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Page 1: LTE Agilent

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3GPP LTE Fundamentals

Bai Ying(ying_baiagilentcom)

Tel 010-643968751333 109 1323

Signal Sources Division

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LTE Overview

LTE Major Features

LTE Air Interface

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

What is LTE

Standard Evolution

Why want LTE

Network Architecture

Marketing Status

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What is LTE

What is LTE

- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS

- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface

- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA

Other names of LTE

- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Related names

- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)

- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon

LTE Core Network name

It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

It refers to the evolved core network

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Why want LTE

Design requirements ( TR 25913 )

bull Data Rate

100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz

bull Throughput

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

bull Spectrum Efficiency

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 2: LTE Agilent

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LTE Overview

LTE Major Features

LTE Air Interface

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

What is LTE

Standard Evolution

Why want LTE

Network Architecture

Marketing Status

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What is LTE

What is LTE

- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS

- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface

- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA

Other names of LTE

- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Related names

- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)

- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon

LTE Core Network name

It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

It refers to the evolved core network

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Why want LTE

Design requirements ( TR 25913 )

bull Data Rate

100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz

bull Throughput

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

bull Spectrum Efficiency

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 3: LTE Agilent

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

What is LTE

Standard Evolution

Why want LTE

Network Architecture

Marketing Status

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What is LTE

What is LTE

- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS

- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface

- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA

Other names of LTE

- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Related names

- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)

- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon

LTE Core Network name

It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

It refers to the evolved core network

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Why want LTE

Design requirements ( TR 25913 )

bull Data Rate

100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz

bull Throughput

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

bull Spectrum Efficiency

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 4: LTE Agilent

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What is LTE

What is LTE

- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS

- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface

- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA

Other names of LTE

- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Related names

- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)

- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon

LTE Core Network name

It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

It refers to the evolved core network

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Why want LTE

Design requirements ( TR 25913 )

bull Data Rate

100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz

bull Throughput

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

bull Spectrum Efficiency

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 5: LTE Agilent

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Why want LTE

Design requirements ( TR 25913 )

bull Data Rate

100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz

bull Throughput

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

bull Spectrum Efficiency

3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )

2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 6: LTE Agilent

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Wireless evolution

Five competing 39G systems

39G

35G

3G

HSUPAFDD amp TDD

IS-95Bcdma

HSCSD iMode25G

2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM

GPRS

E-GPRSEDGE

80211g

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

IS-95Ccdma2000

80211a

80211b

1xEV-DORelease B

1xEV-DORelease A

WiBRO

1xEV-DORelease 0

W-CDMAFDD

HSDPAFDD amp TDD

W-CDMATDD

TD-SCDMALCR-TDD

80216dFixed

WiMAXTM

80211n

80211h

LTEE-UTRA

EDGE Evolutio

nHSPA+

80216eMobile

WiMAXTM

UMBcf 80220

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 7: LTE Agilent

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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )

1999

2010

3GPP

Release

Commercial introduction

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)

Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 2006 HSDPA

Rel-6 2007 HSUPA

Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items

Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network

EDGE Evolution

More HSPA+

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 8: LTE Agilent

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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture

MME = Mobile Management Entity

SAE = System Architecture Evolution

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 9: LTE Agilent

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Selection of MME during attachment

Scheduling the paging message

Routing the user plane data to SAE GW

RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt

PDCP IP header compression Encryption

RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length

MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info

PHY Complete L1 Functionality

The eNB amp MME functions

eNB

3GPP TR 23401

NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering

NAS Signaling control

SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling

Inter CN Node signaling

(3GPP networks ndash roaming)

MME

S1

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 10: LTE Agilent

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LTE Market Overview

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Plans of Global Major Operators

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 11: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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Plans of Global Major Operators

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 12: LTE Agilent

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LTE RampD status

Customer Activities on TD-LTE

China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively

bull TD-LTE project is set up

bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing

bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization

Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos

ZTE

Huawei

Bell-Alcatel

Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform

bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE

Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD

before 2009

Freescale

Nortel

TI

Motorola

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

Agilent TampM Forum

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 13: LTE Agilent

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

OFDMA

SC-FDMA

MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

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Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

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Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 14: LTE Agilent

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure

Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD

Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz

Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna

User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW

(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)

Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM

DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity

Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable

UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO

Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 15: LTE Agilent

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LTE Features

Feature Capability

Transmission Time Interval 1 ms

H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)

Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)

Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot

Downlink once per 66μs symbol

Inter-TTI Across retransmissions

Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP

Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)

Frequency diversity by frequency hopping

Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

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Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 16: LTE Agilent

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

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Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 17: LTE Agilent

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Multi-Carrier Transmission

fT 1

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 18: LTE Agilent

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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal

OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers

Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth

)2exp()2()(1

0

tT

ijdTtrectts

N

i

i

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 19: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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OFDM advantages

bull High spectrum efficiency

bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA

bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols

bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels

bull Link Adaptation

OFDM disadvantages

bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing

bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers

bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL

bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

Agilent TampM Forum

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

Agilent TampM Forum

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 20: LTE Agilent

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DFT- Based OFDM

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 21: LTE Agilent

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OFDM vs OFDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Subcarriers

Sym

bo

ls (T

ime

)

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access

OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA

User 1

User 2

User 3

OFDM

LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 22: LTE Agilent

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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM

SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM

TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA

Frequency domain Time domainTime domain

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink

DFTSub - carrier

MappingCP

insertion

Size - N TX Size - N FFT

Coded symbol rate= R

N TX symbols

IFFT

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 23: LTE Agilent

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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol

N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel

One symbol period

The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted

With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal

Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 24: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers

To transmit the sequence

1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1

using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence

+1

-1

V(Q)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

+1

-1

V(I)

One SC-FDMA symbol period

Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz

Frequency

Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth

Frequency

Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original

11-11

1-1-1-1

Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit

Important Note

PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation

11-11

1-1-1-1

I

Q

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

Agilent TampM Forum

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

Agilent TampM Forum

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

Agilent TampM Forum

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

Agilent TampM Forum

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 25: LTE Agilent

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What is MIMO

Multi-Input Multi-Output

Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )

TxM-Antennas

RxN-Antennas

CHANNEL

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 26: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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SISO

Single-Input Single-Output

SIMO

Single-Input Multi-Output

MISO

Multi-Input Single-Out

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Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

Agilent TampM Forum

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 27: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Why MIMO

bull Increasing channel capacity

bull Increasing robustness

bull Increasing coverage

MIMO Classification

bull Spatial Multiplexing

bull Spatial Diversity

bull Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 28: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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Spatial Multiplexing

(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)

bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2

transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data

rate (rate 2)

bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are

a combination of signals from both Tx antennas

bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS

or

S=H-1R

Bits to

Symbol

Mapping

eg QPSK

Tx

Symbol

to

Antenna

Mapping

b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3

1110 -1-j1 1-j1

s0 s2

s1 s3

I

11

01 00

t1 t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0 r2

Rx

r1 r3

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

Agilent TampM Forum

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 29: LTE Agilent

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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0

1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1

r h s h s n h hr s n

h hr s nr h s h s n

r Hs n

s0 -s1

s1 s0

TX

h0

h1

r0 r1 RX

Solution 0 01 0 1

2 2

11 00 11

1s rh h

rh hh hs

s H r

t1 t2

Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 30: LTE Agilent

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Beamforming

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 31: LTE Agilent

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MIMO System Mathematical Representation

R = HT + n

T = H-1R

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 32: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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H = UDVH

where UUH = I and VVH = I

R = HT becomes R = UDVH T

if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver

then UHR = DT

SDV decomposition of H

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 33: LTE Agilent

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Beamforming

Agilent TampM Forum

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 34: LTE Agilent

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Single user MIMO

SU-MIMO

eNB 1 UE 1

Σ Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 35: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Multiple user MIMO

UE 2

UE 1

eNB 1

MU-MIMO

Σ

= data stream 1

= data stream 2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

Agilent TampM Forum

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 36: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE OverviewLTE

Overview

LTE Major

Features

LTE Air

Interface

Overview

Downlink FDD and TDD

Uplink FDD and TDD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 37: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 37

Frame Structure

13 Aug 2007

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

Agilent TampM Forum

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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 38: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 38

Slot Structure ( Time Domain )

7 OFDM symbols Normal CP

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

13 Aug 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 OFDM symbols Extended CP

Cyclic Prefix

512 2048

1slot = 15360 Ts

4 5 54

512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048

53210 4

2048150001s T

3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only

Cyclic Prefix

1024 4096

1slot = 15360 Ts

0 1 21 2

1024 4096 1024 4096

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 39: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )

Nsymb OFDM symbols

One slot

NRB x NRBsc subcarriers

Resource block

NDLsymb x NRB

sc

Resource element

(k l)

l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1

NRBsc subcarriers

Condition NRBsc Nsymb

Normal

cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7

Extended

cyclic prefix

∆f=15kHz 12 6

∆f=75kHz 24 3

Resource Block

05 ms x 180 kHz

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 40: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 40

Downlink only

Uplink only

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

MCH

PRACH

PUCCH

PUSCH

Physical Signals

RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS

Physical

Channels

amp

Physical

SignalsCommo

n

Dedicate

d

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 41: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 41

Transport Channels of E-UTRAN

DL Channels Full name Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel

Define number of PDCCH OFDM

symbols per subframe

( 1 2 or 3 )

PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload

Downlink Physical Channels

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 42: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent RestrictedPage 42

Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals

DL Signals Full name Purpose

P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

part of the cell ID (one of 3

orthogonal sequences)

