Lost Boys

Engaging Lost Males in Developmental Classes: Strategies to Reach themLost MalesIris Strunc

Northwest Florida State CollegeNiceville, FloridaTwo campusesFive centersServing 15,000 full time studentsPOPCORNSORRY

HOUSEHICCUPS

DANDRUFFTEACHER

PENCILGREENBABYTOMATO

CARPURSE

NOSEACORN

BEAUTIFULPESKY

CUPTURN

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Read out loud the text inside the triangle. Jensens Equation for Optimal Learning Meaning +(connecting experience, data, & stimuli to form conclusions and create patterns that give our lives meaning)Present Circumstances +(environment, feelings, people, context, goals, moods)Personal History +(beliefs, experiences, values knowledge)Input (five senses) +(visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, gustatory)Processing +(learning preferencestates, left/right hemisphere, abstract/concrete)Responses (seven intelligences) +(verbal-linguistic, spatial bodily kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, mathematical-logical, intrapersonal, interpersonal) =Optimal Learning (Jensen, 1998)

How We Learnby William Glasser10% of what we read*20% of what we hear30% of what we see50% of what we both see and hear70% of what is discussed with others80% of what we experience personally95% of what we teach someone else90% of what they do70% of what they say50% of what they see and hear30% of what they see26% of what they hear10% of what they readWhat the Average Person Remembers*Within 24 hours, 90% of the material is lost.

Maximize their strengths

Minimize their weaknesses

Utilize their learning stylesHow Can I Help My Male Students Study Smarter?

Determine preferred learning style/modality of your students

Administer a Learning Styles Inventory (http://vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?=questionnaire)

Maximize strengths and minimize weaknesses of your studentsSteps to Take

Auditory learners: are skilled at remembering the spoken word; so include lecture or group discussions. are distracted by loud noise and/or silence; so incorporate subtle background noise while working with them.

Visual learners: pay attention to their surroundings; so make them user friendly. need timelines and charts for remembering data; so incorporate pictures or descriptive oration of topics.

Tactile, Haptic, Kinestheticrole play; they like class content with topics that allow them to move or engage their entire body.use a computer to take notes in class or hand draw some note materials.incorporate movement into their learning by tapping their pencil, shaking their foot, or twirling a pen when they are introduced to a new topic.

low light Bright lightNibbling/sippin No food/drinkSound, music QuietBreaks Work until finishedMany projects Single projectSitting in bed Sitting at a desk to studyGeneral Goals Specific steps8. Stories/Ancecdotes Outline/Agenda9. PicturesWordsGlobal Analytic Identifying Processing Style low light Bright lightNibbling/sippin No food/drinkSound, music QuietBreaks Work until finishedMany projects Single projectSitting in bed Sitting at a desk to studyGeneral Goals Specific steps8. Stories/Ancecdotes Outline/Agenda9. PicturesWords

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Matching instructional strategies to the Perceptual Preferences of students is an effective way to increase achievement and improve attitudes toward learning. (Sawyer, 1995)

English LanguageOne of the largest vocabulary sets of all the languages in the worldIt contains somewhere around 600,000 to 1,000,000 words (Gillet & Temple, 1990)Speakers of English can claim an average vocabulary of 50,000-60,000 words1945, average American student (6-14 yrs) had a written vocabulary of 25,000 wordsIn recent years, some of this active vocabulary has been shrinkingWith advent of television & internet, written vocabulary has dropped about 10,000 wordsEstimated that students must learn more than 88,000 words by 9th grade to read required textbooks (Nagy & Anderson, 1984)

VocabularyAt the age of 4, individuals know about 5,600 wordsAt the age of 5, individuals know about 9,600 wordsAt the age of 6, individuals know about 14,700 wordsAt the age of 8, individuals know about 21,200 wordsAt the age of 9, individuals know about 26,300 wordsAt the age of 10, individuals know about 29,300 wordsIn adulthood, many individuals know in excess of 50,000 to 100,000 words

