marker 4- should have been used
instead. 5. mqbz is misplaced in this context, as it means in the
capacity
of. The subjective case marker 33s. is recommended instead. 6.
'Oi-' is the area code for Yangon city and its environs. 7. '02-'
is the area code for telephones in Mandalay and its environs.
selection ~ h i & - ~ o u r
C O C . .,&,d ~ ~ . f i ~ ~ ~ ~ o+E:aq6: 8 ~ 0 3 rns
. . Q 0 o r : - - : . ' - . o , . , . ~ m:zo$ S4:ElL 5 x 9 .
cjq~), m y m o : a z : q ~ ? m z ~ l
f 5 C ? C C Q O C C O C p:woca3:01:+~3aq cse:a:q333~ msp:5(ir:m:
~ m q c s r o e o 0 C ?-pag:,:? p:w6ca:ol:+$ cmTc~E:&cmc3n c z
~ : o ~ : ~ : ~ c c p
-
Vocabulary i
1 4 6 1 n heroin ax: 08:d: v seize 084P q8 v catch q h C n
(name) c d m 8 m n September
I
J ? n 27 , on@ n (name)
9:~ImCP:rn$ n Antinarcotics Special , - Squad -
90 n 10 qcrS n day ~ Q ~ C V ~ ~ n 930 am m b o d d 0 j 8 : ~
a& n Military
Intelligence m d g 4 3 : 8 : w n Customs
Department m4h n responsible
person m
v combine; I I join together aq8:
aoE n entrance -- - 1
Pack Trans- 390
port Unit eCfi I m+:o$ a d v near ! n (name)
(name) depart. leave come
driver (name> conducior (name) driye (name) vehicle Pa/ 2751
on a ti2 stop search when; aMe (name)
4
-1.
13+ ppm with $ : c Q I ~ ~ ~ : n (name) 4 V Put; pack u a d q o
f a d v h a manner
,
333349 G55dq n 1.644 kg arousing n find suspicion
ca8:;od' n link om n Molla brand +& n bring out 3adq8?E n
engine oil 52:q.p on the same $: n can; container
opd:B898 n 9.6; v 49&~~0:ixj~. .iZ ?a. cud: n 00 n
day owner
live in*-- ' \..cuLIC) 38th Street 80 8 1 between (name) house;
home go3
~OSa$dcp adj +a+: n
.473 kg I -
take action narcotic drug with the accused; defendant concerned
police station
OtD- .0183 kg adj psychotro-
Ul6LU ClLeC pic carton once again -:ol: n drug; rnedi- five v
confiscate; cinal sub-
seize numeriod stance classifier comb?* zoc3 n law
team . in; insidt a? ppm according to soapbcs n 21 =nsC v open a
case 110 n 11:30am -: pa* word indi-
n bamboo
-0 - P continuous - c u a : w q n pedestrian condition
cating
-
. ,
i i ( Notes ; 1. In enumerafing things, the object itself is
sometimes reiterated after Selection Thirty-Five
the number in lieu of generic numerical classifiers such as T I
c\i:~ a&., etc.
2. As above. 3. Although the word is equivalent in meaning to go
and would have
been sufficient by itself in the spoken form, the latter word 4
to re.& is usu.ally added in literal and formal usage.
Q O C c o c C mtmqqc:4.qE C q T 3 2 $ 3 2 ~ : l q.@q90)~:0a~ 4 6
P c Q ~ P c c r o c 0 Crilq~$~~9Co?c:0;!qE q~OaOSqp: q:mSqlL+p$m
mqEE$+oSqE
C+6pq&$ j %:E:$z~$ll 9&3;1):B&6P + : ~ q ~ # q p : ~
von40a: 33m~G1mnS~~ ~ q j S : c r n ~ E 333361??m&~+$ q L z c d
O a E 33336)
Q Q C Q O C Q C Q O C O acm:4.':4.qE E8@m6 i3oqacmoqmg
5300qa~aoqcnm 8 0 C Q O C S+B: mqEE$+dqE 66EcrnnS ?soqacmnqm
cqp+$:$m
, .
\ q+3mv:q~ ~ ~ @ ~ 4 - ~ 4 + $ ~ ~ mAm:08mSd D+P~I I 11
mh-:0Em&c33; 603329::
Q O C a$ J$ ~Y9da.$P*:q"Sl~ 11 q?:E$+& I oTomqc:+f . .
j
i . . . . . I . .
