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HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Mats Blomqvist TM (SE), Samuli Korpinen TM (FI), Nick Kovaltchouk TM (RU), Georg Martin TM (EE), Kaire Torn
(EE), Karin Fürhaupter TML (DE)
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Scientific background • nutrient enrichment enhances phytoplankton and ephemeral algae
growth reducing light availability at the bottom • reduction of light availability is documented for various marine
regions and identified as main cause of the decline in the vertical distribution of characteristic vegetation communities
• macrophyte species differ in light requirements = in their sensitivity to light reduction (differences between hard and soft bottom macrophytes) but also other pressures are relevant
• vegetation communities and their characteristic species vary in terms of substrate conditions (soft bottom/hard bottom) and along the salinity gradient set of macrophyte species in focus need to be sensitive to light reduction, widely distributed within the Baltic Sea
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Stage of development Indicator type
Pre-core State
Primary importance Secondary importance
BSAP
Segment and Objective
Thriving and balanced communities of
plants and animals
none stated
MSFD
Descriptors and Criteria
1.6. Habitat condition (1.6.1 Condition of
typical species/communities)
1.4 Habitat distribution (1.4.1 Distributional
pattern)
1.5 Habitat extent (area, only a proxy)
4.3 Abundance/distribution of key trophic
groups and species (habitat defining species)
6.1 Substrate characteristics (6.1.1 Biogenic
substrate)
Other relevant legislation: (e.g. WFD) Ecological status indicator/metric in five HELCOM countries
Legislative linkage:
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Concept/ design
Coordinated monitoring Assessment
Research needs for operationalization (in
relation to needs stated under the
coordinated monitoring and
assessment columns)
Data arrangements
Monitoring strategy (method, frequency, spatial resolution) in relation to relevant indicator parameters
Technical guidelines Geographic scale
Assessment method
GES / assessment criteria (currently all GES are provisional)
A ) in place B) under development C ) not available, what needs - action level?
A ) monitoring in place B ) monitoring needs revision C ) monitoring not available, what needs - action level?
A ) in place B ) needs revision, what needs doing C ) not available, what needs - action level?
HELCOM assessment units: A ) identified B) Identified not described C) not identified, what needs - action level?
A ) available and described B ) available not described C ) not available, what needs - action level?
A ) proposed and described B ) proposed but needs more supporting data C ) not available, what needs - action level?
A ) in place B ) needs revision, what needs doing C ) not available, what needs - action level?
A A – for some species and countries
B – quality assurance is needed – TM, MONAS
B (A) – identified but not clear if applicable to all units
A – if identical to WFD assessment
A – for some species in some units
Depth limit data in certain assessment units, background data (nutrients), modelling of historical depth limits by nutrient or other pressure proxies
C – data submission arrangements to be incorporated into the indicator TM, HELCOM
B – for some species and countries
B – for some species in some units
C – for some species in some countries, financial issues, CP
C – for some species in some units – TM, CP
B –
(action level = who needs to complete the task)
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
GES
species and water type specific reference GES as deviation of the reference
Problems
• nationally depth limits as WFD metric GES at the moment identical to the good/moderate boundary (approach may differ between countries, only two country intercalibration)
• are there species and type specific references for all assessment units (WFD experience: NO)
• can we adopt references to certain units by using nutrient data or other pressure data as proxy?
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
• HELCOM Assessment Unit Level: 4 (water types and bodies)
• The indicator is applicable in: all coastal areas around the Baltic Sea, but sufficient natural depth range of soft and hard substrate and macrophyte stands is needed
• Currently data is available : species and unit specific for DE, DK, EE, LT, LV, FI, SE, (RU) (but no HELCOM data base)
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
List of issues that still need
to be solved for the
indicator
Describe what is hindering solving the issue
Pressure-relationship Does the end value need to have a significant pressure-relationship or is it sufficient to
prove that for some species or groups
Identifying assessment units, where
the indicator is not applicable
Data on distribution and usable monitoring areas (sufficient natural depth range of
substrate) for different species (especially for countries not regularly part of the group).
Combination rule for different species species sensitivity to light reduction, siltation enough data to develop a combination
rule based on that topic
GES value some countries with operational depth limits (good/moderate boundary), some countries
are developing boundaries, some countries change “fixed” boundaries what happens if
national GES differs from HELCOM GES?
