LTE NSN Update

8/11/2019 LTE NSN Update

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LTE-Advanced (Rel-10/11)

March 2013

Bong Youl (Brian) Cho,

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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TTA LTE Standards/Technology Training

2 Nokia Siemens Networks

Contents

LTE-Advanced Overview LTE-Advanced Technologies

eICIC for HetNet

Relay

MIMO Enhancement CoMP

Carrier Aggregation

SON


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LTE-Advanced Overview


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3GPP Release

Note:

3GPP GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE , 3

LTE-AdvancedLTELTE

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Release 99

Release 4

Release 5

Release 6

1.28Mcps TDD

HSDPA

W-CDMA

HSUPA, MBMS

2006 2007 2008 2009

Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)

Release 8

2010 2011

LTE

Release 9

Release 10

Minor LTE enhancements

2012 2013

Release 11

ITU-R M.1457IMT-2000 Recommendation

LTE-AdvancedITU-R M.2012IMT-Advanced Recommendation

2014

Release 12

1999


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3GPP Releases


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Radio Technology Evolution

LTERel-8 and Rel-9

LTE AdvancedRel-10 and Rel-11

LTE Advanced

EvolutionRel-12 and Rel-13

Beyond 4G

2010+

2013+

2015+

2020+

Optimizeperformance and

architecture

Squeeze

macro cells

Small cells forcapacity boost

Local arearadio


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LTE-Advanced (Rel-10)LTE (Rel-8)

LTE LTE-A ()

Class 1 Class 2 Class 5Class 3 Class 4

Peakrate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps150/50 Mbps300/75 Mbps

RF Bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

Modulation DL 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM

Modulation UL 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM

MIMO UL no no no no no

Class 8Class 6 Class 7

300/50 Mbps 300/100 Mbps 3000/1500Mbps

40 MHz 40 MHz 100 MHz

64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM

16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM

no 2 x 2 4 x 4

MIMO DL optional 2 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 2 4 x 4 2 x 2 or 4 x4 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 8 x 8

LTE Cat-3 or 410MHz BWDL 75Mbps, UL 25Mbps

Cat-5 DL 300Mbps20MHz & 4x4 MIMO. Cat-6 DL 300Mbps40MHz & 2x2 MIMO. CA

Cat-7 UL2x2 MIMOUL 100Mbps

Cat-8 LTE-AdvancedPDR

100MHz BW & 8x8 MIMO => DL 3Gbps

100MHz BW & 4x4 MIMO => UL 1.5Gbps


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()

(Spectral Efficiency, SE)

: bit/sec/Hz

Rel8 LTE ()Rel6 HSPA 3SE

Rel10 LTE-Advanced()Rel8 LTE 1.4~1.6SE .


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?

(cellular network)(frequency reuse)?

AMPS7CDMA1(, )

Small cell: Macro > Micro > Pico > Femto

HetNet (Heterogeneous Network)

?

data rate

(Cooperative Multi-Point transmission andreception, CoMP)

? Higher order MIMO: 2x2 4x4 8x8

? = x

,

Carrier Aggregation


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LTE-Advanced: Five major technologies

Relaying

HeterogeneousNetworks

100 MHz

Carrier Aggregation

Carrier1 Carrier2 Carrier3 Carrier5

up to 100 MHz

MIMO8x 4x

Coordinated MultipointBWpeak data

rate [Rel-10]

SINR peak datarate [Rel-10]

MIMO

, [Rel-11]

Small cell

Micro/Pico/Femto

[Rel-10]

Repeater?

Repeater

[Rel-10]


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HetNet: Interference Management


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Network Densification

Homogeneous network

Heterogeneous network


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HetNet problems in non-homogeneous deployment

Consist of deployments where low power nodes are placed throughout a

macro-cell layout The interference characteristics in a heterogeneous deployment can be

significantly different than in a homogeneous deployment

Mainly, two different heterogeneous scenarios are under consideration

Macro-Femto (CSG: Closed Subscriber Group) case

Macro-Pico case


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Range Extension (of picocell)

The current cell selection algorithm is DL oriented

So, it may not be the optimum for UL perspective. Further more, too high DL power of macro cell is too costly in cellular network

Range extension of picocell

but, this can lead to significant interference issue in extended range


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Why ALMOST blank subframe?

Because some channels/signals should be transmitted for the legacy UE

operation.

