© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 1

Jornadas Técnicas Peru 2015Protection, monitoring and control solutions using Wide Area Monitoring Systems

Luis-Fabiano Santos, Global Product Manager, ABB Substation Automation Systems

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsBasic idea

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 2

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

Phasor Measurement Unit

U1I3

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsSnapshots using synchrophasors

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 3

Lenzburg

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 4

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsPhasor measurements

Timestamp accuracy: 1 microsecond

Absolute angle accuracy error: < 0.1 degree

CT/VT: 0.2 …0.5%

High accuracy provides the basis

for an accurate monitoring of

power networks

~

U(t), I(t)

Phasor values !

U, I

RMS values ! Dynamic information

(magnitude + angle)

GPS synchronised

sampling

High reporting rate

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 5

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsSynchrophasor technology

~

Data Processing

A / D

Transducer

Analog values Analog values

t1

t1

t2

t2t3

t3

t4 t4

t

sin(t

)

ejt

Phasor processing

A / D

Transducer

New applications

Events, alarms

CT

Protection core

CT

Metering core

SA Systems WAMSIEC 61850

IEC 60870-5-104 IEEE C37.118

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1I3

Im

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsBetter information

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 6

U, I (RMS)

Substation automation Substation automation

IEC 60870-5-104 IEC 60870-5-5014

IEC 61850 IEC 61850

Protection Protection

IEC 60870-5-104

Phasor Measurement Units

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1I3

Im

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1I3

Im

IEEE C37.118 IEEE C37.118

PMU PMU

WAMSWide Area Monitoring System

Network Control(SCADA / EMS)

IEEE C37.118Partner Utilities(WAMS)

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsTypical SCADA vs WAMS

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 7

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1

I3

Im

PMU

On-line capability (Operation)

Network stability

Better observability

Enhanced operation

Supervision, alarms and events

Know the limits of the system

Benefits

Better system operation

Cost optimization

Reduce risks

Off-line capability (Planning)

Support to power system planning

Support to power system study

Post-mortem analysis

Accurate information

Benefits

Optimized investments

Better traceability

Improved reports

$

$

Real-time monitoring

Increased transmission capacity

Better use of existing equipment

Use the full capacity of the grid

$

$

$

Enhanced system planning

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 8

Wide Area Monitoring Systems From traditional to future grids

• Centralized power generation

• One-directional power flow

• Generation follows load

• Operation based on historical experience

• Limited grid accessibility for new producers

Traditional grids

• Decentralized and distributed power generation

• Intermittent renewable power generation

• Consumers become also producers

• Multi-directional power flow

• Load adapted to production

• Operation based more on real-time data

Future grids

WAMSMarket scenario

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 9

Market demand for WAMS

Traditional Grids Need for better monitoring already existed Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical experience Limited grid accessibility for new producers

Industry Challenges Need for more electricity Emissions reduction Renewable energy Optimal use of ageing assets Ensure reliability of supply Energy efficiency and security

Future Grids Decentralized and distributed power generation Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data Smart grid initiatives FACTS (SVC, TCSC, etc.), HVDC

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsPSGuard and RES670

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 10

RES670

PSGuard

RES521

Provides power system AC voltages and

currents as synchrophasors

Up to 32 analog phasors with Single-

phase, Positive / Negative / Zero

sequence in two independent data

streams (2 x 32 phasors)

Total Vector Error (TVE) < 1%

Configurable phasor format as real and

imaginary parts or as magnitude and

phase angle

Selectable performance class P&M, and

frequency adaptive anti-aliasing filters

IEC

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 11

NEW RELEASE

V.2.0

Phasor measurement unit RES670

Phasor data communication

C37.118-2011 (incl. C37.118.1a-2014)

C37.118-2005

IEEE 1344-1995

Up to 200 frames/second at 50Hz and up to

240 frames/second at 60Hz

Substation communication

IEC 61850-8-1 (Edition 1 and Edition 2)

IEC 61850-9-2 (Process Bus)

IEC 60870-5-103 serial communication

DNP 3.0

PRP Redundant communication capability

IEC 61850-8-1 and

IEEE C37.118 / IEEE 1344

IEC 61850 8-1

IEC 61850-9-2

PC Ethernet connection

IEEE C37.118-2011 / C37.118.1a-2014

IEEE C37.118-2005

IEEE 1344-1995

IEC 60870-5-103

DNP3.0

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 12

Phasor measurement unit RES670

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsObject x System : measurement x execution

