LTG40 - RTITB1 Copyr 2016 RIB A eserved Commer V B LT40 V1.101 Commercial Goods Vehicle Banksman LTG40 Instructor Guide Copyr 2016 RIB A eserved Commer V B LT40 V1.101 1 SALE

1Copyright © 2016 RTITB. All rights reservedCommercial Goods Vehicle Banksman LTG40 - V1.1016

Commercial Goods Vehicle BanksmanLTG40

Instructor Guide

Copyright © 2016 RTITB. All rights reservedCommercial Goods Vehicle Banksman LTG40 - V1.1016 1

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SESSION LIBRARY

Commercial Goods Vehicle BanksmanLTG40 SA

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S4 - Reversing

Suggested Durations

RATIO NOVICE REFRESHER

5:1:1 20 mins N/A

4:1:1 20 mins N/A

3:1:1 20 mins N/A

2:1:1 20 mins N/A

1:1:1 20 mins N/A

To introduce and discuss safe reversing guidelines and practices and the banksman’s personal safety during operations.

Classroom

• A presentation compatible PC and projector screen• HSG136: A Guide to Workplace Transport Safety• INDG199 Workplace Transport Safety – A Brief Guide• INDG148 Reversing Vehicles• The Official Highway Code (current edition)• Pens and paper

By the end of this session, candidates will be able to recall and discuss the major safety issues that should be considered when planning and carrying out any guided reversing manoeuvre. Additionally, candidates will also be able to discuss this topic from the point of view of their own personal safety during manoeuvres.SA

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Reversing DangersBegin with the simple HSE statistic that approximately 25% of all fatal incidents involving vehicles in the workplace occur when vehicles are reversing. This is a figure that has been supported by other academic studies over the last couple of decades and continues to be a problem now. It is also worth noting that typically this statistic does not take into account incidents that occur on the road – we know from a number of high profile incidents with refuse vehicles that reversing incidents can be a particular problem in the public domain as well as behind the gates of the working site.

Of course, minimising fatal injuries is always the priority, but how many minor incidents or near misses are left unreported, which could eventually escalate to a fatality if the problem is not tackled? Regardless of whether an incident results in an injury or fatality, it still affects the business in terms of damage to vehicles, infrastructure and stock.

GuidanceDiscuss the fact that sometimes reversing simply cannot be avoided.

Ask the group to suggest ways in which reversing activities can be made safer. List any ideas on the whiteboard or flip chart.

Ask the group where they might go for guidance on reversing operations in the workplace. HSG136 is a great place to start. Explain that guidance documents from the HSE are not just advice, they provide information on how to carry out tasks in a manner that is safe and conforms to regulatory standards.

Recap on the Safe Systems of Work session and discuss the guidance offered by HSG136 and the HSE’s own web page on reversing safety – http://www.hse.gov.uk/workplacetransport/information/reversing.htm.

Discuss the following measures which can be taken to help control the risks associated with reversing activities:

• Establish clearly marked reversing areas

• Keep pedestrians out of the reversing areas where possible

• Install clearly marked pedestrian walkways from reversing areas to safe, segregated pedestrian

zones (remember that drivers become pedestrians when they leave the vehicle and banksmen are

pedestrians)

• Modify or improve signs and markings around existing reversing areas

• Mount fixed mirrors on walls and buildings around revering locations to aid driver observation

• Fit proximity sensors and cameras to vehicles

• Remove any obstructions that block drivers’ view

• Employ and train banksmen to assist in reversing.SAMPLE

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Ask the candidates if they have measures like this in place at their operation.

Maybe their own cars or their employers’ fleet vehicles have sensors and cameras fitted. How do they feel about this sort of technology? Discuss the implications of becoming over reliant on technology and using it instead of traditional mirror configurations.

Further guidance on reversing vehicles in the workplace can be found in the HSE’s INDG148: Reversing Vehicles.

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The BanksmanEven after incorporating many of the methods discussed above, many companies now insist on the use of a trained banksman for guiding reversing vehicles on site.

Ask the candidates what the role of a trained banksman (sometimes called a signaller) entails. Explain that it is not only to provide guidance to the professional driver but to also keep pedestrians or vulnerable others away from the moving vehicle.

Explain to the candidates that the reversing manoeuvre is a partnership between the skilled professional driver and the trained, observant banksman.

The banksman has many critical responsibilities, including:

• Their own personal safety• The safety of others in the vicinity• The safety of the vehicle being manoeuvred• Communicating the rules and expected behaviour to the driver.

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A Restricted ViewDiscuss with the candidates the limited view offered to commercial goods vehicle drivers from their position behind the steering wheel. Even though modern vehicles are a far cry from the non-technological vehicles of old, Construction & Use regulations and the limitations of designs focused on maximising load space lead to significant reductions in view (to the front, sides and rear) when compared to multi-window vehicles such as cars and coaches.

Improvements have been made through the introduction of new mirrors, such as class IV, V and VI mirrors, and innovations such as cameras and proximity sensors, but do the candidates believe that these advancements have reduced the need for banksmen?