. . . . . 1 ' .
. : . . .
., ' . 1 . . .:; . .
. .
. . . . . . .
. -
. .
: . , . . *
. .
. .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . j;:m:i....,.,:.,. . .. . :.;.:,:,;.-:. . .. . .. :..:
-
Vocabulary
4 8 n (name) ESP& n state 8:Sm increase of
rain 84 n June 3 n 1 qcrS n day 88:6 J F ~ n 2 : ~ p r n
clid(349~d n statement
issued -9 n today ++d o e : ? 0 6 n 0 9 3 0 am 08 ppm till,
until { :mom adj meteorologi -
cal 4 8 : q q A n measurement srq$:q16 n summary %$B- tuij past
JS n 24 PS n hour mi$: ppm during;
within Q&+Z: n (name) $a n division
n
n
v
n
n
n
n
adv
n
adv
ad! d%J
v
Y
v
adj n
n
lower part (name) be cloudy (name) (name) (name) (rime> over
wide- spread areas (name) over
scattered areas
remaining in isolzed pockets rain with thundery conditions be.
isolated rain heavily noteworthy rainfall (name)
3 ~ ~ ~ G ? m d u n 5.67 inches s 4 m y n inference n (name) d Q
8 : n south
33339??~d9 n 1.73 inches acudgz: n central n (name) ?OS4- n
monsoon
3 3 v v ~ o c u d u n 1.10 inches ~ X X D + $ C ~ adj weak;
slight '3- n day =mm$mm$ adj moderate 944 n temperature z C + n
evening $: n (name) mmdQ8: n upper part b)~ccu: n (name) ~ s S n
(name)
I @Bad above normal 84 i40+8doqd, n 3 ' ~ 8394 $Jnhj~fdoqd, n
4'C ! v be over ~ 4 : ao @S@eu9A below 0 8 ~ ~ 6 8
normal E J w ~ ~ ~ & & Z =Yr?&: v decrease 6sB
normal +
n (name) degree of certainty
n 80% n sea
n Myanma waters next
an part just; only pf n two
i m A m : o E m d d n (name) 4 ppm for
-
- . I Selection Thirty-Six
i
u L U L U U 0 . g* Vocabulary
n othercountry $6 3~Ed : 8mE: &mEm 3 (336328~321 ;&on)
part notp -ms ~&:$E;.iqp:+ o$=&almy G B & : ~ & = E
: I $(uoScu$ n the 5 0 ~
; . .
oc. I g S : + z h p m ~ : ~ ~ & c E 8 : 1 S:,:c9
~~33nCC-:@:~cc @ b a n c i caqqm - E 8 & + ~ 8 : E $
6osCsE:qEEia ~ J E : o u $ ?Gw n audience
- mgo&?:+- - +&JOE& + b o & m $ ~ a b : a ~ q E
m & 6 s - p & m a v notso n president : o r co c : oq33Oj
3000051): 13903 O?JtaGC:m c@&:~J$II
c ip5E$w7 8: y:ev mas s398moncusqE: @.Ep n September m$ adj
coming c n 5
c a q { ~ ~ A cpJf)$:qj&cp: E & z ~ & c z & ~ ~
c a q 4 E ~ : ~ J G : 3 n 15 , .
en ,- n MNA2 orxu n time; penod o3QmLZXY3 w-
$m:GZ:m$:mQ&na{~nSold: 32@:32&CU ppm wi thin3
' 0?~$8si:rn c b E : m $ ~ ~ @.&4:o36 v develop 2 4 8 m2m
mJ$Z,&m mQ&E$m$ +9Gmb~a&6 m$
c oc crcn&ysoac~ pcimon o & o ~ : q E ~ S : ~ d : ~ ~ ~
q m 6 c ~ Z : + ~ q6m2x$ ~ 6 : ~ 6 : ~ , {~tb:~,:~01~+ cnQOSE$m $ ~
E E v attain; fulfil
c 0' aioO?tm:~$ijQeE:~$~$j: q!%aZ:m a o & m & c b q m $
~ ~ v succeed
- - C ~ . * 3 4 LU cy3241.CY3 q&cy&d o3Q$d
B6:6@6pq6Z#'3
. . c 0 i e r n c ~ ~ w m $ ~ s ~ s @ ~ ~ E : ~ ~ Tqqp:a sqE:+5
z++a$ v want. o r- c co c
c ~ u ~ : R ~ ~ c : u 33$030?~t@b)~:m ~@453$11 oe. roc.
n Chinese :eqsqm&+: +ccmaf.cca~ qZkTp 6325 Communist
c o o c wT nqnan:g ~ 6 : e ~ & 3 3 f E m F n 7 cornm+m -
.
party -Epu$ mQ&++p:rn m9&d &*&ooS3.qE
. .
