LTE for Public Safety - vde- · PDF fileLTE for Public Safety in 3GPP ... LTE network –principle overview Messaging MGCF. ... •Less network signaling and

26/11/20151 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

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LTE for Public Safety

Rainer Liebhart

Nokia Networks

October 15, 2015


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• Why LTE for Public Safety?

• Deployment aspects

• Devices and Applications

• 3GPP Release 12

• 3GPP Release 13

• Key takeaways

Agenda


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Why LTE for Public Safety


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• Public Safety (PubS, PS) networks provide communication services to entities such as police, fire fighters, civil defense or paramedic services

• These networks can also be used by commercially operated security firms e.g. at airports, ports, campus areas

• Today’s networks are operating in certain frequency bands, providing special features like walkie-talkie, relay and direct communication

• Digital PubS systems until today are based on two incompatible standards:

• APCO(*) P.25 in the US and ANZ, Brazil, India, Russia, Singapore

• TETRA in Europe and more than 60 other countries

(*) APCO: Association of Public Safety Communications Officials / TETRA: Terrestrial Trunked Radio

Today‘s Public Safety networks


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• Operators/agencies running P.25 or TETRA networks were attracted by LTE data rates and lower costs for devices and network equipment compared to TETRA/P.25 and the fact that LTE can potentially been operated in any frequency band (more than 40 bands defined for LTE so far)

• The US administration in 2012 were first to demand an LTE based, country wide first responder network and provided $7 B to start this activity

• The UK was next to decide as their TETRA based licenses run out middle of this decade

• France and Netherlands are also driving standards in 3GPP, other countries are still waiting as their licenses for TETRA system only end in the next decade

• South Korea is very demanding to roll-out a LTE based PS network latest at 2018 (or already in 2017)

• German government is looking into capabilities of LTE but not planning to replace TETRA in short-time as a budget of 3.6 B € for the full runtime of BOS Net-project until 2020 was granted in the past

History

Facts about LTE and P25/TETRA

• LTE is the de-facto mobile broadband standard

- Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) is listing 393 deployed LTE networks in 138 countries

- Nearly 2919 LTE capable devices available- 497 Million LTE subscriptions- 755 million connections worldwide as of Q2 2015

• Economies of scale

- APCO P.25 and TETRA address small markets with few suppliers only

- Handheld prices significantly higher than for LTE smartphones

• LTE is the current mobile broadband technology

- Peak DL rates up to 300 Mbit/s, UL rates up to 75 Mbit/s- TETRA provides 7.2 kbit/s data rate per time slot (4 slots

can be combined), P.25 offers even less- New versions of TETRA support rates up to 691 kbit/s

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

• 3GPP (http://www.3gpp.org) is a joint international standardization initiative between North American (ATIS), European (ETSI) and Asian organizations (ARIB and TTC in Japan, TTA in Korea and CCSA in China)

• Established in December 1998 to specify the 3rd generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

• 3GPP is organized in so called Working Groups

• New features are specified in Releases (durationtypically 1 ½ years),

• Release 8 (begin 2008) was the starting pointfor the development of LTE

• The next generation of mobile networks(working title „5G“) is already at the horizon

http://www.3gpp.org/

LTE for Public Safety in 3GPP (http://www.3gpp.org)

Rel-12 finalized by

03/15

Rel-13 Final

completion planned for

03/16

2012 2015

Exploration 3GPP Rel-12 Rel-13 and beyond

2013 2014

Rel-133GPP CTx, RANx3GPP SA23GPP SA1

2016…

Rel-12 content:1. Group Communication using LTE2. Device to Device communication (also called Proximity Services)

Rel-13 content: 1. Mission Critical Push To Talk 2. MBMS enhancements 3. ProSe extensions 4. Isolated E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety

Rel-14 content: 1. Mission Critical Video 2. Mission Critical Data


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Deployment aspects


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Cell site

EPC/IMSOSS, BSS

Cell site

eNodeB

eNodeB

Management Charging

Operator services

VoLTE Vdeo

Internet

IntranetIP backhaulIP backbone

DNS FW

MME S/P-GW

HSS/SPR

PCRF

CSCF

BM-SC MBMS-GW

LTE network – principle overview

Messaging

MGCF


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Mobile operator

Public safety

OTT

RAN sharing for

public safety

Dedicated LTE

network for

public safety

Public safety services

HSS

MMES/P-

GW

eNB

Interconnection

network

AS


Mobile operator

MME

S/P-

GW

eNB

AS,

IMS,

PCRFHSS

MME S/P-

GW


eNB

AS,

IMS,

PCRFHSS

MME S/P-

GW

Mobile operator

Hosted

public safety

HSS

MMES/P-

GW

eNB

AS,

IMS,

PCRF

Shared

spectrum

Shared

spectrum

Shared or

dedicated

spectrum

dedicated

spectrum

Possible deployment options


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Devices and Applications

26/11/201513 © Nokia 2015

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Public Safety Devices for wide range of different LTE bandsTens of ruggedized (MIL-STD-810G & IP6x) LTE devices, Jan 2015

Handheld

USB-modems/Modules

Tablets

Notebooks

Vehicle

• MIL-STD-810G – US Military standard, Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests .Note: typically consumer ruggedized devices are not fully compliant

• IP Code – International protection marking. Solid particle and liquid ingress protection

26/11/201514 © Nokia 2015

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New Revolutionary M2M Wearable

26/11/201515 © Nokia 2015

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Public Safety Applications CategoriesEnhanced PS mission execution with high performance LTE

Person to person & groupcommunication

Control room applications

Surveillanceand monitoring

Location

• Situation awareness, augmented reality

• Voice, Video, Picture

• Ambient listening, body camera

• Sensor readings

• Smoke, heat, sound (e.g. gunshot), movement, humidity, biometrics, dangerous substances, etc.• Location awareness

• Tracking of individuals & equipment

• Guiding and directions (navigator)

• 3D & indoor location

• Voice, Video, Picture, Text

• Individual, Group, Dispatch

• Half-duplex PTT, full-duplex voice

• Legacy system interworking (TETRA, P25, Analog)

• Database lookup, reporting

• Crime registers, license registers, medical records, tax records, etc.

• Fingerprint reading, facial recognition, license plate reading

• Dispatcher Applications

• Dispatcher interface

• Application O&M

Database


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Group Communication over LTE (GCSE_LTE)

Group Communication over LTE consists of following building blocks …

MBMS Delivery uses the broadcast mode of 3GPP’s MBMS feature for delivery of downlink group communication media to many users at the same time

Unicast Delivery refers to the re-use of normal EPS bearers for communication between UE and Application Server (GCS AS)

Service Continuity to allow the UE to switch between MBMS and Unicast Delivery

Proximity Services to allow for out of coverage based group communication

Off Network

On Network

GCSE solution overview

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MBMS GW BM-SC

AS

S/P-GW

PCRF

Rx

SGi

MB2-U

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MCE MBMS GW BM-SC

Ap

plic

atio

n D

om

ain

GCS AS

MB2-C

S/P- GW

PCRF

GC1

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MBMS GW BM-SC

AS

S/P-GW

PCRF

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MCE MBMS GW BM-SC

Ap

plic

atio

n D

om

ain

GCS ASS/P- GW

PCRF

GC1

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MBMS GW BM-SC

AS

S/P-GW

PCRF

MME

HSS

Unicast Delivery

MBMS Delivery

MCE MBMS GW BM-SC

Ap

plic

atio

n D

om

ain

GCS ASS/P- GW

PCRF

GC1

eNodeB

MBSFN

areaEUTRA

cell

Main components of GCSE:

• Broadcast via standardized and secured MB2 interface

• Unicast via SGi interface

• GCS AS (de-)activates, modifies MBMS bearers over MB2-C and is maintaining EPS sessions for Unicast Delivery via Rx

• GC1 application layer signalling between GCS AS and UE to be standardized as part of Rel-13 MCPTT

• GCS AS delivers DL data to a group of UEs either using Unicast Delivery or MBMS Delivery or both simultaneously

• GCS AS receives UL data from the UE via unicast bearers

• GCS AS controls service continuity between Unicast and MBMS Delivery for a UE

- To allow for low E2E latency (<= 150 ms), high scheduling priority in E-UTRAN and optimal radio utilization, i.e. cope with short talk bursts followed by long silence periods, 3GPP defined a set of new QoS Class Identifier (QCI) values for GCSE.