Evidence from statistics collected since 1997 suggests that before and after the introduction of innovations such as proximity sensors and cameras, reversing-related fatality incidents have stayed fairly constant. Technology has undoubtedly played a part in improving safety in many respects, but at some point technology relies on user intervention, so it is not a fool-proof solution.

From the banksman’s point of view, it therefore makes sense to treat every vehicle as if it is not fitted with any technological safety features and apply the same level of care and focus to all situations. Remember: the single point of failure in any technological system is the user; it serves to plan around not having the technology option in the first place.

It is important to explain to the candidates that although it is important that the driver is always able to see the banksman, it is also critical that the banksman has eye contact with the driver in their mirror at all times.

Using the diagram included in the “Drivers’ Field of View” section of the slide deck, ask the candidates to point to the areas where they think the driver can and can’t see. Click on each area to illustrate the blind spots. Explain that this simple illustration only takes rigid vehicles into account; articulated vehicles and vans will have different characteristics. The important point to note is that the blind spot areas are large and it’s very easy to stray into them.

Discuss the importance of being aware of the nationality of the vehicle. Continental vehicles are left-hand drive. It's important that banksmen bear this difference in mind when positioning themselves during operations.

Rigid Vehicles

Identify and explain the key areas around a rigid vehicle, pointing out the areas of good vision and those with reduced, little or no vision whatsoever. Relate this to the vulnerability of the banksman and their positioning. SA

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Discuss how the banksman's view, when looking back from the cab to the rear of the vehicle, will be very different to that experienced by the driver through the mirrors. This is due to the difference in depth of view through the eyes compared to through the wing mirror. The driver will have a very different sense of distance.

Articulated Vehicles

Identify and explain the key areas around an articulated vehicle (this should include drawbar combinations as well as semi-trailer units), pointing out the areas of good vision and those with reduced or no vision whatsoever. Ask the candidates what effect the articulation of the vehicle may have on the driver’s ability to see the banksman. Explain and discuss the changing viewpoint from the driver’s perspective while articulation is in progress and how the banksman needs to change their position to compensate for the driver’s changing view.

If you have a model articulated truck to hand, you can demonstrate this point to the group.

As with the rigid vehicle, the driver’s depth of vision is also affected, so discuss how the added length of the semi-trailer of drawbar combination (16.5m or 18.0m respectively) can distort their view. Reiterate the importance of clear signalling.

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Using the vehicle which will be used for practical training (parked safely in the reversing area and with the key removed), ask the candidates to take turns sitting in the driver’s seat while the other members of the group stand in various banksman positions. It is important for the candidate in the driver’s position to appreciate how little they can see from behind the wheel, and it is also important that the candidate in the banksman’s position gets a feel for the challenge of maintaining a view of the driver in the mirror. Alternate the candidates so that everybody is given a chance to experience the driver’s view and the view from different banksman positions. Ask the candidates to consider from both perspectives how they could make the operation as safe as possible. If an articulated vehicle is available, alter the articulation and repeat the exercise to show the reduction in vision and the need for repositioning.

End of S5

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Allow each candidate an opportunity to practise each of the signals and offer guidance where necessary. Stress that signals should be given in a confident, definite manner; there should be no reason for doubt.If a live vehicle is used during the demonstration, ensure that all candidates remain at a safe distance and in a safe position relative to the vehicle.

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Signal DeliveryExplain that knowing the correct signals to use at any given moment is an important part of any banksman’s training, but knowing when to deliver those signals is another important facet of the job.

Ask the candidates how long it would take a driver to react to a signal provided by the banksman. Explain that all signals should be timed to allow the driver to react accordingly before the situation becomes critical or dangerous. Discuss and consider with the candidates the chain of events that results from the initial signal and how long it may take for the driver to take the required action. As an example, the driver of an articulated lorry may see a banksman signal that he would like the vehicle trailer moved to the right, which triggers the following chain:

• Visual signal seen by eyes

• Eyes send signal to brain

• Brain processes required movements

• Brain sends signal to driver’s hands

• Hands move steering wheel anti-clockwise

• Foot presses accelerator pedal

• Front of Tractor unit starts to move to the right

• Front of Trailer pushed to the left

• Rear of trailer now moves to the right.

Explain that although this chain may occur quite quickly, there will also be a delay before the required result is achieved. Ask the candidates what risks may occur or increase if signals are not clear and well timed.

When providing signals for a driver, the banksman must:

• Stand in a safe position where they can be seen in the vehicle's mirrors• Ensure that the driver is fully aware of and understands the signals to be used• Provide clear signals• Time the signals correctly• Never deviate from the agreed signals.

Briefly discuss verbal communication with the candidates. On some sites, and in some situations, it might be necessary to make use of both signals and verbal communication. In this situation, as with signals, verbal communications should be agreed with the driver.

Regarding the type of language that should be used, simple single word instructions are stipulated in the HSE’s Safety Signs and Signals Regulations. Refer the candidates to L64 Schedule 1, Part VIII for a list of acceptable terms. SA

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Sample Powerpoint Slides

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Documents

LTG40 - RTITB1 Copyr 2016 RIB A eserved Commer V B LT40 V1.101 Commercial Goods Vehicle Banksman LTG40 Instructor Guide Copyr 2016 RIB A eserved Commer V B LT40 V1.101 1 SALE