. .
. .
. .
-
- " j 4a&c3bmd8 : -- I ...ae:403 - -2j ! t++dcy n socialist
=@=~2! n
moderniza- tives -9 ulterior mo-
tion con- ~ F Q on earth
struction q$cqscpm5q: most populoa 5 cemm ?' adj international ~
~ ~ d t 8 ~ $ of a country
oo304:cqE C Y J E ~ C P adv rapidly gsqs:- , peacefulenvi-
00&&$:mcr3hy n modernization
-
ronment 885 ,...a*c i qdcub adj independent mq334)3: n i ! ~ 5 :
q 1 5 : ~ adj peaceful i {8tbr*fcFyols n foreignpolicy 4 t33d-C. v
$88 adv firmly; ~ c u + C I strictly , G S ~ P n \11ar11c)
=$548 v grasp, hold onto %29: v aim at - .-- ,-+ ,e .
UIIC, a
position could fear
;lo&cu& adv continuously w v speak; say;
comment
n sphere ot influence
v expand . .
: 4 6 4 4 conj therefore m4.m: v prevent : q ~ t & n some
people 8d more
. .
: qdqF v spread, ' . d4: v i propagate v UCI~CVC
FS:cf~cfio n threat adv at present; nov C C ~ Y X U ~ V ~ ~ ~ n
rumor
~ ~ 4 ! i ~ ~ f i 'groundless
pracuse L..l:.....-
v refer v be apparent
denoted by the 2. See under Abbreviations.
3 \ 1 Il:j$ f- 3. Postpositional marker suffixed to a noun to
indicate temporal or I I 32
locative case (euuivalent in usage to ~re~osit ion within).
- - -. ( . n those(peop1e) n diplomat
: . .... ~. ~~ ~ ~.
. ~.
-
1 mmq": E9&m G (a6a8cal~p81 @&XI) I aqca:tp:m6cpm$
a+rnoaqqqm C C ao?sSg.d mtE: I C O C C r o c 0 r o c t c@@aah:gg
actg 330&mrnqt2 ~ E c ~ r n z u o : ~ r n ~ r n a ~ ~ ~
C O C C aecn:rr:m6w: actca +trnyc:a rntE:Bl.qE:+.
oEcsprrSccr~
, 44%; mqE:~.q~.m:v sEpOenS+:@a$~~ y-p$qp:m$ , zqsg.
~6$:%6m:c3;n ~~a8:033:+. ~ : 0 3 $ c ~ C 6 c ~ : ~ x $ ~ '
q m s q m&~OSc~~3~fi+:m ckE:m$11 SZ:g.m ynaxs ?orno aj~qjO5
~ E P E ~ ~ : ~ S ~ : ~ P ~ &~+x+~$II
m+E:&. m6:o@:ve$E a4on:qx mfm:yxgf olm:qp: O C O C ;$yno
qrmE:9E:cm mm~mc@C6c~.c+s$11 aq3aOS4,
i + S q n S b c ~ ~ mmoSoEoS obaoS8cEc m+E:m. c+cpmV:3a@:K a d n
jWu$ 9&~mocT&v:m$q es8m eh):m:x$il
pJ.rno&+f a:q; ~ f ~ " m E : ~ m Cq,;q&+3& (rrnxcq i
cEqc$q ~&yFmm+m&8:m cb@:m$ll m6:yp:c&Tqe
Ft'@:@E: obaoSpv: ;ooSmO5~by:c+~& cmoS+m 1 cC+33$11 j C O O
O O C tjnSonamE:a aTGqoqE qsSsaygoi.o;, ~8ca:cp:~ cq:oa
C C 00 C O O 0 C acEc:za: mG3:unx3cn m973, oqmoam
~603E~oS~+E:~g
C C O C gEcmmn+gz,qE:rn moSmnSknS&-A ~ s ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ ~ ~ +
qmq;:
104
Vocabulary
(name> Croatian forces have seized (name> offensive
Serbian President condemn (name> 1 August +@ 6 +:4. -
~0 ,000 artillery sup- PO* taking Serb town used as a
foothold
I 11
v
pron n
PPm n
v
n
PPm
people town abandon refugees control head for run away UN reiief
official say they 30,000 for preparation been made main roads
on
n tank QV% n Saturday m + m i,,;tq =g&md@ n dawn $4 . conj
and
,?$ , 3 F" except . . PPm at
v enter qqmf :+: v clear of ~. . v seize . . .
