LPI Presentation

Welcome to . . .Welcome to . . .

Lightning ProtectionLightning Protection

An Essential Risk An Essential Risk Management ElementManagement Element

Statistical Data on Statistical Data on Insurance ClaimsInsurance Claims

Burglary29%

Flood5%Fire

6%Lightning21%

Storm1%

Others14%

Misoperation24%

Source: NLSI, USA

World Thunderstorm DaysWorld Thunderstorm Days

Indonesia ~ 160 Thunderstorm Days

Two instruments were Two instruments were used to gather data for used to gather data for the aerial map. The the aerial map. The Optical Transient Optical Transient detector was launched detector was launched aboard NASA's Microlab aboard NASA's Microlab satellite in 1995 and the satellite in 1995 and the Lightning Imaging Lightning Imaging Sensor is fitted to a joint Sensor is fitted to a joint NASA-Japan satellite NASA-Japan satellite launched in 1997 to launched in 1997 to measure tropical rainfall measure tropical rainfall levels.levels.

The sensors gathered lightning The sensors gathered lightning data over periods of five and data over periods of five and three years respectively.three years respectively.

US National Space & Science US National Space & Science Technology CentreTechnology Centre

Lightning StrikesLightning Strikes



Typical formation of Typical formation of Lightning - Step 1Lightning - Step 1

•Negative electrical charges build up within clouds

•Electric field intensification

•Positive charges gather on ground

•Air breakdown leads to stepped leader


•Continuation of downward step leader

• Further electric field intensification

•Strong upward positive streamer generation

•Streamer racing towards downward step leader


• Positive upward Positive upward streamer meets the streamer meets the downward step leaderdownward step leader

• Conducting path formsConducting path forms• Potential is equalised Potential is equalised

by the "return stroke"by the "return stroke"• Visible lightning flashVisible lightning flash

Lightning Lightning StrikeStrike

National Geographic July 1993

StreamersStreamers

Step LeadersStep Leaders

Main DischargeMain Discharge

Typical50 kA

LONG TAIL=> flow

HIGH ENERGY

HIGH VOLTAGEdi & dvdt dt

VERY FASTRISE TIME

=> fhigh

Typical characteristics of Typical characteristics of Lightning PulseLightning Pulse

Typical Lightning StrikeTypical Lightning Strike

Instantaneous Power

Over one Megawatt

Total Energy Over 250 Kilojoules Sound Pressure 90 Atmospheres at 500m away Temperature 30,000°K+ (5 times Sun

Surface) Rise Time 0.1 to 5 Microseconds Average Current 35 kA Duration 300 Microseconds + Repeats Channel Length 5 km

How Transients enter your How Transients enter your EquipmentEquipment

Capacitive coupling is where the transient voltage is coupled due to the inherent capacitance between two circuits

Magnetic coupling occurs when magnetic field of a current carrying conductor induces lightning current on to an adjacent conductor

Galvanic coupling is a direct electrical connection

Direct Lightning DamageDirect Lightning Damage

Direct Lightning DamageDirect Lightning Damage

Transient DamageTransient Damage

Transient DamageTransient Damage

LPI’s 4 Step ApproachLPI’s 4 Step Approach

Risk Assessment

• Many standards have essential risk assessment methods

• AS1768• IEC61024• NF C 17-102

LPI Step 1LPI Step 1

Definition and Provision of Area Definition and Provision of Area ProtectionProtection

CONE OF PROTECTIONROLLING SPHERE

Conventional MethodsConventional Methods

Electrical Field ModellingElectrical Field Modelling

Originally developed by AJ Originally developed by AJ ErickssonErickssonLPI CAD software forms LPI CAD software forms three dimensional three dimensional representation of the representation of the structure to be protected structure to be protected and the air terminals to and the air terminals to be used. be used. Based on this Based on this representation the representation the software determines if software determines if protection is achieved to protection is achieved to the required level of riskthe required level of risk..

Striking distance is Striking distance is influenced by geometry influenced by geometry and dimensions such as and dimensions such as height, width, radius and height, width, radius and altitude all have effect.altitude all have effect.Corners and edges cause Corners and edges cause an up-leader to be an up-leader to be launched when the down-launched when the down-leader is at a greater leader is at a greater distance than flat distance than flat surfaces. surfaces. This striking distance is This striking distance is calculated for all calculated for all directions from the directions from the terminal and from the terminal and from the structure resulting in two structure resulting in two surfaces. surfaces.