CRS (If ABS coincides with MBSFN subframe not carrying any signal in data region, CRS is not

present in data region )

PSS, SSS, and PBCH

PRS and CSI-RS

SIB1/Paging with associated PDCCH

No other signal is transmitted

Some interference still exists.

To be studied in the next release.


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Coordination between two cell layers


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TDM eICIC Principle- combined macro+pico+HeNB case

Almost blank, orMBSFN sub-frame

Sub-frame withnormal transmission

Macro-layer

Pico-layer

HeNB-layer

Macro-eNBs and Pico-eNBs can schedule also users

that are close to non-allowed CSG HeNB(s), but notpico-UEs with larger RE.

Pico-nodes can schedule UEs with

larger RE, if not interfered from non-allowed CSG HeNB(s)

Pico-UEswith larger

RE, close toCSG

HeNB(s)are

schedulable


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Baseline Assumptions forNetwork Configuration of Muting Patterns

Macro + HeNB scenario: Muting patterns are assumed to be statically configured from OAM Both macro and HeNB needs to know the muting pattern:

HeNB will apply the muting pattern (i.e. will mute some of its subframes)

Macro-eNB needs to know so it only schedule its users close to non-allowed CSG

HeNBs during muted subframes + can configured Rel-10 UEs with appropriatemeasurement restrictions.

Macro + pico scenario:

Muting patterns are assumed to be dynamically configured, assisted by newX2 signalling introduced in Rel-10.

Both macro and pico needs to know the muting pattern: Macro-eNB will apply the muting pattern (i.e. will mute some of its subframes)

Pico-eNB needs to know so it only schedule its users with large range extensionduring muted subframes + can configured Rel-10 UE measurement restrictions forthose UEs.

Distributed concept

Centralized concept


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TS36.423 X2AP: Load Information

9.1.2.1 LOAD INFORMATION

This message is sent by an eNB to neighbouring eNBs to transfer load and interference co-ordinationinformation.

Direction: eNB1eNB2.

IE/Group Name Presence Range IE type and

reference

Semantics

description

Criticality Assigned

Criticality

Message Type M YES ignore

Cell Information M YES ignore

>Cell Information Item 1 .. EACH ignore

>>Cell ID M ECGI Id of the

source cell

>>UL Interference

Overload Indication

O

>>UL High Interference

Information

0 ..

>>>Target Cell ID M ECGI Id of the cell

for which the

HII is meant

>>>UL High Interference

Indication

M

>>Relative Power (RNTP) O

>>ABS Information O 9.2.54 YES ignore

>>Invoke Indication O 9.2.55 YES ignore


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TS36.423 ABS Information IE

IE/Group Name Presence Range IE type and

reference

Semantics description

CHOICEABS Information M

>FDD

>>ABS Pattern Info M BIT STRING (SIZ

E(40))

Each position in the bitmap represents a DL su

bframe, for which value "1" indicates ABS and

value "0" indicates non ABS.

The first position of the ABS pattern corresponds to subframe 0 in a radio frame where SFN=

0. The ABS pattern is continuously repeated in

all radio frames.

The maximum number of subframes is 40.

>>Number Of Cell-specific

Antenna Ports

M ENUMERATED (

1, 2, 4, )

P(number of antenna ports for cell-specific ref

erence signals) defined in TS 36.211 [10]

>>Measurement Subset M BIT STRING (SIZ

E(40))

Indicates a subset of the ABS Pattern Info abo

ve, and is used to configure specific measurem

ents towards the UE.


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New X2 eICIC Related Signalling

ABS information in IE

This IE provides information about which subframes the sending eNB is configuring asalmost blank subframes and which subsetof almost blank subframes are recommendedfor configuring measurements towards the UE.

Macro can signal ABS muting pattern to the pico nodes in ABS information IE.

A neighbouring macro-cell receiving this information may aim at using similar mutingpattern (but it is optional if macro-eNB follows such recommendation).

Invoke information IE This IE provides an indication that the sending eNB would like to receive ABS

information.

Can be used by pico nodes to suggest macro-eNB to start scheduling ABS, i.e. that

the pico serves UEs suffering high interference.

Both the ABS information IE and/or Invoke IE is part of the LOADINFORMATION message. Therefore, both of them can be exchanged betweenany two eNBs connected with X2, also between macros.

X2-AP: LOAD INFORMATION

eNBeNB


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CSI Measurement for eICIC

Clearly, the interference experienced by pico-cell terminals may vary significantly

between protected and non-protected subframes.

