LTE – More Than AcronymsLTE – More Than Acronyms

Presentation to:NPSTC

Arlington, VAJune 10, 2009

Presentation to:NPSTC

Arlington, VAJune 10, 2009

LTE – An acronym for all occasionsLTE – An acronym for all occasions• A discussion of the acronym ridden LTE

standard is timely given the United States government priority on expanding availability of broadband services to the entire population

• A number of wireless technologies will compete with or will complement wired technologies to provide universal service

• LTE is a candidate technology for public safety broadband wireless service, perhaps in a modified core network form

• A discussion of the acronym ridden LTE standard is timely given the United States government priority on expanding availability of broadband services to the entire population

• A number of wireless technologies will compete with or will complement wired technologies to provide universal service

• LTE is a candidate technology for public safety broadband wireless service, perhaps in a modified core network form

LTE Specification Managed by - 3rd

Generation Partnership ProgramLTE Specification Managed by - 3rd

Generation Partnership Program

3GPP – GSM-EDGE-UMTS-LTE3GPP2 – CDMA, 1XEVDO

LTE = Long Term EvolutionLTE = Long Term Evolution

Supported BandwidthsSupported Bandwidths• LTE supports various bandwidths to fit in

spectrum allocations in various global regions– 1.25 MHz– 1.6 MHz– 2.5 MHz– 5 MHz– 10MHz– 15 MHz– 20MHz

• LTE supports various bandwidths to fit in spectrum allocations in various global regions– 1.25 MHz– 1.6 MHz– 2.5 MHz– 5 MHz– 10MHz– 15 MHz– 20MHz

Global LTE Frequency BandsGlobal LTE Frequency Bands

3X103X20

2X121X61X221X10 (D)

MHzBlocks

OFDM= Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDM= Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

• Does this sound familiar?– Used in WiMax 802.16 protocol for the

downlink (from the base station) and the uplink (to the base station)

• A variant is used in LTE – OFDMA– Only for the downlink

• Does this sound familiar?– Used in WiMax 802.16 protocol for the

downlink (from the base station) and the uplink (to the base station)

• A variant is used in LTE – OFDMA– Only for the downlink

LTE OFDM Physical Channel Structure and Modulation

LTE OFDM Physical Channel Structure and Modulation

The “comb”represents subcarriers # of bits depends

on modulation type

OFDM vs OFDMAOFDM vs OFDMA

LTE Uplink Uses SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

LTE Uplink Uses SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

• Has similarities to the OFDM• Allows simpler user equipment

transmitters by reducing the need for linearity in power amplifiers

• Conserves battery power• Retains orthogonality for intra-cell

interference control

• Has similarities to the OFDM• Allows simpler user equipment

transmitters by reducing the need for linearity in power amplifiers

• Conserves battery power• Retains orthogonality for intra-cell

interference control

OFDMA and SC-FDMA ComparisonQPSK Modulation Example and M=4 Subcarriers

OFDMA and SC-FDMA ComparisonQPSK Modulation Example and M=4 Subcarriers

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)• Multiple, uncorrelated,

antennas separated by greater than 10λ

• 2X2 configuration might be used to increase data rate for one user, or may increase the capacity of a cell site by permitting separate data streams

• Sophisticated coding used for reconstruction of signals

• Increases performance in multipath areas

• Multiple, uncorrelated, antennas separated by greater than 10λ

• 2X2 configuration might be used to increase data rate for one user, or may increase the capacity of a cell site by permitting separate data streams

• Sophisticated coding used for reconstruction of signals

• Increases performance in multipath areas

From Microwaves and RF Magazine

Network SimplificationNetwork Simplification

SON = Self Organizing NetworkSON = Self Organizing Network• Larger number of base

stations (eNodeB) increases network deployment, optimization and management tasks

• Reduction of tasks while following existing O&M practices was desired by network operators

• Larger number of base stations (eNodeB) increases network deployment, optimization and management tasks

• Reduction of tasks while following existing O&M practices was desired by network operators