The average adult has a vocabulary of about 40,000 to 50,000 words out of a language that has more than one million words. (Gillet & Temple, 1990)Source# of Rare Words per 1,000Adult speech (expert testimony) 28.4Adult speech (college graduates) 17.3Prime time adult television22.7Mister Rogers & Sesame Street 2.0Childrens bookspreschool16.3Childrens bookselementary 30.9Comic books53.5Popular magazines66.7Newspapers68.3Adult Books52.7Scientific article abstracts 128.0 (Cunningham & Stanovich, 1998; Rasinski, 1998)

Sources of Rare Words in Vocabulary Acquisition

Literary Workshops vs. Literacy Clinics A principal friend of mine was frustrated with attendance at evening literacy workshops for parents. Plenty of parents were showing up - but they were virtually all women. Finally, she changed one word on the invitation and saw the attendance of dads triple. The change? She described the events as "clinics" instead of "workshops" on the flyer that went home with students. "These guys know sports clinics, and I hadn't realized 'workshops' would sound so feminine to them," she explained21

Registers/Voice of Language

(Joos, 1967)22Registers of LanguageIn 1967 Martin Joos, a Dutch linguist, found that no matter what language you have in the world, there are five registers. The first register is frozen: words that are always the same, like the Lord's Prayer, U.S. Pledge of Allegiance, wedding vows. Literally, the words don't change. They're frozen.Formal: what most of us use at school and work. It's about a 1200- to 1600-word working vocabulary. Often formal register is in writing.Consultative tends to be more spoken, and it's a mix of casual and formal. Casual register is language between friends. It comes out of the oral-language tradition of any group of people. It has about a 400- to 800-word working vocabulary.Intimate register is what is used between lovers and twins: highly private language about private activities. But intimate register also is the language of sexual harassment.You can go up or down one register in a conversation, and it's socially acceptable. But if you go up or down two registers or more, people often are offended.Maria Montano-Harmon, a linguist in California, found that in generational poverty virtually all that the adults and students know is casual register.Use the registers of language as a teaching tool. Many times when students say, "I don't know what that means," they cannot say it in your words. How much time do we give them to translate something from casual register to formal register? Try translating the Pledge of Allegiance from frozen to formal. See how difficult that is?

Language1. When male students speak in casual register, have them say it two other ways in formal register.

2. When male students write in casual register, have them write it two other ways in formal register.

What can you do in the classroom?Constitution of the United States of America

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

TThe Preamble to theThe Preamble to theIn groups, write the preamble in formal or casual register.24

Cinderella

Language &Vocabulary

Males and Vocabulary

The lack of words, the driving need to complete, the need to be in motion, and the inability to articulate feelings set boys up to have difficulty academically, socially, and emotionally. (Slocumb, 2004)

Think About it!Differences in language acquisition & the use of language are probably two of the most significant factors that impede males academically (Slocum, 2004)Male brain is highly specialized; most males tend to access each area one at a timeFirst segment of the male brain to develop is the part that governs spatial abilitiesLast portion of the male brain to develop is language (Ibid)

Language & Planning Connection

Developing Vocabulary in MalesAddressing the issue of mobility & THAT MALES RELATE TO DIAGRAMS AND ABSTRACTIONS BETTER THAN JUST WORDS (Slocum, 2004)Addressing the issue of mobility & THAT MALES RELATE TO DIAGRAMS AND ABSTRACTIONS BETTER THAN JUST WORDS (Slocum, 200430COMMON TYPES OF ANALOGIESAnalogyExamplesWord : Synonym (syn-o-nym) Plain : SimpleWord : Antonym (ant-o-nym)Hasten : DelayPart : WholeLens : CameraCause : EffectBurn : PainWorker : ToolAssistant : Computer

Worker : ProductCobbler : ShoesItem : PurposePencil : WriteItem : CategoryChipmunk : RodentDentist : Drill ::(A) Calendar : Date(B) Sculptor : Chisel(C) Lumberjack : Forest(D) Eyeglasses : Sight(E) Hammer: Carpenter