- These QCI values can be used I case of Unicast Delivery and MBMS Delivery

New QCI values for Public Safety

QCI Resource Type (Scheduling) Priority

Level

Packet Delay Budget

(PDB)

Packet Error

Loss Rate

Example Services

65 GBR 0.7 (+) 75ms 10-2 Mission Critical user plane PTT

voice (e.g. MCPTT)

66 GBR 2 100 ms 10-2 Non-Mission-Critical user plane

Push To Talk voice

69 Non-GBR 0.5 (+) 60 ms 10-6 Mission Critical delay sensitive

signalling (e.g. MCPTT signalling)

70 Non-GBR 5.5 200 ms 10-6 Mission critical data (e.g. Email,

chat, ftp, file sharing, etc.)

(+) Note that up to Rel-12 the highest priority level was 1 for the IMS signalling bearer.

Switch from MBMS to Unicast based on UE measurements

• Service Continuity allows the UE to continue receiving group communication media from the GCS AS whenever MBMS Delivery becomes unavailable (e.g. UE moves out of MBSFN area)

• Based on decreasing radio link quality, UE can inform GCS AS to establish a unicast bearer

• This scenario is called “Make before Break” as a unicast bearer is established before the UE is unable to receive data via MBMS Delivery

• A “Break before Make” scenario is assumed when the reception of data via MBMS Delivery is lost before Unicast Delivery is successfully established


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Proximity Services (ProSe) a.k.a. D2D


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3GPP Direct discovery

• D2D discovery at unparalleled scale and capacity (~1000 devices)

• Less network signaling and lower UE power consumption

• Public safety services and Consumer services

• Proximity triggered communication with normal LTE or WiFi

3GPP Direct communication

• LTE direct communication for public safety UEs

• Enables group (1 – to - many) communication directly between UEs

• Supported in network coverage and out of network coverage

3GPP proximity services

Direct Discovery:• Ability for a device to discover

other devices in its proximity using E-UTRA direct radio signals without using the network infrastructure

Direct Communication:• Ability to communicate

between two or more devices in proximity via E-UTRA radio technology bypassing the mobile network

Proximity Services for Public SafetyIntroduction

<Change information classification in footer>


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ProSe Direct Discovery - Overview

• ProSe-enabled UEs to discover other ProSe-enabled UE(s) in its proximity without using the network

• ProSe Direct Discovery can be a standalone service to provide information for applications (e.g. “find a taxi nearby”)

• Direct Discovery is not needed for Public Safety Direct Communication

Discovery models: • Model A (“I am here”)

(supported in Rel-12) - the UE announces its presence to other UE(s)

• UE(s) that announce are called “announcing UE(s)”

• UE(s) that monitor are called “monitoring UE(s)”

• Model B (“who is there?” “Are you there?”) (moved to Rel-13) - the UE tries to discover other UE(s) by sending a request containing certain information.

Discovery Modes:• Open (supported in Rel-12)

– no explicit permission needed from the UE that is being discovered

• E.g.: Discovering the nearby ATM(s)

• Restricted (moved to Rel-13) – explicit permission needed from the UE that is being discovered

• E.g.: Discovering the nearby friends

Discovery via direct radio link

Using E-UTRA radio signals

ProSe Direct Communication - Overview

- Direct Communication means communication between two or more devices in proximity via LTE radio technology bypassing the mobile network

- Two communication modes considered: network independent and network dependent direct communication

- Network independent direct communication does not require any network assistance, communication is performed by using information locally available at the UE(s) (pre-configured)

- Network dependent direct communication always requires network assistance to authorize the connection

