prev
next
out of 34

LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    1/34

    Human Physiology: LSM 3212An Introduction:

    The application of Human Physiology in exerciseand sports performance

    1

    A/Prof Lim Chin LeongBSc, MSc, MBA, PhD

    Programme Director,Combat Protection and Performance

    DMERI@[email protected]

    Dept of Physiology,NUS NCAPSSC Singapore Institute of Clinical SciencesA*STAR

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    2/34

    Human Physiology

    The study of humanbody functions

    Human Anatomy

    The study of humanstructure and morphology

    2

    FunctionsSystemsOrgansCellsProtein

    formationRNA

    formationDNA

    formation

    The Organization of Human Physiology

    StrengthMuscularNervousSkeletalMetabolic

    MusclesNerves

    GlycolysisM. typeM. FibersM. Fibrils

    MyosinActin

    ExpressionRegulatione.g., ACTN3,IFG-1

    ExpressionRegulatione.g., ACTN3

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    3/34

    Physiological Systems of the Human

    Cardiovascular

    Cardiopulmonary

    Muscularskeletal

    Digestive

    Cognition

    3

    Endocrine

    NervesUrinary

    Immune

    Metabolism

    Thermoregulation

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    4/34

    Physiological Systems of the Human

    Cardiovascular

    Cardiopulmonary

    MuscularSkeletal

    Metabolism

    Digestive

    Cognition

    4

    Endocrine

    NervesUrinary

    Immune

    Thermoregulation

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    5/34

    Physiological Systems of the Human

    Cardiovascular

    Cardiopulmonary

    MuscularSkeletal

    Metabolism

    Digestive

    Cognition

    5

    Endocrine

    Nerves

    Urinary

    Immune

    Thermoregulation

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    6/34

    Extremes of Physiological Systems in Sport

    Cardiovascular

    Cardiopulmonary

    MuscularSkeletal Metabolism

    Digestive

    6

    Endocrine

    Nerves Urinary

    Immune

    Thermoregulation

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    7/34

    HomeostasisThe body will function to preserve its physiological

    equilibrium in order to survive the demands of theenvironment.

    7

    Immediate adaptation e.g., heart rate, body temperature andenergy production.

    Chronic adaptation

    Longer term adaptation e.g., changes in fitness and performancelevels and body composition.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    8/34

    Healthy and at rest

    Physical exertionIllness /

    The Dimensions of Physiological State and Homeostasis

    Non-survival /Chronic injury

    Shift in baseline physiology to

    survive at a new state ofexistence. Key issues: Acute adaptation Chronic adaptation

    8

    Extreme PerformanceOver exertion

    Challengeto regulate

    Limits of regulation

    Dysregulation

    ar a ons n a ap a on Limits of adaptations Mechanisms of adaptation Interpretation of physiology

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    9/34

    Exercise is a Form of Stress

    9

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    10/34

    STRESS :

    Stressor: The source of the stress

    Demands an adaptation from the body

    10

    ustress: e goo stress

    Distress: The bad stress

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    11/34

    THE STRESS CONTINUUM

    EustressImproved fitness

    DistressBurnout

    EXERCISE

    11

    Cope better with daily

    tasks

    Improved self-image &confidence

    Stronger immune system

    Injury

    Substance abuse

    Distorted self-image

    e.g muscle dysmorphia,

    aneroxia nervosa.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    12/34

    STRESS ADAPTATION SYNDROME

    NCE

    PEAK

    12

    PERFORM

    ALARM

    TIME

    ADAPTATION FATIGUE

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    13/34

    Physical Activity / Exercise

    Health

    Driven

    Performance

    Driven

    Purpose / Motivation

    Stress

    Commitment

    Intensity / Pain

    Outcome

    Time span

    Sacrifice

    Health risk

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    14/34

    Health Benefits of Exercise

    14

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    15/34

    Health Benefits of Exercise

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    16/34

    Are fitness and health the same??