S-Sync Secondary Synchronization

Signal

Used for cell search and

identification by the UE Carries

the remainder of the cell ID (one

of 170 binary sequences)

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation

Exact sequence derived from cell

ID (one of 3 170 = 510)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 43: LTE Agilent

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Downlink ndash Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Channel Coding

MIMO

OFDMA Signal Generation

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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

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LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

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Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

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Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 44: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

PCH PDSCH

MCH PMCH

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

CFI PCFICH NA Block code

HI PHICH NA Repetition code

DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional

coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 45: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

MIMO

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

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Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 46: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

LTE DL MIMO Features

DL Channels MIMO processing Specification

PBCH Only support TxDiv 663

PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643

PHICH Only support TxDiv 693

PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683

PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634

PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65

Support up to 4x4 configuration

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 47: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping

Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams

Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 48: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 2 3 4L1

1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0

2 4 6 8L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 49: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 3 5 7L0

1 3 5 7L2

5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3

5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1

1 2 3 4CW1

1 2 3 4CW2

1 2 3 4L0

1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8

2 4 6 8L2

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 50: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity

1 2 3 4CW1

1

3

5

7

L0

5 6 7 82

4

6

8

L1

L2

L3

1 2 3 4CW1

1 3L0

2 4L1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 51: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )

With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can

always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for

transmission

For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of

antenna ports used for transmission

For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna

ports used for transmission

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 52: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding

For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of

data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to

best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from

UE to select appropriate code book

For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 53: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

iW

iy

iy

P

Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 54: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing

)(

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ix

UiDiW

iy

iy

P

large delay CDD

Codebook

index

Number of layers

1 2

0

1

2

3 -

1

1

2

1

10

01

2

1

1

1

2

1

11

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

jj

11

2

1

j

1

2

1

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 55: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 -S1

S1 S0

ant0 ant1

SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

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Page 56: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity

S0 NULL -S1 NULL

S1 NULL S0 NULL

NULL S2 NULL -S3

NULL S3 NULL S2

ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3

Switched TxD and SFBC

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 57: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

ScramblingModulation

mapper

layerscode words

CRC Channel Coding

CRC Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Rate Matching

code words

Resource element

mapperIDFT

Resource element

mapperIDFT

antenna ports

CP Insertion Shaping

CP Insertion Shaping

antenna ports

Different for FDD and TDD

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 58: LTE Agilent

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Ts Time clock unit for definitions

Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately

0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19

One subframe

One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9

Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

DwPTS T(variable)

One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms

0 2 3 4 5

One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms

Guard period T(variable)

UpPTS T(variable)

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms

7 8 9

For 5ms switch-point periodicity

For 10ms switch-point periodicity

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 59: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Configuration Switch-

point

periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink

bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink

Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 60: LTE Agilent

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

Reference Signal

1 frame

1 sub-frame

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec

Configuration CP length

Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)

144 (16)

Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)

∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

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Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 61: LTE Agilent

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

(3-12 symbols)

GP

(1-10 symbols)

UpPTS

(1-2 symbols)

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframe

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 62: LTE Agilent

3GPP LTE training material

Agilent Restricted20081017

Physical Layer definitions

Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6

DwPTS

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot

1 subframe

Downlink

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBCH

PDCCH

PDSCH

Reference Signal

Uplink

Reference Signal

(Demodulation)

PUSCH

UpPTS

Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP

DwPTS

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 63: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Physical Channels and Signals

UL

Channels

Full name Purpose

PRACH Physical Random Access

Channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control

Channel

Scheduling ACKNACK

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared

Channel

Payload

UL Signals Full name Purpose

DMRS Demodulation Reference

Signal

Used for synchronization to

the UE and UL channel

estimation

Associated with a transport

channel

SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel

estimation when there is no

transport channel

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 64: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Scrambling

Modulation

mapper

Layer

mapper

CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching

Resource element

mapperDFT

IDFT CP Insertion Shaping

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 65: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Channel Coding Schemes

TrCH Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

RACH PRACH NA NA

UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding

Control

Information

Physical

Channel

CRC Channel Coding

UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting

convolutional coding

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 66: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Agilent Confidential

Page 66

PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)

Cyclic Prefix

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)

1slot = 15360

10 2 3 4 5 6

Reference Signal (Demodulation)

1 slot

0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

011

112

219

313

414

515

616 17 18

1 frame

10 2 3 4 5 6

1 sub-frame

13 Aug 2007

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 67: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping

0m

0m1m

1m

2m

2m3m

3m

One subframe

0PRB n

1ULRBPRB Nn

l

PUCCH

formatNormal cyclic

prefix

Extended

cyclic prefix

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3

2 2a 2b 1 5 3

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

Agilent Restricted

Page 68: LTE Agilent

Agilent TampM Forum

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PRACH Resource Mapping

l

Agilent TampM Forum

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Page 69: LTE Agilent

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