CSI measurements carried out jointly on both the protected and non-protected

subframes will thus not accurately reflect the interference of either type of

subframes.

Thus, as part of the enhanced support for heterogeneous network deployments, itis possible to configure a terminal with different CSI-measurement subsets ,

confining the terminal CSI measurements to subsets of the full set of subframes

with terminals reporting CSI for each subset separately.

The corresponding CSI reports should then preferably reflect the interference level

in protected and nonprotected subframes respectively.


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FeICIC in Rel-11

eICIC is introduced in LTE Rel-10 and further enhanced in Rel-11

eICIC = enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination

FeICIC = Further enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination

eICIC consists of three design principles

Time domain interference management (Rel-10) Severe interference limits the association of terminals to low power cells

Cell range expansion (Rel-10/11)

Time domain resource partitioning enables load balancing between high and low power cells

Resource partitioning needs to adapt to traffic load

Interference cancellation receiver in the terminal (Rel-11/12)

Ensures that weak cells can be detected

Inter cell interference cancellation for control signals (pilots, synchronization signals)

Ensures that remaining interference is removed

Inter cell interference cancellation for control and data channels (PDCCH/PDSCH

* source: Qualcomm


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FeICIC Performance

* source: Qualcomm


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FeICIC Performancecontd

* source: Qualcomm


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Relay


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Relay

Relay

Repeater ?

HeNB (femto cell) Macro

Rel-10 relay deployment scenario

Decode-and-forward relay

Self-backhauling was taken as

the basis for the LTE relaying Stationary relay

Single hop relay


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In-band Relay

Interference b/w access link and backhaul link

Using MBSFN subframe for relay operationMultiplexing b/w access and backhaul links


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MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

Multiple Input

(NT) Multiple Output (NR)

MxN 2x2 MIMO: 2, 2

4x4 MIMO: 4, 4

SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) NR =

MISO (Multiple Input Single Output) NT =

(H)

i h d


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Higher Order MIMO

MxN MIMO , min(M, N) 2x2 MIMO , data rateMIMO 2

4x2 MIMO , data rateMIMO 2

4x4 MIMO , data rateMIMO 4

Rel-8 DL 4x4, ULSU-MIMO

4Rx, DL 2x2.

Rel-10DL 8x8 UL 4x4,Rel-8 DL PDR (peak data rate) 2UL PDR 4 8

4power amplifier 4

Higher order MIMOSINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio).

Max. 8 streams

Higher-order MIMOup to 8 streams

Max. 4 streams

SU-MIMO up to 4 streams


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?

In CL-SU-MIMO, SVD-MIMO is the optimum

SVD MIMO as a closed-loop MIMO


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x~x

V VH U UH

y

minn

1 1~w

min

~n

w

Pre-processing Post-processingChannel

),0(~,, 0 rrt

n

nnNCC Iwyx

wHxy

y~

With number of transmitting antenna=ntand receiving antenna=nr,

MIMO Channel Decomposition


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TTA LTE Standards/Technology Training38 Nokia Siemens Networks

Benefits of Spatial Diversity

Array gain Diversity gain and decreased error rate

Increased data rate

Increased coverage or reduced transmit power

Receive Diversity Selection combining, Equal gain combining, and Maximal radio combining (MRC)

Transmit Diversity Open-loop transmit diversity: e.g., Alamouti coding

Closed-loop transmit diversity: e.g., Linear precoding

y= G(HFx+ n)

where xis the transmited symbol vector, yis the received symbol vector with Mx 1,

Gis the post-coder matrix with Mx Nr, His the channel matrix with Nrx Nt, Fis theprecoder matrix with Ntx M

For the diversity precoding, M = 1, and the SNR maximizing precoder Fandpostcoder Gare the right- and left- singular vectors of Hcorresponding to itssingular value, max.

Spatial Diversity


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DOA (Direction-Of-Arrival)-based Beamforming

Physically directed Incoming signals to a receiver may consist of desired energy and interference energy.

From the acquired DOAs, a beamformer extracts a weighting vector for the antennaelements and uses it to transmit or receive the desired signal of a specific user whilesuppressing the undesired interference signals.

Often called null-steering beamformer

Viable only in LOS environments or in environments with limited local scatteringaround the transmitter

Eigen Beamforming Mathematically directed

Eigen beamforming exploits CSI of each antenna element to find array weights thatsatisfy a desired criterion, such as SNR maximization or MSE minimization.