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 13

G

Line 1

Line 2

Line Protection

Protecting the line is the main task of the line protection

Line protection and PMU operate with different input data

Line protection : CT protection core

PMU : recommended CT metering core

Line protection is bay oriented, inside substation automation

PMU is station oriented, towards wide-area (SCADA / EMS)

No need for one PMU per bay, but one PMU per substation

Line protection and PMU execute commands in different points

PMU can work as the backup for bay protection

From the organization point of view : operation/maintenance

Protection device belongs to protection department

PMU may belong to another department

Do not put all the

eggs into the same

basket

RES670

RES670

Line

Protection

RES670

PMU

PMU

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 14

Wide Area Monitoring SystemsTypical architecture

On-line Applications

PSGuard

PSGuardWide Area Monitoring System

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 15

PSGuard Applications

Phase Angle Monitoring

Voltage Stability Monitoring

Line Thermal Monitoring

Power Oscillation Monitoring

Power Damping Monitoring

Event Driven Data Archiving

SCADA/EMS integration

Communication gateway

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 16

Provides power margin to the point of maximum loadability of transmission corridors regarding voltage stability

High accuracy by using PMU data (dynamic data)

Fast reaction (Usage of real-time data)

Voltage Stability Monitoring (VSM)

3 transmission

corridor

Voltage Stability Monitoring (VSM)

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 17

IEC-104 SCADA

Power Oscillation MonitoringAmbient vs Transient Oscillations

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 18

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 6049.85

49.9

49.95

50

50.05

50.1

Time (sec)

Fre

quency

(H

z)

ambient

transient

ambient

POMdetecting transient oscillations

PDMdetermining modes and characteristics based on ambient variations

Power Oscillation Monitoring (POM)

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 19

Power Oscillation Monitoring (POM)

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 20

PDM Modal Observability MapIdentify participants in inter-area oscillations

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 21

Power Damping Monitoring

• Determine in real-time from ambient

oscillations

• Real-time detection and

visualization of multiple oscillation

modes

• Modal frequencies and damping

• Phase in each measurement signal

• Modal activity

• New method in operation at

Swissgrid since December 2010

Oscillatory behavior dominated by 3

modes

• East-west mode - ~0.13 Hz

• North-south mode - ~0.25 Hz

• Former east-west mode - ~0.17 Hz

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 22

Line Thermal Monitoring (LTM)Solution

Phasor

Measurement

Units

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1I3

Im

Re

U2

I2

U1

U3

I1I3

Im

PSGuard- Line Thermal Monitoring

With phasor measurements taken by two Phasor Measurement Units

at the beginning and end of a transmission line, LTM is the most cost

effective solution for investment and operation.

On-line

application

PSGuard System at SwissgridLargest interconnected European WAMS system

Monitoring of wide area system dynamics

across European network

Monitoring of reconnection of UCTE

zones (2004)

UCTE system disturbance (2006)

Interconnection of Turkish grid into UCTE

zone (2010)

Early warning of critical frequency

oscillation/swings between Italy and rest

of UTCE (2011)

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 23

Example of WAM deploymentUCTE Re-synchronization 2004

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 24

ZONE 2

ZONE 1PMU

PMU

System Load:

223 GW

System Load:

21 GW

PMU

PMUPMU

Zagreb / Croatia

The historical reconnection after 13 years...

October 10, 2004, 9:34

Wide Area Monitoring System PSGuard

provided more security during the resynchronization process.

Critical power grid oscillations would have been detected instantaneously.

Example of WAM deploymentUCTE Re-synchronization 2004

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 25

Voltage Phase Angle Monitoring before and after UCTE-1 and UCTE-2 resynchronisation

Example of WAM deploymentConnection of Turkish grid to Europe

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 26

Hamitabat

Temelli

Atatuerk

3 Lines from Turkey (2 to Bulgaria / 1 to Greece)

3 PMUs in Turkey

Example of WAM deploymentConnection of Turkish grid to Europe

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 27

Freq Turkey (pink)

Freq Greece (green)

Synchronizatrion

Example of WAM deploymentConnection of Turkish grid to Europe

© ABB Group May 18, 2015 | Slide 28

Osc. Freq.

Change in European Oscillation Frequency

0.25Hz 0.16Hz More Stable, but… Oscillations… to be analysed by TSOs