LTE Introduction 2011 M.abdelaziz

M. abdelazizM. abdelaziz

Confidentiality level on slide master

Version number on slide master

Agenda Agenda Introduction

Technical solutions overview

LTE Network architecture



Introduction Introduction Telecommunication evolutionTowards 4GMotivation beyond LTEChallenges Technical solutionsLTE features



Telecommunication Telecommunication evolutionevolution•Start with mores code



Telecommunication Telecommunication evolutionevolution•Piezoelectric as voice transducer



Telecommunication Telecommunication evolutionevolution•Telephony network



Telecommunication Telecommunication evolutionevolution•TE POST/PSTN

cabinetbox

cabinet

Central office



Telecommunication Telecommunication evolutionevolution

CO

CO

CO

CO

Alex 1 tandem

Alex 2 tandem

ramsis



Towards 4GTowards 4GFaraday (Power of EMW)

Maxwell (EMW equations)

Hertz (Electrical/EMW relation)



Towards 4GTowards 4G



Speech1G

GSM13 kbps

HSCSD57.6 kbps

Circuit Switched

GPRS115 kbps

Packet Switched

EDGE384 kbps

Time

WCDMA(UMTS)2 Mbps

HSDPA3.6 Mbps

HSUPA5.76 Mbps

Circuit Switching Packet Switching

2G

2.75G

2.25G

2.5G

3G

3.5G

3.75G

1G

Towards LTETowards LTE



0G0GAnalog systemsLow capacityHigh power



1G1GCellular systemsUse FDMAAnalog systemsLow capacityJust voice servicesAMPS / TACS



2G2GServices with high QoS Digital communication Voice/fax/SMS Cellular system

Wide deployment Roaming service



2G2GIncrease system capacity

FDMA/TDMA

Frequency reuse



2.5G2.5GInternet servicesHigh data rate

New coding schemes

More time slots assignmentPacket switching GPRS



2.75G2.75GHigher data rates

New modulation technique

8PSK

New coding schemes

EDGE



GSM

UMTS

3G3G

W-CDMA

New services data video call



3.5/3.75G3.5/3.75GHSDPA/HSUPAEnhance downlink/uplink channelsHigh data rates

higher modulation schemes

MIMO

channel coding



Towards WIMAXTowards WIMAX

DSL

WI-FI

WIMAXmobile

WIMAXfixed



DSLDSLLast mile solutionUsing telephony linesFrom 8 KHZ to 1MHZFixed linesProblem to cover rural areas



WI-FIWI-FIMobility with DSL linesSmall coverage areasAccess point



WIMAX FixedWIMAX Fixed•Substitution of DSL lines

•Using wireless technology

•P to P and P to MP



WIMAX mobileWIMAX mobileMobility with WIMAX controllerOFDMA/SOFDMAAMCMIMOAdmission controlVOIP

controller



OutlinesOutlines

Motivations beyond 4GChallenges Technical solutionsLTE features





Its not a matter of technology it’s a

matter of what YOU want



Motivation beyond LTEMotivation beyond LTECustomer needs Customer needs

Very high data ratesNew servicesLow latencyHigh QoSLow costGood coverage with high

mobility

Operator needsOperator needs

Satisfy customers staying competitiveEfficient reuse of existing

assets Cost efficient in migration in

both COPEX & OPEXSpectrum efficiency & flex.Increase system capacity



ChallengesChallenges

Channel problemScare/expensive spectrum with a lot of sys.Low power resource

SO



ChallengesChallengesWe need

high data rates

high QoS

low delayWithout

power resource

BW

channel quality



ChallengesChallenges

SO Must find technical solutions to face this

all requirements and challenges



Technical solutionsTechnical solutionsIP Packet SW based system OFDMA/SC-FDMAAMC/HARQ/link adaptation MIMOSchedulingTDD/FDDMBMS servicesVOIP/VOLGAFractional frequency reuse





LTE featuresLTE featuresPeak data rate (100M DL/50M UL)Up to 200 active users in a cell Less than 5 ms user-plane latency E-MBMSSpectrum flexibility & efficiencyHigh mobility Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS



Technical solutionsTechnical solutionsIP Packet SW based system OFDMA/SC-FDMAAMC/HARQ/link adaptation MIMOSchedulingTDD/FDDMBMS servicesVOIP/VOLGAFractional frequency reuse

Packet SW New TX way



Packet SW/circuit SWPacket SW/circuit SW

OFDMA/SC-FDMA

New MA techniques



Channel problemChannel problemFading

path loss

absorption/scattering

multipath fadingICIISI



FDM/OFDMFDM/OFDM



OFDMA in LTE OFDMA in LTE



advantagesadvantagesBW eff.

Higher data rates

High channel problem immunity



advantagesadvantages

04/21/23

System Arch 2007 (Fire Tom Wada)44



disadvantages

• Sensitive to freq. error• HPPAR



SC-FDMASC-FDMA

AMC/HARQ/Link adaptation

New solutions



Digital modulationDigital modulation

04/21/23


11 00 11 00 00

ASKASK

PSKPSK

FSKFSK




04/21/23


11 00 11 00 00

carriercarrier

BPSKBPSK

1bit per symbol1bit per symbol

QPSKQPSK

2bit per symbol2bit per symbol

1010 1111 0101 0000 0101






LTE modulation and LTE modulation and coding coding •QPSK

•16 QAM

•64 QAM

•With using channel coding as turbo

•But with adaptive way (AMC)



AMCAMC



Link adaptationLink adaptation



HARQHARQ

MIMO



MIMO SolutionsMIMO Solutions



Diversity Diversity



Spatial MUXSpatial MUX



Beam formingBeam forming



Scheduling Scheduling



TDD/FDDTDD/FDD



Fractional frequency Fractional frequency reuse reuse



MBMSMBMS



VOIP/VOLGAVOIP/VOLGATCPUDPRTPE-RTPSIPTraffic eng. (QoS)

LTE NW architecture

EPS



LTE/SAE Network LTE/SAE Network ElementsElements



LTE user equipment LTE user equipment CategoriesCategories



(eNB)(eNB)

eNB functions:• Radio Resource

Management.

• Selection of an MME at UE attachment.

• Routing of User Plane data towards SA Gateway.



MMEMME

•MME function:



Serving SAE GatewayServing SAE Gateway

•S-GW function:



Packet Data Network (PDN) Packet Data Network (PDN) GatewayGateway

•PDN-GW function:



Home Subscriber Server Home Subscriber Server (HSS)(HSS)•HSS function:



Policy and Charging Rule Function Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF)(PCRF)

•PCRF function:



IMSIMS

• IMS function:

P-GW IMSCSCF

Applicationservers

MGW

Documents

LTE Introduction 2011 M.abdelaziz