-
1
/ &&+q.v be silent and cqrcl& v be left behind I
desolate +%%! n spokesman
+& n two !&YF n major 9& n day s , + c ~ ? : n
(name) 6 V last; go on : d v sporadic srnduE& d v continuously;
o&o&yF n fire-fights
incessantly a&wd6&p v continue to v
conj n
adj n
n
n
v
-
shell; fire occur because of g&m33m& n Reuter place
newsreport many ac#a/Sq$ed n (name) building 6am89% v condemn heap
of rubble s+E:o48: n community state m&a&b&b& udv
effectively; be reduced decisively to, reach p6cFy&gEd v take
action
part that 4 conj to : V i v report; .5.E.64: v urge C6\:m:
comment 4 v report @\.rn@\.~: n entire town P@ udj another 4:J:
udv practically; v evacuate
almost w:c(wa8 conj when : FZ dead bodies ,daq aid 3n just; only
wm&& v request
Selection Thi . . - ., - I . ~ , . . . , . , . : .
.- . - . ,'~J , - ,. ' . 7 . . . .
. .. . . . . -. . . . : , . ' . . ...~ . . , . . . . . - .
, . .>. . . . .. . .. . I . . . .
.~ - . . ..
. , . .
. - . 66 :::( 336 ' .I 63 836P) , i s 6 ~
-
3 j o 4 : ~ a l : m & ; ~ i ~ B : ~ ~ E C ~ ~ : ~ $ C @ ~ :
I 0&6$jm$: d$qn&u$ qj%g ,g@Em-E86ctq+. q,s'@s:,,
crncm@:~?~:B:~$ ?sp:m q ~ ~ ~ c a O S o a G c ~ ~ : .j:zqoaE t O
C
=ge:c@&.s:,, $4 G:&:+Z:?oS@:v: GlYSd ~ o ~ o - & w 0
c Bs,.,m6c sqaY,:$nSqm:pW q,Sc&Z:. p@:v:=$,l . .
n Pyu culture4 n cave-temple2 ~ l l l ~$0 "71 :~ Vocabulary v
thrive, . . -: . n (name)' 6d n (name) @ T q x ~ g 8 : s ~ ~ o 8 n
Myanmar
n (name)' ='C'-l-@Cp 44 n area rnpcy$e$a$ n tourist
n new town &$pcS=: v inspect
~ 6 : 8 $ + 8 : ~ d n road sign n chairman
r ) c d s + n building , . :. v accompany
~@:@:M:M adj valuable; ad=& aq'j that which is relevant
n board of trus- n distance n Ministry of q6
v be situated v accompany v remain
part that which is
-
. . . .
.
. . &el: .y ' . n - . door . . ..,, .: I sq$: ;: . .
n brief mGcnE v put on . d:b4E:+ n separate sign d:$ . adj good
board
1 ;D&m&$j lrdv continue to ' ~ o h c S S - ~ + n
English- m& conj also; as well Myanmar ! q m & ~ $ ~ n what
is neces- )&- n bilingual
6+ sary ppm with; through; i 43 in adv always, ever i v
instruct
1 &:an: v try; attempt ++ i ! . , %!6:@8: n past, history 1
1 i i i I I
!