Eigen beamforming is conceptually nearly identical to the linear diversity precoding,the only difference being that the eigen beamforming takes interfering signals intoaccount.

More viable in realistic wireless broadband environments, which are expected to havesignificant local scattering

Beamforming

3GPP R l 8 LTE DL t i i d


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3GPP Release 8 LTE DL transmission modesTwo approaches to multi-antenna transmission

MCS

CQI

PMI

RankCQI

MCS

PMI

Rank

PDSCH Channel estimation basedon common reference signal (CRS)

MIMO Beamforming

PDSCH Channel estimation based ondedicated reference signal (DRS)

CRS DRS

SRS

Closed loop, codebook precoding (#4) Non-codebook precoding (#7)

3GPP R l 9 LTE DL t i i d


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3GPP Release 9 LTE DL transmission modesEnhanced beamforming: dual-layer beamforming (#8)

CQI

PMI

Rank

MCS

Rank

PDSCH Channel estimationbased on DRS

DRSSRS


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Diversity

Same data on all the pipes Increased coverage and link quality

But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming

MIMO Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)

Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput) Power is split among the data streams

Beamforming Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7)

Use all the power on the strongest pipe (i.e., the most efficient pipe)

Increased coverage and signal SNR Not any more focusing on the strongest pipe in transmission mode 8 in R9

Further enhanced in transmission mode 9 in R10

Multi-Antenna Technology Summary


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Precoding

Codebook-based

Non-codebook-based


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DL MIMO Trend

New RS Types in Downlink for LTE A


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New RS Types in Downlink for LTE-A

RS configuration in LTE A network


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RS configuration in LTE-A network

Support of Rel-8 Common RS

LTE-A eNB should always support LTE UE as well Rel-8 CRS is also used for LTE-A UEs to detect PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, PBCH and

PDSCH (TxD only)

DM-RS+CSI-RS based approach

Main motivation is to reduce RS overhead

DM-RS for demodulation of PDSCH only (except TxD) UE specific

Transmitted only in scheduled RBs and the corresponding layers

RSs on different layers are mutually orthogonal

RS and data are subject to the same precoding operation

CSI-RS for measurement

Transmitted by puncturing PDSCH RE in a duty cycle

Idea is that CSI-RS overhead can be made very small (e.g. less than 1% for 8Tx antenna support)

Independent antenna configuration

Although LTE-A antenna port is larger than 4Tx, Rel-8 antenna port can be defined less than 4Tx

Any combination is possible b/w the number of LTE-A CSI-RS ports and the number of CRS ports

PDSCH T i i M d


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PDSCH Transmission Modes

TM Details RS for demodulation

1 Single-antenna transmission CRS (R0)2 Transmit diversity CRS (R0R3)

3 Open-loop codebook-based precoding in the case of morethan one layer, transmit diversity in the case of rank-onetransmission

CRS (R0R3)

4 Closed-loop codebook-based precoding CRS (R0R3)

5 Multi-user-MIMO version of transmission mode 4 CRS (R0R3)

6 Special case of closed-loop codebook-based precodinglimited to single-layer transmission

CRS (R0R3)

7 Rel-8 non-codebook-based precoding supporting onlysingle-layer transmission

UE-specific RS (R5)

8 Rel-9 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up totwo layers

UE-specific RS (R7,R8)

9 Rel-10 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up toeight layers

UE-specific RS (R7R14)

10 Rel-11 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up toeight layers (suitable for CoMP)

UE-specific RS (R7R14)


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CoMP


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CoMP OperationsCS/CB, JT

DL CoMP Schemes


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DL CoMP Schemes

DL C MP S h


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DL CoMP Schemes

UL CoMP Schemes


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UL CoMP Schemes

C MP S t


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CoMP Sets

CoMP cooperating set

Set of (geographically separated) points directly or indirectlyparticipating in PDSCH transmission to UE.