    HealthFitness

    Physical Exercise

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    17/34

    Fitness and Health Relationship

    HealthFitness

    Health BenefitsIndividual risks

    Gill and Cooper Sports Med 2008

    Physical Exercise

    Aerobic capacityBody compositionMuscular strengthMuscular enduranceMuscular speed

    FlexibilityAgilityCoordinationEndurance

    ObesityInsulin resistanceGlucose toleranceLipid profileCV health

    Blood pressureBone densitySoft tissueMental health

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    18/34

    The Continuum of Human Performance

    ical

    rmance Negative return

    Neutral return

    Positive return

    Untrained Optimal Maximal Over

    Phy

    Perf

    Training Volume

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    19/34

    Intense Exercise: A Double Edged Sword

    Execution of Training

    Desired outcome Disastrous outcomeUndesired outcome

    19Training Load

    StressTolerance

    Limit of Tolerance+ve Adaptation

    -ve Adaptation

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    20/34

    20

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    21/34

    INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE

    TO TRAINING

    Variations in improvement inVO2 max following 20 weeks

    of endurance training byfamily.

    Average was 18% but the

    21

    range was .

    The range was influenced bygenetics but was influencedvery little by age, sex andrace.

    Adapted from C. Bouchard et al., 1999, Familiaraggregation of VO2 max response to exercisetraining. Results from HERITAGE Family Study,Journal of Applied Physiology 87: 10031008.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    22/34

    Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Systems

    Heart

    Lungs

    Blood vessels

    Arteries: transport oxygenated blood

    : transport blood from the

    heart to the organs/ muscles

    Veins: transport deoxygenated

    blood

    22

    : transport blood from organsto the heart

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    23/34

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    24/34

    CAPACITY OF THE LUNG

    24

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    25/34

    Primary Roles of the Pulmonary System

    during Exercise

    Inhalation of oxygen.

    Oxygen supply

    Diffusion of O2 into the pulmonary vein capillaries.

    25

    CO2 removal

    Diffusion of CO2 from Pulmonary artery capillaries into thealveoli.

    Exhalation of carbon dioxide

    Acid - Base balance.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    26/34

    CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

    26

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    27/34

    FUNCTIONS DURING EXERCISE

    Transportation of oxygen to exercisingmuscles.

    Removal of carbon dioxide and lactatefrom exercising muscles.

    27

    exercising muscle.

    Removal of heat from exercisingmuscle.

    Transportation of heat to skin surface.

    Maintenance of blood flow.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    28/34

    Autonomic Nervous System

    Part of peripheral nervoussystem that coordinates thefunctions of major organs

    Activated mainly by the spinalcord, brain stem andhypothalamus

    Major organs under the control ofthe ANS:

    Heart

    Bronchus

    28

    Comprises of sympathetic andparasympathetic systems

    SNS: Fight or flight system

    PSNS: Promotes functions ofthe resting state.

    Stomach

    Kidney

    Blood vessels

    Intestines

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    29/34

    Key Roles of ANS During Exercise

    Heart rate

    Stroke volume

    Cardiac output

    VO2

    Blood pressure

    29

    Blood distribution

    Thermoregulation

    Sweating

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    30/34

    Unnatural Alteration of Physiology

    for Sports Performance

    30

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    31/34

    Breakdown of the ancient Olympic games some2000 years ago was due to political interferenceand the use of drugs.

    The first reported death from doping occurred in1886 when a cyclist, Arthur Linton, took caffeine.

    History of Doping Cases in Sports

    31

    The first near death in the modern Olympicsoccurred in 1904 when Thomas Hicks, collapsedafter taking a mixture of brandy and strychnine in amarathon.

    Danish cyclist Knut Jensen collapsed and died inthe heat of the Rome Olympics in 1960 after takingronicol tablets and amphetamines in the belief thatthey would increase blood flow through his

    muscles.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    32/34

    In 1986 European Champion shot-putter Heidi Krieger was a long termuser of male hormone injections

    under state run doping programmesin East Germany.

    I was no longer Heidi Krieger. I

    History of Doping Cases in Sports

    32

    n t now anymore w o was

    wasnt able to identify with my bodyanymore, and that led me toundergo a sex change

    Today Krieger is a gruff-voiced 40-year old man called Andreas.

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    33/34

    Ben Johnson (Canada)tested positive for anabolicsteroids at Seoul in 1988.

    1984: LA Olympics, Bronze100 m

    1984: LA Olympics, Bronze,

    History of Doping Cases in Sports

    33

    1987: World Championship,Disqualified, 100m

    1988: Seoul Olympics,

    Disqualified, 100m

  • 8/3/2019 LSM3212_Lecture 1 Introduction

    34/34

    Floyd Landis, winner of the2006 Tour de France winnerFloyd Landis.

