Loyalty Program and the HUAC

By Katy Robinson and Erica King

The Federal Loyalty Program

•Created by President Truman in 1947, and ran until 1975

•The goal was to find possible rebels or communists in the US government

Justice Department was made to create a list of these people who might overthrow the government, or subversives in 1948

•Loyalty Oaths were required to have a government job

•Government had to produce lists of rebel groups in the United States

•Over 3,000,000 employees were targeted

•“Security Risks”-mainly alcoholics and homosexuals, were being discharged because they were more likely to get blackmail.

HUAC•The House Committee on Un-American Activities

•Targeted more towards American citizens

•Often used celebrities to support the government when accusing people of perjury

•J. Edgar Hoover- Leader of FBI, which was allowed to carry guns and act against violent crimes

•Congress used the information gathered from hearings on film and entertainment industries to make an effective legislation against perjury

•No legislation was ever formed, so it was assumed that it was a plan for only exploiting communists

•The hearings negatively effected liberals, and businesses who did not officially disassociate themselves with communism

•Liberals who cooperated had to publicly apologize for their poor politicking

•These people were publicly humiliated

Alger Hiss• Alger Hiss was

accused of being an underground communist who promoted communist activities

• Whittaker Chambers, an ex-communist, accused Hiss, ex-Department Official, of Russian espionage

• 2 trials, 2 accounts of perjury

•Evidence included Hiss’ typewriter, which was linked to communist documents, known as…

•Pumpkin Papers- papers produced by Chambers to convict him

•Hiss fought perjury accusations until death in 1996 of emphysema

Edward Condon•Became director of National Bureau of Standards in 1948

•HUAC investigated, and determined that he and his wife were Russian espionage agents

•He and his wife had affiliations with many Russian satellite embassies, but were never tried. He remained in office until 1951.

Works Cited http://comptalk.fiu.edu/huac.htmhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Mugs%2814%29.jpghttp://library.thinkquest.org/17126/chapter/22.htmlhttp://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/USPics/24764.jpg http://www.bing.com/images/search?

q=huac&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict#focal=22c9b75408569e14f83842f2f5dcda4b&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forgottenstars.com%2Fimages%2Fhuac.jpg

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=huac&form=QBIL&qs=n&sk=&adlt=strict#focal=0faac10d896416153143194155dd4784&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estuarypress.com%2Fimages%2FLA-Ban-HUAC-62A.jpg

http://www.nndb.com/people/476/0001 64981/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/exhibits/crow/condon.jpghttp://moderntimes.com/blacklist/image/hua c.jpg