2.Horse : Mammal ::(A) Insect : Beetle(B) Beaver : Fish(C) Snake : Reptile(D) Trout : Halibut (E) Animal : Tiger3.Hasten : Hurry ::(A) Laugh : Talk(B) Trust : Doubt(C) Stammer : Whisper(D) Attempt : Try(E) Explain : UnderstandRECOGNIZING ANALOGIESClick to Begin

Semantic Mapping

Semantic MappingWrite the concept word in the middle of the paperHelp the students provide characteristics of the wordWrite the characteristics around the concept word, connecting with an arrow pointing toward the characteristicSemantic Mapping decaying withering rotten

decomposed Decadent crumble spoiling wasted falling into ruinSemantic Mapping decaying withering rotten

decomposed Decadent crumble spoiling wasted falling into ruin

Give one large sheet of paper to a group of four or five students. Give each student in the group a different color pen. Have them complete a semantic map for freedom.36EducatedYour turn!

Give one large sheet of paper to a group of four or five students. Give each student in the group a different color pen. Have them complete a semantic map for freedom.

37Sketching Words & Concepts Sketch these words.

Love freedom

Marriage fear

money success

Education DivorceAccording to the recent brain research by Dr. Zadina, pictures are an excellent way to make connections to vocabulary words. If a student is able to sketch a word or a concept, that student understands that word or concept.38Sketching Words & Concepts Sketch these words.

Love freedom

Marriage fear

money success

Education Divorce

AbilityAccording to the recent brain research by Dr. Zadina, pictures are an excellent way to make connections to vocabulary words. If a student is able to sketch a word or a concept, that student understands that word or concept.39

Af was a bull, very affablehis bullmates thoughtHim laughable.

Affable--friendlyHelp your students to make flash cards for vocabulary using a cartoon or picture and a punning caption to serve as an amusing memory aid. The pun supplies a clue to the words meaning.40CRAVEN (KRAY ven) cowardlyLink: RAVENA CRAVEN RAVEN on the run.

Vocabulary CartoonsYour TurnCOUTURE

Link: Couture (kuh TOUR) means fashion designers; clothes created by fashion designers42

Thats what well be wearing; the COUTURE of the FUTURE.

COUTURELink: FUTURE

Chemistry textbooks contain more than 3,000 content specific words unfamiliar to college students.Vocabulary knowledge plays an instrumental role in understanding text.(Nagy and Scott, 2000)Vocabulary knowledge plays an instrumental role in understanding text.(Nagy and Scott, 2000)

Chemistry textbooks contain more than 3,000 content specific words unfamiliar to college students.

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Personalizing Word LearningStudies by Blachowicz and Fisher (2000) indicate that students seem to be more actively engaged when allowed to select their own vocabulary words.Studies by Blachowicz and Fisher (2000) indicate that students seem to be more actively engaged when allowed to select their own vocabulary words.

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The effect of student choice becomes even morepronounced when the instructor models how to select words that are important for understanding text. (Dole, Solan, & Trathen 1995)Combining choice with active processing fits with current brain research (Jensen, 1998)46

EquatorText definition: an imaginary line that circles the earth midway between the north and south poles

Own definition: a line in the middle of earth

Characteristics: hottest place on earth found in the center at 0 degrees latitude

Concept MappingConcept of Definition MapSquare

What is it? (category)QuadrilateralSquareRectangleComparisonAll four sides are congruent4 angles are congruent and right anges 90degreesDiagonals: congruent, bisect each other, & perpendicularWhat is it like?(Properties)

Cheese snack crackersDifferent colors on chess boardWhat are some examples?