CoMP transmission point(s)

Point or set of points actively transmitting PDSCH to UE

A subset of the CoMP cooperating set

CoMP measurement set

Set of points about which channel state/statistical information relatedto their link to the UE is measured and/or reported

CoMP Scenarios in 3GPP TR 36 819


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CoMP Scenarios in 3GPP TR 36.819

Scenario 1: Homogeneous network with intra-site CoMP

Scenario 2: Homogeneous network with high Tx power RRHs Scenario 3: Heterogeneous network with low power RRHs within the macrocell

coverage where the transmission/reception points created by the RRHs have

different cell IDs as the macro cell

Scenario 4: Heterogeneous network with low power RRHs within the macrocell

coverage where the transmission/reception points created by the RRHs have thesame cell IDs as the macro cell

eNB

Coordination area

High Tx

power RRH

Optical fiber Low Tx power

RRH

(Omni-antenna)

eNB

Optical fiber

Scenario 1 - Homogeneous network with intra-

site CoMP

Scenario 2 - Homogeneous network with high Txpower RRHs

Scenario 3/4 - Network with low powerRRHs within the macrocell coverage

R8 CRS for TM1 6: resource mapping


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R8 CRS for TM16: resource mapping

0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l 0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l

Onean

tennaport

Twoantennaports

Resource element (k,l)

Not used for transmission on this antenna port

Reference symbols on this antenna port

0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l 0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l 0l

1R

1R

1R

1R

6l 0l

1R

1R

1R

1R

6l

0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l 0l

0R

0R

0R

0R

6l 0l

1R

1R

1R

1R

6l 0l

1R

1R

1R

1R

6l

Fourantennaports

0l 6l 0l

2R

6l 0l 6l 0l 6l

2R

2R

2R

3

R

3R

3R

3R

even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots

Antenna port 0


Antenna port 1


Antenna port 2


Antenna port 3

R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: resource mapping


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R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: resource mapping

UE-specific RS (antenna port 5)

12 symbols per RB pair DL CQI estimation is always based on cell-specific RS (common RS)


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R10 UE-specific RS for TM9/10: resource mapping


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R10 UE-specific RS for TM9/10: resource mapping


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R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: sequence


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The reference-signal sequence is defined by

where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with

at the start of each subframe


RNTI16cell

IDsinit 21212 nNnc

11210,)12(212

1)2(21

2

1)( PDSCHRBs N,. .. ,,mmcjmcmrn

UE specific within a cell



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R9 UE specific RS for TM8: sequence

11210,)12(212

1)2(21

2

1)( DLmax,RB N,. .. ,,mmcjmcmr

SCID

16cell

IDinit21212/ nNnc

s




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SCID

16cell

IDinit21212/ nNnc

s


11210,)12(212

1)2(21

2

1)( DLmax,RB N,...,,mmcjmcmr



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- if no value for is provided by higher layers

- otherwise


UE specific within a vir tual cell

SCID16)(

IDsinit 21212/SCID nnnc

n

cellID

)(ID nn i

ii nn DMRS,ID)(ID

inDMRS,ID

11210,)12(212

1)2(21

2

1)( DLmax,RB N,...,,mmcjmcmr

R10 CSI-RS for TM9/10: resource mapping


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R10 CSI RS for TM9/10: resource mapping

even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots

0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l

0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l

15R 15R 16R 16R

17R 17R 18R 18R

19R 19R 20R 20R

21R 21R 22R 22R

CSI-RS is transmitted by puncturing data RE on both LTE Rel-8/9 andLTE-Adv PDSCH

CSI-RS is regarded as data RE to LTE UE Some performance impacts on the legacy UEs are inevitable

Loss of information due to puncturing, Interference from CSI-RS

R10 CSI-RS for TM9: sequence


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at the start of each OFDM symbol

R10 CSI RS for TM9: sequence

cell specific

1,...,1,0,)12(212

1)2(21

2

1)( DLmax,RB, s Nmmcjmcmr nl

CP

cell

ID

cell

IDs

10

init

2121172 NNNlnc

R11 CSI-RS for TM10: sequence


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at the start of each OFDM symbol

A UE in transmission mode 10 can be configured with one or moreCSI processes per serving cell by higher layers.

Therefore UE can send CSI of each TP in independently. (support to

do CS/CB, DPS, JT)

R11 CSI RS for TM10: sequence

vir tual cell specific

1,...,1,0,)12(212

1)2(212

1)( DLmax,RB, s Nmmcjmcmr nl

CPIDIDs

10

init2121172 Nnnlnc

Cell agnostic operation


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Cell agnostic operation

UE is camping to one serving cell as in R8

(following process is with serving cell)Synchronize with PSS/SSS/CRS, identify cell id, read SI

RACH and PDCCH are cell specific

RRM/RLM measurement is performed on cell specific

CRS, Handover is also cell specific.

