8/14/2019 Lung Cancer Leaflet

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lung-cancer-leaflet 1/2

BiologyAScourse

2013

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Symptoms

Respir!tory symptoms: coughing,coughing up blood, whee-ing orshortness of bre!th

Systemic symptoms: weight loss,fe"er, clubbing of the fingern!ils,or f!tigue

Symptom due to loc!l compress:chest p!in, bone p!in, superior"en! c!"! obstruction, difficultysw!llowing

f the c!ncer grows in the !irw!y, itm!y obstruct !irflow, c!usingbre!thing difficulties. 'heobstruction c!n le!d to!ccumul!tion of secretions behindthe bloc/!ge, !nd predispose topneumoni!.

Carcinogens in Tobacco Smoke '!rAresenicBen-ene!dmium+orm!ldehydeolonium210hromium1,3But!diene

Description of the effect ofcertain components and thedevelopment of the disease:

 '!r in tob!cco smo/e is the princip!l ofse"er!l subst!nces found in tob!ccosmo/e th!t !re identified !s c!rcinogens. 'hese re!ct directly or "i! bre!/down

with A in epithelieti!l cells to producemut!tions, which !re the first in ! seriesof ch!nges th!t le!d to the de"elopmentof ! m!lign!nt tumour. As the c!ncerde"elops it spre!ds through the bronchi!lepithelium !nd enters the lymph!tictissues in the lung. 4hen the tumor h!sgrown enough it st!rts to push !g!instthe chest, !nd the p!tient st!rts tode"elop new physiologic!l effects such !s! persistent cough5 blunt, !ching !ndconst!nt p!in in the chest ells m!ybre!/ !w!y !nd spre!d to other p!rts of

the body, cre!ting second!ry tumours6)et!st!sis7, !ffecting the rest of thebody !nd potenti!lly c!using de!th

A closer loo/on lung

c!ncer!nd how to pre"ent it 

8/14/2019 Lung Cancer Leaflet

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General components oftabacco

 'here !re !ppro8im!tely 900 ingredientsin cig!rettes. 4hen burned, they cre!temore th!n &,000 chemic!ls. At le!st 0 ofthese chemic!ls !re /nown to c!usec!ncer, !nd m!ny !re poisonous.

<ere !re ! few of the chemic!ls intob!cco smo/e, !nd other pl!ces they !refound:

Acetone = found in n!il polish remo"erAcetic Acid = !n ingredient in h!ir dyeAmmoni! = ! common household

cle!nerArsenic = used in r!t poisonBen-ene = found in rubber cementBut!ne = used in lighter fluid!dmium = !cti"e component in

b!ttery !cid!rbon )ono8ide = rele!sed in c!r

e8h!ust fumes+orm!ldehyde = emb!lming fluid<e8!mine = found in b!rbecue lighter

fluid>e!d = used in b!tteries!phth!lene = !n ingredient in moth

b!lls)eth!nol = ! m!in component in

roc/et fuelicotine = used !s insecticide '!r = m!teri!l for p!"ing ro!ds

 'oluene used to m!nuf!cture p!int

onsumption !nd e!th !ssoci!tedst!tistics:>ung c!ncer:

Smo/ers !re 1? times more li/ely tode"elop lung c!ncer th!n nonsmo/ers.

@nethird of !ll c!ncer de!ths !re directly

result of cig!rette smo/ing.

2 of smo/ers die of lung c!ncer.

 'he ris/ of de"eloping lung c!ncerincre!ses if smo/ers inh!le5 st!rt young5incre!se the number of cig!rettes smo/edper d!y5 use high t!r cig!rettes5 smo/efor ! long time 6smo/ing one p!c/et ofcig!rettes per d!y for forty ye!rs is eight

times more h!-!rdous th!n smo/ing twop!c/ets for twenty ye!rs7.

 'he ris/ of de"eloping lung c!ncer st!rtsto decre!se !s soon !s smo/ing isstopped, but it t!/es ten or more ye!rs toreturn to the s!me ris/ !s ! nonsmo/er

!ch ye!r million people die by dise!sesc!used by t!b!cco5 it is estim!ted th!t by2030 the !mount of de!th will double.

@ther Ris/ +!ctors !ssoci!ted with thede"elopment of the dise!se

Exposure to asbestos: Asbestos fibers!re silic!te fibers th!t c!n persist for !lifetime in lung tissue following e8posure to!sbestos. 'he wor/pl!ce is ! commonsource of e8posure to !sbestos fibers, !s!sbestos w!s widely used in the p!st forboth therm!l !nd !coustic insul!tionm!teri!ls. 'od!y, !sbestos use is limited orb!nned in m!ny countries including hile.

Passive Smoking: inh!l!tion of tob!ccosmo/e from other smo/ers sh!ring li"ing orwor/ing Cu!rters, Rese!rch h!s shown th!tnonsmo/ers who reside with ! smo/erh!"e ! 2& incre!se in ris/ for de"elopinglung c!ncer when comp!red with other nonsmo/ers. An estim!ted 3,000 lung c!ncerde!ths occur e!ch ye!r in the D.S. th!t !re!ttribut!ble to p!ssi"e smo/ing.

ir Pollution: 8posure to Air pollution,from "ehicles, industry, !nd power pl!nts,c!n r!ise the li/elihood of de"eloping lungc!ncer in e8posed indi"idu!ls for longperiods of time. 1 of lung c!ncer de!ths!re !ttribul!ble to this

Exposure to radon gas: R!don g!s is !n!tur!l, chemic!lly inert g!s th!t is !n!tur!l dec!y product of ur!nium. t dec!ys

to form products th!t emit ! type of ioni-ingr!di!tion. t h!s been estim!ted 12 oflung c!ncer de!ths !re !ttribut!ble tor!don g!.