Notes t 1 1. Sriksdra one of the ancient Pyu capitals of
Myanmar, lies five miles I south-east of Pyay on the left bank of
the Ayeyarwady and about 180 I miles north-west of Yangon. j 2. A
cavetemple is a temple with a hollow, vaulted base with an image 1
or images of the Buddha on a central block, usually surmounted
by
terraces and a square-based curvilinear tower ending in a
conical finial. : 3. A stupa is an edifice enshrining sacred
objects. It is usually built in
the shape of a bell-shaped tumulous resting on a series of
receding
1 ~, terraces-anditself crowned by a spire ending in a tiered
conical finial. 4. The Pyu are a people who had once inhabited the
centra! part of the
country during ancient times and left behind inscriptions,
Buddhist monuments, and numerous artifacts of their culture. Their
dress,
. . - . . . . .
cles of the Chinese no longer existed as a nation after the 1
lth century AD.
-
(of nce kernel) 9 d f d q E : v protect and - , _,
i@bit-~-?~1"-_ "
- .,-- - - - - -
0dm8nxu n September . peek out from -
h e split husk 24
monsoon rice! e&l plant let's
d n d: n P+N n mu3 o o p 34: adv 32mg:qns adv +!dens ~.(pq8d
one
crop July
cvxm adv 8.s v 6% m34n54ccl : 0 : n
+SjS6: v reap, harvest f8 part ' be able to ?OSw n second d + !
m n October : crdv as quickly as
possible 1:
hour in the middle of before aoEccmrS v
~1:-9l4w~ ,I 4:.(p91 v q.taq05 conj
germinate Ministry of Agriculture
to completion in rows
seed planter plant seed or June
29 @cu$?d v replant 'I ~2 ppm - T: bd mdcu n third 'I
i?
3266 n as f i dqdd:+ n oleaginous crops, I
oilseed crous
plant seed di- rectly word to denote suggestion, order etc. be
tilled thor-
string guideline evenly acre
12 million
seedling two
summer paddy 4
week 9:
- ' '3 n three ad:+ n legumes ,. total
d conj 4 n
v
[5: conj 9 n Wd v
v
suSfo l~&~+: n
-
04. part approximately, n moisture - .,
Z&L about 9 v get, receivc' @: ,,%.- qco:c$E: v irrigate 98
ppm in &. *.. 033 conj and at the s; , .: @--* - dE:qnS v till
and weed 5
-
time
plant; cultivate basket1 1,000 7 333 n chemical ferti- +:d: n
three croDs - production target cany O U l
lizer 94 v get? ~ ~ b m c q adv systematically oEcS n income
($@m)q~: n provide
d: adj adma:+ v 3 a c ~ r f i d : adj 4 n v9lJ v 32+:& v
word indicating continuous process Pests effectuation
-I n disease c84wns v till ~ 9 8 ~ 3 v care
*.(ppl v plant
word denoting politeness first
-
WLLLL~UW
dry task; job every machine power
=0;1=$ ~:oScT adj 64~$.S+y cydcS: n
assistance, help nearest
Myanma Agriculture
9 $ : " ~ n technique Services $8 conj and +: ppm with $,a v
need; require C\q v obtain
' Notes
i I . cn8: is a unit measure for grain approximately equa: to a
bushel. 2. Here the conj d is in reality an elided form of
44ljgom8. 3. See also note below. 4. This combination of two verbs,
the former mea ing 'to get 31 izg. e x .
and the latter meaning 'to be; have' is often used in formi;l
communica- tion in lieu of the single preceding verb, with which it
has the same meaning.
1
, ,;. - :,::Z;L; ,;&J..
';;*&$iF
Selection Forty . . ' .. ;;s::::- .-.
. .
. . -
. ,
;!: .;. . .
. .
.. . . .
, . , . .. .
~$~9)713g933338~;)~0&03?8 ..;: : .
d 8 0 3 6 E E G O 8 ~ ~ L
-
-a,,g* v Public %isd
direct as such
- -
Relations c : n and Psycho-
social objective
c 0 . O O C 9 6 s m S o 2 ~ ~ p : a c g E &
~l:~cy;cg:muqoS+$m;q~:~ sq:cg:z+c: logical War- mqFp& fare
national prestige racial prestige cultural heritage national
characteris- tic to preserve; to keep alive
a$@:cvylF n director dp& n $ ( % ' I F $ I ~ ~ n Brigadier
Vocabulary
n n (name)
& G Y ? ~ @ j m ~ d n Myanmai '22 part marker for anyein *
future tense
cn&crp& v attend v give address
S & & : U ~ : ~ n invitee dance ~anu$:d adv as
regards
(as a form of entertainment) 0mamm,5 n first $ E ~ C + ~ O S S @
: ~ d n (name) m S 0 s a r S ~ 4 6 ~
U
am$smg: n standard cysc4:$8&
o $ m n S 6 + ~ : ~ ~ rt promotion ,,.+,,: . .
