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8/2/2019 Low Noise Dynamic Mixer
1/5
VLSI Design of Low Noise RF down conversion
Mixer for Dynamic Band Allocation
Ebenezer Abishek.B, Mr.D.Ruban Thomas ASST PROFFESOR
M.E (VLSI Design)VELTECH MULTITECH DR.RANGARAJAN & DR.SAKUNTHALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, AVADI, CHENNAI,[email protected]@gmail.com
AbstractThis work focuses the demand of dynamic range RF
mixers to achieve adaptivity in modern wireless communication
systems. The aim of this work is to increase the performance
figures of Dynamic range frequency receptions, intermediate
frequency conversion gain and Noise filtering. An ISM band RF
mixer is designed for experimentation procedure and theconversion gain of this system is reached up to 8.9 dB with a
Local oscillator frequency of 3.15 GHZ. The proposal of
introducing a Channel Analyzer will help to increase the dynamic
needs of the Communication system. Thus channel analyzer is
used to adaptively tune the Voltage control local oscillator
frequency by predicting the channel conditions, which offers
increase Conversion Gain. The dynamic range of a RF Receiver
is often limited by down conversion mixers. Mixers perform
frequency translation by multiplying two signals and also their
harmonics. Down-conversion mixers employed in the receive
path have two distinctly different inputs, called the RF port and
the LO port. The RF port senses the signal to be down-converted
and the LO port senses the periodic waveform generated by the
local oscillator. The input impedance in heterodyne mixer
architectures should be well matched to increase the overall
conversion gain. To achieve these design specifications GILBER
MIXER Cell Design is implemented and tested with various
dynamic channel conditions and posses good efficiency in
dynamic channel environment.
Keywords:-LO, IF,RF,WLAN,IIP3,SNR
I. INTRODUCTION
The important part of wireless communication system to
achieve noiseless communication is RF mixer. The dynamic
range requirements are needed in the modern wireless
communication systems. First down conversion mixer limits
the dynamic range of the receiver. The dynamic range of the
receiver for the ISM band is obtained by using ISM BAND RF
DOWN CONVERSION MIXER.
An Integrated RF Mixer circuit is implemented to handle
Multiple Channel Conditions and to adapt to the required
necessity. Due to its configurability nature of this Mixer it can
be reconfigured to handle Multi Band capabilities without
much variation in power consumptions. The new design of
proposed Mixer must be in a way that it should not affect the
Gain, linearity and Noise Power. Our design considering all
these Constraints designed to optimize results without affecting
existing performance of the MIXER.
II. PROJECT OVERVIEW
A. Select an existing down conversion mixerMixers are abundant in electronic systems ranging from
inexpensive consumer products to sophisticated military
hardware. You'll find them in entertainment equipment as well
as communications gear, test instruments, radar units and
countermeasure systems. There is a tradeoff of parameter for
several mixers. The important parameters considered for this
project are gain and noise figure. Therefore the best suitable
mixer largely used is Gilbert cell mixer.
B. Improving the signal to noise ratio of the mixerThe signal to noise ratio is reduced in the channel due to
frequency migration.
Causes for frequency migration are
Material impact,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/2/2019 Low Noise Dynamic Mixer
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Interference of signal,
Fading,
Radiation pattern.
The frequency migration is eliminated or overcome by
using channel analyzer thereby increasing the signal to noise
ratio.
C. Modifying the mixer for dynamic band allocationThe selected Gilbert cell mixer circuit is modified such
that the mixer operates in dynamic range. Dynamic Range is
the amplitude range over which a mixer can operate without
degradation of performance. It is bounded by the conversion
compression point for high input signals, and by the noise
figure of the mixer for low level input signals. Since the
thermal noise of each passive mixer is about the same, the
conversion compression point normally determines the passive
mixer's dynamic range. The 1 dB compression points is
generally taken to be the top of the dynamic range of a mixer
because the input RF power that is not converted into desired
IF output power is instead converted into heat and higher
orders inter modulation products. The inter modulation
products that begin to appear when RF power is increased
beyond the 1 dB compression point can begin to obscure the
desired IF output. Generally the 1 dB compression point is 5 to10 dB lower than the LO power, so a high level mixer has a
higher 1 dB compression point than a low level mixer, and
therefore a wider dynamic range.