- Direct communication In- and out- of E-UTRA coverage scenarios are supported

1-to-many (out of coverage)

communication

1-to-many (in coverage)

communication


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ProSe Enhancements

Release 13


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- UE to Network Relays for Public Safety use

- Priority (QoS) support for ProSe Direct Communication

- Restricted ProSe Direct Discovery for non-Public Safety

- Support for “Model B” of Direct Discovery for all use cases (i.e. open and restricted discovery)

- Enhancements to the procedures for open ProSe Direct Discovery

- Enhancements to support proximity estimations, e.g. how near or how far a discovered UE is from the discovering UE for introducing additional range classes

ProSe Enhancements Release 13


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- Relay UE is connected to the network and provides network connection to out-of coverage UEs (Remote UEs)

- A Remote UE can discover the Relay UE using Relay Discovery

- Similar to ProSe Direct Discovery, can also be used out-of coverage

- Remote UEs can learn what type of service can be obtained via the Relay based on Relay Service Code(s) advertised by the Relay UE

- One-to-one direct communication is used between the Remote UE and Relay UE

- The Relay UE acts as IP level router towards the Remote UEs

UE-Network Relays for Public Safety

S-GW

P-GW App Server

EPCeNBRelay UE

Remote UE

Remote UE


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Mission Critical Push To Talk (MCPTT)

Release 13


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MCPTT over LTE

- MCPTT mimics the behavior of Push to Talk (PTT) services provided by legacy systems like TETRA and P.25

- Two or more users can engage in communication

- Users have to request for permission to transmit, traditionally by pressing a button on their handset

- Only one user can talk at a certain time, all others are just listeners

- MCPTT allows a user e.g. to register, join and leave group communication, request the floor to speak, manage group settings, create groups based on permission

- MCPTT supports distribution of TMGIs, security keys, notification of current cell to the Application Server

LTE EPC AppLayer


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MCPTT Group Call

- If session has not been setup at group affiliation time, UE-1 sends INVITE at MCPTT call setup, and the response will contain the details of the media interface

- If group affiliation includes session setup from UE-1 to MCPTT, then floor control uplink signalling is carried out directly using unicast media

- Group downlink may be sent over multicast interface (shown right hand side) or unicast interface

SIP

MCPTT AS/mediahandler

IMS

UE-1

RAN , EPC

UE-2

media

eMBMS

Floorcontrol

BM-SC

UE-3


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Isolated E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety (IOPS)

Release 13


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IOPS - general overview

• IOPS provides means to operate a E-UTRAN without or with limited backhaul connection to the core

• It should be possible to create a local serving radio access network without backhaul connections

• IOPS also aims to address a scenario where a fixed or nomadic set of eNBs (NeNB) with a (non-ideal) limited bandwidth backhaul is used

• The Isolated E-UTRAN may comprise a single or multiple eNBs, a single or multiple NeNBs, or a mixed group of eNBs and NeNBs

eNB

eNB

MME

S-GW

P-GW PCRF

HSS

Macro EPC

E-UTRAN

eNB

Backhaul

eNB

NeNB

Isolated E-UTRAN

eNB


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IOPS – Rel-13

• Only the no backhaul scenario is supported

• The solution is that a “Local EPC” (local MME, SGW/PGW etc functions) is deployed with the eNB (“Network In the Box”)

• In order to restrict the access of the eNB operating in IOPS mode for Public Safety UEs a special PLMN ID is advertised

• The assumption is that UE uses separate credentials (on different USIM applications)

Local MME

LocalSGW/PGW

Local App Server

Local HSS

eNB

Local EPC


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Take away – LTE for Public Safety


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Key TakeawaysLTE for Public Safety

Unlocks new revenue opportunities for vendors and operators

Possible broad range of deployment scenarios (with dedicated or shared spectrum)

Synergies by re-use of commercial LTE networks, economy of scale factor

1

2

3


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For more details, please refer to:

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LTE for Public Safety - vde- · PDF fileLTE for Public Safety in 3GPP ... LTE network –principle overview Messaging MGCF. ... •Less network signaling and