RRC configuration message is carried by PDSCH and

PDCCH based on cell specific CRS

Cell agnostic operation can work after RRC

setup is done.

eNB can configure Resource management set for UE to

measure CSI-RS RSRP to help determining CoMP set.

eNB can configure CoMP measurement set including

multiple CSI-RS resource to one UE.UE measure the CSI-RS from eNB and feedback CSI.

eNB schedule PDSCH/PUSCH through ePDCCH

UE transmit PUSCH targeting to a virtual cell, network can

decide which cell to receive it.

UE receive PDSCH without know which cell it comes from

From/to serving cell

RACH

PSS/SSS

CRS/SI

RR

M/RLM

CS

I-RS

PUSCH

RI/PMI/

CQI

eP

DCCH

PDSCH

UE

UE doesnt know

which cell this channel is from/to

PDCCH

Beam-switching vs Handover


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Beam-switching vs Handover

Beam SwitchingMoving between Beams in the Same Base Station

(Low-Layer Procedure)

HandoverMoving between Beams of different Base Stations (High-Layer Procedure)

* source: ERTI


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LTE Uplink spectral efficiency gains


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p p y g(Full buffer, macro network, up to 4 BS antennas)

Achieving decisive UL performance gainsrequires 4RX antennas per sector.

UL JR-CoMP gives attractive Cell Edgeand Sector SE gains also as part ofintra-site evolution.

Gains from inter-site JR-CoMP areincreased when power settings arechanged to trade-off cell edge SE gainsfor sector SE gains.

UL JR-CoMP does not require standardsupport, but standard support willenhance UL JR-CoMP performance.

~25% sector SE gain and ~50% celledge SE gain over 2 Rx IRC can beachieved with intra-site 2 Rx JR CoMP

~20% sector SE gain and ~30% celledge SE gain over 4Rx IRC with MU-MIMO can be achieved with intra-site4Rx JR CoMP

CoMP CoMP

CoMP gainsvary withassumedreceiver type.

2 RX antennas per sector 4 RX antennas per sector

Intra-siteevolution

Reference:

Sector SE (cell throughput): 0.85 Bps/Hz/Cell

Cell Edge SE (5%-tile CDF): 0.04 Bps/Hz/Cell @ MRC,Single cell, 2 Rx

Environment:

FDD, Macro Case 1, Full Buffer, Uncorrelated, cross-polar BS antennas

Power settings (also in reference) emphasize cell edgeSE

Receiver types:

Interference cancellation w/ IRC

IRC (single cell) or reduced complexity IRC (CoMP)* NSN result are included in 3GPP TR36.819


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Carrier Aggregation

MCCA


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MC (Multi Carrier) : SKT850MHz 2x10MHz1.8GHz2x10MHzMC LTE

850MHz2 850MHz1.8GHz,

850MHz1.8GHz, PDR2DL 75Mbps

CA (Carrier Aggregation) N.

SKTPDR2DL 150Mbps

MC

Intra-band contiguous CA ()

Intra-band non-contiguous CA

Inter-band (non-contiguous) CA ()

Some options of CA terminal implementation


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p p

Carrier Aggregation bands


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gg gRelease independent

Carrier Aggregation bands in

3GPP Rel-11

CA Band E-UTRA operatingband

Requested by

CA_1-19 1 + 19 NTT DOCOMO

CA_3-7 3 + 7 TeliaSonera

CA_4-13 4 + 13 Verizon Wireless

CA_4-17 4 + 17 AT&T

CA_7-20 7 + 20 Orange et al

CA_5-12 5 + 12 US Cellular

CA_4-12 4 + 12 Cox Communication

CA_2-17 2 + 17 AT&T

CA_4-5 4 + 5 AT&T

CA_5-17 5 + 17 AT&T

CA_3-5 3 + 5 SK Telecom

CA_4-7 4 + 7 Rogers Wireless

CA_3-20 3 + 20 Vodafone

CA_8-20 8 + 20 Vodafone

CA_1-18 1+18 KDDI

CA_1-21 1+21 NTT DOCOMOCA_11-18 11+18 KDDI

CA_3-8 3+8 KT

Inter-band CA:

CA Band E-UTRA operating

band

Requested by

CA_41 41 Clearwire, CMCC,

CA_38 38 CMCC

CA_7 7 CUC, CT, Telenor et al

CA Band E-UTRA operating

bands

CA_1-5 1

5

Carrier aggregation bands in

3GPP Rel-10(Source: TS36.104, version 10.9.0)

Inter-band CA:

Intra-bandCA:

CA Band E-UTRA operatingband

CA_1 1

CA_40 40

Intra-bandCA:

User plane structure Downlink


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p

Compared to the Layer 2 structure of LTE Rel-8, the multi-carrier nature ofthe physical layer is only exposed to the MAC layer for which one HARQentity is required per CC.