n coordination preserve and advance- meeting
safeguard $$:q18 n Commander -in-Chief of the Defense
ment (name) competition working commitice
today afternoon 1 130 pn1 Nalional Theatre
nuturing patriolism4 aims and objectives in the begin- ning of
the month stan coordinate address: st.a*z
Services $ % ~ ~ Y I F ~ ? : n Senior Gen-
eral Q$:w: v '0'' mee'ing odob:cad n parlour ~ T C n (name) -7 Y
ppm in; at ,qe PI J U I Y
GG~: parf word denoting
m $ : ~ a n (name) aaQ3aP$ ~ d j genuine
i e&6cmoqpnS v not extinct G o 6 a state, action @:+ n The M
i ~ o r or skill3
Daily 223s m chairman m3u2 ~ $ j cr;lxing txcq.S~cFo$@:
o&mc'mco ~r Sep tern bc,r P-9 n Ministry of qE pprz in
Defense
w
~ E ~ F Q ; n anyein omE v artiste a& v
CXC+f n social status &@: v ~ c m d - j ; a c & ~ v
help; aid 1
-
Notes
I . The noun and adjective 6 4 ~ representing the nation and
language is romanized as Myanmar while the possessive 6Jw is
romanized as Myanma.
2. s@ anyein literally means sth gracefully sumpluous or
mrlod~ously mellow, and as a form of dance ir is a non-dramatic
peiffir:ilance in which a female artist sings, dances to the
accompaniment of light music, and is usually supported by
comedians.
3. The word csy suffixed to a verb or noun denotes some purpose,
concern, business or affair in connexion with it.
Selection Forty-One ,
. o s ~ ~ a r c o ~ r d s o ? ~ ~ & c \ 3 6 ~ $ 8 ~ ~ m 3 ~
$ 'to L
q;q$ $8 7 (=mE:+) o e o r . c c 0 c o c qc:pcc oqcmmEl.3askpm p
c t k : 9:m&sa3:ol:a.$qEsq
o c . \ o r r e e 32g.2gti rnsq31 p ~ c q m 8 g , ~
opcmnpcqcocuoj sa lE:smEcm C C Q 8 C 3 a ~ ~ o c t p ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ w
~ E t ~ p : w b s a : 0 l : n ~ ~ 6 m : a : m q w c y
c c-y:c$iqp:c$ c q m q q U ) ( I ; ~ ~ . ~ C ~ ~ ~ : ~ Z
q;T;El.q. c m c E E :
c 3463 6.r6@$ll c&..g..aE t+...6Eci me4311 E L ~ I c p e f ~
c o c . c c q6zmmq1 q c q : 8 ~ ~ 1 G J ~ I 3a:?%:qx1 q ~ q p c c
~~Q:cu):+F 3ak2!