Dynamic range of a receiver is defined by two
parameters: spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and blocking
dynamic range (BDR). Figure below illustrates the SFDR and
BDR for a receiver. SFDR is the input signal range from the
intercept of noise floor and fundamental signal power to the
intercept of noise floor and the 3rd order intermodulation
distortion power. BDR is the input power range from the
intercept of noise floor and fundamental signal power to the
input 1 dB gain compression point (P-1dB).
III. LOWNOISERFDOWNCONVERSIONMIXER
FORDYNAMICBANDALLOCATION.
FIG.1.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED MIXER.
The above figure shows the block diagram of Low Noise
RF down conversion mixer for dynamic band allocation. The
important components in the mixer are channel analyzer and
dynamic mixer is shown in fig.1. The importance
A. Channel Analyzer
Fig.2. Proposed Gilbert Mixer Structure with channel analyzer
Channel analyzer is used to reduce the external noise.
The proposed circuit for the channel analyzer is shown above.
The channel analyzer analyzes the channel condition and
automatically changes the local oscillator to reduce the
external noise. Channel analyzer is the circuit which reducesor eliminates frequency migration.
8/2/2019 Low Noise Dynamic Mixer
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B. Dynamic mixerThe Dynamic mixer operates in the dynamic range.
Dynamic range is the amplitude range over which a mixer can
operate without degradation of performance. Upper limit of
dynamic range is limited by P1dB and lower limit is
determined by noise floor and min SNR required. Modernwireless communication systems demand stringent dynamic
range requirements. The dynamic range of a receiver is often
limited by the first down conversion mixer. This forces many
compromises between figures of merits such as conversion
gain, linearity, dynamic range, noise figure and port to port
isolation of the mixer. Integrated mixer is more desirable than
discrete for higher system integration with cost and space
savings. In order to optimize the overall system performance,
there exists a need to examine the merits and shortcoming of
each mixer feasible for integrated solutions.
C. FIFO BufferBuffer circuit is generally used to synchronize two
asynchronous circuits. The input for a mixer circuit is possibly
a variable frequency signal. So to match the variable speed of
the input signal to the mixer circuit a FIFO based buffer circuit
is designed using TANNER version 13 tool.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:
This adaptive receiver was designed for a wireless local area
network operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. It supports
selectable channel bandwidths of 625 kHz to 2.5 MHz, any
changes made in the transmitter will be detected by receiver
channel analyzer. The simulated waveforms are measured andverified with the expected frequency spectrum analysis.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig.3.Oscillator Wave for Gilbert Mixer
Fig.4. Physical layer implementation of adaptive Mixer
8/2/2019 Low Noise Dynamic Mixer
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Fig.5. Resultant Voltage curve for input and output spectrum
Fig.6.Layout for channel analyzer
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0
Time (ns)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
V
o
lta
g
e
(V
)
v(11)
Synch
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0
Time (ns)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
V
o
lta
g
e
(V
)
v(9 )
Synch
Fig.6.Output for FIFO Buffer
VI. CONCLUSION
A fully integrated adaptive RF Mixer for ISM band receiver is
implemented in a 0.6- m CMOS process Technology. The
low-pass filter is implemented with a single-stage differential
amplifier with an RC feedback to determine the cut-off
frequency of 2.4GHz. The differential amplifier is also source-
degenerated to improve the linearity for the overall system.
VII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
An adaptive Swarm based Intelligence RF MIXER circuit can
be designed which can change its frequency settings
automatically by analyzing the Dynamic Channel conditions,
to provide best Quality communication service.
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REFERENCES
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