LtGen Deptula Keynote TEDays2010

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Headquarters U.S. Air Force

Lt Gen David DeptulaDeputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence,

Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

Air Force ISR in a Changing World Changing Paradigms While

Optimizing “Low Density” to Meet “High Demand”


Overview

2

Changes in the Character and Complexity of Conflict

Tenets of Information Age Warfare …

Air Force ISR Transformation

Air Force Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Domains & Environments


20th Century WarfareA cultural divide of precision and information

Today: REAPER

Finding, Fixing Tracking …

Targeting, Engaging , Assessing...

WWI: ReconBalloon

WWII: Lockheed “Recce” P-38

Korea: N. American RB-45J

Vietnam: RF-101 Voodoo

Vietnam: RF-4C

Cold War: SR-71

Cold War: Space Today: GLOBAL HAWK

WWI : Verdun, FRWWII : Berlin, GE Korea: Seoul

VietnamDesert Storm Iraqi Freedom: Zarqawi

3

2121stst Century challenges demand a new approach … Century challenges demand a new approach …

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 4

“Recce” P-38

B-17 Spotter Corps

“Recce” P-38

RF-101 Voodoo

0-2 Skymaster

0-1 Bird DogB-52

75 Days75 Days

14 Days14 Days

<10 Minutes<10 Minutes

Evolution of Technology, Information, and Culture Enabled Move Evolution of Technology, Information, and Culture Enabled Move from Segregation of Ops and Intel to Integration of Ops and Intel…from Segregation of Ops and Intel to Integration of Ops and Intel…

Number of WeaponsRequired to Target

Number of SensorsRequired to Target

RSI

RI

S ISR

Info in War RevolutionTechnology—Information—Organization

?

19431943 20092009


Non-Traditional Threats

Irregular

Disruptive Technologies

Cohesive units without a “chain of command” …

Able to act quickly …

Modern technology …

CatastrophicMass disruption & destruction no longer the purview of nation-states…Mass disruption & destruction no longer the purview of nation-states…

Islamabad Marriott Bombing: September 20, 2008

Mumbai, India Attack: 26-29 November, 2008

Driven by a cause …

Small numbers …

Dispersed & distributed …

Highly flexible adversaries:

US Airliner Attempted Attack:25 December, 2009


Traditional Threats

Cross Domain Dominance Challenged At All LevelsCross Domain Dominance Challenged At All Levels


Security Challenges :A Myriad of “What Ifs”

7

Emerging ASATCapability

Mid-termMid-termNear-termNear-term

AIRAIR

SPACESPACE

CYBERCYBER

Long-termLong-term Mid-termMid-termNear-termNear-term

Hybrid 4th Gen+ Fighters

SA-20 Proliferation

High-Performance Computing

Chinese Manned Space Program

Revitalized Russian Mil Space Program

Advanced DRFM

Long Range AAMs

SA-21

Nanotechnology

Biometrics


… Information in War: Finding, Fixing, Tracking…

… Precision in War: Targeting, Engaging, Assessing…

WWI: ReconBalloon

WWII: Lockheed “Recce” P-38

Korea: N. American RB-45J

Vietnam: RF-101 Voodoo

Vietnam: RF-4C

Cold War: SR-71

Cold War: Space TODAY: GLOBAL HAWK

TODAY: REAPER

WWI : Verdun, FRWWII : Berlin, GE Korea: Seoul

VietnamDesert Storm Iraqi Freedom: Zarqawi

INDUSTRIAL AGE WARFARE

INFORMATION AGE WARFARE

21st Century Challenges:Precision and Information Synergy

8

The most important skill Airman will need in the 21st Century is the ability to rapidly acquire,

develop, and share information across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfareThe most important skill Airmen will need in the 21The most important skill Airmen will need in the 21stst Century Century

Is the ability to rapidly acquire, develop, and shareIs the ability to rapidly acquire, develop, and shareInformation across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfareInformation across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfare


21st Century Challenges & Opportunities

Complex environment

New adversaries - New technologies

20th Century Challenge: Industrial Age Warfare … Focused on “Finishing”

21st Century Challenges: INFORMATION Age Warfare … Find/Fix is the biggest challenge