Build ing StrikingDista nc e Surfa c e

Te rm ina l StrikingDista nc e Surfa c e

Electric Field ModellingElectric Field Modelling

Electric Field ModellingElectric Field Modelling

The software determines if coverage is successfully achieved based on the relative distances between the surfaces and typical leader velocities based on the site & location conditions

Do wn-Le a d e r

Te rm ina l StrikingDista nc e Surfa c e

Build ing StrikingDista nc e Surfa c e

x

y

z

LPI GuardianTerminalsLPI GuardianTerminals

LPI Guardian TerminalsLPI Guardian Terminals



•Finial with blunt tip

•A triggering procedure

•Electrically “floating” medium consisting of 4 electrically isolated panels

•High voltage connection at the base

CAT Air TerminalCAT Air Terminal

•Re-acts to Atmospheric Changes•Corona Reducing Terminal•Controlled Streamer Emission

Due to the geometric shape and Controlled Advanced Triggering procedure, the LPI Guardian reliably ensures a timely launch of an upward leader, into an electric field conducive to continual propagation

Lab Tests of CAT TerminalsLab Tests of CAT Terminals

All critical components of LPI Guardian System 5 All critical components of LPI Guardian System 5 has under gone independent Tests carried out in has under gone independent Tests carried out in accordance with IEC 60-1 standards.accordance with IEC 60-1 standards.

IEC Test CertificateIEC Test Certificate

Test Certificate issued by The University of Tasmania, Australia

Central Plaza - Hong KongCentral Plaza - Hong Kong

Height of building: 370m - 78 storeysLightning Protection Terminal: LPI Guardian CAT IIIYear of Installation: 2006

LPI HVSC DownconductorLPI HVSC Downconductor

CLZ0

LPI HVSCLPI HVSC

Characteristics of HVSCCharacteristics of HVSC

Concentric conductor- Nominal cross-section - No. / diameter of wire Cable diameter Electrical Characteristics - DC. Resistance of conductor - DC. Resistance of screen - Insulation resistance

Description

50 mm²34 / 1.38 mm

37 mm

0.387 Ω/km0.448 Ω/km

1,890 MΩ-km

Technical Data

Benefits of HVSCBenefits of HVSC

•Reduced risk of side flashing•Selection of route to ground•Single Earth System•Bonding of building not required•Most of energy contained in core•Relatively easy to retrofit•Reduced induction to nearby

electronic equipment


Creation of a Bonded Earthing Creation of a Bonded Earthing SystemSystem

•By CODE Required•Personnel Safety ( Touch and step potential)

•Equipment Protection (Operate over current device during a ground fault 50/60Hz event)

•Lightning Dissipation (5kHz - 50kHz)•Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)•Noise Control (Computer Grounding)

Why Grounding?Why Grounding?

Objective of Lightning Objective of Lightning Protection EarthProtection Earth

To dissipate the To dissipate the lightning energy with lightning energy with minimum voltage rise minimum voltage rise that may affect people that may affect people

or equipmentor equipment

Earth Potential RiseEarth Potential Rise

Consider only REarth potential rise:

V = I x R = 50 000 x

10= 500 kV

EarthingEarthing

SHUNT CONDUCTANCE Gis related to soil conductivity pand contact resistance

CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE

Z0 = R+jwLG+jwC

We want: Z low = R low, L low, C high

Lightning Frequency: 5 – 50KHz

Lightning Strike to GroundLightning Strike to Ground

Types of Lightning EarthTypes of Lightning Earth

Earthing SystemEarthing System

Optimum spacingOptimum spacingL > 2 x DL > 2 x D

Combination ofCombination ofhorizontal strip horizontal strip

andandvertical rodsvertical rods - Linea- Linea - Radial- Radial

LPI GRIP™ with Radius LPI GRIP™ with Radius ConductorsConductors

LPI GRIP™ with Earth RodsLPI GRIP™ with Earth Rods

Exothermic WeldingExothermic Welding

Why LPI ExoweldWhy LPI Exoweld®® Welding?Welding?