• SON automates some processes needed to extend, change, optimize:– New cells– Coverage – Capacity– Cell radius– Frequency allocation– Bandwidth– Neighbor lists, roaming

parameters– Border areas

• May be centralized, distributed or hybrid

• SON automates some processes needed to extend, change, optimize:– New cells– Coverage – Capacity– Cell radius– Frequency allocation– Bandwidth– Neighbor lists, roaming

parameters– Border areas

• May be centralized, distributed or hybrid

LTE Reduces Network Components and Cost Compared to Existing Technology

LTE Reduces Network Components and Cost Compared to Existing Technology

• Supports both FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) and TDD (Time Division Duplexing) to allow use in unpaired bands

• Frame mount radios, tower top radios (40W at ant.), remote radio heads

• Radio network controllers eliminated from architecture – IP connectivity

• Supports both FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) and TDD (Time Division Duplexing) to allow use in unpaired bands

• Frame mount radios, tower top radios (40W at ant.), remote radio heads

• Radio network controllers eliminated from architecture – IP connectivity

eNode B (Base)Courtesy of Motorola

Comparison UMTS vs LTEComparison UMTS vs LTERequirement Current HSxPA 6 LTE E-UTRA

Peak Data Rate 14 Mbps Down5.76 Mbps Up

100 Mbps Down50 Mbps Up

Spectral Efficiency .6 - .8 DL.35 UL

3-4X DL; 2-3X UL improvement

Averaged User Throughput

900 Kbps UL;150 Kbps DL

3-4X DL; 2-3X UL improvement

User Plane Latency 50ms 5 msCall Set Up Time 2 sec 50 msMobility 250 km/h 350 km/hBandwidth 5 MHz Scalable to 20 MHz

LTE Advantages Gigantic Economies of Scale

LTE Advantages Gigantic Economies of Scale

• Market size over a billion units worldwide• Simplified air protocols allows manufacture of

inexpensive subscriber devices that are power efficient

• Lower cost deployment of fixed infrastructure– Elimination of circuit switched components– Direct IP from base station to Mobility Management

Entity– IP networking standardized components– Network core allows gateways to other IP

technologies – earlier generations, trusted and untrusted sources

• Market size over a billion units worldwide• Simplified air protocols allows manufacture of

inexpensive subscriber devices that are power efficient

• Lower cost deployment of fixed infrastructure– Elimination of circuit switched components– Direct IP from base station to Mobility Management

Entity– IP networking standardized components– Network core allows gateways to other IP

technologies – earlier generations, trusted and untrusted sources

Uses for the LTE Throughput Capabilities

Uses for the LTE Throughput Capabilities

• HDTV 720i/H• Interactive Gaming• Video Blogging/Communities/Uploads• Permanent Synch (ex: Photos to home

PC, Outlook, etc.)• Music• And, Voice over IP Calls

• HDTV 720i/H• Interactive Gaming• Video Blogging/Communities/Uploads• Permanent Synch (ex: Photos to home

PC, Outlook, etc.)• Music• And, Voice over IP CallsINCREASES ARPU & # OF SUBSCRIBERS FOR CARRIERS

So Why is All This Important?So Why is All This Important?• Introduction of LTE, a so-called 3.5 Generation

technology (with 4G performance) is the most meaningful step toward Fixed-Mobile Convergence

• Our society, and especially the younger generation, values the always-on personal access (replacing the home phone)

• Whatever media and content is available at home on a wired connection is desired in the mobile environment –the “personalized media experience”

• Intense use of bandwidth straining existing 3G systems• Opens possibilities of advanced applications for public

safety and taking advantage of economies of scale

• Introduction of LTE, a so-called 3.5 Generation technology (with 4G performance) is the most meaningful step toward Fixed-Mobile Convergence

• Our society, and especially the younger generation, values the always-on personal access (replacing the home phone)

• Whatever media and content is available at home on a wired connection is desired in the mobile environment –the “personalized media experience”

• Intense use of bandwidth straining existing 3G systems• Opens possibilities of advanced applications for public

safety and taking advantage of economies of scale

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsRobert LopezMoanley LormejustePalaniappan MuthukaruppanVikas PatelRenato Sunga

mhunter@rcc.com