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Section 1

Audio script:

Joyce: Excuse me can you tell me the route to the railway station, please.

Stranger: yes, madam. Please take the road to the north from here. After a few yards you will see a

church. There is a four point junction. Take right from there.

J: ok.

S: walk a few more yards when you see the post office. Take left from there. Right after a couple of 

minutes walk, you will find the local bank. Walk straight until you see the women’s college.

J: ok.

S: Take right from there. Walk for another two minutes until you see the boys’ school. Take no turn

there. Walk straight to reach the railway station. The station will be another couple of minutes’ walkfrom there.

J: it seems a long distance.

S: yes, madam.

J: can I get a bus from here for the station, now?

S: yes a bus goes to the station from here. But the next bus will come after a half an hour. It is number 6.

J: can I get a taxi to reach the station?

S: today is an off for the taxis as they are on a strike today. You have to either walk the way over or wait

for the bus to come.

J: thank you.

S: you’re welcome. 

Supply the blanks with the correct information.

A.  The lady wants to _____1_____.

B.  She does not _____2_____.

C.  On the way she will first come across _____3____. She will turn _____4_____ there.

D.  The next landmark is _____5_____. She needs to turn _____6____ there.

E.  She will see the school after the _____7_____.

F.  The bus will come after _____8_____. She cannot have a taxi as the taxis are _____9_____.

G.  She needs to ____10_____ the distance.

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Section 2

Audio script:

A day after President Barack Obama publicly endorsed India's claim to a permanent seat on the U.N.

Security Council, State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley poured cold water on any expectation of 

New Delhi's elevation anytime soon. "It is inconceivable that you could contemplate U.N. Security

Council reform without considering a country like India," Crowley said Tuesday. "But we have to

recognize ... this is a process that has been going on for some time, and it is a process through which we

must consult with others within the U.N. and within the Security Council." In other words, India, don't

hold your breath.

The five permanent members, or P5, of the Security Council — the U.S., Russia, China, Britain and France

— not only get to stay on when the other 10 members are rotated out every two years for replacements

elected from their region, they hold the coveted veto power that allows them to nix any decisions on

questions of war, peace and security that are not to their liking. That veto power has certainly helped

sustain the illusion of superpower relevance for Britain and France, which have long since fallen by the

wayside by measure of military strength — indeed, they had better hope nobody noticed their

agreement last week to pool much of their defense capability, lest it be suggested that their two

permanent Security Council seats be consolidated into one. It has also proven useful to a country like

Israel, on whose behalf the U.S. has regularly intervened to block critical U.N. resolutions. Given the

power that attaches to a permanent seat on the Security Council, then, it's not hard to see why some of 

the incumbents are not exactly enthusiastic about sharing their status with anyone but their closest

allies.

The P5 attained their status at the U.N.'s creation a half-century ago, on the basis of having been

ostensibly the five key nations allied against the Axis powers in World War II. But Britain and Francewere drastically diminished colonial powers holding desperately to the last remnants of empire in Africa

and Asia. Still, within two decades, each of the permanent five had all burnished their veto power in the

real world by building nuclear weapons, becoming the original nuclear club years before India, Pakistan,

Israel and North Korea followed suit.

It's plain to see, though, that the makeup of the permanent five no longer accurately reflects the global

balance of power, and the 21st century distribution of responsibility for keeping the peace — which,

after all, is the primary function of the U.N. Countries such as India, Brazil and Turkey are emerging as

major economic powerhouses with the capacity to play a far larger strategic role in their regions than

some of those currently in the P5, while Germany and Japan have long claimed the same status. It hasalso long been suggested that one of Africa's more powerful countries, such as Nigeria or South Africa,

will do the same on the mother continent. So talk of enlarging the P5 has been around for years.

President Obama's nomination of India underscores precisely why Security Council reform may be years

away. Washington is making no secret of the fact that it is promoting a greater strategic role for India, a

democratic ally, in response to China's growing regional ambitions. China may beg to differ — it is the

only permanent member that has not publicly backed India's claim — and it will certainly be encouraged

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to do so by its long-standing ally, Pakistan, which cites what it says are India's continued violations of 

U.N. Security Council resolutions over Kashmir as grounds for exclusion.

Listen to the passage carefully and fill in with the missing data.

A.  A day after President _____11_____ publicly endorsed India's claim to a _____12_____ on the

U.N. _____13_____, State Department spokesman P.J. _____15_____ poured cold water on any

expectation of New Delhi's elevation anytime soon. "It is ____-16____ that you could

contemplate U.N. _____17_____ reform without considering a country like India," Crowley said

 _____18_____. "But we have to recognize ... this is a process that has been going on for some

time, and it is a process through which we must consult with others within the U.N. and within

the Security Council." In other words, India, don't hold your breath.