ISR is the “hub” of the 21st Century Operations


Chronology:

-- Feb 06: CSAF establishes AF/A2 as 3-star Deputy Chief of Staff

-- Jul 06: 3-star DCS in place

-- Aug 06: AF Intel Summit: 90 days to develop ISR Way Ahead

-- Dec 06: New A2 Way Ahead approved and set into motion

-- Jul 07: Congress confirmed A2 as DCS for ISR (not just Intel)

-- Jul 08: AF ISR Strategy published, “Lead Turning the Future”

-- Apr/May 09: AF ISR and UAS Flight Plans approved

Intent:Intent: To improve our ability to provide global vigilance To improve our ability to provide global vigilance (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach, (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach,

and global power for the Nationand global power for the Nation

Intent:Intent: To improve our ability to provide global vigilance To improve our ability to provide global vigilance (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach, (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach,

and global power for the Nationand global power for the Nation

AF ISR Transformation:AF ISR Transformation:When … Why … and What?


Tenets of AF ISR 21st Century Change

Domain neutral: ISR operates in ALL domains — Land,

Sea, Air, Space, Cyberspace

Synchronization & Integration: Inherent in ISR—we do “S & R” to get “I,” and the only way we get “I” is thru “S & R”

Capabilities & Effects: Moving away from planning and

managing by program elements, to ISR capability areas

Operations: ISR is no longer support to operations,

ISR is operations

11

ISR – The center of America’s asymmetric advantageISR – The center of America’s asymmetric advantage

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c eI n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

VISION:

Transform AF Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) into a set of premier military intelligence organizations; with the most respected personnel; and the most valued ISR capability

APPROACH:

ORGANIZATION: Optimize presentation of Air Force ISR capabilities to other service, joint, & national users

PERSONNEL: Develop senior Air Force ISR leaders ready for 21st Century information age warfare

CAPABILITY: Plan, guide, and orchestrate Air Force ISR from a capability-based perspective

13

21st Century ChallengeAir Force ISR Transformation

Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, analysis is predictive, and distribution is immediateanalysis is predictive, and distribution is immediate


AF ISR Transformation:Organization

AF ISR re-organized as an AF-wide enterprise

AF/A2 designated as Deputy Chief of Staff for ISR …not just Intel

AF ISR Agency (formerly AIA) established Jun 07; aligned as an AF-wide Agency to address air, space, and cyberspace ISR

AF Distributed Common Ground Systems (DCGS) re-aligned

Global organization matched to its global net-centric ISR fusion capability while retaining regional (MAJCOM) direction

Created ISR Groups combining Cryptologic and DCGS capabilities under direction of Component-Numbered Air Forces

14

All aimed to expand ISR as an AF-wide enterprise providingAll aimed to expand ISR as an AF-wide enterprise providingMAJCOMs & COCOMs more ISR access than ever beforeMAJCOMs & COCOMs more ISR access than ever before


Officer: Seeing results – 1st AF COCOM J2 in 8-years Expanded number of AF ISR General Officers

Establishing better career paths from Captain to Colonel

Civilian: Path for HQ AF, Joint, National opportunities Codified a consistent career progression trajectory where

none had previously existed

Enlisted: Continuing to shape Enlisted transformation Increasing UAS, DCGS manning (~2500); parallels rising mission

Streamlined specialties from 36 to 14..better 21st Century posture

Stood Up new Targeting, ISR Ops, Analysis/Fusion courses

New “Intel Master Skills Course” for Senior NCOs

AF ISR Transformation:Personnel

ISR career paths to match 21st Century Demands …ISR career paths to match 21st Century Demands …

15


AF ISR Transformation:Capabilities

AF ISR Strategy: defines AF ISR guidance, approach, goals AF ISR Flight Plan: identifies options for executing the strategy AF UAS Flight Plan specifying AF UAS ways, means, ends Theater ISR CONOP: provides a joint ISR methodology ISR center of excellence established at Nellis Established AF HUMINT for service-specific requirements Increased ISR capabilities in accelerated time frame From 5 x medium-altitude UAS CAPs in 2004 to 40 today… Transitioning to all MQ-9 force; 22/44X more cost-effective than MQ-