Quality assurance Monitoring methods are similar between countries but slight changes can cause relevant
variations in the depth limit value (water level corrections, cover degree as depth limit,
towed or drop down video, diver experience and training)
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Spermatophyte depth limit (species independent) – high pressure gradient
Eelgrass depth limit – lower pressure gradient
Seegrastiefe [m] = 5,3308-0,0617*x; 0,95 Konf.Int.
AUS06
AUS09
BUE06
FAL08
FAL11
ALT07
KAR06KAR07
KAR08
KAR11
LAN07
NOE07
SUR07
WAL06
WAL08
WAL09WAL11
BUR06
BUR09
BUR11
SSE07
SSE08SSE09SSE11
GEL06
GEL08GEL11
GRO06
GRO08
GRO09
GRO11
HAF06
HAF08HAF09
HAF11BEH09
BEH11
LAB06
GLO06
GLO08GLO09
THI06
THI07THI08THI09
THI10
ZIN06
ZIN09
KLU06
KLU08
HW-1_04SH-1_04HV-1_05
KB-2_05
SH-1_05
ST-1_05ST-2_05ST-4_05VI-1_05WB-1_05
EGG-1_07
KB-2_07ST-1_07
VI-1_07
ZIC-1_07
DW-1_08
EGG-1_08
GST-1_08
KB-1_08ST-1_08
VI-1_08
WAF-1_08
ZIC-1_08
DW-1_09
EGG-1_09
KB-1_09PAR-1_09RAS-1_09
ST-1_09
VI-1_09
WB-1_09
ZIC-1_09
BRE-1_10
DW-1_10
EGG-1_10
HW-1_10
KB-1_10VI-1_10
ZIC-1_10
EGG-1_11
KB-1_11
RAS-1_11
WB-1_11
BRE-1_12
DW-1_12
EGG-1_12
EGG-2_12
HW-1_12
PRO-1_12
VI-1_12
WRE-1_12
FL-2_05
HEI-1_06
HEI-1_08SCH-9_08
HEI-1_09
HEI-1_10
HEI-1_11
PÖW-1_11
HEI-1_12
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
TN [µmol-l]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Se
eg
rastie
fe [m
]
AUS06
AUS09
BUE06
FAL08
FAL11
ALT07
KAR06KAR07
KAR08
KAR11
LAN07
NOE07
SUR07
WAL06
WAL08
WAL09WAL11
BUR06
BUR09
BUR11
SSE07
SSE08SSE09SSE11
GEL06
GEL08GEL11
GRO06
GRO08
GRO09
GRO11
HAF06
HAF08HAF09
HAF11BEH09
BEH11
LAB06
GLO06
GLO08GLO09
THI06
THI07THI08THI09
THI10
ZIN06
ZIN09
KLU06
KLU08
HW-1_04SH-1_04HV-1_05
KB-2_05
SH-1_05
ST-1_05ST-2_05ST-4_05VI-1_05WB-1_05
EGG-1_07
KB-2_07ST-1_07
VI-1_07
ZIC-1_07
DW-1_08
EGG-1_08
GST-1_08
KB-1_08ST-1_08
VI-1_08
WAF-1_08
ZIC-1_08
DW-1_09
EGG-1_09
KB-1_09PAR-1_09RAS-1_09
ST-1_09
VI-1_09
WB-1_09
ZIC-1_09
BRE-1_10
DW-1_10
EGG-1_10
HW-1_10
KB-1_10VI-1_10
ZIC-1_10
EGG-1_11
KB-1_11
RAS-1_11
WB-1_11
BRE-1_12
DW-1_12
EGG-1_12
EGG-2_12
HW-1_12
PRO-1_12
VI-1_12
WRE-1_12
FL-2_05
HEI-1_06
HEI-1_08SCH-9_08
HEI-1_09
HEI-1_10
HEI-1_11
PÖW-1_11
HEI-1_12
r = -0,771145; p = 0,000000; r2 = 0,594665
depth limit [m] = 4,7203-0,0303*x; 0,95 Konf.Int.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
TN [µmol-l]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
de
pth
lim
it [m
]
r = -0.807855; p = 0.0000; r2 = 0.652630
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HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Charophyte depth limit (Chara baltica, Chara aspera) – shading
Fucus depth limit – lower pressure gradient
Fucustiefe [m] = 5,9218-0,2199*x; 0,95 Konf.Int.