    Overcame a normallyinsurmountable 8 min deficitin the final days of the 3-week race.

    History of Doping Cases in Sports

    34

    Tested positive for syntheticsteroids in 17 of his urinesample after his winningrace.

    Spent about US$2 Mil in hisdefence.

    Stripped of his title in 2007


Part 1: Introduction and Roles Overview 1.pdf · Part 1: Introduction and Roles 1-1-1 Section 1: Introduction WHO STEPS Surveillance Section 1: Introduction Overview Introduction

Part 1: Introduction and Roles Overview 1.pdf · Part 1: Introduction and Roles 1-1-1 Section 1: Introduction WHO STEPS Surveillance Section 1: Introduction Overview Introduction

Documents
LSM3212_Lecture 11 Resp3

LSM3212_Lecture 11 Resp3

Documents
Module 1 : Introduction Lecture 1 Introduction - NPTELnptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/pdf/mod1.pdf · Module 1 : Introduction . Lecture 1 Introduction . ... roles in metabolism and

Module 1 : Introduction Lecture 1 Introduction - NPTELnptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/pdf/mod1.pdf · Module 1 : Introduction . Lecture 1 Introduction . ... roles in metabolism and

Documents
LSM3212_Lecture 2-4 Blood

LSM3212_Lecture 2-4 Blood

Documents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION 1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION 1. INTRODUCTION

Documents
LSM3212_Lecture 10 Resp2

LSM3212_Lecture 10 Resp2

Documents
Chapterl Introduction - 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapterl Introduction - 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Documents
LSM3212_Lecture 12 Ans-cvs

LSM3212_Lecture 12 Ans-cvs

Documents
Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Our goal

Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Our goal

Documents
Chapter 1Chapter 1 Introduction: Introduction

Chapter 1Chapter 1 Introduction: Introduction

Documents
CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction · Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1 CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction The

CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction · Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1 CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction The

Documents
1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION - Deusto

1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION - Deusto

Documents
Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Our goal ... · Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction ... 1.6 Delay & loss in packet- switched networks ... connection-oriented service

Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Our goal ... · Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction ... 1.6 Delay & loss in packet- switched networks ... connection-oriented service

Documents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Introduction

Documents
Introduction 1-1 1DT066 Distributed Information Systems Chapter 1 Introduction

Introduction 1-1 1DT066 Distributed Information Systems Chapter 1 Introduction

Documents
Section 1 Introduction to Spanish Introduction Section 1

Section 1 Introduction to Spanish Introduction Section 1

Documents
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION - Information and Library ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../2/chapter1-introduction.pdfCHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Introduction 2012 Ph. D. Thesis Page 1 1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION - Information and Library ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../2/chapter1-introduction.pdfCHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Introduction 2012 Ph. D. Thesis Page 1 1. INTRODUCTION

Documents
Introduction to.Net / Chapter 1 / 1 of30 Introduction to.NET

Introduction to.Net / Chapter 1 / 1 of30 Introduction to.NET

Documents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction

Documents
Chapter 1 Introduction€¦ · Chapter 1 Introduction ... 1 2

Chapter 1 Introduction€¦ · Chapter 1 Introduction ... 1 2

Documents
Class 1 Introduction 1 Introduction

Class 1 Introduction 1 Introduction

Documents
Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction

Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction

Documents
Introduction Chapitre 1 · Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction Chapitre 1 · Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Documents
Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction Dr Ahmad A-Zubi

Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction Dr Ahmad A-Zubi

Documents
§1.1.1 INTRODUCTION: 1. INTRODUCTION

§1.1.1 INTRODUCTION: 1. INTRODUCTION

Documents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction

Documents
1. Introduction 10 - therackonline.com€¦ · 1. Introduction 10 - therackonline.com ... Introduction)

1. Introduction 10 - therackonline.com€¦ · 1. Introduction 10 - therackonline.com ... Introduction)

Documents
Introduction 1. Introduction

Introduction 1. Introduction

Documents
1 Introduction to Social Analysis Week 1 Introduction

1 Introduction to Social Analysis Week 1 Introduction

Documents
€¦  · Web viewContents. Contents. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 3. Specific components. 3. Specific components. 3. Specific components

€¦  · Web viewContents. Contents. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. 3. Specific components. 3. Specific components. 3. Specific components

Documents