c o c c 0 c EZqchP +n$.y (d :~mca:o l :q~(P arrS~cV3aGPHv U I O
E ~ $ I I n+ol 4; tb: y : w 6 ~ a : o l : a ~ ~ ~ s ~ ~ a $ ~ ~ $
wsa+qnS~E:o$
o r 0 c a 6 ~ c m ~ c & p F m & e c d m & ~ ~ ~ : ~
0 - i m 3 1 3 1 v : s c p 6 c q m ~ ~ :
\ 0 r c o r 0 O$:DaY~:OaE E+M$ZC W : ~ 6 e a : ~ l : p F
mmqc&jE:cSem~m
-
Vocabulary
q:cu&a: n narcotic drugs
m:d: v deter v prevent
y6c~ : n task, job CCu-' v observe 94 conj in order to
fE~&:y:w6w:o?: m4,q2cg~& n Foreign
Anti-narcor- ics Comm:~- nity arrivei (name) June 7 (11 mi e)
(11 am e) base chairmar! :he RQ y 2:: Canadian
ce?2:---6 v lead +j,oE n member 3& n (name) 2: part person2
&+Ez n (name) d P P ~ of =A cpS n danger 49 . n yesterday
c-ox.@E:~q:b$ by air
r GC : adj it; this; that (name) (name) (name) (name) (name)
(name) (name) (name) embassy
Interpol Police Z O & & C C , : Z I ~ ~ ~ n liaison
q- n Mr. officer m~8788&d n (name) 07 08 v include
wc+ n today 4.5. conj in that ~~"Sg8: n morning TO;^^ conj whens
c 8 0 8 Q c ~ d d n (name) cxnE8dq@ n measuresun- rn&c~da83~4$:
dertaken 64% n Defense yoSmS:m8dS~ n documenta-
Services ry video film Museum Q d a E ~ d n slide projec-
v~6p& v visit3 tor s4:$~5: n afternoon ~ @ $ r n q a n
map
narcotic drugs central committee Joint Secretary Police
Colo-
KG ppm with, by means of
98:cu8: v explain EX v show
e 032: part also 9c':4d pron their
n country n organisation
ppm according to v combat
adv in return; v present
conj then; after ppm objective that
case marker v cooperate v improve;
progress n business;
room matter v come4 w: p p ~ n dac ~ v e case v meet markeP
n (name)'
-
~@m: adv on behalf of xm2: p9m:a n dinner 4 a$ v host
Notes
1 . Thecombination of ccp& (to arrive, reach) and 4 (have;
be) and the similar 395 are to be found in formal usage. In
ordinary communications +I C,I 6 to denote "arrive, get, know"
respec- tively suffices. IE formallterms, such as aS+.$ (pronounce)
and m q f ,
i (want),' however 6 is an integral part of the term irself. k.
1 g 2. Although the use ~f the numerical classifier 3: conveys a
dignified I sense in cornparisfin with the other numerical
classifier for persons -41 $& ,etc.. a e former may be also
found in terms such as $2: 1 +ton5 (both sides p&z:p60 (both) I
+:z:~Scl:8 (fish made with I I three kinds of fisi-. : or m 6 ~ : m
8 m 4 (someone). I I 3. Thecombined fez: of*: (go) and ccp&
(arrive; reach) to denote the , act of going and cx (come) and c@
(arrive, reach) to denote the act i of coming is for fcimal usage.
j
4. As above. 5. functions s a conjuncrion, linking a verb wit11
the followii~g
c c c modifier (as in c--2+:mm:spqc o ; U ~ : q ~ y ~ $ ~ ~ . .
. is very adept in playing soccer.)
6. The objective mzl:r $ should have been lised instead. 7 .
a4+- refers to i?:z Central Committee for Drug Abuse Controi
n news
v get8 Selection Forty-Two
U U L i 90 0 8. See Note I . ( ~ o $ ~ $ ~ & c ~ o $ @ :
mflyqmm$: nca+$;,..8:qu$ cmcm
. -
. .
. ~
. . . . ..
-
amdfi conj if .8.=Qd conj therefore 13wr
I
11 problem m8mpc\i: n the whole ' I Q C ~ ~ C U $ v benot
ivorld
resolved 8:gxcY 11 economy c3Tm n dollar 54 ad), n~ore
c -9: n million @doqlS:m bi' wealthy
r o c c 0 0 o r c y ~ y c ~ q c q ~lq&T071G+~$U;1~m y : ~ V
o { W v : ~ @ ~ r n E r n 360 n 5,900 aCY6~CqE i~t~sliless 6 6 2 :
amEc o&Ean:u211 8: n worth 37&+ v doing fine
q ~ + 8 6 e m n Japanese wn8:an: v profit Vocabulary luxury car
GFP v proclaim
E33$:cg?e n midnight &dm: n motor car $ u d v avoid; evade
[363nSo&c$:@ v exact cu~C4.adcv
o$@: 11 Japanese c6p2:odcv n trade mq"$$: n spare P J F L ~
punitive hlinistcr of
n disputation t q : c ~ c r S IZ rnai.icet duties Trade v star?;
c o n -
11 sovcrnrnent -m5&m adv zarlier
such as con8:+~& 11 demand n agreement v rt:linquish
Jl 11k)W n American
n Wednesday mmZa7h n agreement 9&ccs/SG%F - 11 declare
f i v.'e ~ .XJC)C~~ corl~ I I O ~ o ~ l l y
cn603~C\i:8:~c~n world , c$#:~"SQJX n objectives economy E $ j v
E
. , . ,..