Vocabulary Map

Vocabulary WordDefinition Sentence Synonym Picture Vocabulary Map

turbulencechoppiness The sudden turbulence caused the passengers to scream.disruption

Definitionsynonymsentencepicture

Mind MappingWebsConcept mapsThink links

Pair or group students and help them develop several vocabulary maps together. Then ask them to present their maps to the class. 54

Think about the relation of outside items to the center itemErase, edit, and/or shorten words to key ideasRelocate important items closer to each other for better organization (If possible, use color to organize information Link concepts with words to clarify their relationshipsMind Mapping55

Flash exercise contributed by Aaron Shapiro & Dustin Schiltz; Luoise Lystig Fritchie, Interactive Media (DHA 5341) School of Design, University of Minnesota

http://www.mindmeister.com/

http://www.imindmap.com

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IHMC CmapTools version 4.09 http://cmap.ihmc.us/download/ The CmapTools client is a free mapping toolkit.

http://www.text2mindmap.com/Free!

Students learn by involving all modalities (listening, speaking, reading, writing)Students are presented with a list of words related to a topic of interest being studied in classWorking in pairs, students take turns discussing the topic for 5 minutes, using the given wordsAfter brief discussion, each student writes a summary of the topic, using the words on the listCapsule Vocabulary

Give each dyad a copy of a list of related words and a topic.

58Topic: EducationFeedback performanceMotivation effectiveTimely evaluatedBehavior workMechanism managingAccurate systemPositiveNegativeInappropriate

Academic Word ListA set of 3.5 million words created by Averil Coxhead at Victoria University of Wellington in New ZealandThe words were found in over 400 written academic texts, covering 28 different subject areas from the basic disciplinesFrequency was one of the factors taken into account in choosing the wordwords. . .words. . .wordsestablished estimate evidence export factors financial formula function identified income

indicate individual interpretation involved issues labor legal legislation major method occur percent period policy principle procedure process required research http://language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/mostfreq1.shtml achieve acquisition administration affect appropriate aspects assistance categories chapter commission community complex computer conclusion conduct consequences construction consumer credit cultural design distinction response role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory variablesdistinction elements equation evaluation features final focus impact injury institute investment items journal maintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive potential previous primary purchase range region regulations relevant resident resources

Shortest person at table becomes the guesserTaking turns, everyone else at the table gives a verbal clue of the word chosen from bag (no gestures allowed)Person on left of guesser gives first clueClues continue until word is guessedClue givers concentrate on precise choice of wordsClue givers avoid non-verbal signalsClue givers use descriptive words relating all five sensesClue givers try to use precise, effective wordsIf word is guessed correctly, the guesser points to the next person to be the guesserWordsRemind participants that students need to practice using precise words when they write. Tell participants to take out the UP handout. Review how the word UP is overused in the passage. Students do the same thing when they write. Words such as nice are often overused in an essay.

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Fly Swatter Vocabulary Review Minute to review the words Divide the students into groups of four to five Groups choose order of members First members of two groups come up Play begins Loser picks next person up to play

Cooperative Learning GroupsInstructional practice of placing students into small groups Groups work together toward a common goalEach member of the team is responsible for learning and also helping teammates learnBenefit of cooperative learning is that it enhances a students self esteem which in turn motivates the student to be more involved in the learning process (Johnson & Johnson, 1989)Cooperative interactions among students result in higher degree of accomplishment for all participants (Slavin, 1987)Instructional practice of placing students into small groups Groups work together toward a common goalEach member of the team is responsible for learning and also helping teammates learnBenefit of cooperative learning is that it enhances a students self esteem which in turn motivates the student to be more involved in the learning process (Johnson & Johnson, 1989)Cooperative interactions among students result in higher degree of accomplishment for all participants (Slavin, 1987)

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Some sample roles are:

Organizerprovides the group with the overall process structureRecorderwrites down important information (e.g., directions or group work)CheckerMakes sure that all team members understand the concepts and the team's conclusions.Questionergenerates questions and involves all studentsAssessorevaluates the progress of each work sessionEncouragermodels and reinforces appropriate social skills.