1B/C: WAAS development…10 times today’s images per platform starting in FY10 going to 65+

Project Liberty: MC-12W with FMV & SIGINT Less than 7 months from contract to delivery

16

Unified planning to integrate ISR capability developmentUnified planning to integrate ISR capability development


AF ISR StrategyLead Turning the Fight

Introduce future security environment The next 20 years will not look like the last Constant friction of disruptive technologies Need for anticipatory vice reactive ISR

Strategy seeks organization to integrate the ISR enterprise as a cross-domain function AF ISR previously consisted of separate

elements in separate commands operating in separate domains

Shifts human location from platforms to global architectures Access ISR operations and analysis via reachback

17

Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, analysis is predictive, and distribution is immediateanalysis is predictive, and distribution is immediate

Integrity - Service - Excellence 18

AF ISR Flight PlanResourcing the Strategy

Air Force ISR FLIGHT PLAN Lead Turning the Future ORGANIZATION

PERSONNEL

MATERIEL

• Database inventory of ISR capabilities; present, planned, and future• Ongoing identification of shortfalls • Direct access to COCOMs & MAJCOMs to input requirements

Steering document and “Strat-to-Task” process to drive Steering document and “Strat-to-Task” process to drive ISR capabilities from strategy to requirements to fundingISR capabilities from strategy to requirements to funding

Integrity - Service - Excellence

AF RPA Flight Plan:Vision for an remotely piloted future

An Air Force with… Remotely piloted aircraft that are fully integrated

across the full range of military operations

RPA that use automated control and modular “plug-and-play” payloads to maximize combat capability, flexibility and efficiency

Joint RPA solutions and teaming

19

An informed industry and academia – knowing where we are going and what technologies to invest in

Capabilities-based Air Force RPA vision thru 2047Capabilities-based Air Force RPA vision thru 2047


Air Force Core FunctionsWhat We Bring to the Fight

20

Nuclear Deterrence Ops

Air Superiority

Space Superiority

Cyberspace Superiority

Command and Control

Global Integrated ISR

Global Precision Attack

Special Operations

Rapid Global Mobility

Personnel Recovery

Agile Combat Support

Building Partnerships

20


RPA Growth in AF Core Functions/Capabilities

21

LegendCurrently Supporting

Near-term shortfalls

Long-term potential


Close-in ISR, Lethal, SIGINT/DF

EA GAP

Small

Medium“fighter size”

Large“tanker size”

Special UAS

FY09 FY47

FighterRecap

CurrentCapabilityShortfalls

RQ-4 Blk 30RQ-4 Blk 40

+ASIP

RQ-4 Blk 10/20

EO/IR/SARMP-RTIP

Counterair, Missile DefenseMQ-Ma MQ-Mc

SEAD/AAR-T

Low Observable

ISR/EA

Large AircraftRecap

Scan Eagle

NextGen – Multi-Mission

Family of Transformers

MQ-9

MQ-1B

Tier II STUAS

WASP III

Raven

Personal ISR, Lethal, SIGINT, Cyber/EW, Counter UAS, Auto-sentry

NANO/MICRONano

MQ-La MQ-Lb MQ-Lc

NGLRSRJ/E-X C/KC-X

Hypersonic

Interoperable UAS C2

Today

Air-Launched SUAS

Indoor recon, indoor lethal/non-lethal, indoor comm, cyber attack, Swarming

ISR, Comm Relay, Lethal/Non-lethal, Cyber/EW, SEAD, SIGINT, Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats

ISR, Comm Relay, Lethal, SIGINT

MQ-Mb

EA/ISR/CAS

High Altitude Long Endurance

AF RPA Flight Plan:Function Areas

Integrity - Service - Excellence23

NanoNavigate / communicate

inside buildings

MicroClose-in reconnaissance

& situational awareness

Man-portable- ISR

- Time-Sensitive- Lethal

Family of Expendables- Close-In ISR- Expendable Jammers- Lethal- Counter Air- Precision Clandestine Resupply- Cyber attack