-
~cp~mu5 &60$ ppm wiii ==Yqf n unilateral q- part that
action 8 : 4 5 ~ 4 n n fear $@$36 n prerogatives adv recently
EYnS v destroy etc
t v be tantamount v reveal
,
Rote
1. Postpositional marker suffixe.d to nouns to indicate
purpose(equiva1ent in usage to the preposition for ar such phrases
as for the sake of, so as to.
. . Selection Forty-Three - - - -.
. -
C k)Cn?k) 83 6 C 5 8 5 3 r k ) 8 ~ 6 0 8 6 T B
-
E$bnqqE$.a? &:t8:c~Ev:cf ~.$m$m$~anc&~E:~:@ &$M
?~w&.c& n second cad8 e c O C . +Ec+, 3 ~ ~ 6
&Ma4v:gOoaZ m c C p & E o z + c c ~ ~ ~ m ) e & $
capital 3 ) c 4 ~ 3 + 3 3 8
@ a b m : R ~ c d n Mandalay v:m: 6 $ ~ ~ 4 ~ + . a 7 q$jFPOS~
~30!+0Scf C O E ~ : ~ & E G ~ . E ~ $ City .u~@J. @ula3$11
ounodft ccu: n Greater 6 $ m +
+:c+ojm: G(u:E~.~ 3aa$EC GCU:B~~G& Edscq~soa& scu&
-.. Mandalay
conj
become aim at undertake responsibil- ity before
Q . o r ~ ~ c o : ~ ~ ~ S C $ : ~ atlm+:mm3aOaE: E:8:$E&b$11
taking (over) Vocabulary
o m a@ great m&: n road
v construct
v lose touch
n. state n town
3nm n power adv i f i wonder Q$:G8@& v assume q S s 6 p 6 ~
~ d ~ n sth over-
v fall into dis- manner
El. n town em+$- adj unsighel y adj beautiful 3)q,p&
v be modem n new building
a 4 broad a@ straight n arched
bridge n sovereign,
independent adv for many
years n people who
have existed' (as)
adj civilized4 n Myanmar
King a@ the last
v reign n Konbaung
dynasty n King
Thibaw n royal
capital of Mandalay
n Myanmar culture
n heritage v preserve
-
oq% IF n commander n palace of a military
building region C O S : ~ ~ ~ n guidance v renovate
n iavages of QY war @?-I&
v adopt; follow conj while
@6 pprn due to ~$0831)30~3~~\: v be destroyed fmSYDS n comittee
for y]&$: (urban) A q m $ t + d v rebuild develo~ment -
1996 / 3 e e ~ i 2 9 s n chairman @qQt$wi&n Visit
(%1.&0+ n mayor 1 Myanmar Year
m c s p ~ v come, visit
i ad pprn will {Etmcm adj international i \ a&$ n visitor t
! m: pprn to6
n national prestige
k dg& n pride of ! c ancestry
a&pp adv distinctly; plainly
1
6;q. v see I pcQq4 to become
g r o r ~ ( u ~ ~ c : ~ c : Q ~ P W I ~ ~ n Central
Command
a$Of--..a.fj~ 4:md66y rs ad vancement
of urban de- velopment
8~~~34: n project 91~05 a, lay down q:@.c&d~&&-&
ndj cdirtinc~ively
impressive
=QCf4c adj high-class q:41A n Royal -
Legy o Market
Cldb CN:C& n Mandalay Hill
n ivzlled precincts of the royal palace
q -. ;. L..;:; . , . n . moat . , . . c q ~ : c y q b c ~ : . .
, n : water.distn- . : 0dco$cu8: n encircling . . . . bution
road mcu n period 44. v broaden -go$: ppm within
v upgrade @a: v accomplish . .
I : , ':
Notes
I. is an abbreviated form of Mandalay. ' . 2. "scfp$' is
redundant in this context, as it,or rather b c @ ' from which
it is derived, means 'in the capacity of,' and in actual usage
substituted s9
with the adverb 'as' ( as in"n;U$~& mm$:m~o: mmo&3a6+EF
. . . , 'As chairman of this meeting, I.. .'). As such, it could
have been left out altogether in this sentence.
3. The particle is derived from the adjective meaning
'good-looking' or 'favorable' and is used here as an intensifier in
the form of a