Summarizer: Restates the team's conclusions or answers.Spokespersonrepresents the group and presents group work to rest of the classTimekeeperkeeps group on task and on timeTeam facilitatorModerates discussions, keeps the team on schedule, ensures that work is completed by all, and makes sure that all have the opportunity to participate and learn.ElaboratorRelates the discussion with prior concepts and knowledge.Research runnerGets needed materials and is the liaison between teams and between their team and the instructor.Roles

Numbered Heads Together Ask students to number off in their teams from one to four. Announce a question and a time limit.

Students put their heads together to come up with an answer. Call a number and ask all students with that number to stand and answer the question. Recognize correct responses and elaborate through robust discussions.Team Jigsaw

Assign each student in a team one fourth of a page to read from any text (for example, a social studies text), or one fourth of a topic to investigate or memorize. Each student completes his or her assignment and then teaches the others or helps to put together a team product by contributing a piece of the puzzle

Cooperative GroupsGiving Students ChoicesBiology Chordates - Birds/Mammals

Animal Unit : Chordates, part 2: Birds/Mammals Name____________________________100 pts. Due Date: February 28 You may turn in 2 assignments/day and ONE level I assignment on day 5!!

I. "Stuff" - NO MORE THAN 70 POINTS IN SECTION I

_____1. Notes 5 pts/day 1 2 3 4

_____2. Flashcards: Bird Orders - 10 Orders, 2/3 birds per Order. 10 pts

_____3. Flashcards: Mammal Orders - 10 Orders, 2/3 mammals per Order. 10 pts.

_____4. Book work assignment: pg_____ # ____________________________. 10 pts

_____5. Book work assignment: pg_____ # ____________________________. 10 pts .

_____6. Choose a Bird Order. Write a 1 page report on the order giving an overview of the Order and how it is divided into Families. Use and cite at least two sources. 10 pts.

_____7. Make a scaled timeline using adding machine paper (no more than 4 feet). Show the emergence of each Class of Chordates, 4 Orders, the Hominids, and Homo sapien. 10 pts.

_____8. Write a 1-2 page report, using sources other than your textbook, explaining the evolution of egg-laying, marsupial, and placental mammals. 10 pts.

_____9. Make a simple sketch showing 7 parts of a feather and 4 different types of feathers. Learn them. 10pts.

_____II. Lab: 15 pts. Choose ONE ONLY

1. Open a Frog and identify 15 body parts.

2. Graph respiration rates on 5 different species of Mammals. Show relationship of size to respiration rate. III. Library Research. Choose ONE topic. Find 2 articles on the topic. Cite the article. Summarize each article (1/2 page each) then write page of your opinion on the topic. 15 pts.

1. Were dinosaurs birds?

2. Why does Australia have all the Marsupials?Layered Curriculum3. True or False: 95% of bird species are extinct.

Layered CurriculumDr Kathie F Nunley Brains.org

Giving Students Choices Biology: Animal Unit : Fish Amph. Reptiles 100 pts. Name______________________________Due Date: February 13 No more than 2 assignments may be graded on any given day!I NO MORE THAN 70 POINTS IN SECTION I _____1. Notes 5 pts/day 1 2 3 4 5_____2. Flashcards: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes Amphibian, Reptile & the 4 Orders of Reptiles. List main characteristics and improvements. 15 pts. _____3. Book work assignment: pg_____ # ____________________________. 10 pts_____4. Book work assignment: pg_____ # ____________________________. 10 pts_____5. Video: Realm of the Alligator. Write 10 facts and 5 questions generated. 15 pts._____6. Choose an amphibian Order. Write a 1 page report on the order using at least two sources. 10 pts._____7. Find 5 newspaper accounts (past or present) of shark attacks on humans. Print them off. What types of sharks tend to attack humans? Why? 10 pts. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX _____II. Lab: 15 pts. Choose ONE ONLY1. Does a 1 degree (C) water temperature change affect fish respiration? 2. Does caffeine affect fish respiration? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXIII. Library Research. Choose ONE topic. Find 2 articles on the topic. Cite the article. Summarize each article (1/2 page each) then write page of your opinion on the topic. 15 pts.1. What kinds of environmental issues are affecting amphibians and why.2. What kinds of environmental issues are affecting the fishing industry. 3. What evidence supports the theory that snakes are lizards without legs