AUS06BUE06BUE08
BUE11
BOO06
BOO07
BOO08BOO09
BOO11
WAL06
WAL09
WAL11
STR08
STR09
STR11WIN07
WIN08
WIN09
WIN11
NIE06
NIE08NIE11
NIE06
NIE08NIE11
GRO06 GRO08GRO09GRO11
NST11
BEH07
BEH09BEH11
HOH06EIT06
EIT07
EIT08
EIT09EIT11
BIN06BIN08 BIN09 GOE06GOE08GOE09HID06 HID08HID09MES06 MES09
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
TN [µmol-l]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fu
cu
stie
fe [m
] AUS06BUE06BUE08
BUE11
BOO06
BOO07
BOO08BOO09
BOO11
WAL06
WAL09
WAL11
STR08
STR09
STR11WIN07
WIN08
WIN09
WIN11
NIE06
NIE08NIE11
NIE06
NIE08NIE11
GRO06 GRO08GRO09GRO11
NST11
BEH07
BEH09BEH11
HOH06EIT06
EIT07
EIT08
EIT09EIT11
BIN06BIN08 BIN09 GOE06GOE08GOE09HID06 HID08HID09MES06 MES09
r = -0,430809; p = 0,001789; r2 = 0,185596
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EQR_Ch neu = 0,2048-0,0014*x; 0,95 Konf.Int.
SSE_07SSE_08SSE_09SSE_11 AW-1_07AW-1_08
BA-2_10BA-2_11
BA-2_12BAW-1_12
BRE-1_10BRE-1_12
DAS-1_07DAS-2_12 DAS-2_07DAS-2_08DAS-2_09DAS-2_11DAS-3_07
DW-1_09DW-1_10DW-1_12
DW-1_08
EGG-1_07EGG-1_08
EGG-1_11
FL-2_05G-1_04
GR-1_05GRA-1_07GRA-1_08GRA-1_06GRA-1_10
GRA-1_11
GST-1_08HEI-1_09HEI-1_10HEI-1_12HEI-1_08HEI-1_11
HV-1_05HW-1_12
HW-1_04
HW-1_10
JB-1_09
JB-1_11
JB-1_04
JB-7_04
JB-7_10JB-7_11
JB-7_08JB-7_09
JB-7_07
KB-1_11KB-1_08KB-1_09KB-1_10KB-1_06KB-2_07
KB-2_05
KH-1_07
KI-1_07KI-1_10KI-1_11KI-1_04
KJB-2_07KRU-1_07KRU-1_08LAN-1_09 LAN-1_11 LAS-1_08LIW-1_08MUE-1_09
OB-1_10
OB-1_12
OB-1_11
OB-2_10OB-2_08OB-2_09OB-2_11OB-2_12
PAR-1_09
PEP-1_09
PÖW-1_10PÖW-1_12PÖW-1_08PÖW-1_09PÖW-1_11PRO-1_12PS-1_04R-1_04
RAS-1_11RAS-1_09
RED-1_08
SB-2_04
SCH-1_05 SCH-10_08SCH-10_11SCH-10_12SCH-10_07SCH-10_09SCH-11_07SCH-12_07SCH-13_07SCH-14_07SCH-15_12SCH-2_12SCH-3_05SCH-4_05SCH-5_12SCH-5_11SCH-5_05 SCH-5_08SCH-5_09SCH-6_05SCH-6_07SCH-7_10SCH-7_11SCH-7_07SCH-7_08SCH-7_09SCH-7_05SCH-8_07SCH-8_05
SCH-9_10SCH-9_09SCH-9_12
SCH-9_11SCH-9_08SCH-9_05
SH-1_04SH-1_05SH-2_05
SH-2_07
SH-3_11SH-3_12
SH-3_05SH-3_07SH-3_09 SNA-1_11SNA-1_08SNA-1_09SNA-1_07SPA-1_08
SPR-1_12
SPR-1_09SPR-1_10SPR-1_11
ST-1_08ST-1_07
ST-1_09ST-1_05
ST-2_05ST-4_05
STA-1_07
UMM-1_12
VI-1_05VI-1_09VI-1_07 VI-1_08
VI-1_12
VI-1_10
VIT-1_12WAF-1_09WAF-1_08
WAO-1_12WB-1_11WB-1_09WB-1_05 WEL-1_10WEL-1_11WEN-1_10WEN-1_11
WEN-1_09
WRE-1_12ZIC-1_09ZIC-1_10ZIC-1_07
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
TN [µmol-l]
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
EQ
R C
ha
race
en
SSE_07SSE_08SSE_09SSE_11 AW-1_07AW-1_08
BA-2_10BA-2_11
BA-2_12BAW-1_12
BRE-1_10BRE-1_12
