Lung Lung CapacityCapacity

Tidal VolumeTidal VolumeTV: The amount of air TV: The amount of air going into or out of going into or out of the lungs on single the lungs on single breath.breath.

Expiratory reserve Expiratory reserve VolumeVolumeERV: Air left to be ERV: Air left to be exhaled AFTER exhaled AFTER normal breathing normal breathing (exhalation)(exhalation)

Inspiratory Reserve Inspiratory Reserve volumevolumeIRV: The amount of IRV: The amount of air you can take in air you can take in after tidal volume.after tidal volume.

Vital CapacityVital CapacityVC: Total amount of air VC: Total amount of air you can move.you can move.

VC = TV + IRV + ERVVC = TV + IRV + ERV

Inspiratory Inspiratory CapacityCapacityIC: How much air IC: How much air you bring inyou bring in

IC = TV + IRVIC = TV + IRV

Residual VolumeResidual VolumeRV: What is left in the RV: What is left in the lungs that you can not lungs that you can not move!move!

DEAD SPACEDEAD SPACEAir in passage way that Air in passage way that never makes it to gas never makes it to gas exchange.exchange.

TV: 500 ml about 150 ml TV: 500 ml about 150 ml is dead.is dead.

IRV

ERV

FULL OF HOT AIR FULL OF HOT AIR Lets see who has Lets see who has the largest lungs the largest lungs shall we? 449shall we? 449

External External respirationrespirationGetting air from the Getting air from the atmosphere into the atmosphere into the blood. (gas to blood. (gas to dissolve into liquid)dissolve into liquid)

HemoglobinHemoglobin (Hb)(Hb)Oxygen is not very Oxygen is not very soluble, so it binds to soluble, so it binds to the carrier hemoglobin the carrier hemoglobin on the RBC.on the RBC.

HemoglobinHemoglobinHb + OHb + O22 HbO HbO22 (oxyhemoglobin)(oxyhemoglobin)

HemoglobinHemoglobinThe hemoglobin The hemoglobin contains iron, this is contains iron, this is where Owhere O22 attaches. attaches.

Iron Iron Hb Hb RBC RBC

Decompression Decompression SicknessSicknessDivers go to deep for Divers go to deep for too long. Extra pressure too long. Extra pressure FORCES nitrogen to FORCES nitrogen to dissolve into blood.dissolve into blood.

Decompression Decompression SicknessSicknessIF they come up too IF they come up too fast nitrogen forms fast nitrogen forms bubbles in joints: “the bubbles in joints: “the bends”bends”

CO poisoningCO poisoningCarbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless,colorless, odorless,

Attached to Hb before Attached to Hb before oxygen does and you oxygen does and you suffocatesuffocate

TABLE Time:TABLE Time:

Find the percentage Find the percentage of Oxygen and of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide that Carbon dioxide that we use or expel.we use or expel.

:: TABLE TIME TABLE TIME OxygenOxygenAtmosphereAtmosphere 160 mm Hg160 mm Hg

AlveoliAlveoli 100 mm Hg100 mm HgCapillaryCapillary 40 mm Hg40 mm HgTissue/CellsTissue/Cells 20 mm Hg20 mm Hg

:: TABLE TIME TABLE TIME OxygenOxygenAtmosphereAtmosphere 21%21%

AlveoliAlveoli 13%13%CapillaryCapillary 5%5%Tissue/CellsTissue/Cells 3%3%

:: TABLE TIME TABLE TIME COCO22AtmosphereAtmosphere .3 mm Hg.3 mm Hg

AlveoliAlveoli 40 mm Hg40 mm HgCapillaryCapillary 45 mm Hg45 mm HgTissue/CellsTissue/Cells 50 mm Hg50 mm Hg

:: TABLE TIME TABLE TIME COCO22AtmosphereAtmosphere .0003%.0003%

AlveoliAlveoli 5.3%5.3%CapillaryCapillary 6%6%Tissue/CellsTissue/Cells 6.6%6.6%

Internal Internal RespirationRespirationGetting blood to Getting blood to tissues and cells.tissues and cells.

SaturationSaturationHow much of the How much of the hemoglobin is carrying hemoglobin is carrying oxygen, at normal oxygen, at normal pressure ~ 97% pressure ~ 97% saturation.saturation.

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting saturationsaturation1. Temperature: 1. Temperature: When temperature When temperature goes down , goes down , saturation goessaturation goes

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting saturationsaturation2. Acidity: 2. Acidity: ph down = ph down = acidity up = acidity up = saturation down=saturation down=

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting saturationsaturation3. Pressure:3. Pressure:Pressure downPressure downSaturation downSaturation down

Effect of Effect of altitude (4)altitude (4)1. Less pressure with 1. Less pressure with higher altitude.higher altitude.

2. Increase breathing 2. Increase breathing rate for more air.rate for more air.

Effect of altitudeEffect of altitude3. Heart rate increase 3. Heart rate increase to move more blood.to move more blood.

4. Body produces more 4. Body produces more RBC’sRBC’s

COCO22 Transport TransportGetting COGetting CO22 out of out of tissues. 3 ways to do tissues. 3 ways to do it.it.

COCO22 Transport Transport1. 8% CO1. 8% CO2 2 taken by taken by plasmaplasma

COCO22 Transport Transport2. Hemoglobin 2. Hemoglobin carries about 25%carries about 25%

COCO22 Transport Transport3. Carbonic Acid3. Carbonic AcidCOCO22 + H + H22O O HH22COCO33

HH++ + HCO + HCO3 3 --

COLOR OF BREATH LABCOLOR OF BREATH LAB

LAB TIMELAB TIME