The Layer 2 structure for the downlink is depicted here:

Independent HARQ per CC.

Thus, HARQ retransmissionsshall be transmitted on the

same CC as the correspondingoriginal transmission.

There is one PDCP and RLCper Radio Bearer. Not visiblefrom RLC on how many CCsthe PHY layer transmission is

conducted. RLC supportsdata rates up to 1Gbps.

Separate transport channels per CC:

One transport block per TTI (when no spatial mux)

Separate HARQ entities and retransmissions

Dynamic Layer 2 packetscheduling across multiple

CCs supported, (provided thatUE is configured to

transmit/receive those multipleCCs).

HARQ HARQ

DL-SCH

on CC1

...

Segm.ARQ etc

Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn

BCCH PCCH

Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Logical Channels

MAC

Radio Bearers

Security Security...

CCCH

MCCH

Multiplexing

MTCH

MBMS Scheduling

PCHBCH MCH

RLC

PDCP

ROHC ROHC...

Segm.ARQ etc

...

Transport Channels

Segm.ARQ etc

Security Security...

ROHC ROHC...

Segm.ARQ etc

...Segm. Segm.

...

...

...

DL-SCH

on CCx

HARQ HARQ

DL-SCH

on CC1

...

DL-SCH

on CCy

User plane structure Uplink


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Same general principle as for downlink:

Independent synchronous HARQ per CC.

If UE is scheduled on multiple CCs, the UEdecides: Which order it utilizes the grants

How to multiplex data from different radio bearers onCCs(based on logical channel prioritization rules).

Separate transport channels per CC.

Multiplexing

...

Scheduling / Priority Handling

Transport Channels

MAC

RLC

PDCP

Segm.

ARQ etc

Segm.

ARQ etc

Logical Channels

ROHC ROHC

Radio Bearers

Secur ity Securi ty

HARQ HARQ...

CC1 CCx...

CC/Cell management: PCell/SCell concept


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CC/Cell management: PCell/SCell concept

CA is configured for a UE

RRC Connected state only

Single RRC Connection (in standards perspective)

No effects to the Idle mode

Primary Cell (PCell):Provides Security inputs

Provides NAS mobility functions

Used for PUCCH transmission

Used for RRC connection re-establishment

Can be changed only by Handover

Cannot be deactivated

Cannot be cross scheduled

Have always Uplink and Downlink resourcesCarrier frequency (FDD) or UL/DL subframes(TDD)

Used for Radio Link Monitoring

In summary: UE operates in PCell in similarmanner as in Rel8/9 serving cell

Secondary Cell (SCell):SCells are configured based on UEcapability

Can have DL only resource or DL and ULresource

Are Rel-8 backward compatible cells

Are configured to be used by the UE bydedicated signaling (RRC Reconfiguration)

Providing additional resources for UEsconnection

Can be deactivated; Both UL and DL isdeactivated simultaneously

Can be cross scheduled from PCell or fromother SCells but always from single location

UE acquires system information of SCell bydedicated signaling (RRC Reconfiguration)

Cell Configuration


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Ce Co gu at o

Pcell

Existing PCell is implicitly indicated

Cell index for PCell is implicitly 0 PCell is changed only with handover (i.e. RACH and security change)

Scell

Delta configuration to the existing SCell applied

Existing SCell is explicitly indicated by frequency or cell index

Full configuration is used for SCell addition SCell can be added / removed / reconfigured for a UE at any time the eNB wants to do so


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CA approach to interference avoidance in HetNet


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pp


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SON

Why SON?


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Performance optimization re-configuration

Why SON?


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LTE-Advanced Improvements


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LTE Advanced Improvements


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Thank you !www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com

Nokia Siemens Networks

20F, Meritz Tower, 825-2

Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu

Seoul 135-080, Korea

Bong Youl (Brian) Cho

Lead Product ManagerKorea, Ph. D

LTE Business Line, MBB

[email protected]

M bil 010 4309 4129
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Documents

LTE NSN Update