Layered CurriculumDr Kathie F Nunley Brains.org

Giving Students ChoicesDaleolder male student; test anxiety issues. Test days cause him distress. I allow him to choose when he feels ready to take a test.In my reading class, I allow the students to choose whether they work on their computer assignments, textbook assignment, or vocabulary assignment for 30 minutes of the class. This choice encourages student efficacy.Students may choose to replace a low grade in a homework assignment with another assignment of equal value.BibliographyBy AuthorAnderson, C.A. and Bushmana, Brad J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science. Vol. 295. March 29. p 2378.Baron-Chohen, s. (2003). The Essential Difference: the Truth About the Male and Female Brain. New York , NY: Basic Books.Beck, I., and McKeown, M.G. , Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing Words to life: Robust voccabulary Instuction, New York: Guildford.Conlin, M. (2003). The new gender gap. BusinessWeek. May 26. pp 75-82.Cox, A.J. (2006). Boys of Few Words. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Fleming, N.D. (2005). Teaching and learning styles: VARK strategies. Christchurch, NZ: Microfilm Limited.Feuerstein, Reuven, et al. (1980). Instrumental Enrichment: An Intervention Program for Cognitive Modifiability. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman & Co.Galley, M. (2002). Boys to men. Education Week. January 23. pp 26-29Glasser, W. (1993). The quality school teacher. New York: HarperCollins..Gurian, M. (2001). Boys and Girls Learn Differently: a Guide for Teachers and Parents. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Howard, P.J. (2000). The Owners Manual for the Brain: Everyday Applications from Mind-Brain research. Atlanta, GA: Bard Press.Jensen, Eric, Brain-Based Learning: A Reality Check. Educational Leadership. April 2000.Joos, M. (1967). The Styles of the Five Clocks. Language and Cultural Diversity in American Education. 1972. Abrahams, R.D., and Troike, R.C. (Eds.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Kaplan, R.B. (1984) Cultural thought Patterns in Intercultural Eduation. In McKay, S. (Ed). 1984). Composing in a Second Language. Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers. pp. 43-62.Nagy, W.E. (1988). Teaching vocabulary to improve reading comprehension. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English; Newark, DE: International Reading AssociationPayne,R. (2002). Learning Structures, Highlands, TX: aha! Process.Payne, R. (2005). A Framework for Understanding Poverty (4th Revised Edition). Highlands, TX: aha! Process.Pelzer, d. (1997). The Lost Boy. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications.Pollack, w. (2000). Real Boys Voices. New York, NY; Random House.Pressley, M., Levin, J.R. & Delaney, H.D. (1983). The mnemonic keyword method. Review of Educational Research, 52, 61-92.Sax, L. (2005). Why Gender Matters. New York, NY: Doubleday.Slocumb, P. (2007). Hear Our Cry: Boys in Crisis (2nd Revised Edition). Highlands, TX: aha! Process.Zwiers, J. ((2008). . San Francisco, CA; Jossey Bass.Electronic SourcesThe gender gap:boys lagging. 60 Minutes, May 25, 2003 http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/10/31/60minutes/printables52678.shtml

71Iris Struncstrunci@nwfsc.edu

Thank You!

REGISTEREXPLANATION

FROZENLanguage that is always the same.

For example: Lords Prayer, wedding vows, etc.

FORMALThe standard sentence syntax and word choice of work and school. Has complete sentences and specific word choices.

CONSULTATIVEFormal register when used in conversation. Discourse pattern not quite as direct as formal register.

CASUALLanguage between friends and is characterized by a 400- to 800-word vocabulary. Word choice general and not specific. Conversation dependent upon non-verbal assists. Sentence syntax often incomplete.

INTIMATELanguage between lovers or twins. Language of sexual harassment.