“SUAS Family of Transformers”- Personal ISR

- Lethal- SIGINT- Cyber/EW- Counter-UAV- AutoSentries

Multi-Mission- ISR

- Force protection- FID

Air-Launched- Close-in ISR

- Lethal- SIGINT/DF

Irregular WarfareIrregular Warfare

Anti-Access SupportAnti-Access Support

Increasing across all mission setsIncreasing across all mission sets

Tier II Joint- ISR- Comm Relay- Lethal- SIGINT

Bio-Mechanicals- Indoor Reconnaissance

- Indoor Lethal- Indoor Comm

- Cyber attack

Next Gen Multi-Mission- ISR- Communications Relay- Lethal / Non-lethal- Electronic/Cyber Attack/SEAD- SIGINT/Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats- = New Mission areas

Now Future

Nano

Raven B

Wasp III

Switchblade SUASTechnical Demonstration

Scan Eagle

FinderSUAS

Voyeur SUASTechnical Demonstration

Artist Artist ConceptionConception

Future AL-SUASFuture AL-SUAS

Bio-Mechanicals- Indoor Reconnaissance

- Indoor Lethal/Non-lethal- Indoor Comm

- Cyber attack- Swarming

Lite Machine’sLite Machine’sConceptual SUASConceptual SUAS

GT AeroGT AeroConceptual Bandit SUASConceptual Bandit SUAS

23

AF RPA Flight Plan:Small “Family of Systems”


Specialized ISR

Collection

Dissemination

ISR

Comm Relay

EW

CAS

AAR-T

SEAD

Air Interdiction

Aeromedical Evacuation

Personnel Recovery

Mo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s

MQ-Xa

24

MQ-1- Collection – SIGINT/FMV

- CAS

MQ-9- Collection – SIGINT/FMV

- CASMQ-9- Collection

- SIGINT/FMV- Wide Area Airborne ISR- SAR/GMTI

- CAS

MQ-Xb

MQ-Xc

Now Future

Specialized ISR

Collection

Dissemination

ISR

Comm Relay

EW

AAR-R

Mo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s

CAS

AAR-R&T

Dissemination

Specialized ISR

CAS

Collection

EW/ISR

Comm Relay

SEAD

Air Interdiction

Counter Air

CSAR

Strategic Attack

Mo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s

Missile Defense

AF RPA Flight Plan:Medium Systems


Ground Moving Target IndicatorInformation Integration

ISR

Airborne Moving Target Indicator

EW

Airlift

Command and Control

AAR-R & TAirlift

Humanitarian AssistanceStrategic Attack

Global StrikeCAS

Air Mobility

Mo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s25

MQ-Lc

RQ-4 (Blk 20/30/40)- Collection: - Block 20

- Enh SAR- Enh EO/IR

- Block 30- Adv SIGINT

- Block 40- MP-RTIP Radar- GMTI and concurrent SAR- High Range Resolution- No EO/IR or SIGINT

MQ-La

RQ-4 (Blk10)- Collection – ISR

- Basic SAR- Basic EO/IR

MQ-Lb

Ground Moving Target Indicator

Information Integration

ISR


EW

AAR-RMo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s

Command and Control

Now Future

Ground Moving Target Indicator

Information Integration

ISR


EW

Humanitarian Assistance

Command and Control

AAR-R & T

AirliftMo

du

lar

Pa

ylo

ad

s

AF RPA Flight Plan: Large Systems


MQ-X Key Concepts

Fully modular and upgradable Support future roles and

mission needs

Size, Weight and Power Maximize sensor &

weapons flexibility

High subsonic dash Force packaging and

responsiveness

Target area persistence

Survivable in contested environment

Fully modular and upgradable Support future roles and

mission needs

Size, Weight and Power Maximize sensor &

weapons flexibility

High subsonic dash Force packaging and

responsiveness

Target area persistence

Survivable in contested environment

Tanker

Sensor Truck

Missile Truck

26


DAS

LADAR

Hyperspectral

SIGINT

SAR

Ope

n S

enso

r B

us

WAAS

Advanced ISR Capabilities

Open architecture allowing modular sensors to be integrated quickly and inexpensively

Situational Awareness

Hyperspectral

Multi-stream Wide Area Sensor

27


Payload Flexibility

AGM-114 Hellfire

AGM-114 Hellfire+ GBU-12

+ GBU 39/40 SDB* + GBU-38 JDAM*

All of above+ External Fuel

+ Variety of Stores850 1,500 450 1,500 450

650 1,500150

200

Internal650 lbs

3,750 lbs

5,000 lbs

Max Payload(Inlcudes Sensors)

Mixed-load attack optionswithout giving up ISR capability or

significant range/endurance.