DAS-1_07DAS-2_12 DAS-2_07DAS-2_08DAS-2_09DAS-2_11DAS-3_07
DW-1_09DW-1_10DW-1_12
DW-1_08
EGG-1_07EGG-1_08
EGG-1_11
FL-2_05G-1_04
GR-1_05GRA-1_07GRA-1_08GRA-1_06GRA-1_10
GRA-1_11
GST-1_08HEI-1_09HEI-1_10HEI-1_12HEI-1_08HEI-1_11
HV-1_05HW-1_12
HW-1_04
HW-1_10
JB-1_09
JB-1_11
JB-1_04
JB-7_04
JB-7_10JB-7_11
JB-7_08JB-7_09
JB-7_07
KB-1_11KB-1_08KB-1_09KB-1_10KB-1_06KB-2_07
KB-2_05
KH-1_07
KI-1_07KI-1_10KI-1_11KI-1_04
KJB-2_07KRU-1_07KRU-1_08LAN-1_09 LAN-1_11 LAS-1_08LIW-1_08MUE-1_09
OB-1_10
OB-1_12
OB-1_11
OB-2_10OB-2_08OB-2_09OB-2_11OB-2_12
PAR-1_09
PEP-1_09
PÖW-1_10PÖW-1_12PÖW-1_08PÖW-1_09PÖW-1_11PRO-1_12PS-1_04R-1_04
RAS-1_11RAS-1_09
RED-1_08
SB-2_04
SCH-1_05 SCH-10_08SCH-10_11SCH-10_12SCH-10_07SCH-10_09SCH-11_07SCH-12_07SCH-13_07SCH-14_07SCH-15_12SCH-2_12SCH-3_05SCH-4_05SCH-5_12SCH-5_11SCH-5_05 SCH-5_08SCH-5_09SCH-6_05SCH-6_07SCH-7_10SCH-7_11SCH-7_07SCH-7_08SCH-7_09SCH-7_05SCH-8_07SCH-8_05
SCH-9_10SCH-9_09SCH-9_12
SCH-9_11SCH-9_08SCH-9_05
SH-1_04SH-1_05SH-2_05
SH-2_07
SH-3_11SH-3_12
SH-3_05SH-3_07SH-3_09 SNA-1_11SNA-1_08SNA-1_09SNA-1_07SPA-1_08
SPR-1_12
SPR-1_09SPR-1_10SPR-1_11
ST-1_08ST-1_07
ST-1_09ST-1_05
ST-2_05ST-4_05
STA-1_07
UMM-1_12
VI-1_05VI-1_09VI-1_07 VI-1_08
VI-1_12
VI-1_10
VIT-1_12WAF-1_09WAF-1_08
WAO-1_12WB-1_11WB-1_09WB-1_05 WEL-1_10WEL-1_11WEN-1_10WEN-1_11
WEN-1_09
WRE-1_12ZIC-1_09ZIC-1_10ZIC-1_07
r = -0,449146; p = 0,00000; r2 = 0,201732
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Data availability restricted even for widely distributed species
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Lower depth limit of macrophyte species
Data availability for hard bottom species even more restricted
HELCOM CORESET II, 2nd Workshop 29.–30.09.2014 Gothenburg
Candidate macrophyte indicators
Biomass ratio of opportunistic species + WFD metric in some countries (monitoring in place) + applicable also in assessment units with low visibility + based on “hard” data: a “real” sample with species richness, composition and biomass - time and cost intensive (laboratory work) - method not harmonized between countries (term opportunistic is handled differently)
Cumulated cover of macrophyte species + cover estimates part of many monitoring programmes + highly significant pressure-relationship for DK and SE data + less time and cost intensive (no laboratory work) - method not applicable in areas with low visibility and difficult in areas with high species richness - no hard data, no sample - method not harmonized between countries