B.  China may beg to differ — it is the only _____19_____ that has not publicly backed India's claim

— and it will certainly be encouraged to do so by its long-standing ally, _____20_____, which

cites what it says are India's continued violations of U.N. Security Council resolutions over

Kashmir as grounds for exclusion.

Section 3

Audio script:

Later this month, heads of state and diplomats from 11 countries will meet in St. Petersburg, Russia for a

"tiger summit" to discuss how to stop tigers from going extinct. It's the first time heads of state have

gathered for a meeting about a single species. But to many conservationists, the meeting shouldn't have

been needed at all. A decade ago, tigers seemed to have bounced back from the brink of extinction. But

thanks to continuing illegal poaching, there are now just 3,200 tigers left in the wild; that's down from

over 100,000 a century ago.

As part of the run-up to the summit, wildlife trade monitoring network TRAFFIC released a report today

detailing how more than 1,000 parts of tigers killed by poachers across Asia have been seized over the

past decade. The tiger parts — including skins, bones, skulls and penises — were seized in India, China

and Nepal and were destined for use in traditional Chinese medicines, decorations and even good luck

charms, the report says.

The trade of wild tiger parts is illegal under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered

Species. Earlier this year, the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies explicitly stated that tigerparts were not necessary for traditional medicine. Tiger farms have sprung up to meet some of the

demand. But a black market continues to thrive thanks to the widespread belief that medicines from

wild tigers are more potent than those from farmed animals. Conservationists were optimistic about

tigers a decade ago for two reasons. The species are hardy--if allowed to breed, they do so quite

successfully. What's more, the main tiger countries all laid out refuges for the animals in their borders.

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But tigers are restless, wandering beasts; the refuges were necessarily large, and policing them has

proved very difficult. According to the TRAFFIC report, many seizures take place within 30 miles of 

protected tiger areas like the Western Ghats in India, the Sundarbans of Bangladesh and Nepal's terai

region.

"Clearly enforcement efforts to date are either ineffective or an insufficient deterrent," the reportquoted Mike Baltzer, a tiger expert with The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), as saying. The report

recommends both tightening enforcement and curbing demand for tiger parts. But others have more

revolutionary ideas. A recent study in the journal PLoS Biology suggested that protection be

concentrated to the 42 "source" sites in India, Sumatra and Russia that contain 70% of the world's

remaining wild tigers. These sites are relatively small--roughly 6% of the tiger's distribution—and

therefore policing could be much more tightly enforced.

Some parts in the statements are missing. Complete them as you hear the passage.

A.  Later this month, heads of state and diplomats from 11 countries will meet in St. Petersburg,

Russia for a "tiger summit" to discuss how to _____21_____.

B.  Clearly enforcement efforts to date are either ineffective or _____22_____.

C.  But tigers are restless, _____23_____.

D.  The trade of _____24____ is illegal under the UN Convention on International Trade in

 _____25_____.

E.  The tiger parts — including skins, bones, skulls and penises — were seized in India,

 _____26_____.

F.  The report recommends both _____27_____ and curbing demand for tiger parts.

G.  A decade ago, tigers seemed to have bounced back from the _____28_____.

H.  Mike Baltzer is a _____29_____ with The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

I.  The World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies explicitly stated that tiger parts were not

necessary for _____30_____.

Section 4

Audio script:

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, 

widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some

collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other

poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often

than those of any other playwright.

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, 

with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he

began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the

Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around

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1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has

been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious

beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others. 

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly

comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16thcentury. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet , King Lear , and Macbeth, 

considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, 

also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623,

two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works

that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.

Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its

present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius,

and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called

"bardolatry". In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new

movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly

studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.

Complete the summary by filling in the gaps with correct information from the passage you hear.

  William Shakespeare (baptised _____31_____; died 23 April ____32_____) was an English poet

and _____33_____, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the

world's pre-eminent dramatist.

  His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about _____34_____ plays,

 ____35_____ sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems.

  His plays have been translated into every _____36_____ language and are performed more

often than those of any other playwright.

  Few records of Shakespeare's _____37_____ survive, and there has been considerable

speculation about such matters as his _____38_____, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether

the works attributed to him were written by others.

  In 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the _____39_____, a collected edition

of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.

  The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped

Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "_____40_____".