Internal storage for max range/enduranceExternal for max flexibility

* Planned Upgrades

Laser Guided RocketTurretedCannon

Air to Air Missiles

X

JAGM

X

MQ-1

MQ-9

MQ-X

ECM

28


Analysts overwhelmed by “data crush”

Analysis and exploitation tools not keeping pace with sensor development and deployment

“Copy & Paste” approach to ISR fusion becoming the “norm”…revealing new ISR information becoming rare

“Hunt and not Gather” mentality pervasive in ISR operations…few resources and tools available to “cast-the-net” approach to analysis and fusion

21st Century Challenges:A new emerging problem set

Swimming in sensors… Drowning in Data…

29


Wide Area Airborne Surveillance (WAAS)

30IOC 3rd Qtr FY10IOC 3rd Qtr FY10 Delivers 1st Qtr FY12Delivers 1st Qtr FY12TodayToday

MQ-1Observe single target

Single ROVER / OSRVT

MQ-1Observe single target

Single ROVER / OSRVT

MQ-9 advantages over MQ-12 x faster – more responsive

2 x higher – broader coverage10 x payload (versatile: sensor, weapons)

MQ-9Wide area coverage area

10-12 independent ROVER queries and potentially 50-60 clips through the

GORGON STARE ground station

MQ-9Wide area coverage area

10-12 independent ROVER queries and potentially 50-60 clips through the

GORGON STARE ground station

FMVIncrement 1

Gorgon Stare

Increment 2 Gorgon Stare

FMV – 30 fps

Gorgon Stare – 2 fps

MQ-9Better area overage and resolution 10-12 independent ROVER queries

and potentially 50-60 clips through the GORGON STARE ground station

MQ-9Better area overage and resolution 10-12 independent ROVER queries

and potentially 50-60 clips through the GORGON STARE ground station


Why “CAPs” Should Not be Used as a Measure of ISR Sufficiency

WAAS QRC 2 Delivery

WAAS QRC 1 Delivery

WAAS with ROVER = 10 Video Streams

WAAS with Ground Station = 50 Video

Streams


How to Get the Most ISR Soonest:Focus on “Output” Instead of “Input”

WAAS QRC 1

WAAS QRC 2

WAAS Program of Record

WAAS Program of Record


21st Century Challenges: AF ISR Distributed Operations

Approximately 1100 ISR Airmen deployed—however, more than 5,000 Airmen executing ISR operations for

the COCOMs every day

Deployed ISR

Entire AF ISREnterprise

Minimizing forces deployed forward allows us to project power without projecting vulnerability...

33


DISRUPTIVECATASTROPHIC

IRREGULARREGULAR

Domains & Environments: A cautionary note…

AIR SPACE CYBERSPACE GROUND MARITIME

34


DENIEDCONTESTED

PERMISSIVE

35

Domains & Environments: A cautionary note…

AIR SPACE CYBERSPACE GROUND MARITIME


America’s Asymmetric Advantage… Ops From the Third Dimension

“Tanks And Armor Are Not a Big Deal...The Planes Are The Killers. I Can Handle Everything But The Jet Fighters”

- Conversation Between Taliban Field Commanders 2008

“Tanks And Armor Are Not a Big Deal...The Planes Are The Killers. I Can Handle Everything But The Jet Fighters”

- Conversation Between Taliban Field Commanders 2008

36

“The drones are very effective ...[in attacking us]- Taliban Field Commander 2009

“The drones are very effective ...[in attacking us]- Taliban Field Commander 2009


Headquarters U.S. Air Force

Lt Gen David DeptulaDeputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence,

Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

Air Force ISR in a Changing World Changing Paradigms While

Optimizing “Low Density” to Meet “High Demand”

Documents

LtGen Deptula Keynote TEDays2010