• Permanent bonding and eliminates Permanent bonding and eliminates jointsjoints

• Bonding at over 2,000 ºCBonding at over 2,000 ºC• Any type of connection is possibleAny type of connection is possible• No corrosion and bonding of different No corrosion and bonding of different

metals are possiblemetals are possible• Easy, fast and safe to useEasy, fast and safe to use• Cost effective solutionCost effective solution


Protection of Power LinesProtection of Power Lines

Consequences of Consequences of Unprotected SystemUnprotected System

Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards Operational IssuesOperational Issues

•Unsafe for staff•Equipment damage•Fire

•System downtime

•Loss of data•Data corruption

Result = Loss of RevenueResult = Loss of Revenue

Types of Power ProblemsTypes of Power Problems

• Surges and transients over voltages• Temporary over and under voltages• Brown-outs / black-outs• Frequency variations

LPI offers solutions to ALL above problems

Types of Power Line Types of Power Line ProtectionProtection

SHUNTSHUNTPROTECTIONPROTECTION

Also known asAlso known as PARALLEL PROTECTIONPARALLEL PROTECTION

SERIESSERIESPROTECTIONPROTECTION

Also known as Also known as SURGE FILTERSURGE FILTER

LPI Shunt ProtectionLPI Shunt Protection

• High let-through voltageHigh let-through voltage• Wavefront unaltered Wavefront unaltered

(very sharp and large)(very sharp and large)• Energy diversion onlyEnergy diversion only• Point of entry protectionPoint of entry protection• Ideal for robust Ideal for robust

equipment (Air-con, equipment (Air-con, pumps, motors etc)pumps, motors etc)

• Not based on load Not based on load currentcurrent

LPI Shunt ProductsLPI Shunt Products

LPI Series ProtectionLPI Series Protection

• Low let-through voltageLow let-through voltage• Wavefront slowed (low)Wavefront slowed (low)• Energy diverted and filteredEnergy diverted and filtered• Poor power conditionsPoor power conditions• Based on load currentBased on load current• Vital for sensitive electronicsVital for sensitive electronics• Fine protectionFine protection• Common & differential modeCommon & differential mode

LPI Series FilterLPI Series Filter

Applied Pulse 6kV 1.2/50Applied Pulse 6kV 1.2/50µs, 3kA µs, 3kA 8/20µs8/20µs

LPI Series FilterLPI Series Filter

Typical 3Ph Filter Circuit LPI 3Ph Filter

LPI Also OffersLPI Also Offers

•Over and Under Voltage DisconnectOver and Under Voltage Disconnect•Voltage RegulatorsVoltage Regulators•Voltage Stabilizers (Servo Controlled)Voltage Stabilizers (Servo Controlled)•UPS through reputed manufacturesUPS through reputed manufactures•RectifiersRectifiers•Sealed Maintenance BatteriesSealed Maintenance Batteries


Protection of Signal, Data, RF and Protection of Signal, Data, RF and Communications LinesCommunications Lines

LPI Signal, Data LPI Signal, Data Comms & RFComms & RF

•Data Line Protection for LAN, WAN, Serial Port & RJ45

•Signal Line Protection (6v up to 150vdc)– Levels, Pressure etc typical 4-20mA

•Comms – Analogue, ISDN & ADSL

LPI Signal, Data & CommsLPI Signal, Data & Comms

LPI InstallationsLPI Installations



Thank You for Your AttentionThank You for Your Attention

For any further details, kindly contact your local LPI For any further details, kindly contact your local LPI authorized distributor or LPI Australia:authorized distributor or LPI Australia:

Paul HollingsworthPaul HollingsworthCEO Lightning Protection International Pty LtdLightning Protection International Pty Ltd16 Mertonvale Circuit,16 Mertonvale Circuit,Kingston, Tasmania 7050, AustraliaKingston, Tasmania 7050, AustraliaPhone: +61 3 6227 1944Phone: +61 3 6227 1944Fax: +61 3 6229 1900Fax: +61 3 6229 1900Email: Email: [email protected] Web: Web: www.lpi.com.au

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lpi.com.au/

Documents

LPI Presentation